EP3194632A1 - Cast-iron alloy, and corresponding part and production method - Google Patents

Cast-iron alloy, and corresponding part and production method

Info

Publication number
EP3194632A1
EP3194632A1 EP15763023.7A EP15763023A EP3194632A1 EP 3194632 A1 EP3194632 A1 EP 3194632A1 EP 15763023 A EP15763023 A EP 15763023A EP 3194632 A1 EP3194632 A1 EP 3194632A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
content
nickel
coefficient
cast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15763023.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3194632B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Baptiste PRUNIER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ferry-Capitain Sarl
Original Assignee
Ferry-Capitain Sarl
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ferry-Capitain Sarl filed Critical Ferry-Capitain Sarl
Publication of EP3194632A1 publication Critical patent/EP3194632A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3194632B1 publication Critical patent/EP3194632B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cast iron alloy.
  • the tools must have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, or a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of the material or the material to be molded in the temperature range used for forming.
  • thermoplastic materials polyimides for example
  • composites containing these same thermoplastics require higher temperatures.
  • Increasing the forming temperature also allows in some cases to decrease the duration of a production cycle.
  • the object of the invention is to enable the manufacture by molding of a cast iron part whose thermal expansion is low for high temperatures and in particular up to 400 ° C., and whose expansion coefficient remains stable up to these temperatures. high temperatures.
  • the invention aims to design an alloy that allows the manufacture of a tool having a low coefficient of expansion and stable, including at high temperatures. Also, the invention aims to design an alloy that allows the manufacturing such a tool having a small wall thickness while certainly having few structural defects.
  • the subject of the invention is a spheroidal graphite or graphite graphite alloy comprising, in% by weight, the following elements: Carbon (C) between 1.2% and 3.5%, Si (Si ) between 1, 0% or 1, 2% and 3%, Nickel (Ni) between 26% and 31%, Cobalt (Co) between 15% and 20%.
  • the alloy comprises: Magnesium (Mg) between 0.02% and 0.10%, Manganese (Mn) ⁇ 1.5%, Chromium (Cr) ⁇ 0.5%, and / or Phosphorus (P) ⁇ 0 , 12 or ⁇ 0.04%, and / or Sulfur (S) ⁇ 0.1 1 or ⁇ 0.03%, and / or Molybdenum (Mo) ⁇ 0.5%, and / or Copper (Cu) ⁇ 0 , 5%, the rest being Iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • Mg Magnesium
  • Mn Manganese
  • Cr Chromium
  • P Phosphorus
  • S S
  • Cu Copper
  • the alloy may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the nickel (Ni) content is at least 27% or 28% and / or at most 30%;
  • the cobalt (Co) content is at least 16% and / or at most 18% or 19%;
  • the alloy comprises Carbon (C) at least 1.4% or 1.5% and at most 3.1% or 3.3%, and / or Silicon (Si) at least 1.4% or 1.5% % and not more than 2.6% or 2.8%;
  • the Manganese content (Mn) is at least 0.01% and / or at most 1.0%;
  • the copper content (Cu) is at most 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%;
  • molybdenum (Mo) content is at most 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%;
  • the chromium (Cr) content is at most 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5%.
  • the invention also relates to a part made of a cast iron alloy, as defined above, and in particular the part being a tool.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a part as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the subject of the invention is a cast iron alloy. It allows to obtain parts whose coefficient of thermal expansion is weak and stable up to a temperature of 400 ° C.
  • the part is for example a tool, in particular a tool for manufacturing parts made of composite material or thermoplastic material.
  • composition data are given in% by weight of the total weight of the alloy.
  • a first aspect of the invention is the chemical composition of the alloy.
  • the alloy is a cast iron alloy.
  • the alloy may be a cast iron alloy with spheroidal graphite or lamellar graphite.
  • the alloy comprises, in addition to Fe, carbon (C) between 1.2% and 3.5%, silicon (Si) between 1% and 3%, nickel (Ni) between 26% and 31%, and Cobalt (Co) between 15% and 20%.
  • the alloy may comprise magnesium (Mg) between 0.02% and 0.10%.
  • the alloy may comprise manganese (Mn) up to 1.5%, or up to
  • the alloy may comprise chromium (Cr) at a content between traces and 0.5%.
  • the alloy may comprise phosphorus (P) at a content between traces and 0.04% or between traces and 0.12%.
  • the alloy may comprise sulfur (S) at a content between traces and 0.03% or between traces and 0.1%.
  • the alloy may comprise molybdenum (Mo) at a content between traces and 0.5%.
  • the alloy may comprise copper (Cu) at a content between traces and 0.5%.
  • the nickel (Ni) content of the alloy may be preferably between at least 27% or 28% and at most 30%.
  • the cobalt (Co) content of the alloy may be preferably from at least 16% to at most 18% or 19%.
  • the carbon content (C) of the alloy may preferably be between at least 1.4% or 1.5% and at most 3.1% or 3.3%.
  • the silicon (Si) content of the alloy may be preferably from at least 1.4% or 1.5% to at most 2.6% or 2.8%.
  • the Manganese content (Mn) of the alloy may preferably be at least 0.01% and / or at most 1.0%.
  • the copper (Cu) content of the alloy may be preferably less than 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%.
  • the Molybdenum (Mo) content of the alloy may be preferably less than 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%.
  • An iron-based alloy with a low coefficient of expansion is known as Fe-Ni36 (trade name INVAR®). It is a steel developed in the late 19th century. It contains 36% nickel and iron. The curve representing the expansion coefficient of iron / nickel alloys has an anomaly around 36% nickel: the coefficient of expansion is then much lower than for the other compositions. This is valid for low temperatures up to 130 ° C.
  • the iron / nickel / cobalt alloy with 32% nickel and 5.5% cobalt has a lower coefficient of expansion than INVAR®, and above all, it keeps this property at higher temperatures.
  • Ni-Resist D5 ASTM A4319 with 35% nickel (iron rest) has in particular a low coefficient of expansion: 5 * 10 -6 K 1 .
  • Ferrynox N33 ® (33% nickel, 4% cobalt) gives a low coefficient of expansion and stability (4 * 10 "6 K “ 1 ) up to 180 ° C.
  • Ferrynox N36 ® (36% nickel, 4% cobalt) has a higher coefficient of expansion (4.5 * 10 "6 K “ 1 ), but remains stable up to 250 ° C.
  • the behavior of the coefficient of thermal expansion as a function of the temperature of the two FerrynoxN36 and FerrynoxN33 alloys is illustrated in the single figure.
  • the alloy comprises, in addition to iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities, only the following elements, within the limits indicated:
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the ExempIel is less than 6.4 * 10 -6 K -1 for a temperature below 400 ° C. Also, the coefficient of thermal expansion is relatively stable over a wide temperature range. It is between 6 * 10 "6 K “ 1 and 7 * 10 "6 K " 1 over the entire range of 150 ° C to 400 ° C.
  • Another aspect of the alloy according to the invention is that it is weldable.
  • the alloy comprises, in addition to iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities, only the following elements, within the limits indicated:
  • the alloy is a lamellar graphite cast iron.
  • a second aspect of the invention is a part made of an alloy as defined above.
  • the piece is notably a tool.
  • the tool may comprise only portions of the alloy according to the invention or be entirely made of this alloy. Generally at least the form surface of the tool consists of the alloy according to the invention.
  • the tooling has a minimum wall thickness that is less than 50 mm.
  • a third aspect of the invention is the method of manufacturing a part made of an alloy according to the invention.
  • First of all the part for example a tool, is cast in a mold.
  • slow means less than 50 ° C / h, especially over the entire cooling period between casting of the part and solidification.
  • the workpiece can be heat treated, for example by annealing.
  • the alloy is used in particular for the manufacture of tools used subsequently for the manufacture of composite parts, for example thermoplastic material and carbon fibers.
  • the technical field can be aeronautics.
  • the alloy may comprise one or more of the following contents:
  • Si - Silicon (Si) between 1, 2% and 3%, and / or

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a spheroidal graphite or flake graphite cast-iron alloy comprising the following elements, in wt. %: between 1.2% and 3.5% of carbon (C), between 1.0% or 1.2% and 3% of silicon (Si), between 26% and 31% of nickel (Ni), and between 15% and 20% of cobalt (Co), the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. The invention is applicable to the production of tools.

Description

Alliage de fonte, pièce et procédé de fabrication correspondants  Cast iron alloy, part and corresponding manufacturing process
La présente invention concerne un alliage de fonte.  The present invention relates to a cast iron alloy.
On connaît dans l'état de la technique des outillages réalisés en fonderie pour fabriquer des pièces en matière composite fibres de carbone et résine ou en matière thermoplastique. Ces pièces en matériau composite carbone/résine sont moulées à une température allant habituellement jusqu'à 250°C.  Known tools are known in the state of the art to manufacture parts made of composite material carbon fibers and resin or thermoplastic material. These carbon / resin composite parts are molded at a temperature usually up to 250 ° C.
Les outillages doivent avoir un faible coefficient de dilatation thermique, ou un coefficient de dilatation thermique proche de celui du matériau ou de la matière à mouler dans la gamme de température utilisée pour le formage.  The tools must have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, or a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of the material or the material to be molded in the temperature range used for forming.
Pour les températures de formage au-delà de 250°C, il existe des outillages fabriqués uniquement en mécano-soudé.  For forming temperatures above 250 ° C, there are tools manufactured only in mechanically welded.
Pour les températures de formage allant jusqu'à 250°C avec des outillages réalisés en fonderie, il existe un certain nombre d'alliages ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique acceptable, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les températures plus élevées.  For forming temperatures up to 250 ° C with foundry tools, there are a number of alloys with an acceptable coefficient of thermal expansion, which is not the case for higher temperatures.
Notamment, certaines matières thermoplastiques (polyimides par exemple) et composites contenant ces mêmes thermoplastiques nécessitent des températures plus élevées. Augmenter la température de formage permet également dans certains cas de diminuer la durée d'un cycle de production.  In particular, certain thermoplastic materials (polyimides for example) and composites containing these same thermoplastics require higher temperatures. Increasing the forming temperature also allows in some cases to decrease the duration of a production cycle.
Actuellement, il existe des alliages réalisés en fonderie pour les outillages qui permettent de conserver un coefficient de dilatation stable jusqu'à 250°C. Il existe également des tôles permettant de conserver un coefficient de dilatation stable jusqu'à 400°C.  Currently, there are foundry alloys for tools that maintain a stable coefficient of expansion up to 250 ° C. There are also sheets to maintain a stable coefficient of expansion up to 400 ° C.
On connaît également des outillages en acier utilisés pour fabriquer des pièces en matériau composite ou en matière thermoplastique. Ces outillages ont toutefois une épaisseur de paroi relativement importante, étant donné que l'acier est susceptible de comporter des défauts structurels (retassures) lorsque les outillages sont fabriqués avec une faible épaisseur.  Steel tools used to manufacture parts made of composite material or of thermoplastic material are also known. These tools, however, have a relatively large wall thickness, since the steel is likely to have structural defects (sinkholes) when the tools are manufactured with a small thickness.
L'invention a pour but de permettre la fabrication par moulage d'une pièce en fonte dont la dilatation thermique est faible pour des températures élevées et notamment allant jusqu'à 400°C, et dont le coefficient de dilatation reste stable jusqu'à ces hautes températures.  The object of the invention is to enable the manufacture by molding of a cast iron part whose thermal expansion is low for high temperatures and in particular up to 400 ° C., and whose expansion coefficient remains stable up to these temperatures. high temperatures.
En particulier, l'invention a pour but de concevoir un alliage qui permet la fabrication d'un outillage ayant un coefficient de dilatation faible et stable, y compris à des températures élevées. Aussi, l'invention a pour but de concevoir un alliage qui permette la fabrication d'un tel outillage ayant une épaisseur de paroi faible tout en ayant assurément peu de défauts structurels. In particular, the invention aims to design an alloy that allows the manufacture of a tool having a low coefficient of expansion and stable, including at high temperatures. Also, the invention aims to design an alloy that allows the manufacturing such a tool having a small wall thickness while certainly having few structural defects.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un alliage de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal ou à graphite lamellaire comprenant, en % de poids, les éléments suivants : Carbone (C) entre 1 ,2% et 3,5%, Silicium (Si) entre 1 ,0% ou 1 ,2% et 3%, Nickel (Ni) entre 26% et 31 %, Cobalt (Co) entre 15% et 20%. Optionnellement l'alliage comprend : Magnésium (Mg) entre 0,02% et 0,10%, Manganèse (Mn) < 1 ,5%, Chrome (Cr) < 0,5%, et/ou Phosphore (P) < 0,12 ou < 0,04%, et/ou Soufre (S) < 0,1 1 ou < 0,03%, et/ou Molybdène (Mo) < 0,5%, et/ou Cuivre (Cu) < 0,5%, le reste étant du Fer et des impuretés inévitables.  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a spheroidal graphite or graphite graphite alloy comprising, in% by weight, the following elements: Carbon (C) between 1.2% and 3.5%, Si (Si ) between 1, 0% or 1, 2% and 3%, Nickel (Ni) between 26% and 31%, Cobalt (Co) between 15% and 20%. Optionally the alloy comprises: Magnesium (Mg) between 0.02% and 0.10%, Manganese (Mn) <1.5%, Chromium (Cr) <0.5%, and / or Phosphorus (P) <0 , 12 or <0.04%, and / or Sulfur (S) <0.1 1 or <0.03%, and / or Molybdenum (Mo) <0.5%, and / or Copper (Cu) <0 , 5%, the rest being Iron and unavoidable impurities.
Selon des modes particuliers de réalisation, l'alliage peut comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :  According to particular embodiments, the alloy may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
- la teneur en Nickel (Ni) est au moins 27% ou 28% et/ou au plus 30% ;  - the nickel (Ni) content is at least 27% or 28% and / or at most 30%;
- la teneur en Cobalt (Co) est au moins 16% et/ou au plus 18% ou 19% ;  - the cobalt (Co) content is at least 16% and / or at most 18% or 19%;
- L'alliage comprend Carbone (C) au moins 1 ,4% ou 1 ,5% et au plus 3,1 % ou 3,3%, et/ou Silicium (Si) au moins 1 ,4% ou 1 ,5% et au plus 2,6% ou 2,8% ;  - The alloy comprises Carbon (C) at least 1.4% or 1.5% and at most 3.1% or 3.3%, and / or Silicon (Si) at least 1.4% or 1.5% % and not more than 2.6% or 2.8%;
- la teneur en Manganèse (Mn) est au moins 0,01 % et/ou au plus 1 ,0% ;  the Manganese content (Mn) is at least 0.01% and / or at most 1.0%;
- la teneur en Cuivre (Cu) est au plus 0,2%, 0,3%, ou 0,4% ;  - the copper content (Cu) is at most 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%;
- la teneur en Molybdène (Mo) est au plus 0,2%, 0,3%, ou 0,4% ;  - the molybdenum (Mo) content is at most 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%;
- la teneur en Chrome (Cr) est au plus 0,3%, 0,4%, ou 0,5%.  the chromium (Cr) content is at most 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5%.
L'invention a également pour objet une pièce fabriquée en un alliage de fonte, tel que défini ci-dessus, et notamment la pièce étant un outillage.  The invention also relates to a part made of a cast iron alloy, as defined above, and in particular the part being a tool.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce telle que définie ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes :  The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a part as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- Coulée de la pièce dans un moule,  - casting of the piece in a mold,
- Une fois la pièce coulée dans le moule, faire subir un refroidissement à la pièce dans son moule, ce refroidissement étant notamment inférieur à 50°C/h.  - Once the piece cast in the mold, subject the piece to cooling in its mold, this cooling being particularly less than 50 ° C / h.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant à la Figure unique sur laquelle est représenté le comportement de dilatation thermique de trois alliages, au moyen de révolution de leur coefficient de dilatation thermique en fonction de la température.  The invention will be better understood on reading the description which will follow, given solely by way of example and with reference to the single FIGURE on which the thermal expansion behavior of three alloys is represented, by means of revolution of their coefficient of thermal expansion as a function of temperature.
L'invention a pour objet un alliage de fonte. Il permet d'obtenir des pièces dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique est faible et stable jusqu'à une température de 400°C.  The subject of the invention is a cast iron alloy. It allows to obtain parts whose coefficient of thermal expansion is weak and stable up to a temperature of 400 ° C.
La pièce est par exemple un outillage, en particulier un outillage pour fabriquer des pièces en matériau composite ou en matière thermoplastique.  The part is for example a tool, in particular a tool for manufacturing parts made of composite material or thermoplastic material.
Toutes les indications de composition sont données par la suite en % en poids du poids total d'alliage. Un premier aspect de l'invention est la composition chimique de l'alliage. All composition data are given in% by weight of the total weight of the alloy. A first aspect of the invention is the chemical composition of the alloy.
L'alliage est un alliage de fonte. L'alliage peut être un alliage de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal ou à graphite lamellaire.  The alloy is a cast iron alloy. The alloy may be a cast iron alloy with spheroidal graphite or lamellar graphite.
Son composant de base est le Fer (Fe). Il comporte aussi des impuretés inévitables résultant de l'élaboration.  Its basic component is Iron (Fe). It also contains unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration.
L'alliage comprend, outre le Fe, du carbone (C) entre 1 ,2% et 3,5%, du Silicium (Si) entre 1 % et 3%, du Nickel (Ni) entre 26% et 31 %, et du Cobalt (Co) entre 15% et 20%.  The alloy comprises, in addition to Fe, carbon (C) between 1.2% and 3.5%, silicon (Si) between 1% and 3%, nickel (Ni) between 26% and 31%, and Cobalt (Co) between 15% and 20%.
De plus l'alliage peut comprendre du Magnésium (Mg) entre 0,02% et 0,10%. De plus, l'alliage peut comprendre du manganèse (Mn) jusqu'à 1 ,5%, ou jusqu'à In addition, the alloy may comprise magnesium (Mg) between 0.02% and 0.10%. In addition, the alloy may comprise manganese (Mn) up to 1.5%, or up to
0,8%. 0.8%.
De plus, l'alliage peut comprendre du chrome (Cr), à une teneur comprise entre des traces et 0,5%.  In addition, the alloy may comprise chromium (Cr) at a content between traces and 0.5%.
De plus, l'alliage peut comprendre du phosphore (P), à une teneur comprise entre des traces et 0,04% ou entre des traces et 0,12%.  In addition, the alloy may comprise phosphorus (P) at a content between traces and 0.04% or between traces and 0.12%.
De plus, l'alliage peut comprendre du soufre (S), à une teneur comprise entre des traces et 0,03% ou entre des traces et 0,1 1 %.  In addition, the alloy may comprise sulfur (S) at a content between traces and 0.03% or between traces and 0.1%.
De plus, l'alliage peut comprendre du molybdène (Mo), à une teneur comprise entre des traces et 0,5%.  In addition, the alloy may comprise molybdenum (Mo) at a content between traces and 0.5%.
De plus, l'alliage peut comprendre du cuivre (Cu), à une teneur comprise entre des traces et 0,5%.  In addition, the alloy may comprise copper (Cu) at a content between traces and 0.5%.
La teneur en Nickel (Ni) de l'alliage peut être de préférence comprise entre au moins 27% ou 28% et au plus 30%.  The nickel (Ni) content of the alloy may be preferably between at least 27% or 28% and at most 30%.
La teneur en en Cobalt (Co) de l'alliage peut être de préférence comprise entre au moins 16% et au plus 18% ou 19%.  The cobalt (Co) content of the alloy may be preferably from at least 16% to at most 18% or 19%.
La teneur en Carbone (C) de l'alliage peut être de préférence comprise entre au moins 1 ,4% ou 1 ,5% et au plus 3,1 % ou 3,3%.  The carbon content (C) of the alloy may preferably be between at least 1.4% or 1.5% and at most 3.1% or 3.3%.
La teneur en Silicium (Si) de l'alliage peut être de préférence comprise entre au moins 1 ,4% ou 1 ,5% et au plus 2,6% ou 2,8%.  The silicon (Si) content of the alloy may be preferably from at least 1.4% or 1.5% to at most 2.6% or 2.8%.
La teneur en Manganèse (Mn) de l'alliage peut être de préférence comprise entre au moins 0,01 % et/ou au plus 1 ,0%.  The Manganese content (Mn) of the alloy may preferably be at least 0.01% and / or at most 1.0%.
La teneur en Cuivre (Cu) de l'alliage peut être de préférence inférieure à 0,2%, 0,3%, ou 0,4%.  The copper (Cu) content of the alloy may be preferably less than 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%.
La teneur en Molybdène (Mo) de l'alliage peut être de préférence inférieure à 0,2%, 0,3%, ou 0,4%. On connaît un alliage à base de fer à coefficient de dilatation faible qui est le Fe- Ni36 (appellation commerciale INVAR ®). C'est un acier développé en fin du 19è siècle. Il comporte 36% de nickel et du fer. La courbe représentant le coefficient de dilatation des alliages fer/nickel présente une anomalie aux alentours des 36% de nickel : le coefficient de dilatation est alors bien plus faible que pour les autres compositions. Ceci est valable pour des températures faibles, jusqu'à 130°C. The Molybdenum (Mo) content of the alloy may be preferably less than 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%. An iron-based alloy with a low coefficient of expansion is known as Fe-Ni36 (trade name INVAR®). It is a steel developed in the late 19th century. It contains 36% nickel and iron. The curve representing the expansion coefficient of iron / nickel alloys has an anomaly around 36% nickel: the coefficient of expansion is then much lower than for the other compositions. This is valid for low temperatures up to 130 ° C.
Divers alliages ont ensuite été développés à partir de cette base, notamment avec le cobalt comme élément d'addition. Par exemple, l'alliage fer/nickel/cobalt avec 32% de nickel et 5,5% de cobalt a un coefficient de dilatation plus bas que l'INVAR®, et surtout, il garde cette propriété à des températures plus élevées.  Various alloys were then developed from this base, in particular with cobalt as additive element. For example, the iron / nickel / cobalt alloy with 32% nickel and 5.5% cobalt has a lower coefficient of expansion than INVAR®, and above all, it keeps this property at higher temperatures.
En fonte, il existe la même anomalie qu'en acier, cependant le coefficient de dilatation est un peu plus élevé. La Ni-Resist D5 (ASTM A439) à 35% de nickel (reste fer) a notamment un coefficient de dilatation bas : 5*10"6 K 1. In cast iron, there is the same anomaly as in steel, however the coefficient of expansion is a little higher. The Ni-Resist D5 (ASTM A439) with 35% nickel (iron rest) has in particular a low coefficient of expansion: 5 * 10 -6 K 1 .
Par la suite, comme en acier, d'autres alliages ont été développés, en ajoutant des éléments d'additions tels que le cobalt. Ainsi le Ferrynox N33 ® (33% de nickel, 4% de cobalt) permet d'obtenir un coefficient de dilatation faible et une stabilité (4*10"6 K"1 ) jusqu'à 180°C. Le Ferrynox N36 ® (36% nickel, 4% cobalt) a un coefficient de dilatation plus élevé (4,5*10"6 K"1), mais qui reste stable jusqu'à 250°C. Les allures du coefficient de dilatation thermique en fonction de la température des deux alliages FerrynoxN36 et FerrynoxN33 sont illustrés sur la figure unique. Subsequently, as in steel, other alloys were developed, adding additions elements such as cobalt. Ferrynox N33 ® (33% nickel, 4% cobalt) gives a low coefficient of expansion and stability (4 * 10 "6 K " 1 ) up to 180 ° C. Ferrynox N36 ® (36% nickel, 4% cobalt) has a higher coefficient of expansion (4.5 * 10 "6 K " 1 ), but remains stable up to 250 ° C. The behavior of the coefficient of thermal expansion as a function of the temperature of the two FerrynoxN36 and FerrynoxN33 alloys is illustrated in the single figure.
Selon des exemples, l'alliage comprend outre le fer (Fe) et les impuretés inévitables, uniquement les éléments suivants, dans les limites indiquées :  According to examples, the alloy comprises, in addition to iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities, only the following elements, within the limits indicated:
Le coefficient de dilatation thermique de l'ExempIel , indiqué sous le nom Ferrynox N29K sur la Figure, comparé à des coefficients de dilatation thermique des deux alliages de l'état de la technique (Ferrynox N33 et Ferrynox N36) est indiqué sur la Figure unique.  The thermal expansion coefficient of the ExempIel, indicated under the name Ferrynox N29K in the Figure, compared to the coefficients of thermal expansion of the two alloys of the state of the art (Ferrynox N33 and Ferrynox N36) is indicated in the single FIG. .
Le coefficient de dilatation thermique de l'ExempIel est inférieur à 6,4*10"6 K"1 pour une température inférieure à 400°C. Egalement, le coefficient de dilatation thermique est relativement stable sur une grande plage de températures. Il est compris entre 6*10"6 K"1 et 7*10"6 K"1 sur toute la plage allant de 150°C à 400°C. The thermal expansion coefficient of the ExempIel is less than 6.4 * 10 -6 K -1 for a temperature below 400 ° C. Also, the coefficient of thermal expansion is relatively stable over a wide temperature range. It is between 6 * 10 "6 K " 1 and 7 * 10 "6 K " 1 over the entire range of 150 ° C to 400 ° C.
Les caractéristiques mécaniques de l'échantillon sont les suivantes : Limite Limite de Allongement après The mechanical characteristics of the sample are as follows: Limit Limit of Elongation after
élastique rupture rupture  elastic rupture rupture
Re (MPa) Rm (MPa) A%  Re (MPa) Rm (MPa) A%
à 20°C 298 483 28,4 à 200°C 214 380 29,8  at 20 ° C 298 483 28.4 at 200 ° C 214 380 29.8
à 300°C 146 350 30  at 300 ° C 146 350 30
à 400°C 166 341 30,5  at 400 ° C 166,341 30.5
à 450°C 156 336 30,9  at 450 ° C 156 336 30.9
Un autre aspect de l'alliage selon l'invention est qu'il est soudable. Another aspect of the alloy according to the invention is that it is weldable.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation l'alliage comprend, outre le fer (Fe) et les impuretés inévitables, uniquement les éléments suivants, dans les limites indiquées :  According to another embodiment, the alloy comprises, in addition to iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities, only the following elements, within the limits indicated:
Dans ce cas, l'alliage est une fonte à graphite lamellaire.  In this case, the alloy is a lamellar graphite cast iron.
Un second aspect de l'invention est une pièce fabriquée en un alliage tel que défini ci-dessus. La pièce est notamment un outillage. L'outillage peut comprendre seulement des portions en l'alliage selon l'invention ou être entièrement constitué de cet alliage. Généralement au moins la surface de forme de l'outillage est constituée de l'alliage selon l'invention.  A second aspect of the invention is a part made of an alloy as defined above. The piece is notably a tool. The tool may comprise only portions of the alloy according to the invention or be entirely made of this alloy. Generally at least the form surface of the tool consists of the alloy according to the invention.
De préférence, l'outillage a une épaisseur de paroi minimale qui est inférieure à 50 mm.  Preferably, the tooling has a minimum wall thickness that is less than 50 mm.
Un troisième aspect de l'invention est le procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en un alliage selon l'invention.  A third aspect of the invention is the method of manufacturing a part made of an alloy according to the invention.
Tout d'abord la pièce, par exemple un outillage, est coulée dans un moule.  First of all the part, for example a tool, is cast in a mold.
Une fois la pièce coulée dans le moule, elle subit un refroidissement, notamment lent, dans son moule. Le terme « lent » signifie inférieur à 50°C/h, notamment sur toute la durée de refroidissement entre la coulée de la pièce et la solidification.  Once the piece is poured into the mold, it undergoes cooling, including slow, in its mold. The term "slow" means less than 50 ° C / h, especially over the entire cooling period between casting of the part and solidification.
Après l'étape de refroidissement, la pièce peut être traitée thermiquement, par exemple par recuit.  After the cooling step, the workpiece can be heat treated, for example by annealing.
L'alliage est notamment utilisé pour la fabrication d'outillages utilisés ensuite pour la fabrication de pièces composites, par exemple en matière thermoplastique et fibres de carbone. Le domaine technique peut être l'aéronautique. Selon d'autres aspects de l'invention, l'alliage peut comprendre l'une ou plusieurs des teneurs suivantes : The alloy is used in particular for the manufacture of tools used subsequently for the manufacture of composite parts, for example thermoplastic material and carbon fibers. The technical field can be aeronautics. According to other aspects of the invention, the alloy may comprise one or more of the following contents:
- Silicium (Si) entre 1 ,2% et 3%, et/ou  - Silicon (Si) between 1, 2% and 3%, and / or
- Phosphore (P) < 0,04%, et/ou  - Phosphorus (P) <0.04%, and / or
- Soufre (S) < 0,03%.  Sulfur (S) <0.03%.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . - Alliage de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal ou à graphite lamellaire comprenant, en % de poids, les éléments suivants : 1. - Spheroidal graphite or lamellar graphite cast iron alloy comprising, in% by weight, the following elements:
- Carbone (C) entre 1 ,2% et 3,5%,  - Carbon (C) between 1, 2% and 3.5%,
- Silicium (Si) entre 1 ,0% ou 1 ,2% et 3%,  - Silicon (Si) between 1, 0% or 1, 2% and 3%,
- Nickel (Ni) entre 26% et 31 %,  - nickel (Ni) between 26% and 31%,
- Cobalt (Co) entre 15% et 20%,  - Cobalt (Co) between 15% and 20%,
optionnellement :  optionally:
- Magnésium (Mg) entre 0,02% et 0,10%,  Magnesium (Mg) between 0.02% and 0.10%,
- Manganèse (Mn) < 1 ,5%,  - Manganese (Mn) <1.5%,
- Chrome (Cr) < 0,5%, et/ou  - Chromium (Cr) <0.5%, and / or
- Phosphore (P) < 0,12 ou < 0,04%, et/ou  - Phosphorus (P) <0.12 or <0.04%, and / or
- Soufre (S) < 0,1 1 ou < 0,03%, et/ou  - Sulfur (S) <0.1 1 or <0.03%, and / or
- Molybdène (Mo) < 0,5%, et/ou  - Molybdenum (Mo) <0.5%, and / or
- Cuivre (Cu) < 0,5%,  - Copper (Cu) <0.5%,
le reste étant du Fer et des impuretés inévitables.  the rest being iron and unavoidable impurities.
2. - Alliage selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la teneur en Nickel (Ni) est au moins 27% ou 28% et/ou au plus 30%.  The alloy of claim 1, wherein the nickel (Ni) content is at least 27% or 28% and / or at most 30%.
3. - Alliage selon les revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel la teneur en Cobalt (Co) est au moins 16% et/ou au plus 18% ou 19%.  3. - Alloy according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the cobalt content (Co) is at least 16% and / or at most 18% or 19%.
4. - Alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant :  4. An alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
- Carbone (C) au moins 1 ,4% ou 1 ,5% et au plus 3,1 % ou 3,3%, et/ou  - Carbon (C) at least 1, 4% or 1, 5% and at most 3.1% or 3.3%, and / or
- Silicium (Si) au moins 1 ,4% ou 1 ,5% et au plus 2,6% ou 2,8%.  - Silicon (Si) at least 1, 4% or 1, 5% and at most 2.6% or 2.8%.
5. - Alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la teneur en:  An alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the content of:
Manganèse (Mn) est au moins 0,01 % et/ou au plus 1 ,0%.  Manganese (Mn) is at least 0.01% and / or at most 1.0%.
6. - Alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la teneur en:  6. An alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the content of:
Cuivre (Cu) est au plus 0,2%, 0,3%, ou 0,4%.  Copper (Cu) is at most 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%.
7. - Alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la teneur en:  7. An alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the content of:
Molybdène (Mo) est au plus 0,2%, 0,3%, ou 0,4%.  Molybdenum (Mo) is at most 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4%.
8.- Alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la teneur en:  8. An alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the content of:
Chrome (Cr) est au plus 0,3%, 0,4%, ou 0,5%. Chromium (Cr) is at most 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5%.
9. - Pièce fabriquée en un alliage de fonte, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage est un alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, et notamment la pièce étant un outillage. 9. - Part made of a cast iron alloy, characterized in that the alloy is an alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, and in particular the part being a tool.
10. - Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce selon la revendication 9 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes :  10. - A method of manufacturing a part according to claim 9 characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- Coulée de la pièce dans un moule,  - casting of the piece in a mold,
- Une fois la pièce coulée dans le moule, faire subir un refroidissement à la pièce dans son moule, ce refroidissement étant notamment inférieur à 50°C/h.  - Once the piece cast in the mold, subject the piece to cooling in its mold, this cooling being particularly less than 50 ° C / h.
EP15763023.7A 2014-09-15 2015-09-15 Cast-iron alloy, and corresponding part and production method Active EP3194632B1 (en)

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US11618937B2 (en) 2019-10-18 2023-04-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC High-modulus, high-strength nodular iron and crankshaft

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US7335428B2 (en) 2001-11-30 2008-02-26 Imphy Alloys Cooking vessel comprising a base made of a multilayer material and a side wall, and article of multilayer material
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FR3025807A1 (en) 2016-03-18
FR3025807B1 (en) 2016-10-14
WO2016041971A1 (en) 2016-03-24
ES2693509T3 (en) 2018-12-12
US10683567B2 (en) 2020-06-16

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