EP3189203B1

EP3189203B1 - Ventilation window

Info

Publication number: EP3189203B1
Application number: EP15775491.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Petri HÄNNINEN; Jyrki Jaskari
Original assignee: Skaala Production Oy
Current assignee: Skaala Ifn Oy
Priority date: 2014-09-05
Filing date: 2015-08-24
Publication date: 2018-11-07
Anticipated expiration: 2035-08-24
Also published as: WO2016034979A3; FI126565B; FI20145778A; WO2016034979A2; EP3189203A2

Description

Field of invention

The invention is related to the field of building and ventilation technology, more specifically to ventilation windows.

Technical background

Published international patent application WO 2014/098435 A1 discloses a window with a ventilation structure. The window comprises a window frame having upper and lower openings which are divided by a horizontal member, and upper and lower window panes respectively mounted in the upper and lower openings for selectively opening and closing the upper and lower openings. At least a pair of the horizontal members are spaced apart from each other in the window frame, and a ventilation hole is disposed between the horizontal members. The window can ventilate the indoor air smoothly without regard to weather conditions, and prevent rain from coming into the room through the open window.
HAUTAU GmbH's ventilation device Ventra® 301 equipped with a parallel flow heat exchanger (when this is being written, a brochure can be downloaded from address http://hautau.de/index.php?id=79&L=1; Ventra® is a mark registered for Hautau GmbH at least in Germany) is mounted in the body structure on the outside of the frame of the window, before which it has been necessary to work (concrete and block structures) or build (wood structures) an installation housing for the ventilation device. An installation housing worked in the concrete or block structure must be grouted for example by means of plastering (when this is being written, installation instructions can be downloaded from address http://hautau.de/index.php?id=164&L=1) before the installation of the ventilation device. Working or building the installation housing and waiting for the plastering to dry will extend the installation period and cause extra costs. This kinds of ventilation devices are disclosed in German patent application publications DE 10 2011 055522 A1 and DE 10 2012 104198 A1 .
German patent application publication DE 32 00 113 A1 discloses a window in which the window frames have venting ducts in the longitudinal direction which are divided by means of heat-exchanging partitions. The individual ducts are connected by means of air inlet and air outlet openings to the inside and to the outside. Venting ducts of different frames are interconnected by means of passages. The airflows directed from the outside inwards or from the inside outwards predominantly cross one another in the lower and upper frame limbs.
The ventilation device described in Skaala Oy's Finnish patent application 20135214 is more easily mountable than HAUTAU GmbH's ventilation machine, because the ventilation device described in patent application 20135214 is inside the perimeter formed by the frames, in which case no extra housings need to be made in the body structures.
However, the objective at present is to make an as large light opening area as possible in the window, which means that slimmer sashes need to be used. In this case, the susceptibility of the sashes to various deformations grows. When as slim sashes as possible are used, any cuts and holes made in the sashes increase the possibility of deformations and problems resulting from deformations.

Objective of invention

A first objective of the invention is to facilitate the installation of a ventilation window.
A second objective of the invention is to improve the tightness of a ventilation window.
It is possible to solve these objectives by means of a ventilation window according to claim 1.
The dependent claims describe the preferred further developments of the ventilation window.

Advantages of invention

The ventilation window comprises a) a frame, b) an outer sash arranged in connection with the frame, to which outer sash at least one pane is fastened, and c) an inner sash arranged in connection with the frame, to which inner sash at least one pane is fastened. The outer sash and the inner sash are fastened to the frame or one of the sashes is fastened to the frame and the other sash is fastened to a sash fastened to the frame so that an intermediate space has been arranged between the outer sash and the inner sash.
In addition to this, the ventilation window comprises i) a ventilation device which has been installed or is to be installed inside the frame or on the surface of the frame on the side of the intermediate space, which ventilation device extends to the intermediate space, ii) at least one fresh air duct for leading fresh air from the exterior to the ventilation device through at least one inlet such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame on the exterior side and from the ventilation device further to the interior as inlet air through at least one outlet such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame on the interior side, and iii) at least one exhaust air duct for leading exhaust air from the interior to the ventilation device through at least one inlet such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame on the interior side and from the ventilation device further to the exterior as waste air through at least one outlet such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame on the exterior side.
Owing to the ventilation window according to the invention, the existence of the intermediate space can be utilised in the placing of the ventilation device. It may be possible to install a ventilation window comprising a ventilation device in a window installation opening that has been made in the body structure, where the installation opening does not have a separate installation housing, or an installation housing that is possibly needed can be implemented as a smaller installation housing. When compared to Hautau GmbH's Ventra® 301 window, it is possible to achieve considerable savings in labour and material, especially in renovated buildings. When the ventilation device has been installed inside the frame, it is possible to reduce the volume taken by the ventilation device in the intermediate space, which enables the implementation of a larger light opening area. Furthermore, when the fresh air duct, exhaust air duct and their orifices or nozzles are located in the frame, it is possible to simplify the manufacture of the ventilation window from the manufacture of a ventilation window described in the applicant's secret Finnish patent application 20135214 .
When the ventilation device remains on the inside of the plane defined by the external edge of the frame when seen from the light opening area of the frame on the side of the ventilation device, it is not necessary to work an extra installation housing in a concrete body structure or it is not necessary to build an extra installation housing in a wooden body structure. In this way, it is possible to expedite the installation of the ventilation window.
When the ventilation device extends in the frame to a recess made in the frame on the outer edge of the frame when seen from the light opening area, it may be possible to better utilise the volume taken by the perimeter of the frame and/or to enable the accessibility of the ventilation device from the front of the ventilation window (in other words from the front of the ventilation window from the interior side) or from the back of the ventilation window (in other words from the front of the ventilation window from the exterior side).
When the ventilation device has been adapted or is installable so that it fits completely inside the frame, the volume of the frame can be utilised, and the intermediate space can be kept free from the ventilation device.
When the ventilation device has been installed or is installable in the recess made in the frame on the side of the light opening area so that it extends to the intermediate space, the ventilation device can be made to be bigger without essentially influencing the size of the light opening area.
When the ventilation device has been installed on the surface of the frame on the side of the light opening area, only the inlet ducts and outlet ducts may need to be worked in the frame. In this way, it is possible to utilise the intermediate space so as to place the ventilation device.
When the ventilation device extends to the intermediate space without covering the light opening area at all, the ventilation window does not reduce the size of the light opening area. This increases the light transmission capacity of the window at the edges of the light opening area. Moreover, the pane of the outer sash may be washable from the side of the intermediate space without having to remove the ventilation device.
When both the outer sash and the inner sash are fastened to the frame by means of at least two hinges, in which case it is possible to open the inner sash to the interior side when the ventilation device is installed into place and the outer sash has been arranged, when opened to the interior side, to avoid the ventilation device which is installed into place, a pane facing the exterior of the outer sash is washable from the inside of the building. Moreover, the parts of the outer sash on the side of the intermediate space can be maintained safely for example by painting or by replacing the seal between the frame and the outer sash.
When the ventilation device has a corner reduction at the corner of the intermediate space and the outer sash, at which corner reduction the protrusion of the ventilation device reduces in size towards the intermediate space, it is easier for the outer sash to avoid the ventilation device.
When the lengths of the arms of the hinges of the outer sash have been dimensioned so that the articulation of the hinges at the opening angles of the outer sash guides the outer sash to avoid the ventilation device, the outer sash can be opened normally to the inside for the washing and maintenance measures of the pane facing the exterior.
When the length of the frame-side arm of the hinges of the outer sash is most preferably 40 - 60%, most advantageously approximately one half, of the protrusion of the ventilation device from the surface of the frame on the side of the light opening area, it is possible to implement the hinging of the outer sashes so that the length of the arm of the hinge on the side of the frame does not essentially impair the functioning, carrying capacity and strength features of the hinge as compared to the use of ordinary hinges. As a rule, the length ratio of the arms has an impact on the opening arc of the outer sash. A longer frame-side part reduces the corner reduction and enables installation in narrower windows (in other words in smaller widths). On the other hand, a lengthening of the frame-side part takes the pivot point towards the light opening area, in which case the end of the outer sash on the side of the ventilation machine remains behind the pivot point and turns outward in connection with opening. On the outside of the sash, in turn, there is a facing frame sheet with seals. This prevents the pivot point from being taken too much towards the intermediate space. On the other hand, increasing the size of the shaft of the hinge on the side of the sash increases the rotational radius (cf. the Pythagorean theorem a²+b²=c²) of the sash, in which case increasing the size of the shaft too much results in that the outer sash does not have room to open but scrapes into contact with the surface of the lock-side frame on the side of the intermediate space. The above describes the conditions of the pivot point other than forces and moments. Ordinary hinges here mean hinges where the frame-side arm sinks, with the exception of the hinge fork, completely into the frame, or only a few millimetres of it remain outside. With an ordinary hinge, the arm on the side of the outer sash for the avoidance of the ventilation device should possibly be implemented as a longer arm, in which case it would bend more easily in connection with the washing of the outer side of the outer sash. It is also possible to implement the opening of the outer sash by means of a slide hinge/fitting to be installed in the upper sash and the lower sash.
When the ventilation window further comprises at least one filter influencing the fresh air duct and/or at least one filter influencing the exhaust air duct, it is possible to filter out at least some, and depending on the filter, even most or even almost all of the impurity or micro-organisms of air coming into the ventilation device, and it is possible to reduce the fouling of the ducts and the heat exchanger essentially. The filter(s) may, depending on its/their method of implementation, also attenuate the sound of the ventilation device or the travel of sound between the exterior and interior.
When at least one filter is detachable through an installation duct extending to the outer surface of the ventilation device or through an installation hatch that can be opened, the replacement, cleaning or removal of the filter in question is possible without special tools or special skills.
When the end of such installation duct or the installation hatch that can be opened remains behind the inner sash when the inner sash is closed and is accessible when the inner sash is open, the inner sash, when it is closed, conceals the filter from sight, protects the filter and complicates the unintentional or unwanted removal of the filter.
When there is a guideway or a guide in the installation duct, along which guideway or guide the filter is detachable by pulling, pushing, twisting or turning, it is possible to remove the filter and install it into place easily.
When at least one filter is an electrostatic filter, the filter does not need to be replaced, and it has no flow resistance. In this way, it is possible to increase the through-flow of the ventilation window, or, if the ventilation device comprises at least one blower, reduce the power required from the blower. In this way, it is possible to attenuate the operating sound of the blower(s) and at the same time possibly also improve the energy efficiency of the ventilation window and of the ventilation device integrated into it.
When the ventilation window further comprises both at least one blower arranged in connection with the fresh air duct and at least one blower arranged in connection with the exhaust air duct, it is possible to increase the volume flow produced by the ventilation window as compared to a situation where the ventilation window would have been implemented with natural ventilation. Blower here or in what follows means an axial blower or centrifugal blower.
The blower(s) is/are most preferably located in the ventilation device. In addition to this or alongside this, the blower(s) can be adjustable. In this way, it is possible to implement the adjustment of the volume flows at least partially by adjusting the blower(s).
If either one or both of the blowers has/have been placed in at least one sound insulation casing, which is/are most preferably of elastomer or contain(s) elastomer, it is possible to reduce the transmission of the sound and vibration of the blowers to the surrounding structures, in other words to attenuate the operating sound of the ventilation window.
When the ventilation window comprises a counter flow heat exchanger integrated into the ventilation device, in which counter flow heat exchanger the fresh air duct and the exhaust air duct intersect, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the ventilation window. In practice, it is possible to transmit and utilise the heat of exhaust air for the heating of fresh air at an efficiency of as high as 90%.
When the counter flow heat exchanger is elongated, it enables a better temperature efficiency.
In a prototype manufactured by the applicant, the length of an elongated counter flow heat exchanger is 45.5 cm, cross-sectional area is 60 cm² and the cross-sectional area of both the fresh air duct and the exhaust air duct is 20 cm². The elongated shape of the counter flow heat exchanger enables a good temperature efficiency and at the same time reduces or even completely eliminates the need for the post-heating of inlet air. On the other hand, the elongation of the counter flow heat exchanger increases the freezing risk of condensation water in a situation where the temperature of fresh air decreases below the freezing point of water. In other words, the length of the heat exchanger is a compromise between the two conditions mentioned above. In practice, the available space and the size of the frame also set the limits for the suitable sizes.
When the fresh air duct comprises at least two elongated segments, which run in opposite directions in respect of each other, and when one segment comprises a pre-heating duct of fresh air and when the segment after this in the flow direction comprises a duct of the counter flow heat exchanger, it is possible to pre-heat fresh air before the counter flow heat exchanger, and inlet air has a short distance to the room air from the counter flow heat exchanger. Moreover, a fresh air duct which comprises at least two segments and which runs so that it intersects the exhaust air duct in the counter flow heat exchanger attenuates sounds coming from the exterior side or direction to the interior (such sounds can be traffic noise, lawnmowers, leaf blowers, sounds of possible neighbours and passers-by, bird sounds and others, and, depending on the method of implementation, also the sound of the fan of a possible ventilation device). At the same time, it is possible to attenuate the sound carried from the interior side to the exterior.
When the pre-heating duct is located on the side of the intermediate space of the ventilation device, it is possible to utilise the heat of the intermediate space and possibly also the direct radiation heat of the sun in the pre-heating of fresh air. In this way, it is possible to prevent the sensation of draught. Moreover, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the heat exchanger of the ventilation window in this way.
When the pre-heating duct includes a sound attenuation arrangement, it is possible to attenuate sounds carried from the exterior side or direction to the interior and vice versa.
At its simplest, the sound attenuation arrangement can comprise a guide and attenuation material, with which the guide and/or the pre-heating duct are/is at least partially lined, it is possible to lengthen the distance travelled by sound, and it is possible to absorb it into the attenuation material.
In addition to this or as an alternative to this, the sound attenuation arrangement can comprise an active sound attenuation device, in which case it is possible to attenuate the frequencies of the sound of the pre-heating duct by means of so-called noise cancelling. The benefits of active sound attenuation over conventional passive attenuators are easier installation, smaller flow resistance and better sound attenuation at low frequencies.
A blower arranged in connection with the pre-heating duct can be placed before the pre-heating duct in the flow direction. In this way, it is possible to attenuate the sound of the blower, which sound is carried to the interior, by means of the sound attenuation arrangement.
When the exhaust air duct comprises at least two elongated segments, which run in opposite directions in respect of each other, and when one segment comprises a suction duct of exhaust air and the segment after this in the flow direction comprises a duct of the counter flow heat exchanger, the suction duct of exhaust air is used for bringing the outlet of waste air farther away from the inlet duct of fresh air, in which case it is possible to avoid the inappropriate mixing of different air qualities.
When the suction duct is located on the interior side of the ventilation device and/or on the side of the inner sash or intermediate space, it is possible to reduce the condensation of waste air before the heat exchanger. In this way, it is possible to increase the portion of condensation of waste air taking place in the heat exchanger. The accumulation of condensation water is better controllable in the heat exchanger.
When the suction duct includes a sound attenuation arrangement, it is possible to attenuate the sound carried from the interior side to the exterior. At the same time, it is also possible to attenuate the sound carried from the exterior side to the interior.
At its simplest, the sound attenuation arrangement can comprise a guide and attenuation material, with which the guide and/or the suction duct are/is at least partially lined, it is possible to lengthen the distance travelled by sound, and it is possible to absorb it into the attenuation material.
In addition to this or as an alternative to this, the sound attenuation arrangement can comprise an active sound attenuation device. It is possible to attenuate the frequencies of the sound of the suction duct by means of so-called noise cancelling. The benefits of active sound attenuation over conventional passive attenuators are easier installation, smaller flow resistance and better sound attenuation at low frequencies.
When the blower arranged in connection with the exhaust duct has been placed in the flow direction only after the exhaust duct, it is possible to attenuate the sound, which is carried from the blower to the interior, by means of the sound attenuation arrangement.
When the ventilation device has been installed or is installable inside the vertical frame or on the surface of the vertical frame on the side of the intermediate space, it is possible to utilise the vertical direction of the vertical frame in the ventilation device.
As stated above, the outer sash of the ventilation window can be fastened to the frame by means of hinges. In this case, the ventilation device is most preferably in a vertical position between two hinges, in which case no housings need to be made in the ventilation device for the hinges.
When the segment of the fresh air duct running in the duct of the counter flow heat exchanger runs from below upwards, it is possible to utilise the lightening that is the result of the expansion of heated air and its tendency to rise up, in other words thermal convection (this phenomenon is sometimes also called natural convection). In other words, by means of the vertical arrangement it is possible to use the thermal convection occurring in the ventilation device to contribute to the accomplishment of a volume flow. It is possible to increase the volume flow by utilising the thermal expansion or air and a phenomenon where heating air tends to rise up and cooling air tends to descend down. In this way, for example, it is possible to reduce the power required by the possible blowers or it is possible to increase the volume flow produced by them as compared to a horizontal arrangement (in other words that the ventilation device extending to the intermediate space would be located in the horizontal frame or on the surface of the horizontal frame).
When the segment of the exhaust air duct running in the duct of the counter flow heat exchanger runs from top downwards, it is possible to utilise thermal convection. In addition to this, it is also possible to utilise gravitation for removing condensation water, which forms from cooling air, out of the counter flow heat exchanger.
When the ventilation window further comprises in the flow direction to the exhaust air duct an outlet duct, which is in a drain connection to the exterior, after the duct of the counter flow heat exchanger for removing condensation water, it is possible to lead condensation water to the exterior. In this way, it is possible to avoid the collection of condensation water into a separate vessel or tank. Moreover, in this way it is not necessary to bring condensation water to the interior, as a result of which it is possible to avoid the need for a separate drain connection of the ventilation window.
When the outlet duct of the ventilation window comprises an outlet tube, and most preferably also a guide, such as a trough, inclined guide surfaces and/or a funnel, arranged to guide condensation water from the mouth of the duct of the counter flow heat exchanger to the direction of the internal mouth of the outlet tube, the controlled guiding away of condensation water from the ventilation window is possible. By choosing a suitable length of the outlet tube, it is possible to guide condensation water in a controlled manner to a desired distance from the surface of the external wall.
Most preferably, in connection with the outlet duct there is an arrangement for keeping condensation water melted, such as a trace heating cable installed in the outlet tube and trough, inclined guide surfaces and/or funnel, which arrangement most preferably is of or contains self-adjusting heating cable, the resistance of which is proportional to the temperature. By means of the arrangement for keeping condensation water melted, it is also possible to use the ventilation window in the winter, when the freezing of condensation water might disturb the functioning of the ventilation device. By means of a self-adjusting heating cable, it is possible to implement the control of the arrangement for keeping condensation water melted technically in a very simple manner and even without a separate control logic.
The ventilation window is most preferably implemented so that the fresh air duct runs over the entire distance between the inlet and outlet and the exhaust air duct runs over the entire distance between the inlet and outlet inside the ventilation device. In this way, the ventilation device forms a separate entity in the ventilation window, in which case it is possible to improve the tightness of the ventilation window and ventilation device and of the interfaces between them.

List of drawings

In what follows, the ventilation window is presented in more detail by means of the exemplary embodiments shown in the enclosed drawings FIG 1 - FIG 20. Of the drawings:

FIG 1: shows a perspective view of a ventilation window from the interior side, to which ventilation window a ventilation device has been installed;
FIG 2: shows a perspective view of a ventilation window shown in FIG 1 from the exterior side, to which ventilation window a ventilation device has been installed;
FIG 3: shows a ventilation window shown in FIG 1 viewed from the interior side directly from the front;
FIG 4: shows a ventilation window shown in FIG 1 viewed from the exterior side directly from the front;
FIG 5: shows a perspective view of the ventilation window shown in FIG 1 from the interior side, to which ventilation window a ventilation device, inner sash and outer sash have been installed, opened to the interior;
FIG 6: shows a horizontal section VI - VI shown in FIG 1;
FIG 7: shows a figure of the principle of the electric system;
FIG 8: shows a ventilation window shown in FIG 1 viewed from the interior side directly from the front when the inner sash has been removed;
FIG 9: shows a detail IX of the hinge of the outer sash shown in FIG 8;
FIG 10: shows a detail X of the hinge of the outer sash shown in FIG 8;
FIG 11: shows the ventilation device viewed from the direction of the ducts on the exterior side;
FIG 12: shows a horizontal section XII - XII of the ventilation device shown in FIG 11;
FIG 13: shows a vertical section XIII - XIII of the ventilation device shown in FIG 11;
FIG 14: shows a vertical section XIV - XIV of the ventilation device shown in FIG 11;
FIG 15: shows a vertical section XV - XV of the ventilation device shown in FIG 13;
FIG 16: shows a vertical section XVI - XVI of the ventilation device shown in FIG 13;
FIG 17: shows an exploded figure of the ventilation device shown in FIG 11 viewed from the direction of the cover plate from the left diagonally from the top;
FIG 18: shows an exploded figure of the ventilation device shown in FIG 11 viewed from the direction of the back plate from the left diagonally from the top;
FIG 19: shows a perspective view of an example of the implementation of the sound insulation of longitudinal transmission ducts; and
FIG 20: shows a horizontal section XX - XX of the hinge shown in FIG 8.

The same reference numbers refer to the same technical characteristics in all drawings.

Detailed description of the invention

FIG 1 and FIG 2 show a perspective view of a ventilation window 1, to which a ventilation device 50 has been installed.
The ventilation window 1 comprises a frame 2. In addition to this, the ventilation window 1 comprises an outer sash 4 arranged in connection with the frame 2, to which outer sash 4 at least one pane 6 is fastened, and an inner sash 3 arranged in connection with the frame 2, to which inner sash 3 at least one pane 5 is fastened. The ventilation window 1 can have frame lining 9 to cover the frame 2 and the outer sash 4 from the exterior U side.
The outer sash 4 and the inner sash 3 are fastened to the frame 2 or one of the sashes 3, 4 is fastened to the frame 2 and the other sash 3, 4 is fastened to a sash fastened to the frame 2.
In this way, an intermediate space 10 remains between the outer sash 4 and the inner sash 3. The outer sash 4 and the inner sash 3 together define the light opening area 7.
The structure and functioning of the ventilation device 50 are presented in more detail below in connection with FIG 11 - 18. The structure and functioning of the fresh air duct fresh air duct and the exhaust air duct are illustrated in FIG 13 and 14.
The ventilation window 1 further comprises a ventilation device 50, which has been installed or is installable inside the frame 2 or on the surface of the frame 2 on the side of the intermediate space 10, which ventilation device 50 extends to the intermediate space 10 and which further comprises at least one fresh air duct, which may comprise at least two elongated segments, namely a pre-heating duct 65 and a fresh air duct 62A of a counter flow heat exchanger 62 for leading fresh air 20 from the exterior U to the ventilation device 50 through at least one inlet 51 such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame 2 on the exterior U side and from the ventilation device 50 further to the interior S as inlet air 21 through at least one outlet 52 such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame 2 on the interior S side.
The expression pre-heating duct 65 means above and in what follows a duct where the distance between the inlet 51 of fresh air 20 and the outlet 54 of waste air 23 is increased above and below the counter flow heat exchanger 62. In practice, the air flow warms up at least a little in the pre-heating duct.
Said two elongated segments, in other words the pre-heating duct 65 and the fresh air duct 62A of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 most preferably run in opposite directions in respect of each other. The pre-heating duct 65 of fresh air 20 is in the flow direction first, and the fresh air duct 62A of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 is in the flow direction after this, in other words later.
The ventilation of the fresh air duct is mechanised preferably by arranging a blower 64 in connection with the pre-heating duct 65. The blower 64 is placed most preferably in the flow direction before the pre-heating duct 65.
In addition to this, the ventilation window 1 comprises at least one exhaust air duct, which can comprise at least two elongated segments, namely a suction duct 66 and an exhaust air duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 for leading exhaust air 22 from the interior S to the ventilation device 50 through at least one inlet 53 such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame 2 on the interior S side and from the ventilation device 50 further to the exterior U as waste air 23 through at least one outlet 54 such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame 2 on the exterior U side.
Said two elongated segments, the suction duct 66 and the exhaust air duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 most preferably run in opposite directions in respect of each other. The suction duct 66 of exhaust air 22 is in the flow direction first, and the exhaust air duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 is in the flow direction after this, in other words later.
The ventilation of the exhaust air duct is mechanised preferably by arranging a blower 63 in connection with the suction duct 66. The exhaust air blower 63 is most preferably placed only after the exhaust duct 66, however, before the exhaust air duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62.
The ventilation device 50 can remain on the inside of the plane R defined by the external edge of the frame 2 when seen from the light opening area 7 of the frame 2 on the side of the ventilation device 50. In particular, the ventilation device 50 can extend in the frame 2 to a recess located in the frame 2 on the outer edge of the frame 2 when seen from the light opening area 7.
The ventilation device 50 can be adapted or is installable so that it fits completely inside the frame 2.
However, the ventilation device 50 has most preferably been installed or is installable in a recess 14 made in the frame 2 on the side of the light opening area 7 so that it extends to the intermediate space 10, or on the surface of the frame 2 on the side of the light opening area 7.
By dimensioning the ventilation device 50 suitably, it is possible to implement the ventilation window 1 so that the ventilation device 50 extends to the intermediate space 10 without covering the light opening area 7 at all.
The outer sash 4 and the inner sash 3 of the ventilation window 1 that can be opened are both most preferably fastened to the frame 2 by means of at least two hinges 8, in which case it is possible to open the inner sash 3 to the interior S side when the ventilation device 50 is installed into place and the outer sash 4 has been arranged, when opened to the interior S side, to avoid the ventilation device 50 which is installed into place.
The corner joints of the frame lining 9 can be cut straight or with a mitre cut. Fresh air 20 is taken inside from the exterior U through the inlet 51 located at the upper part of the vertical frame 2 of the ventilation window 1, and inlet air 21 is brought to the interior S through the outlet 52 located at the upper part of the vertical frame 2. Exhaust air 22 is taken from the interior S through the inlet 53 located at the lower part of the frame 2, and waste air 23 is taken out through the outlet 54.
FIG 3 and FIG 4 show the ventilation window 1 directly from the front from the interior and directly from the front from the exterior. The ventilation device 50 remains behind the sashes 3 and 4, outside the light opening area 7 defined by them. The light opening area 7 of the ventilation window 1 does not essentially change in relation to the light opening area 7 as compared to a ventilation window 1 where there is no ventilation device 50 installed. The reference line R defines most preferably that extreme plane, to the side of which frame the ventilation window 1 or the ventilation device 50 are limited in full.
FIG 5 shows a perspective view of the ventilation window 1, the inner sash 3 and the outer sash 4 of which are opened inwards, and where the ventilation device 50 has been installed on the hinge side of the inner sash 3 and the outer sash 4. When the inner sash 3 is opened, filters 56 of the ventilation device 50 are accessible and removable. The corner reduction 69 of the ventilation device 50 and the hinges 8 of the outer sash (see FIG 9 and FIG 10) are made to enable the opening of the outer sash 4 inwards when the ventilation device 50 is installed into place. The corner reduction 69, which is most preferably at the corner on the side of the intermediate space 10 of the ventilation device 50 and the outer sash 4, can be for example a radius or a bevel. In other words, the protrusion of the ventilation device 50 to the direction of the intermediate space 10 is reduced in size at the corner reduction 69.
FIG 6 shows a horizontal cross-section VI - VI of the ventilation window 1 at the ventilation device 50. The ventilation device 50 is partly embedded in the recess 14 made in the frame 2 and fastened to the frame 2. The ventilation device 50 extends to the intermediate space 10 arranged between the inner sash 3 and the outer sash 4, between hinges 8 located on top of each other. The distance between the hinge 8 and the ventilation device is 20 mm, or most preferably 10 - 50 mm. It is important that the distance to the recess 14 (installation opening) of the ventilation window 1 is sufficiently large so that the frame 2 can withstand the weight of the sashes 4, 5 and panes 5, 6. In large ventilation windows 1, there can be more hinges 8 per sash 3, 4 on the basis of the size and weight of the window (for example 3 - 6 hinges or even more).
The cover plate 59 of the ventilation device 50 preferably remains outside the light opening area 7 between the frame 2 and the light opening area 7. The inlet 53 of exhaust air 22 has been installed in the frame 2.
A power supply and data cable 83 is taken into the ventilation window 1 most preferably through the inlet 53. On the exterior U side, the gap between the frame 2 and the outer sash 4 is covered by frame lining 9. The counter flow heat exchanger 62 has been placed in the ventilation device 50 to the edge on the side of the frame 2 and the outer sash 4. The fresh air duct 62A of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 and the exhaust air duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 intersect in the counter flow heat exchanger 62.
The corner reduction 69 is made in the cover plate 59 of the ventilation device 50 at the corner on the side of the outer sash 4 and the light opening area 7.
FIG 7 shows a perspective view of an electric system 80 detached from the ventilation device 50. The electric system 80 comprises a user interface/panel 81, circuit board 82, power supply and data cable 83, power cable 84 of the blower, trace heating cable 85, CO₂ sensor cable 86 and temperature sensor cable 87.
FIG 8 shows the ventilation window 1 viewed directly from the front from the interior S side when the ventilation device 50 is installed into place and the inner sash 3 has been removed. The ventilation device 50 has been installed most preferably between hinges 8 of the outer sash 4 located on top of each other. When the outer sash 3 is removed (and when the inner sash 3 is opened), the filters 56 are visible and accessible for measures.
FIG 9 shows a detail IX of the ventilation window 1 and FIG 10 shows a detail X (cf. FIG 8). FIG 20 shows a section XX - XX of the ventilation window 1 (cf. FIG 8).
The articulation 11 of the hinge 8, most preferably a bolt hinge, is most preferably arranged so that the distance a of the arm 12 of the hinge 8 from the outer sash 4 as well as the distance b of the arm 13 of the hinge 8 from the surface of the frame 2 enable that the outer sash 4, when it turns open to the interior S, avoids the ventilation device 50 which is installed into place. In a prototype built by the applicant, the length a of the frame-side arm 12 is 22 mm, most preferably 15 - 35 mm, and the length b of the sash-side arm 13 is 27 mm, most preferably 15 - 35 mm (lengths a and b are disclosed in the section XX - XX shown in FIG 20). In other words, the articulation 11 of the hinges 8 at the opening angles of the outer sash guides the outer sash 4 to avoid the ventilation device 50, however, most preferably together with the corner reduction 69.
Most preferably, the length b of the frame-side arm 12 is 40 - 60%, most advantageously approximately one half of the protrusion of the ventilation device 50 from the surface on the side of the light opening area 7 of the frame 2.
The ventilation device 50 extends to the intermediate space 10. In this case, it remains most preferably between the light opening area 7 and the frame 2.
Both the fresh air duct and the exhaust air duct can have at least one filter 56 influencing the duct in question. The filter 56 or filters are most preferably serviceable when the inner sash 3 is opened or removed.
The filter 56 or filters are most preferably detachable through an installation duct 73 extending to the outer surface of the ventilation device 50 or through an installation hatch that can be opened. This is best accomplished when the end of the installation duct 73 or the installation hatch that can be opened remains behind the inner sash 3 when the inner sash 3 is closed and is accessible when the inner sash 3 is open. For this purpose, there can be a guideway 74 or a guide in the installation duct 73, in which case the filter 56 is installed in the guideway 74 of the installation duct 73.
The filter 56 is detachable along the guideway 74 by pulling, pushing, twisting or turning.
The filter 56 can be an electrostatic filter.
FIG 11 shows the ventilation window 1 viewed from the direction of the fresh air nozzle 51. The nozzle of the inlet 51 of fresh air 20 and the outlet 54 of waste air 23 are on the side which is against the outer sash 4. The outlet tube 55 is fastened to the outlet 54 by means of a fastening element 72 such as a screw.
FIG 12 shows a horizontal section XII - XII of the ventilation window 1 (cf. FIG 11). The corner reduction 69 of the ventilation device 50 is made at the corner of the fresh air nozzle 51 and the cover plate 59. The corner reduction 69 can be a radius or a bevel. In the prototype, the radius of the corner reduction 69 is 25 mm, most preferably 20 - 30 mm, corresponding to the protrusion in the direction of the radius of the ventilation device 50 used from the plane of the articulation 11. Most preferably, no corner reduction 69 is needed at all. The suction duct 66 of the ventilation device 50 is located in the ventilation device 50 on the interior S side of the ventilation window 1, and the pre-heating duct 67 is located in the ventilation device 50 on the side of the intermediate space 10 of the ventilation window 1 or on the side of the inner sash 3.
The counter flow heat exchanger 62 is located most preferably at the corner on the side of the frame 2 and the outer sash 4. The fresh air duct 62A of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 and the exhaust air duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 intersect in the counter flow heat exchanger 62.
FIG 13 shows a longitudinal cross-section XIII - XIII (cf. FIG 11) of the ventilation device 50, and FIG 14 shows a longitudinal cross-section XIV - XIV (cf. FIG 11) of the ventilation device 50. FIG 15 shows a longitudinal cross-section XV - XV (cf. FIG 13) of the ventilation device 50, and FIG 16 shows a longitudinal cross-section XVI - XVI (cf. FIG 13) of the ventilation device 50.
Fresh air 20 is sucked into the ventilation device 50 by means of an inlet air blower 64. The inlet air blower 64 has been installed in a sound insulation casing 68. Fresh air 20 travels through the filter 56 to the inlet air blower 64, which blows it along the longitudinal pre-heating duct 65 located under the cover plate 59 to the other end of the ventilation device 50, from where it travels to the fresh air duct 62A of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 and from where inlet air 21 is blown to the interior S through the outlet 52.
Exhaust air 22 is sucked into the ventilation device 50 by means of an exhaust air blower 63. The exhaust air blower 63 has most preferably been installed in a sound insulation casing 68, which can be for example of elastomer or contain elastomer.
Exhaust air 22 travels through the filter 56 to the exhaust air blower 63, which sucks it along the longitudinal exhaust air duct 66 on the side of the inner sash 3 to the other end of the ventilation device 50, from where it travels to the exhaust air duct 62B of the heat exchanger 62, and from where waste air 23 exits to the exterior U through the outlet 54.
The temperature of waste air 23 is lower than the temperature of exhaust air 22 when air cools in the exhaust air duct. Most of the cooling of air is intended to be arranged inside the counter flow heat exchanger 62. When air condenses, it can bind less moisture. Water condensing from the condensing exhaust air 22 inside the counter flow heat exchanger 62, in other words condensation water, exits through the outlet duct 77 to the exterior U, for example through an outlet tube 55.
In addition to the outlet tube 55, the outlet duct 77 can also comprise a guide 75, such as a trough, inclined guide surfaces and/or a funnel, arranged to guide condensation water from the mouth of the duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 to the direction of the internal mouth 55A of the outlet tube 55.
In connection with the outlet duct 77 there can be an arrangement for keeping condensation water melted, such as a trace heating cable 85 installed in the outlet tube 55 and possibly also in the guide 75, trough, inclined guide surfaces and/or funnel, which arrangement most preferably is of or contains self-adjusting heating cable, the resistance of which is proportional to the temperature.
Moreover, the fresh air duct and the exhaust air duct are arranged to attenuate sound and to enable the use of the counter flow heat exchanger 62. In the longitudinal segments of the ducts, in other words in the pre-heating duct 65 and in the suction duct 66, it is possible to preferably use a sound attenuation structure of the kind presented in FIG 19, where both the pre-heating duct 65 and the suction duct 66 contain a longitudinal guide 70, which together with the other walls of said duct 65, 66 is coated or at least partially coated with attenuation material 71. The attenuation material 71 is most preferably of polyester wool, open cell rubber or open cell plastic.
FIG 17 and FIG 18 show exploded figure views of the ventilation device 50 both from the direction of the cover plate (FIG 17) and from the direction of the back plate (FIG 18). The ventilation device 50 comprises a body housing 57, back plate 58, cover plate 59, protective plates 60 and 61, inlet 51 of fresh air duct, outlet 52 of fresh air duct, inlet 53 of exhaust air duct, outlet 54 of exhaust air duct, filters 56 and installation duct 73 of filter 56, guideways 74, outlet tube 55, counter flow heat exchanger 62, exhaust air blower 63, inlet air blower 64, sound insulation casing 67 of inlet air blower 64, sound insulation casing 68 of exhaust air blower 63, corner reduction 69, attenuation material of guide 70, 71, fastening element 72, longitudinal fresh air duct 65, longitudinal exhaust air duct 66 and electric system 80.
The ventilation device 50 has most preferably been installed or is installable inside the vertical frame or on the surface of the vertical frame on the side of the intermediate space 10. The outer sash 4 can be fastened to said vertical frame by means of hinges 8. In this case, the ventilation device 50 is most preferably in a vertical position between two hinges 8.
Most preferably, the segment of the fresh air duct of the ventilation window 1 running in the fresh air duct 62A of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 runs from below upwards and the segment of the exhaust air duct running in the exhaust air duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62 runs from top downwards.
In the above-presented ventilation device 50, the fresh air duct (in particular including the pre-heating duct 65 and the fresh air duct 62A of the counter flow heat exchanger 62) runs over the entire distance between the inlet 51 and outlet 52 and the exhaust air duct (in particular including the suction duct 66 and the exhaust air duct 62B of the counter flow heat exchanger 62) runs over the entire distance between the inlet 53 and outlet 54 inside the ventilation device 50.
As an alternative to this, part of the fresh air duct and/or of the exhaust air duct can be implemented by taking it/them for a part of the distance in question in the frame structure 2, in some sash 3, 4 or in some sashes 3, 4 or in any combination of these.

List of reference numbers used:

R: plane defined by the external edge of frame
U: exterior
S: interior
1: ventilation window
2: frame
3: inner sash
4: outer sash
5: pane
6: pane
7: light opening area
8: outer sash hinge
9: frame lining
10: intermediate space
11: articulation
12: arm
13: arm
14: recess
20: fresh air
21: inlet air
22: exhaust air
23: waste air
50: ventilation device
51: inlet
52: outlet
53: inlet
54: outlet
55: outlet tube
55A: mouth
55B: mouth
56: filter
57: body housing
58: back plate
59: cover plate
60: protective plate
61: protective plate
62: counter flow heat exchanger
62A: fresh air duct of counter flow heat exchanger
62B: exhaust air duct of counter flow heat exchanger
63: exhaust air blower
64: inlet air blower
65: pre-heating duct
66: suction duct
67: sound insulation casing
68: sound insulation casing
69: corner reduction
70: guide
71: attenuation material
72: fastening element
73: installation duct
74: guideway
75: guide
77: outlet duct
80: electric system
81: user interface/panel
82: circuit board
83: power supply and data cable
84: power cable of blower
85: trace heating cable
86: CO₂ sensor cable
87: temperature sensor cable

Claims

A ventilation window (1) comprising:
- a frame (2);

- an outer sash (4) arranged in connection with the frame (2), to which outer sash (4) at least one pane (6) is fastened;

- an inner sash (3) arranged in connection with the frame (2), to which inner sash (3) at least one pane (5) is fastened; and
where the outer sash (4) and the inner sash (3) are fastened to the frame (2) or one of the sashes (3, 4) is fastened to the frame (2) and the other sash (3, 4) is fastened to a sash (3, 4) fastened to the frame (2) so that an intermediate space (10) has been arranged between the outer sash (4) and the inner sash (3); and wherein: the ventilation window (1) comprises a ventilation device (50), which has been installed or is installable inside the frame (2) or on the surface of the frame (2) on the side of the intermediate space (10), which ventilation device (50) extends to the intermediate space (10) and which further comprises:
- at least one fresh air duct (65, 62A) for leading fresh air (20) from the exterior (U) to the ventilation device (50) through at least one inlet (51) such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame (2) on the exterior (U) side and from the ventilation device (50) further to the interior (S) as inlet air (21) through at least one outlet (52) such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame (2) on the interior (S) side; and

- at least one exhaust air duct (66, 62B) for leading exhaust air (22) from the interior (S) to the ventilation device (50) through at least one inlet (53) such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame (2) on the interior (S) side and from the ventilation device (50) further to the exterior (U) as waste air (23) through at least one outlet (54) such as an orifice or nozzle located in the frame (2) on the exterior (U) side.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation device (50) remains on the inside of the plane (R) defined by the external edge of the frame (2) when seen from the light opening area (7) of the frame (2) on the side of the ventilation device (50).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 2, wherein the ventilation device (50) extends in the frame (1) to a recess located on the outer edge of the frame (2) when seen from the light opening area (7).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ventilation device (50) has been adapted or is installable so that it fits completely inside the frame (2).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ventilation device (50) has been installed or is installable in a recess (14) made in the frame (2) on the side of the light opening area (7) so that it extends to the intermediate space (10) .
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ventilation device (50) has been installed on the surface of the frame (2) on the side of the light opening area (7).
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, where the ventilation device (50) extends to the intermediate space (10) without covering the light opening area (7) at all.
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer sash (4) and the inner sash (3) are both fastened to the frame (2) by means of at least two hinges (8), in which case it is possible to open the inner sash (3) to the interior (S) side when the ventilation device (50) is installed into place and the outer sash (4) has been arranged, when opened to the interior (S) side, to avoid the ventilation device (50) which is installed into place.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 8, wherein the ventilation device (50) further has a corner reduction (69) at the corner of the intermediate space (10) and the outer sash (4), at which corner reduction (69) the protrusion of the ventilation device (50) reduces in size towards the intermediate space (10).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the lengths (a, b) of the arms (12, 13) of the hinges (8) of the outer sash (4) have been dimensioned so that the articulation (11) of the hinges (8) at the opening angles of the outer sash (4) guides the outer sash (4) to avoid the ventilation device (50) .
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 10, wherein the length (b) of the frame-side arm (12) of the hinges (8) of the outer sash (4) is most preferably 40 - 60%, most advantageously approximately one half of the protrusion of the ventilation device (50) from the surface of the frame (2) on the side of the light opening area (7).
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, which further comprises at least one filter (56) influencing the fresh air duct (65, 62A) and/or at least one filter (56) influencing the exhaust air duct (66, 62B).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 12, wherein at least one filter (56) is detachable through an installation duct (73) extending to the outer surface of the ventilation device (50) or through an installation hatch that can be opened.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 13, wherein the end of the installation duct (73) or the installation hatch that can be opened remains behind the inner sash (3) when the inner sash (3) is closed and is accessible when the inner sash (3) is opened.
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the claims 13 - 14, wherein there is a guideway (74) or a guide in the installation duct (73), along which guideway (74) or guide the filter (56) is detachable by pulling, pushing, twisting or turning.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 12, wherein at least one filter (56) is electrostatic.
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, which further comprises both at least one blower (64) arranged in connection with the fresh air duct (65, 62A) and at least one blower (63) arranged in connection with the exhaust air duct (66, 62B).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 17, wherein either one or both of the blowers (63, 64) has/have been placed in at least one sound insulation casing (67, 68), which is most preferably of elastomer or contains elastomer.
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, which further comprises a counter flow heat exchanger (62) integrated into the ventilation device (50), in which counter flow heat exchanger (62) the fresh air duct (65, 62A) and the exhaust air duct (66, 62B) intersect.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 19, wherein the counter flow heat exchanger (62) is elongated.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 20, wherein the fresh air duct (65, 62A) comprises at least two elongated segments, which run in opposite directions in respect of each other, and where one segment comprises a pre-heating duct (65) of fresh air (20) and the segment after this in the flow direction comprises a fresh air duct (62A) of the counter flow heat exchanger (62).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 21, wherein the pre-heating duct (65) is located on the side of the intermediate space (7) of the ventilation device (50).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the pre-heating duct (65) includes a sound attenuation arrangement.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 23, wherein the sound attenuation arrangement comprises a guide (70) and attenuation material (71), with which the guide (70) and/or the pre-heating duct (65) are/is at least partially lined.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the sound attenuation arrangement comprises an active sound attenuation device.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 17 or 18 and any one of the claims 21 - 25, wherein a blower (64) arranged in connection with the pre-heating duct (65) has been placed in the flow direction before the pre-heating duct (65).
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the claims 19 - 26, wherein the exhaust air duct (66, 62B) comprises at least two elongated segments, which run in opposite directions in respect of each other, and where one segment comprises a suction duct (66) of exhaust air (22) and the segment after this in the flow direction comprises an exhaust air duct (62B) of the counter flow heat exchanger (62).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 27, wherein the suction duct (66) is located on the interior (S) side of the ventilation device (50) and/or on the side of the inner sash (3) or intermediate space (10).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 27 or 28, wherein the suction duct (66) includes a sound attenuation arrangement.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 23, wherein the sound attenuation arrangement comprises a guide (70) and attenuation material (71), with which the guide (70) and/or the suction duct (66) are/is at least partially lined.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 29 or 30, wherein the sound attenuation arrangement comprises an active sound attenuation device.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 17 or 18 and any one of the claims 27-31, wherein a blower (63) arranged in connection with the exhaust duct (66) has been placed in the flow direction only after the exhaust duct (66).
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ventilation device (50) has been installed or is installable inside the vertical frame or on the surface of the vertical frame on the side of the intermediate space (10).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 33, wherein the outer sash (4) has been fastened to the frame (2) by means of hinges (8), and where the ventilation device (50) is in a vertical direction between two hinges.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 33 or 34, claim 19 or 20, and in addition to these also according to any one of the claims 21 - 26, wherein the segment of the fresh air duct (65, 62A) running in the duct (62A) of the counter flow heat exchanger (62) runs from below upwards.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 33 or 34, claim 19 or 20, and in addition to these also according to any one of the claims 27 - 32, alternatively also according to claim 35, wherein the segment of the exhaust air duct (66, 62B) running in the duct (62B) of the counter flow heat exchanger (62) runs from top downwards.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 36, which ventilation window (1) further comprises in the flow direction to the exhaust air duct (66, 62B) an outlet duct, which is in a drain connection to the exterior (U), after the duct (62B) of the counter flow heat exchanger (62) for removing condensation water.
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 37, wherein the outlet duct (55) comprises an outlet tube (55), and most preferably also a guide (75), such as a trough, inclined guide surfaces and/or a funnel, arranged to guide condensation water from the mouth of the duct (62B) of the counter flow heat exchanger (62) to the direction of the internal mouth (55A) of the outlet tube (55).
A ventilation window (1) according to claim 37 or 38, wherein in connection with the outlet duct there is an arrangement for keeping condensation water melted, such as a trace heating cable (85) installed in the outlet tube (55) and trough, inclined guide surfaces and/or funnel, which arrangement most preferably is of or contains self-adjusting heating cable, the resistance of which is proportional to the temperature.
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fresh air duct (65, 62A) runs over the entire distance between the inlet (51) and outlet (52) and the exhaust air duct (66, 62B) runs over the entire distance between the inlet (53) and outlet (54) inside the ventilation device (50).
A ventilation window (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the counter flow heat exchanger (62) of the ventilation device (50) has been replaced with a heat exchanger of another type, such as a cross flow heat exchanger or a heat exchanger with a rotating cell.