EP3196428A1 - Système et procédé de dégivrage de turbines à gaz - Google Patents

Système et procédé de dégivrage de turbines à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3196428A1
EP3196428A1 EP17151786.5A EP17151786A EP3196428A1 EP 3196428 A1 EP3196428 A1 EP 3196428A1 EP 17151786 A EP17151786 A EP 17151786A EP 3196428 A1 EP3196428 A1 EP 3196428A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
exhaust
ambient air
return
return portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17151786.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3196428B1 (fr
Inventor
Hua Zhang
Parag Prakash Kulkarni
Bradly Aaron Kippel
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication of EP3196428A1 publication Critical patent/EP3196428A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
    • F01D25/305—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like with fluid, e.g. liquid injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
    • F01N2270/02—Mixing air with exhaust gases for cooling exhaust gases or the apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
    • F01N2270/10—Mixing air with exhaust gases for rendering exhaust innocuous, e.g. by dilution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
    • F05D2270/082—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases with as little NOx as possible
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed herein relates to exhaust gases from turbomachinery, and more specifically, to controlling the temperature of exhaust gases to reduce the occurrence of ice forming on a filter house or other equipment during cold weather conditions.
  • Exhaust gases from turbomachinery may be subject to emissions regulations.
  • the exhaust gases may be treated by an aftertreatment system to reduce the amount of emissions to an acceptable amount.
  • the effectiveness of certain aftertreatment systems may be affected by the high temperatures of the exhaust gas. As such, cooling of the exhaust gas prior to entering the aftertreatment system may improve the effectiveness of the aftertreatment systems.
  • components utilized to cool exhaust gases such as the filter house, may experience ice formation during freezing temperatures or during cold weather conditions.
  • a system in a first embodiment, includes an exhaust section which receives an exhaust flow of a gas turbine, where the exhaust section includes a catalyst assembly.
  • the system includes an exhaust duct coupled to the diffuser section upstream of the catalyst assembly, where the exhaust duct extracts a return portion of the exhaust flow.
  • the system includes a filter house coupled to the exhaust duct, where the filter house receives a combined flow of an ambient air flow and the return portion.
  • the system includes a return conduit coupled to the filter house and the exhaust section, where the return conduit is coupled to the exhaust section upstream of the exhaust duct. The return conduit directs the combined flow to the exhaust section, and the catalyst assembly receives a mixed flow including the exhaust flow and the combined flow.
  • a system in a second embodiment, includes an exhaust flow from a gas turbine engine, where the exhaust flow includes a main flow directed through an exhaust section and a return portion extracted through an exhaust duct.
  • the system includes a combined flow from a filter house directed to the exhaust flow through a return conduit upstream of a catalyst assembly of the exhaust section, where the combined flow includes an ambient air flow and the return portion, and a first temperature of the combined flow through the filter house is greater than 0 degrees Celsius.
  • the system includes a mixed flow directed through the catalyst assembly of the exhaust section, where the mixed flow includes the main flow and the combined flow.
  • a second temperature of the mixed flow through the catalyst assembly is less than approximately 482 degrees Celsius.
  • a method in a third embodiment, includes directing an exhaust flow from a gas turbine engine through an exhaust section. The method includes extracting a return portion of the exhaust flow from the exhaust section. The method includes heating an ambient air flow with the return portion and mixing the heated ambient air flow with the exhaust flow in the exhaust section. The method includes directing a mixed flow through a catalyst assembly, where the mixed flow includes the exhaust flow and the heated ambient air flow.
  • a system and a method for cooling the temperature of exhaust gases exiting a turbomachine before entering an aftertreatment system is described in detail below.
  • the embodiments of the present invention generally relate to techniques for cooling an exhaust gas flow.
  • one or more gas turbine engines may combust a fuel to produce combustion gases for driving one or more turbine blades.
  • emissions in the exhaust gases resulting from the combustion process may include nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), carbon oxides (CO x ), and unburned hydrocarbons.
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • SO x sulfur oxides
  • CO x carbon oxides
  • unburned hydrocarbons unburned hydrocarbons.
  • One technique for removing or reducing the amount of NO x in an exhaust gas stream is by utilizing a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst assembly or other suitable catalyst assemblies.
  • a reductant e.g., ammonia (NH 3 )
  • NH 3 ammonia
  • the effectiveness of the SCR catalyst assembly may be at least partially dependent upon the temperature of the exhaust gas that is processed.
  • the SCR catalyst assembly may be particularly effective at temperatures of approximately 260 to 482 degrees Celsius (°C) (or 500 to 900 degrees Fahrenheit (°F)).
  • a gas turbine system such as a simple cycle gas turbine system, may include an injection system configured to inject cooling air into an exhaust gas stream.
  • the injection system may be disposed downstream (i.e., relative to the flow of exhaust gases) of a turbine, but upstream from a SCR catalyst assembly.
  • the injection system may be disposed partially or entirely within an exhaust section.
  • the injection system may include a plurality of pipes, each having a plurality of injection holes or openings for injecting a cooling fluid (e.g., combined flow including a return portion of exhaust gas and ambient air) into the exhaust gas stream.
  • One or more manifolds may be coupled to the injection system to distribute a return portion of the exhaust flow to the injection tubes of the air injection system.
  • a portion of the exhaust flow may be supplied from the turbine and may be combined with a flow of ambient air to form a combined flow.
  • the combined flow may be combined with a main flow of the exhaust gas to form a mixed flow.
  • the mixing structure may aid with mixing of combined flow into the exhaust gas stream to form the mixed flow.
  • the mixing structure may increase mixing by utilizing the injection system to inject air to provide for improved uniformity in temperature and/or velocity distributions of the mixed flow received by the SCR system.
  • the presently disclosed techniques may be particularly useful in simple cycle gas turbine systems, as will be discussed below, it should be understood that the present technique may be implemented in any suitably configured system, including combined cycle gas turbine systems, for example.
  • the temperature of the combined flow, the mixed flow, and the main flow (e.g., exhaust flow) may be controlled by a controller based at least in part on the temperature of the exhaust flow and the ambient air flow.
  • the temperature control of the combined flow is accomplished by directing a return portion of the exhaust flow into the ambient air, which may then be drawn into the filter house by a pump or other air flow equipment.
  • the present embodiments may be suited for cold weather conditions, such that ice formation is reduced or eliminated on and around the filter house and the return conduit. Additionally, the present embodiments do not utilize steam to reduce the formation of ice on the equipment.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a turbine system 10 that includes an injection system for cooling exhaust gases, in accordance with an embodiment of the present techniques.
  • the turbine system 10 includes a turbine engine 12 and an aftertreatment system 14.
  • the turbine system 10 may be a power generation system.
  • the turbine system 10 may use liquid or gas fuel, such as natural gas and/or a hydrogen-rich synthetic gas, to run the turbine system 10.
  • the turbine system 10 includes an air intake section 16, a compressor 18, a combustor section 20, and the turbine 12.
  • the turbine 12 may be drivingly coupled to the compressor 18 via a shaft.
  • air enters the turbine system 10 through the air intake section 16 (indicated by the arrows 17) and is pressurized in the compressor 18.
  • the compressor 18 may include a plurality of compressor blades coupled to the shaft. The rotation of the shaft causes rotation of the compressor blades, thereby drawing air into the compressor 18 and compressing the air prior to entry into the combustor section 20.
  • the compressed air 17 may be mixed with fuel 19 for combustion within the combustor.
  • the combustors may include one or more fuel nozzles that may inject a fuel-air mixture into the combustor in a suitable ratio for optimal combustion, emissions, fuel consumption, power output, and so forth.
  • the combustion of the air 17 and fuel 19 generates hot pressurized exhaust gases, which may then be utilized to drive one or more turbine blades within the turbine 12.
  • the combustion gases flowing into and through the turbine 12 flow against and between the turbine blades, thereby driving the turbine blades and, thus, the shaft into rotation to drive a load 21, such as an electrical generator in a power plant.
  • the rotation of the shaft also causes blades within the compressor 18 to draw in and pressurize the air received by the intake 16.
  • the combustion gases that flow through the turbine 12 may exit the downstream end 15 of the turbine 12 as a stream of exhaust gas 26.
  • the exhaust gas stream 26 may continue to flow in the downstream direction 27 towards the aftertreatment system 14.
  • the downstream end 15 may be fluidly coupled to the aftertreatment system 14 and, particularly, to an exhaust section 30.
  • the exhaust gas 26 may include certain byproducts, such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), carbon oxides (CO x ), and unburned hydrocarbons. Due to certain regulations, the aftertreatment system 14 may be employed to reduce or substantially minimize the concentration of such byproducts prior to releasing the exhaust gas stream into the atmosphere.
  • one technique for removing or reducing the amount of NO x in an exhaust gas stream is by using a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst assembly.
  • the SCR catalyst assembly removes NO x from the exhaust gas stream 26 by injecting a reductant such as ammonia (NH 3 ) into the exhaust gas stream to react with the NO x to produce nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O).
  • a reductant such as ammonia (NH 3 ) into the exhaust gas stream to react with the NO x to produce nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O).
  • NH 3 ammonia
  • N 2 nitrogen
  • H 2 O water
  • the effectiveness of this SCR catalyst assembly may be at least partially dependent upon the temperature of the exhaust gas that is processed.
  • the SCR catalyst assembly for removing NO x may be particularly effective at temperatures of approximately 260 to 482 degrees Celsius (°C) (or 500 to 900 degrees Fahrenheit (°F)).
  • the exhaust gas 26 exiting the turbine 22 and entering the exhaust section 30 may have a temperature of around 590 to 650 degrees Celsius (°C) (or approximately 1100 to 1200 degrees Fahrenheit (°F)).
  • the aftertreatment system 14 may include an injection system 32 configured to inject a cooling fluid (e.g., the combined flow) into the exhaust gas stream 26, thereby cooling the exhaust gas stream 26 prior to SCR.
  • the combined flow 39 may be a return portion 56 of exhaust gas and ambient air 36. It should be understood that the effective temperatures may vary depending on the element being removed from the gas stream 26 and/or the catalyst being employed.
  • the injection system 32 may be disposed entirely or partially within the exhaust section 30.
  • the injection system 32 may include a plurality of injection tubes.
  • Each of the injection tubes may include a plurality of injection holes configured to inject ambient air 36 into the exhaust section 30 for mixture with the exhaust gas stream 26.
  • a filter house 33 associated with the injection system 32 may include one or more air blowers, fans, or a combination thereof.
  • the term "cooling,” when used to describe the air flow 36 should be understood to mean that the ambient air 36 is cooler relative to the exhaust gas stream 26 exiting the turbine 22.
  • the injection system 32 may also include a valve 41 for regulating the flow of ambient air 36, the return portion 56, or a combination thereof.
  • the exhaust gas 26 output from the turbine 22 and the ambient air 36 may flow into the exhaust section 30 at different rates.
  • the ambient air 36 mixes with a return portion 56 of the exhaust gas stream 26 that is directed through an exhaust flow duct 54 in order to achieve a combined flow 39.
  • the exhaust section 30 may include a mixing plate including a plurality of holes, which may be suitably configured to provide generally uniform mixing, thus achieving a generally uniform temperature and velocity distribution in the mixed flow 37 prior to flowing into the SCR catalyst assembly 42.
  • the mixed flow 37 may continue flowing downstream (e.g., in direction 27) through a reductant injection system 38.
  • the reductant injection system 38 may be configured to inject a suitable reductant (e.g., ammonia (NH 3 ) or urea) 40 into the mixed flow 37.
  • a suitable reductant e.g., ammonia (NH 3 ) or urea
  • the SCR catalyst assembly 42 may be implemented to reduce emissions.
  • the reductant 40 e.g., ammonia, urea
  • the SCR catalyst assembly 42 may be implemented using any suitable geometry, such as a honeycomb or plate configuration.
  • the stack 44 in some embodiments, may include a silencer or muffler.
  • While the present embodiment is generally focused on the processing and removal of NO x from the exhaust gas stream 26, other embodiments may provide for the removal of other combustion byproducts, such as carbon monoxide or unburned hydrocarbons.
  • the supplied catalyst may vary depending on the composition that is being removed from the exhaust gas stream 26.
  • the temperatures of the combined flow 39 and the mixed flow 37 may vary according to the catalyst assemblies utilized, which in turn may affect the amount of cooling fluid (e.g., combined flow 39) utilized to control the temperature of the mixed flow 37.
  • some embodiments may utilize an oxidation catalyst assembly to reduce combustion byproducts.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the use of one SCR catalyst assembly 42, but may also include multiple SCR catalyst assemblies 42 or other catalyst assemblies.
  • the system 10 may also include a continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) system 48 that continuously monitors the composition of the processed exhaust stream 43 exiting the stack 44. If the CEM system 48 detects that the composition of processed exhaust stream 43 fails to comply with one or more emissions regulations, the CEM system 48 may provide notification to an appropriate entity, which may be tasked with instigating further action, such as notifying the operators of the system 10 to adjust operating parameters, perform service, or otherwise cease operating the system 10. In some embodiments, the CEM system 48 may also implement corrective actions, such as adjusting temperature, flow rates of cooling air 36, flow rates of the return portion 56, an amount of reductant (e.g., NH 3 ) injected into the exhaust section 30, etc.
  • CEM continuous emissions monitoring
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the injection system 32 coupled to the exhaust section 30 of the turbine system 10 of FIG. 1 .
  • the exhaust section 30 is coupled to an exhaust stack 44.
  • the exhaust stack 44 removes emissions (e.g., NO x emissions) from the mixed flow 37 prior to releasing the remaining mixed flow 37 into the atmosphere through the stack 44.
  • the amount of emissions may be further reduced by a second catalyst assembly 29 disposed within the exhaust section 30.
  • the second catalyst assembly 29, such as an oxidation catalyst or a CO catalyst maybe utilized within the exhaust section 30 upstream of the of the SCR catalyst assembly 42.
  • a mixing structure e.g., a perforated plate 50 or other uniform flow equipment.
  • the perforated plate 50 may include a plurality of holes 52 or apertures to provide openings for the mixed flow 37 to flow through.
  • the perforated plate 50 may help with mixing to produce a substantially homogenous mixture of the combined flow (e.g., the return portion 56, and the ambient air 36 flow) and the main flow (e.g., the exhaust flow 26) to achieve a uniform temperature distribution.
  • the perforated plate 50 may improve the uniformity of the mixed flow 37 (e.g., combined flow 39 and exhaust gas stream 26) before the mixed flow 37 enters the catalyst assemblies (e.g., the SCR catalyst assembly 42), thereby improving emissions reduction of the mixed flow 37.
  • the perforated plate 50 may have other shaped holes or openings, such circular, ovular, triangular, square, rectangular, or other polygonal shapes. Additionally, the holes and openings may be disposed in various patterns, shapes, or sizes (e.g., a grid of holes, parallel rows of holes, and so forth) to improve the uniformity of the mixed flow 37.
  • the exhaust section 30 is coupled to the filter house 33 of the injection system 32 upstream of the catalyst assembly 42 (e.g., the SCR catalyst assembly).
  • the filter house 33 may be partially disposed within the exhaust section 30 or it may be disposed outside of the exhaust section 30.
  • the exhaust flow duct 54 may be coupled to the exhaust section 30 to direct a return portion 56 of the exhaust flow to the filter house 33.
  • the return portion 56 may enter the exhaust flow duct 54 through a return opening 59.
  • the exhaust flow duct 54 may be disposed at an angle 57 relative to the exhaust section 30.
  • the exhaust flow duct 54 may be disposed at an angle 57 of approximately 90 degrees relative to the exhaust section 30.
  • the angle 57 may be approximately 30 to 175 degrees, approximately 60 to 100 degrees relative to the exhaust section 30, and any angle therebetween. As the angle size 57 decreases, the amount of flow extracted as the return portion 56 may be less than when the angle 57 is larger due to the flowpath through the return opening with a smaller angle 57.
  • the filter house 33 receives the return portion 56 and combines the return portion 56 with the ambient air 36 to produce the combined flow 39.
  • the combined flow 39 enters the exhaust section 30 through a return conduit 65.
  • the ratio of the return portion 56 of the exhaust flow 26 and the ambient air 36 may vary, based at least in part on the temperature of the exhaust flow 26 and the temperature of the ambient air 36.
  • the combined flow 39 includes a non-zero portion of the return portion 56.
  • the non-zero portion of the return portion 56 may range from approximately 0.1 to 15%, 0.5 to 10%, 1 to 5%, and all percentages therebetween.
  • the filter house 33 may include a pump, a fan 45, a compressor, or other air circulation equipment to help move the ambient air 36 and the return portion 56 of the exhaust flow 26 through the filter house 33 and into a transition section 58 through the return conduit 65.
  • the filter house 33 may include a filter media 47 to help filter the ambient air 36 and the return portion 56.
  • the return portion 56 and the ambient air 36 may mix to form the combined flow 39 upstream of the fan 45 and the filter media 47 to reduce or eliminate ice formation.
  • the combined flow 39 then flows into the exhaust section 30 via the transition section 58.
  • the return conduit 65 and the transition section 58 may include a plurality of return ports 60. Such return ports are described in U.S. Patent No.
  • the return ports 60 may be of varying sizes, and may be arranged in a various configurations (e.g., parallel, staggered).
  • the mixed flow 37 may include as much as 10%, 20%, 30%, or up to approximately 40% of the ambient air 36.
  • the ambient air 36 helps reduce the temperature of the exhaust flow 26, such that the temperature of the mixed flow 37 may be less than approximately 400 to 500 degrees Celsius (°C) (or approximately 750 to 930 degrees Fahrenheit (°F)).
  • the mixed flow 37 may be reduced to about 482 degrees Celsius (°C) at a point upstream of the SCR catalyst assembly 42. Reducing the temperature of the mixed flow 37 to about 482 degrees Celsius (°C) increases the useful lifespan of the SCR catalyst 42.
  • the temperature of the mixed flow 37 may be controlled to facilitate an increase in useful lifespan of other catalyst assemblies (e.g., oxidation catalyst), when they are utilized in the aftertreatment system 14.
  • the temperature and flow rate of the mixed flow 37 may be controlled by a controller 62.
  • the controller 62 may receive measurements from a plurality of sensors 64 disposed within the aftertreatment system 14, the air injection system 32, the exhaust section 30, or any combination thereof.
  • the sensors 64 may include one or more temperature sensors (e.g., to measure ambient air 36 temperature, combined flow 39 temperature, mixed flow 37 temperature), one or more emissions sensors, one or more flow sensors (e.g., to measure flow rate of the combined flow 39, mixed flow 37), or any combination thereof.
  • the sensors 64 may be disposed along the exhaust flow duct 54, within the filter house 33, along the exhaust section 30, along the return conduit 65, or any combination thereof.
  • the controller 62 may be configured to control one or more control valves (e.g., a valve 41 to control the combined flow 39, a valve 51 to control the return portion 56).
  • the control valves may be configured to control the temperature and/or flow rates of the flows (e.g., return portion 56, combined flow 39).
  • the control valves may also adjust the ratio of the return portion 56 to the exhaust flow 26. Controlling the temperature and/or flow rates of the flows helps reduce or eliminate the formation of ice that may form due to cold weather conditions. As such, adjusting the temperature and/or flow rates of the flows may reduce or eliminate ice formation in or around the filter house 33 and the other associated equipment (e.g., pump, compressor, fan 45), the return conduit 65, and the transition section 58.
  • the controller 62 may increase the ambient air flow 36 and/or decrease the return portion 56 when the likelihood of ice formation in or around the filter house 33 is low for current flow rates of the ambient air flow 36 and the return portion 56.
  • the temperature of the combined flow 39 may be decreased, and the temperature of the mixed flow 37 may also be reduced (e.g., less than 482 degrees Celsius (°C)).
  • the reduced temperature of the mixed flow 37 may increase the useful lifespan of the SCR catalyst assembly 42.
  • the reduced temperature of the combined flow 39 may facilitate a reduced return portion 56, thereby reducing any energy losses associated with the return portion 56.
  • the controller 62 may decrease the ambient air flow 36 and/or increase the return portion 56 when the likelihood of ice formation in or around the filter house 33 is high for current flow rates of the ambient air flow 36 and the return portion 56.
  • the temperature of the combined flow 39 and the mixed flow 37 may be increased.
  • the increased temperature of the mixed flow 37 may reduce the useful lifespan of the SCR catalyst assembly 42 in reducing emissions (e.g., NO x emission) from the combined flow 39.
  • the increased temperature of the combined flow 39 may reduce or eliminate ice formation in or around the filter house 33.
  • the return portion 56 may heat the ambient air 36 via a heat exchanger without mixing the return portion 56 with the ambient air 36.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method 80 for injecting a combined flow 39 for cooling exhaust gases 26 entering the aftertreatment system 14.
  • the method 80 includes directing (e.g., block 82) the exhaust flow 26 through the exhaust section.
  • the method 80 includes extracting (e.g., block 84) the return portion 56 of the exhaust flow through the return conduit.
  • the method 80 includes heating (e.g., block 86) the ambient air 36 to reduce or eliminate ice from the filter house, the return conduit, or any combination thereof during cold weather conditions. Without heating, the filter house and/or the return conduit may accumulate ice during cold weather conditions (e.g., ambient air temperature less than 7 degrees Celsius (°C) (45 degrees Fahrenheit (°F))).
  • cold weather conditions e.g., ambient air temperature less than 7 degrees Celsius (°C) (45 degrees Fahrenheit (°F)
  • heating of the ambient air 36 is accomplished without using steam (such as steam generated by a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)).
  • the method 80 includes directing (e.g., block 88) the heated ambient air flow to the transition section of the exhaust duct.
  • the method 80 includes mixing (e.g., block 90) the heated ambient air flow with the exhaust flow to form a mixed flow.
  • the method 80 includes directing (e.g., block 92) the mixed flow through the catalyst assembly 42.
  • the temperature of an exhaust flow by injecting ambient air and using a return portion of the exhaust flow to control the temperature of the injected ambient air.
  • the temperature of the mixed flow formed from the exhaust flow and the injected ambient air flow may be controlled by a controller based at least in part on the temperature of the return portion and the ambient air flow.
  • the temperature control of the combined flow is accomplished by a return portion of the exhaust flow into the ambient air which is drawn into the filter house by a pump or other air flow equipment.
  • the present embodiments may be suited for cold weather conditions, such that ice formation is reduced on and in the filter house and the return conduit. Additionally, the present embodiments do not utilize steam to reduce the formation of ice.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
EP17151786.5A 2016-01-20 2017-01-17 Système et procédé de dégivrage de turbines à gaz Active EP3196428B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US15/001,823 US10450929B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2016-01-20 Anti-icing system and method for gas turbine exhaust sections

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EP3196428A1 true EP3196428A1 (fr) 2017-07-26
EP3196428B1 EP3196428B1 (fr) 2020-01-01

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EP (1) EP3196428B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6960736B2 (fr)
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WO2019094453A1 (fr) 2017-11-09 2019-05-16 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Americas, Inc. Alimentation supplémentaire pour centrales à cycle combiné
US10669908B1 (en) * 2018-12-03 2020-06-02 Wellhead Power Solutions, Llc Power generating systems and methods for reducing startup NOx emissions in fossile fueled power generation system
US11840937B2 (en) * 2021-12-17 2023-12-12 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Diffuser nozzle for a gas turbine engine

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US20170204771A1 (en) 2017-07-20
EP3196428B1 (fr) 2020-01-01
CN106988842A (zh) 2017-07-28
KR20170087419A (ko) 2017-07-28
US10450929B2 (en) 2019-10-22
CN106988842B (zh) 2021-05-14
JP6960736B2 (ja) 2021-11-05
JP2017129139A (ja) 2017-07-27

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