EP3185994A1 - Dispositif de purification, utilisation d'un dispositif de purification et procédé pour la purification d'un flux de gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Dispositif de purification, utilisation d'un dispositif de purification et procédé pour la purification d'un flux de gaz d'échappement

Info

Publication number
EP3185994A1
EP3185994A1 EP15756380.0A EP15756380A EP3185994A1 EP 3185994 A1 EP3185994 A1 EP 3185994A1 EP 15756380 A EP15756380 A EP 15756380A EP 3185994 A1 EP3185994 A1 EP 3185994A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
cleaning device
separation
gas stream
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15756380.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erhard Rieder
Martin Schröter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Systems AG
Original Assignee
Duerr Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102014112419.7A external-priority patent/DE102014112419A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102015208029.3A external-priority patent/DE102015208029A1/de
Application filed by Duerr Systems AG filed Critical Duerr Systems AG
Publication of EP3185994A1 publication Critical patent/EP3185994A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/343—Heat recovery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/65—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology

Definitions

  • Cleaning device use of a cleaning device and method for cleaning an exhaust gas stream
  • the present invention relates to a cleaning device by means of which an exhaust gas stream cleaned and a in the exhaust stream and / or in the
  • Cleaning device contained latent heat of vaporization can be harnessed.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a cleaning device, which is simple in construction, enables efficient exhaust gas purification, makes available the latent heat of vaporization contained in it and provides the resulting condensate for further use.
  • a cleaning device for purifying an exhaust stream wherein the cleaning device is a separation device for separating particles from the exhaust stream, for removing acidic components from the exhaust stream and / or for the catalytic conversion of at least one pollutant, in particular a noxious gas from the Exhaust gas flow and / or a
  • Heat of evaporation and / or a condensate of the water vapor from the exhaust stream comprises.
  • process engineering process stages are connected in series with specific function to separate different emissions components to convert and / or render harmless.
  • process steps may include, for example, filtration, adsorption, absorption, scrubbing, thermal or catalytic oxidation, and / or non-catalytic or catalytic reduction.
  • process temperature may be provided for different process stages.
  • particles in this specification and the appended claims are solid, liquid and / or gaseous impurities in the
  • Solid and / or liquid impurities are preferably deposited by means of the deposition device, in particular filtered and / or condensed.
  • Gaseous impurities which are preferably deposited by means of the deposition device, in particular filtered and / or condensed.
  • a noxious gas of the exhaust stream are preferably catalytically reacted by means of the deposition, that is chemically converted, preferably in less harmful substances.
  • pollutants are substances or mixtures of substances which can be harmful to humans, animals, plants or other organisms as well as entire ecosystems. Damage can result from ingestion of the pollutants by the organisms or entry into an ecosystem or its biomass.
  • a substance is considered to be harmful by its action on an ecosystem, for example, from microbes to plants, animals and humans.
  • a pollutant is especially a harmful substance in the true sense of the word, if its amount and / or concentration is above the statutory limits.
  • the cleaning device comprises a supply device for supplying an additive to the exhaust stream to be cleaned.
  • a feeding device is in particular in particular an adding device or introduction device, by means of which one or more additives can be supplied to the exhaust gas flow.
  • one or more additives can be introduced, injected and / or injected into the exhaust gas stream.
  • the supply device comprises a nozzle grid or another injection device by means of which one or more additives can be supplied to the exhaust gas flow over a large area and / or at points.
  • a supply device comprises, for example, a plurality of nozzles arranged in the form of a matrix, which are arranged distributed uniformly, in particular, in a plane extending perpendicular to a flow direction of the exhaust gas flow.
  • the supply device comprises one or more inflow devices, by means of which one or more additives transversely, in particular perpendicular, to a
  • Flow direction of the exhaust stream can be introduced into the exhaust stream.
  • the delivery device preferably further comprises a mixing device or preferably further forms a mixing device.
  • the mixing device are preferably one or more additives and / or the exhaust gas of the exhaust stream mixed together.
  • the mixing device may comprise, for example, a mixing chamber in which one or more additives and / or the exhaust gas of the exhaust gas stream are mixable with each other or mixed together.
  • one or more swirling devices and / or mixing elements can be provided in the mixing chamber for this purpose.
  • One or more mixing elements are designed, for example, as a mixing wheel or cell wheel.
  • mixing elements formed as baffle plates, swirl generators and / or turbulence generators may be provided.
  • an ammonia-containing and / or lime-containing and / or another additive suitable as a reducing agent can be fed to the exhaust gas stream.
  • an ammonia-air mixture or aqueous ammonia can be fed to the exhaust gas stream by means of the feed device, in particular for selective catalytic denitrification (SCR DeNOx).
  • SCR DeNOx selective catalytic denitrification
  • a nitrogen oxide measurement is carried out by means of a measuring device at an outlet of the cleaning device.
  • a measuring device at an outlet of the cleaning device.
  • a lime-containing additive is, for example, an aqueous lime solution.
  • Kalkinjetation be provided for dry desulfurization.
  • Exhaust gas flow is measured.
  • an amount of the added additive may preferably be controlled and / or regulated.
  • the additive is in particular a sorbent.
  • An additive is in particular a pure substance or a mixture, a
  • Dispersion an emulsion and / or a solution of several additives, wherein the components of the mixtures, dispersions, emulsions and / or solutions may be solid, liquid and / or gaseous.
  • Additive at least one provided in the cleaning device and / or acting on the exhaust stream deposition, cleaning and / or conversion process favors, supports and / or is necessary for this.
  • a control device For controlling and / or regulating the amount of added additive, a control device is preferably provided.
  • the control device is preferably set up and designed such that the amount of added additive can be controlled and / or regulated by the control device as a function of a measured pollutant amount and / or concentration, in particular nitrogen oxide amount and / or sulfur oxide amount, in particular a comparison of upstream and downstream of the cleaning device detected actual values with predetermined target values.
  • a measured pollutant amount and / or concentration in particular nitrogen oxide amount and / or sulfur oxide amount, in particular a comparison of upstream and downstream of the cleaning device detected actual values with predetermined target values.
  • Sour gas component concentrations (SO x , HCl, %) were determined and compared.
  • the separation device By means of the separation device, it is possible for a solids content to be separated from the exhaust gas stream.
  • the separation device can be, for example, a catalyst separation device, in particular a catalyst separation device for the conversion of nitrogen oxides and
  • the separation device preferably comprises one or more separation elements.
  • One or more separation elements are preferably designed as filter elements.
  • a filter element is in particular a surface filter or a depth filter.
  • deposition preferably takes place by an addition of particles to be separated on a filter cake, which forms on the filter.
  • the actual deposition effect preferably results from the incorporation of the particles to be separated into the filter element.
  • one or more separating elements are preferably provided, which are designed as electrostatic precipitators, cyclone separators, wet scrubbers and / or water separators.
  • One or more separation elements of the separation device are preferably designed as filter cartridges.
  • a separating element in particular a filter element, preferably a filter candle, is preferably a hollow cylinder-shaped, in particular hollow-cylindrical, element.
  • Star surfaces have the advantage of providing larger shell surfaces on the separation element.
  • a separation element is preferably formed closed on one side.
  • it may be provided that one end of a hollow cylindrical, in particular hollow cylindrical, element is closed, while the other end is open.
  • a separating element can preferably be flowed through in the radial direction with respect to a longitudinal axis and / or axis of symmetry from outside to inside with an exhaust gas stream to be cleaned.
  • a closed end of a separation element preferably projects into a raw gas space of a separation chamber of the separation device.
  • An open end of a separation element preferably faces a clean gas space of a separation chamber of the separation device.
  • An interior of a separation element, in particular a hollow cylindrical, for example hollow cylindrical, element, is preferably open to a clean gas space of the deposition chamber.
  • the separation device comprises one or more separation elements which have a basic body.
  • the main body is preferably provided with one or more coatings.
  • the base body is provided with one or more fillings.
  • the main body is preferably a dimensionally stable component, which predetermines a basic shape of a separating element.
  • the main body preferably forms a support structure or a carrier for further constituents of the precipitation element, in particular for one or more coatings and / or one or more fillings.
  • the base body is at least partially gas-permeable.
  • openings may be provided in the base body, which arise in particular due to the macroscopic shape of the base body.
  • the base body can be at least partially permeable to gas due to the material, for example, such a material-related gas permeability can result in an open-pore or open-cell material.
  • a coating in this description and the appended claims is to be understood in particular as meaning that an inner and / or outer surface of the base body is provided with an additional material (coating material).
  • a gas permeability of the body is preferably not limited thereto.
  • a gas-permeable, for example open-pore or open-cell, structure of the main body can preferably be retained.
  • a filling is in particular a partial or complete filling a cavity of the body to understand.
  • a gas permeability of the base body is prevented, unless the filler itself is gas-permeable.
  • a coating can form a protective layer.
  • a coating may comprise polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and / or polyamide (PA) or may consist of one or more of the materials mentioned.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PA polyamide
  • Coating the body is provided with a protective layer formed as a coating and / or one or more fillings.
  • the main body comprises a plastic material, a ceramic material, a vitreous material and / or a metal material or is formed from a plastic material, a ceramic material, a vitreous material and / or a metal material.
  • an organic glassy material may be provided, in particular plastic, which has an amorphous structure.
  • an inorganic glassy material may be provided, in particular silicate glass, quartz glass, etc.
  • a vitreous material is, for example, a glass fiber-like material, in particular a glass fiber material.
  • a ceramic material is or includes, for example, cordierite and / or mullite.
  • the base body is formed from a hardened and / or stiffened metal foam.
  • the base body comprises in particular an open-pore or open-cell metal foam.
  • a metal material in particular a material of an open-pore or open-cell metal foam, may be, for example, a corrosion-resistant steel, in particular a FeCrAl alloy.
  • the base body comprises an aluminum foam material or is formed from an aluminum foam material.
  • the base body comprises a sintered metal or is formed as a sintered metal component.
  • the main body has a hollow spherical structure and / or is formed from a material having a hollow spherical structure.
  • the main body comprises a metal grid, which is formed for example of iron or palladium. Grid cells of the metal grid are then, for example, with a filling, in particular a gas-permeable catalytically active
  • the precipitation element may be provided by further developing a metal grid by filling the grid cells to form a substantially closed layer.
  • a separating element formed as a filter candle can then preferably be formed. Only one of the two initially open ends of the separation element is then preferably still closed. This separating element can then finally be provided with a further coating, for example a protective layer.
  • a coating in particular maybe a Schutzsch, for example, a perforated and / or otherwise GASD urchine foil, a net, a physika ⁇ l ic and / or chemical coating, and / or a vapor deposition on the Gru nd body or a further coating of a separating element may be ,
  • the base body is provided with one or more gas-permeable and / or catalytically active coatings.
  • the main body is provided with one or more gas-permeable and / or catalytically active Fül lungs.
  • catalytic activity is to be understood in this specification and the appended claims in particular that pollutants, in particular noxious gases, the exhaust gas flow through contact with the catalytically active coating and / or the catalytically active filling can be converted more efficiently chemically, in particular d Reduction of an activation energy and / or by shifting an equilibrium point of an equilibrium reaction.
  • a catalytically active coating and / or a catalytically active filling may, for example, comprise one or more of the following materials or consist of one or more of the following materials: copper, nickel, nickel oxide, palladium, platinum, rhodium, gold and / or other catalytically active elements and / or compounds. Furthermore, a
  • Metal mixed oxides such as Lao, 9Ago, i M n0 3 , be provided.
  • a catalytically active (catalytically active) material is chemically and / or physically contained in a coating, ie the filling and / or the body forming material and / or connected to this and / or bound thereto.
  • a coating and / or a filling of a separating element is preferably chemically and / or physically connected to the base body.
  • Separating device comprises one or more deposition elements, which have a structured surface.
  • a structured surface may for example be a surface which has a wavy and / or zig-zag-shaped course, in particular with respect to a longitudinal section taken parallel to a longitudinal axis or axis of symmetry of a separating element.
  • the separation device comprises a deposition chamber, which preferably comprises the following:
  • a discharge section through which a purified exhaust gas flow from the interior of the deposition chamber can be discharged
  • a receiving device for receiving, arranging and / or fixing one or more separation elements of the separation device.
  • one or more separation elements of the separation device are detachably, interchangeably fixed or fixable on the receiving device.
  • one or more separation elements are sealingly secured to the receiving device.
  • the receiving device in particular comprises a substantially plate-shaped element which is provided with passage openings.
  • Passage openings are preferably the separation elements of the separation device can be arranged, in particular releasably fixed.
  • a feed section of the deposition chamber preferably comprises an inlet opening and / or an inlet connection.
  • a discharge section preferably comprises an outlet opening and / or an outlet connection.
  • a flow path between the feed section, in particular the inlet connection, and the discharge section, in particular the outlet connection, is provided such that an exhaust gas stream entering the interior of the separation chamber through the feed section must flow or pass through the one or more separation elements, to get to the Abrrabites and be discharged over this.
  • the cleaning device comprises a backwash device for cleaning the separation device.
  • a fluid flow in the reverse direction is preferably generated in order to remove solids and other residues and deposits from the separation element.
  • the fluid flow in the reverse direction is, in particular, a fluid flow, which is opposite to that direction in which the exhaust gas flow flows through the separation device in a separation operation of the separation device.
  • the separation device comprises a backwashing device, by means of which a fluid, in particular a gas, for example compressed air, in one direction through one or more separation elements of the separation device is guided, which a flow direction the exhaust gas stream in a deposition operation of the deposition device is opposite.
  • a fluid in particular a gas, for example compressed air
  • the backwashing device may be, for example, a compressed air device.
  • a compressed air device preferably comprises one or more cleaning lances, by means of which compressed air pulses in the interior spaces of the one or more deposition elements can be introduced, in particular to achieve a flow in the radial outward direction and thus a cleaning of impurities from a radially outer surface of the separation elements ,
  • the cleaning device comprises a discharge device, by means of which separated from the exhaust gas flow solids are discharged.
  • a discharge device may for example be a discharge device.
  • a discharge device may comprise one or more conveyor belts and / or one or more rotary valves.
  • filter cake fragments, dusts, etc. are preferably dissipated.
  • an exhaust system is provided such that the gas stream is mixed with the supplied additive or with the added additives and also a suitable residence time for the reaction of, for example, sulfur oxide to calcium sulfite and / or calcium sulfate
  • a solids content of the exhaust gas flow is preferably deposited on the surface of the separation element before entering a separation element.
  • Nitrogen oxide in the exhaust stream is preferably when passing through the
  • Separating element of the separator implemented with supplied ammonia to nitrogen and water, in particular using a catalytic coating or catalytic mass of
  • a filter cake can preferably be removed at the separation element of the separation device.
  • the material forming the filter cake can preferably be removed from the entire cleaning device.
  • process stages for denitrification, desulfurization and dedusting of the exhaust gas stream are integrated into a common process stage and / or reduced to a single process stage.
  • An installation location of this one process stage is preferably laid in an inlet of an energy recovery device, in particular in a region in which, for example, optimal temperatures prevail for the catalyst separation device.
  • Cleaning device comprises an energy recovery device.
  • Such an energy recovery device is preferably designed for condensation of the moist constituents of the exhaust gas flow. Ideally, the liberated latent heat of vaporization returned to the process.
  • the heating of process water streams can be favorable
  • upstream cleaning are returned to the process itself and / or made accessible to another internal or external consumer.
  • a deposited on the filter device filter cake can preferably be removed dry, resulting in a non-critical handling, processing and storage may result.
  • the present invention further relates to various uses of a cleaning device.
  • the invention is in this respect the task of providing a use of the cleaning device, by means of which an efficient exhaust gas purification, energy recovery and / or fresh water production for different processes can be realized.
  • An embodiment of the invention may be a use of the cleaning device for purifying an exhaust gas flow from a combustion-free process.
  • an embodiment of the invention may be a use of a cleaning device for purifying an exhaust gas flow from a process in which a gas is used for the treatment of objects.
  • a gas used for the treatment of objects may itself be supplied from a combustion device or burned by means of a combustion device. be generated device. However, it may also be a gas which is supplied and / or generated without combustion.
  • an embodiment of the invention may be a use of a cleaning device for purifying an exhaust gas stream from a combustion-free process, in which a gas is used for the treatment of objects.
  • the cleaning device is preferably used to clean in particular industrial exhaust gases (exhaust gas streams).
  • a purification of an exhaust gas stream from a process can be provided, which is carried out using heated gas.
  • an energy recovery device is provided, which is arranged downstream of the cleaning device with respect to a flow direction of the exhaust gas flow.
  • the energy recovery device is, for example, a CO boiler, a heat exchanger, a condenser, etc.
  • An energy recovery device preferably serves to generate primary energy, for example steam or hot water or hot air, and / or to generate secondary energy, for example electrical energy.
  • An energy recovery device and thus also the use of the cleaning device can be advantageous in particular for drying processes, calcination processes and / or petrochemical processes with high exhaust air temperatures (exhaust gas temperatures).
  • an ammonia-containing and / or a lime-containing additive is preferably supplied to the exhaust gas stream.
  • the additive is used in particular as a sorbent.
  • the separation device is preferably a catalyst separation device for converting nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, for example VOCs, dioxins, furans, etc., sulfur oxides and / or others
  • the cleaning device is used for cleaning an exhaust gas stream from a combustion process for the production of ceramic.
  • the production of ceramics is carried out, for example, in multi-stage firing processes, wherein the water content of the prepared and shaped raw materials evaporates in a dryer. A burning process is then carried out in an oven.
  • the product maintains its structural integrity through accurate temperature control during the firing and cooling process, with temperature peaks of between about 750 ° C and 1800 ° C depending on the product and exit temperatures between about 150 ° C and 450 ° C.
  • the emissions of sour gas components, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and dust may have approximately the following values:
  • additives for example calcium carbonate (lime), cascade absorbers, electrostatic precipitators (ESP), filters or scrubbers to limit emissions of acid gas components;
  • additives for example calcium carbonate (lime), cascade absorbers, electrostatic precipitators (ESP), filters or scrubbers to limit emissions of acid gas components;
  • Burner with low nitrogen oxide emissions (low NO x burner) to limit nitrogen oxide emissions;
  • Separation and filtration systems such as cyclones, cloth filters or sintered PE filter cartridges to limit dust emissions.
  • the cleaning device according to the present invention may be provided as an alternative or in addition to the above-described possibilities for exhaust gas purification in a plant for ceramic production.
  • the cleaning device is preferably arranged upstream of an energy recovery device of the ceramic manufacturing plant with respect to a flow direction of the exhaust gas flow.
  • the exhaust gas stream is an exhaust gas stream from a roasting process or smoking process for roasting or smoking foods.
  • roasted products such as coffee, nuts, cocoa and / or cereals can be made by means of an industrial food roasting plant. These are dried, in particular in a roasting oven, and subsequently heated by convection or conductively until the aroma-bearing Maillard reactions start, in particular above a temperature of approximately 120 ° C.
  • the Maillard reactions Upon reaching a required product temperature, the Maillard reactions are stopped by cooling or quenching with water or air.
  • the cooling is preferably carried out in a separate container, in particular outside a roasting furnace.
  • a quenching process is preferably carried out directly in the roasting oven.
  • exhaust gas temperatures of the roasting furnace can be between approximately 130 ° C. and approximately 150 ° C.
  • An exhaust gas flow of a roasting furnace and / or a cooler comprises, in particular, odors which are formed during the decomposition of organic acids, proteins, amines or mercaptans (thiols).
  • concentrations of up to 10 g of pollutants per cubic meter of air in the standard state (g / Nm 3 , g / m 3 in .) Can be achieved.
  • the highest emissions are observed at the highest temperatures, especially towards the end of the roasting process.
  • Average carbon monoxide emissions and dust emissions are, for example, between approximately 0.5 g to 3 g per cubic meter of air in the normal state, depending on the operating case.
  • cyclones are used as an integral part of the roasting oven system for the separation of product dusts and shell components.
  • emission values of acid gas components, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile hydrocarbons and dust in particular can be achieved:
  • SCR DeNO x selective catalytic nitrogen oxide reduction
  • Separation and filtration systems such as cyclones, cloth filters or sintered PE filter cartridges to limit dust emissions.
  • one or more process steps for purifying the exhaust gas of the described plant for roasting foodstuffs are replaced or supplemented by the cleaning device according to the invention.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of the cleaning device in a mineral oil refinery and / or gas refinery.
  • Emissions in a refinery generally stem from heating processes and combustion processes, which account for more than 60% of the energy consumption of a modern oil refinery.
  • the refinery processes include, in particular, the catalyst regenerator of the fluidized catalytic
  • FCC process Cracking process at the center of the emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and dust, in particular due to the partial oxidation of the coked catalyst material.
  • the exhaust gas of the catalyst regenerator contains, for example, an increased carbon monoxide concentration, which represents a usable calorific value of the order of magnitude of up to 1.5 megajoules per cubic meter in the standard state (MJ / m 3 i.N).
  • This calorific value can be used, for example, in a so-called CO boiler for generating water vapor.
  • the following emission values for the sour gas components, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and dust may result in particular:
  • Inlet temperatures of the CO boiler are, for example, between about 250 ° C and about 400 ° C.
  • one or more of the following may be used to purify the waste gas stream of a mineral oil refinery and / or gas refinery
  • Separation and filtration systems such as another cyclone or electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to limit dust emission.
  • ESP electrostatic precipitator
  • a cleaning device may be provided for the purification of the exhaust gas flow.
  • the cleaning device is in particular upstream of a
  • the present invention further relates to the use of a cleaning device according to the invention in a boiler plant.
  • Emissions in a boiler plant arise in particular from combustion processes for steam generation or for direct power generation.
  • the emissions of the processes can be distinguished according to the type of fuel and the size of the boiler.
  • the focus of emissions are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxide, as well as dust emissions that occur during combustion of the fuel.
  • a purification of an exhaust gas flow of a boiler system can be realized:
  • ESP electrostatic precipitator
  • the cleaning device according to the invention may be provided for purifying the exhaust gas flow and / or for increasing the energy recovery of a boiler system.
  • the cleaning device according to the invention is also suitable for
  • a plant for iron and / or steel production for example, be a sintering plant, which is used for the production of ferrous agglomerates for use in blast furnace systems.
  • a mixture of iron-containing material and coke breeze is exposed via a treadmill to a controlled temperature profile, so that chemical and metallurgical reactions begin, which lead to the sintering of the material.
  • sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile hydrocarbons and dust particles are emitted and are then contained in particular in the exhaust gas of windboxes of the sintering furnace of the sintering plant.
  • the following emission values of acid gas components, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile hydrocarbons and dust may be present in particular:
  • Expiration temperatures of the sintering plant are, for example, between 160 ° C and about 200 ° C.
  • one or more of the following measures may be provided to purify the exhaust gas stream:
  • Electrostatic Precipitators ESP
  • downstream cloth filter optionally with downstream cloth filter to limit dust emission.
  • the cleaning device according to the invention can be used to purify the exhaust gas stream and / or to increase the energy recovery of a plant for iron and / or steel production.
  • the marketsvorrichtugn invention is also suitable for
  • Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile hydrocarbons, dust and dioxins and furans are present:
  • Dioxins furans 0 - 0.00027 ⁇ 0.0001
  • separate process units for denitrification, desulfurization, fine dust and dioxin reduction in the course of a cement plant may be provided to comply with environmental regulations for emission control.
  • one or more of the following measures may be provided to purify the exhaust gas stream:
  • Carbon monoxide emissions but preferably catalytic oxidation to utilize the heat of combustion;
  • downstream cloth filter optionally with downstream cloth filter to limit dust emission.
  • the cleaning device according to the invention for cleaning and / or energy and / or condensate recovery of the exhaust stream of a cement plant can be used.
  • the cleaning device according to the invention in the hot chlorine bypass can be used in addition to the above measures in the partial flow.
  • the cleaning device according to the invention is thus in particular for the purification of an exhaust gas stream from a combustion process, from a
  • Roasting process from a smoking process, from a refinery process, from a metal-making process, from a boiler plant and / or from a cement production process.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for purifying an exhaust gas stream.
  • the invention is in this respect the task of providing a method by means of which an exhaust gas flow is easy and efficient to clean.
  • Cleaning an exhaust gas stream includes:
  • Pollutant in particular a noxious gas.
  • the method according to the invention preferably has one or more of the features and / or advantages described in connection with the cleaning device according to the invention and / or the uses according to the invention.
  • the method further comprises:
  • Secondary energy for example electric current.
  • the exhaust gas flow is purified by means of one or more separation elements of a separation device of the purification device by separating off particles and / or by catalytically reacting at least one pollutant, in particular a noxious gas.
  • the waste gas stream is preferably passed through one or more separating elements formed as filter candles for cleaning the same.
  • the exhaust gas flow can thereby be deprived of heat, for example latent heat of vaporization released by condensation, which would otherwise be released unused to the environment.
  • the exhaust gas stream may in particular be an exhaust gas stream of a combustion plant, an exhaust gas stream of a plant for the production of ceramic, iron and / or steel, an exhaust gas stream of a plant for roasting and / or smoking foods, a refinery plant, an exhaust gas stream of a boiler plant and / or an exhaust gas stream a cement production process.
  • purification is understood in particular to be a desulfurization, denitrification, deacidification, detoxification, dedusting and / or dehumidification, preferably a combination of at least two or at least three of the abovementioned processes for the environmental treatment of exhaust gases or flash-offs.
  • desulfurization of an exhaust gas or exhaust air in particular an induced by a suitable commercial process lowering an SO x concentration of the exhaust gas and / or exhaust air is understood.
  • a denitrification of an exhaust gas or an exhaust air is understood to mean, in particular, a lowering of an NO x concentration of the exhaust gas and / or exhaust air brought about by means of a suitable technical process.
  • a suitable technical method lowering a Concentration of acidic components of the exhaust gas and / or exhaust air (eg., HF, HCL, etc.) understood.
  • a suitable technical method lowering a Concentration of acidic components of the exhaust gas and / or exhaust air (eg., HF, HCL, etc.) understood.
  • a detoxification preferably toxic components (eg dioxins, furans, etc.) are removed from an exhaust gas or an exhaust air by a suitable technical process, or at least thereof
  • a dedusting mainly solid ingredients, eg. As particles, agglomerates, coagulates and / or ashes, from an exhaust or an exhaust air via a separator
  • a dehumidification of an exhaust gas or an exhaust air is understood to mean, in particular, a lowering of the humidity of the exhaust gas and / or the exhaust air brought about by means of a suitable condensation process.
  • Dispersion an emulsion and / or a solution of additives
  • Such additive is preferably characterized in that the additive promotes at least one provided in the cleaning device and / or acting on the exhaust stream deposition, cleaning and / or implementation process, supports and / or is necessary for this.
  • a mixing device may, for example, comprise or comprise a mixing chamber and / or a mixing mechanism (eg an agitator).
  • Separating or filtering device understood in the flow direction or path at least partially catalytically active material is arranged, recorded or provided.
  • the flow direction or the throughput path is understood to mean, in particular, the passage of the fluid, exhaust gas or exhaust air flow to be cleaned through the separating or filtering device.
  • a catalytically active material is understood to be a substance or a mixture of substances, which is a chemical reaction reaction at least one component of the fluid, exhaust or exhaust air stream favors or enables another composition.
  • a separator designed as a catalytic separator is in particular a combination of a catalyst and a particle trap.
  • the separation device allows operation at temperatures of at least about 300 ° C, for example at least about 450 ° C, especially about 600 ° C.
  • a separation device preferably has a high specific volume flow density, that is, a volume flow of the exhaust gas flow relative to the volume of the separator (separation device) is very large.
  • a dehumidifying device is understood in particular to mean a heat exchanger which cools the temperature of the exhaust gas and / or exhaust air flow below the condensation temperature of the moisture contained.
  • the exhaust gas and / or the exhaust air to below 60 ° C, in particular below 40 ° C, cooled.
  • the exhaust-gas-emitting plant is or comprises a plant for the production of cement.
  • Such a system preferably comprises a system for cooling the latch (clinker cooling system), a rotary kiln, one or more preheating stages (suspension Kilns), a raw material mill and / or a chlorine bypass.
  • Exhaust gases from the plant for cooling clinker are preferably above the rotary kiln, the one or more preheating stages and / or the
  • the system comprises a bypass, in particular a chlorine bypass, by means of which a partial flow can be branched off, in particular from an exhaust gas stream of the plant for cooling clinker and / or from an exhaust gas stream of the rotary kiln.
  • a bypass in particular a chlorine bypass, by means of which a partial flow can be branched off, in particular from an exhaust gas stream of the plant for cooling clinker and / or from an exhaust gas stream of the rotary kiln.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an exhaust-emitting system comprising a cleaning device for cleaning the emitted exhaust gas and an energy recovery device;
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic vertical longitudinal section through an embodiment of a separating device of the cleaning device from FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a separation element of
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the area A of a first embodiment of a separation element, in which a gas permeable raised surface structure is provided with at least partial catalytic coating;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic section through the separation element from FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a separation element corresponding to FIG. 4, which comprises a hollow-cylindrical support (main body) with an at least partial catalytic coating;
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic section through the separation element from FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration, corresponding to FIG. 4, of a third embodiment of a separating element, which comprises a basic body designed as a grid with catalytic inserts filling up the grid structure;
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic section through the separation element from FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic representation corresponding to FIG. 4 of a fourth embodiment of a separation element which comprises a gas-permeable wall structure with at least partial catalytic coating on an inner side and / or an outer side of the wall structure;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic section through the separation element from FIG.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic representation of a plant for ceramic production; 13 shows a schematic representation of a plant for roasting and / or smoking foodstuffs;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic representation of a fluid catalytic cracking
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of a boiler plant
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic representation of a plant for the production of
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic representation of a plant for the production of
  • One in Fig. 1 embodiment of an exhaust system emitting 100 as a whole is, for example, an incinerator, a plant for producing ceramics, iron and / or steel, a plant for roasting and / or smoking foods, a refinery plant, a boiler plant and / or a plant Plant for cement production.
  • Such an exhaust-emitting system 100 emits in particular an exhaust gas stream 102 which contains pollutants and / or moisture and, as such, may not be released to the environment without being cleaned.
  • a cleaning device 104 is preferably provided for cleaning the exhaust gas flow 102.
  • the cleaning device 104 comprises, in particular, a feed device 106 for feeding one or more additives to the exhaust gas flow 102.
  • the additive is in particular an ammonia-containing and / or lime-containing additive, so that, in particular in the presence of a catalyst, on the one hand nitrogen oxides and on the other hand sulfur oxides can be removed from the exhaust gas stream.
  • the cleaning device 104 further comprises a separation device 108, by means of which solids can be separated from the exhaust gas stream 102.
  • the separator 108 is a catalyst separator 110 which provides the catalyst surface required to convert the nitrogen oxides.
  • the catalyst separator 110 is for this purpose in particular as a ceramic
  • Separating device 108 is formed, which comprises a ceramic filter body (base body) with a catalytically active coating.
  • hydrocarbons are preferably removable from the exhaust stream 102, in particular by converting them to carbon dioxide and water.
  • the cleaning device 104 preferably further comprises a mixing device 112, by means of which the exhaust gas flow 102 on the one hand and the added additive (s) on the other hand can be mixed with one another.
  • the cleaning device 104 preferably also includes a backwashing device 114 and a removal device 116.
  • the separation device 108 is contrary to a flow direction usual in the deposition operation flows through to remove a filter cake from the separator 108, in particular to blow.
  • the filter cake removed in this way is removable in particular by means of the removal device 116.
  • an energy recovery device 118 is provided for energy-efficient operation of the exhaust-emitting system 100.
  • the energy recovery device 118 comprises in particular a heat exchanger 120 and / or a CO boiler 122 for further use and / or recovery of the heat contained in the exhaust gas stream 102, in particular latent heat of vaporization of the moisture contained, and / or chemical energy.
  • the cleaning device 104 is arranged in particular between the exhaust-emitting system 100 and the energy recovery device 118, so that the energy recovery device 118 is subjected as little as possible to pollutants and thus enables the use of low-cost materials and maintenance can be reduced.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a separating device 108, which preferably serves as a separating device 108 of the type shown in FIG. 1 cleaning device 104 is used.
  • the separation device 108 is formed as a catalyst separation device 110 and serves on the one hand to the filtering deposition of
  • the separation device 108 includes a deposition chamber 124.
  • the deposition chamber 124 comprises a feed section 126, which preferably comprises an inlet opening 128 and / or an inlet connection 130.
  • an exhaust gas stream 102 to be cleaned can be introduced into an interior 132 of the separation chamber 124.
  • a valve device 134 or flap device 136 arranged in the feed section 126 preferably serves to control and / or regulate the volume flow of the supplied exhaust gas stream 102.
  • the separation chamber 124 further comprises a discharge section 138, which preferably comprises an outlet opening 140 and / or an outlet connection 142.
  • the exhaust gas cleaned in the separation chamber 124 can be discharged via the discharge section 138.
  • a valve device 134 and / or a flap device 136 is preferably provided in the discharge section 138.
  • the interior 132 of the separation chamber 124 is subdivided into a raw gas space 144 and a clean gas space 146.
  • the raw gas space 144 and the clean gas space 146 are separated from one another by a receiving device 148 and a plurality of separating elements 150 of the separating device 108.
  • the receiving device 148 serves to receive a plurality of separating elements 150.
  • the receiving device 148 is designed in particular as a partition wall 152 of the interior 132 of the deposition chamber 124.
  • the partition wall 152 comprises a plurality of passage openings 154, which form receptacles 156 for the separation elements 150.
  • the separation elements 150 are in particular releasably fixed in the passage openings 154.
  • a separating element 150 is, for example, a substantially hollow cylindrical body.
  • the separation element 150 may be a substantially hollow cylindrical body.
  • Separating element 150 are used.
  • generalized hollow cylinders with polygonal cross-sectional areas eg.
  • Star surfaces has the advantage of providing larger shell surfaces on the separation element 150.
  • the separation element 150 is preferably formed rotationally symmetrical about a longitudinal axis 160 of the separation element 150.
  • the longitudinal axis 160 is thus an axis of symmetry 162 of the separating element 150.
  • a separation element 150 preferably comprises a hollow-cylindrical section 164, which adjoins the longitudinal axis 160 at one end to a closed end 166 of the separation element 150 and at the other end to an open end 168 of the separation element 150.
  • the open end 168 is provided in particular with the collar 158 for fixing the separating element 150 to the receiving device 148.
  • the separation element 150 protrudes in the assembled state of the receiving device 148 into the raw gas chamber 144 of the deposition chamber 124, so that the closed end 166 and substantially the entire hollow cylindrical portion 164 are surrounded by raw gas during operation of the separation device 108 ,
  • An interior 170 of the separating element 150 is open towards the clean gas space 146 by means of the open end 168.
  • the separating element 150 in particular the hollow cylindrical section 164, is preferably gas-permeable, wherein pores provided for this purpose have such a small diameter that, although gaseous substances can pass through the hollow-cylindrical section 154 of the separating element 150, solids and liquids on an outer side 172 of the Attach deposition element 150.
  • the separation element 150 is therefore designed in particular as a surface filter 174.
  • the separation element 150 can therefore also be referred to as a filter element 176.
  • this is preferably formed as a filter cartridge 178.
  • the separation device 108 further preferably comprises a cleaning device 180, which is formed, for example, by a backwashing device 114.
  • the cleaning device 180 then in particular comprises one or more backwashing lances 182, by means of which a gas pressure surge, in particular compressed air pulse, from a clean gas side of each separating element 150 facing the clean gas chamber 146 can be dispensed onto the respective separating element 150.
  • a gas pressure surge in particular compressed air pulse
  • the cleaning device 180 may also be referred to as a compressed air device 184.
  • a cleaning device 180 can be provided, by means of which a fluid, for example a cleaning fluid or a cleaning gas, can be introduced into the raw gas space 144 of the separation chamber 124, on the outside 172 of the separating elements 150 to remove adhering contaminants. From the separation elements 150 cleaned deposits fall in the direction of gravity g down to a discharge 116 of the
  • the discharge device 116 is formed, for example, as a conveyor belt 186 or conveyor belt 188 and allows the easy removal of cleaned impurities from the interior 132 of the deposition chamber 124th
  • Separating device 108 then preferably comprises a plurality of substantially identically formed separation elements 150. However, it may also be provided that a separation device 108 comprises differently configured separation elements 150, in which different features mentioned in this description and the appended claims are realized.
  • the embodiment of a separation device 108 shown in FIG. 2 functions as follows:
  • an exhaust gas stream 102 of an exhaust gas emitting system 100 to be cleaned is introduced into the interior 132 of the separation chamber 124.
  • the impurities contained in the exhaust gas stream 102 are then sucked or pressed in the direction of the separation elements 150.
  • the solids then deposit on the outer sides 172 of the separator elements 150, as they are too large to pass through the separator elements 150.
  • the noxious gases flow through the separation elements 150, but in this case are brought into contact with a catalytically active material to be described, and preferably converted into less harmful substances.
  • the separation elements 150 are flowed through from outside to inside with respect to the axis of symmetry 162 in the radial direction 194.
  • each separation element 150 Via the open end 168 of each separation element 150, the purified waste gas passes from the interior 170 of the respective separation element 150 into the clean gas space 146 of the separation chamber 124.
  • the purified exhaust gas is finally discharged from the interior 132 of the separation chamber 124.
  • valve devices 134 and / or the flap devices 136 By means of the valve devices 134 and / or the flap devices 136, a flow through the separation chamber 124 with the exhaust gas stream 102 can be regulated.
  • FIGS. 4 to 11 show different embodiments of separating elements 150, which can be used as separating elements 150 in the separating device 108 shown in FIG.
  • separation elements 150 can be used in the separation device 108, which other combinations of For example, have one or more features of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 to 11.
  • the separation element 150 comprises a base body 190 which has two coatings 192.
  • the coatings 192 are arranged on the outer side of the main body 190 on the outer side of the main body 190, which is on the outer side relative to the longitudinal axis 160 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 160.
  • One of the coatings 192 is formed as a protective layer 196, which may optionally be provided on the deposition element 150.
  • the further of the coatings 192 is considered to be a catalytically active
  • the protective layer 196 is arranged on the catalytically active coating 198, which in turn is arranged on the base body 190.
  • the main body 190 is in particular a porous carrier, which is formed, for example, from an aluminum foam or from sintered metal.
  • the catalytically active coating 198 includes, for example
  • the catalytically active coating 198 is preferably chemically and / or physically connected to the base body 190.
  • the protective layer 196 is formed, for example, of a polytetrafluoroethylene material (PTFE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and / or polyamide (PA) or a combination of the materials mentioned.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene material
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PA polyamide
  • the protective layer 196 is in particular as a perforated or otherwise gas-permeable film, as a net or as a coating or
  • Both the base body 190 and the catalytically active coating 198 and the protective layer 196 are preferably permeable only to gases, so that solids are deposited as a filter cake on the outer side 172 of the separating element 150 formed by the protective layer 196.
  • the separation element 150 has a structured surface.
  • a zigzag-shaped course of the surface of the separating element 150 is formed by projections 200 projecting outward in the radial direction 194.
  • a deposition element 150 having a relatively large outer surface (outer side 172) can be provided.
  • the first embodiment of a separation element 150 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 functions as follows:
  • the separating element 150 is supplied with the exhaust gas to be cleaned.
  • Solids and other larger particles of the exhaust gas flow 102 then deposit on the outside 172 of the separation element 150, in particular on the protective layer 196, thereby forming a filter cake.
  • Gaseous constituents of the exhaust gas flow pass through the protective layer 196, through the catalytically active coating 198 and through the base body 190 into the interior 170 of the separation element 150.
  • Harmful gases for example nitrogen oxides or non-volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are optionally chemically converted with the aid of an additive by means of the catalytically active coating 198.
  • VOCs non-volatile organic compounds
  • each separation element 150 then preferably collects exhaust gas which has been freed from solids and other particles as well as noxious gases.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrated second embodiment of a separating element 150 differs from that shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrated essentially in that the base body 190, the catalytically active coating 198 and the protective layer 196 are substantially hollow cylindrical and have no projections 200.
  • Such a separation element 150 is in particular easy and inexpensive to produce.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrated second embodiment of a separating element 150 in terms of structure and function with the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, so that reference is made to the above description in this regard.
  • a third embodiment of a separating element 150 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 differs from that shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrated essentially in that the base body 190 is formed as a grid 202.
  • the main body 190 thus comprises a multiplicity of passage openings 204 arranged in the form of a matrix.
  • the passage openings 204 are filled with a filling 206.
  • the filling 206 is in particular a catalytically active filling 208.
  • the basic body 190 provided with the catalytically active filling 208 forms a continuous wall 210, in which in particular a gas-impermeable or gas-permeable grid section of the grid 202 and the catalytically active filling 208, which is permeable to gas, alternate.
  • a coating 192 formed as a protective layer 196 forms the outer side 172 of the separating element 150 and is thus arranged in the radial direction 194 on the outside of the grid 202 provided with the catalytic filling 208.
  • the in Figs. 8 and 9 illustrated third embodiment of the separation element 150 can be prepared, for example, characterized in that the grid 202 is provided with the catalytically active filling 208. Subsequently, the coating 192 is preferably applied.
  • steps can preferably be carried out in one plane, that is to say substantially two-dimensionally.
  • the base body 190 together with the filling 208 and the protective layer 196 is then preferably rolled up.
  • This rolling can lead to a single-layer or even a multi-layered design of the separation element 150.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 differs from that shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 shown essentially in that the base body 190 is partially or completely provided in the radial direction 194 outboard with a catalytically active coating 198.
  • the base body 190 is provided partially or completely with a catalytically active coating 198 on an inner side in the radial direction 194.
  • the material of the base body 190 is, for example, a foam, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric and / or a fiber composite.
  • An outer side 172 of the separating element 150 is also in the in Figs. 10 and 11 illustrated fourth embodiment of the deposition element 150 by a protective layer 196 formed.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 illustrated fourth embodiment of a separating element 150 in terms of structure and function with the in Figs. 6 and 7 illustrated second embodiment, so that reference is made to the above description thereof in this regard.
  • a cleaning device 104 which comprises a separating device 108, is particularly suitable for use in a plant 212 for ceramic production.
  • Fig. 12 is an example of such a plant 212 for ceramic production shown schematically.
  • the plant 212 for ceramic production comprises a drying device 214 and a firing device 216.
  • a drying device 214 By means of the drying device 214, a starting material for
  • Ceramic production especially a green body to be dried.
  • air and heat are supplied.
  • a firing process for the completion of a ceramic component is performed.
  • Exhaust gas stream 102 which is contaminated with pollutants.
  • the cleaning device 104 is provided.
  • the cleaning device 104 in this case comprises a feed device 106, by means of which calcium-rich additives (additives), in particular calcium carbonate, can be introduced into the exhaust gas stream 102.
  • additives in particular calcium carbonate
  • a mixing device 112 of the cleaning device 104 By means of a mixing device 112 of the cleaning device 104, a reliable mixing of the exhaust gas with the one or more additives can then be ensured.
  • the additives are used in particular for the reduction of sour gas components. Furthermore, this sulfur oxides can be converted to calcium sulfide and / or calcium sulfate.
  • a separation device 108 of the cleaning device 104 on the one hand, a separation of solids of the exhaust gas to be cleaned takes place at separation elements 150 of the separation device 108.
  • noxious gases are chemically converted by means of catalytically active materials.
  • the purified waste gas stream leaving the purification device 104 is preferably supplied to an energy recovery device 118, which is equipped with a condensing heat exchanger 120.
  • this heat exchanger 120 the moisture of the exhaust gas stream is condensed and the released heat, including the latent heat of vaporization of the moisture, delivered to a cooling medium 282.
  • This cooling medium 282 may preferably be air which makes available the energy released to the process for ceramic production as preheated burner air again.
  • a heat release to a cooling liquid, in particular for heating boiler water may be provided.
  • a condensate stream 280, after removal of impurities, can preferably be used in-process as fresh water and / or externally.
  • a purified exhaust gas flow can thus be generated, which consequently can be discharged to the environment without concern.
  • One in Fig. 13 embodiment of a plant 218 for roasting and / or smoking food is, for example, a Inröststrom for roasting coffee beans.
  • Such a plant 218 comprises in particular a roasting device 220, in which the actual roasting process is carried out by heating foods. In particular, this involves heating the food to be roasted to a temperature above approximately 120 ° C., so that the aroma-bearing Maillard reactions begin.
  • the plant 218 further comprises a cooling device 222 to which the food to be roasted is supplied to stop the Maillard reactions by cooling or quenching with water or air.
  • system 218 preferably includes a separation device 224 and / or a storage device 226.
  • undesired components for example cores, small stones, etc., can preferably be removed from the roasted foodstuff.
  • the roasted foodstuffs can preferably be temporarily stored before packaging them.
  • the plant 218 therefore comprises one or more, for example two, cleaning devices 104 for cleaning the exhaust gases.
  • a cleaning device 104 may be provided, to which an exhaust gas stream 102 can be supplied from the roasting device 220 or is supplied.
  • a cleaning device 104 may be provided, to which an exhaust gas stream 102 from the cooling device 222, the separation device 224 and / or the storage device 226 can be supplied or is supplied.
  • the cleaning devices 104 preferably each comprise a feed device 106 for feeding one or more additives and / or a separating device 108 for separating particles and for catalytically depositing particles. lytic reaction of at least one pollutant, in particular one
  • the cleaning devices 104 By means of the cleaning devices 104, it is possible, in particular, for odors, which are formed during the decomposition of organic acids, proteins, amines or mercaptans (thiols), to remove larger amounts of carbon monoxide, which may be formed during cooling, and product dusts and shell components from the exhaust gas stream.
  • a supply of urea by means of the supply device 106 may be provided in combination with a suitable catalyst material of the separation elements 150 of the separation devices 108.
  • the purified exhaust gas stream exiting the purifying devices 104 is preferably supplied to one or more energy recovery devices 118, each with a condensing discharge
  • Heat exchangers 120 are equipped. In this heat exchanger 120, the moisture of the exhaust gas stream is condensed and the heat released,
  • Cooling medium 282 delivered This cooling medium 282 may preferably be air which makes the energy released available to the process as preheated supply air again. Alternatively or additionally, in particular before a heat transfer to the supply air, a heat release to a cooling liquid, in particular for heating boiler water, may be provided.
  • Condensate stream 280 may be after removal of contaminants
  • FIG. 14 embodiment of a designated as a whole with 228 FCC system is the material conversion in the petroleum processing industry.
  • an FCC unit 228 is used to convert heavy petroleum fractions into olefins, cracker gasoline, gas oil and heavy oil components.
  • An FCC unit 228 includes a cracking apparatus 230 in which the actual conversion process of the crude oil supplied as crude oil is performed.
  • the cracking device 230 comprises a cracking section 232 to which crude oil can be fed.
  • the resulting products from the cracking device 230 can be discharged.
  • catalyst material In the conversion of the supplied crude oil catalyst material is used, which is regenerated in, for example, two regeneration stages 234 of the cracking device 230 after use in the cracking section 232. In particular, while coke is removed from the catalyst material, which is reflected in the conversion of the crude oil on the same.
  • the catalyst material is reused in the cracking section 232 after regeneration.
  • the regeneration of the catalyst material produces exhaust gas which may contain a large number of pollutants.
  • this exhaust gas comprises nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur oxides (SO x ) as well as solid particles.
  • the exhaust gas further comprises carbon monoxide, which is formed in particular due to an oxygen deficiency in the regeneration stages 234 by incomplete oxidation of carbon-containing particles, in particular coke.
  • the FCC unit 228 comprises a cleaning device 104, which in particular has a separating device 108 for the purpose of
  • Separating solids from the exhaust stream comprises.
  • the cleaning device preferably further comprises a supply device 106 for supplying an additive to the exhaust gas flow.
  • the additive is in particular an ammonia-containing and / or lime-containing additive, so that, in particular in the presence of a catalyst, on the one hand nitrogen oxides and on the other hand sulfur oxides can be removed from the exhaust gas stream.
  • the separator 108 is a catalyst separator 110 which provides the catalyst surface required to convert the nitrogen oxides.
  • the cleaning device 104 preferably further comprises a mixing device 112, by means of which the exhaust gas flow on the one hand and the added additive (s) on the other hand can be mixed with one another.
  • the cleaning device 104 By means of the cleaning device 104, in particular residual components of the catalyst material and other solids contained in the exhaust gas stream can be deposited.
  • an exhaust gas flow 102 of the FCC system 228 can preferably be cleaned to such an extent that the exhaust gas flow 102 can be delivered to an environment.
  • the FCC system 228 comprises a CO boiler 122, to which the exhaust gas flow 102 purified by means of the cleaning device 104 can be fed or supplied.
  • a CO boiler 122 By means of such a CO boiler 122, in particular carbon monoxide contained in the exhaust gas stream 102 can be converted and used for heat generation.
  • the exhaust gas stream leaving the CO boiler 122 is preferably fed to an energy recovery device 118 which is provided with a
  • condensing executed heat exchanger 120 is equipped.
  • this heat exchanger 120 the moisture of the exhaust gas stream is condensed and the released heat, including the latent heat of vaporization of the moisture, delivered to a cooling medium 282.
  • This cooling medium 282 may preferably be burner air and / or boiler water, which provides the released energy to the CO boiler 122 again.
  • a condensate stream 280 may be removed after removal of contaminants as fresh water
  • FIG. 15 illustrated embodiment of a boiler plant 236 includes a boiler 238, which is filled with water, for example.
  • the boiler system 236 further comprises a burner device 240, by means of which heat can be supplied to the boiler 238 and the water contained therein.
  • Hot water, hot water and / or steam can thus be provided in particular by means of the boiler installation 236.
  • the burner device 240 of the boiler system 236 generates during operation of the boiler system 236 exhaust gas, which may contain undesirable impurities, in particular pollutants.
  • the exhaust gas of the burner device 240 is thus preferably supplied as a waste gas stream 102 to a cleaning device 104.
  • the cleaning device 104 in particular comprises a separation device 108 and a supply device 106 as well as a mixing device 112.
  • the cleaning device 104 By means of the cleaning device 104, by suitable supply of additives by means of the feed device 106 and suitable selection of a catalyst material of the separation device 108, in particular desulfurization, denitrification and / or dust separation for cleaning the exhaust gas flow 102 can be carried out.
  • urea and / or lime-containing additives are supplied by means of the feeding device 106.
  • Particulates are then deposited by means of separation elements 150 of the separation device 108. Harmful gases, in particular nitrogen oxides, are preferably reduced catalytically.
  • the purified waste gas stream leaving the purification device 104 is preferably supplied to an energy recovery device 118, which is equipped with a condensing heat exchanger 120.
  • this heat exchanger 120 the moisture of the exhaust gas stream is condensed and the released heat, including the latent heat of vaporization of the moisture, delivered to a cooling medium 282.
  • This cooling medium 282 may preferably be burner air and / or boiler water, which is the
  • a condensate stream 280 may after removal of impurities as
  • Fresh water can be used in-process and / or external.
  • a purified exhaust gas stream 102 of the boiler installation 236 can thus be obtained.
  • a plant 242 for the production of iron and / or steel preferably comprises a plant 244 for ore processing and / or a sintering plant 245th
  • exhaust gases may arise, which contain undesirable impurities, in particular pollutants, and therefore can only be discharged purified to the environment.
  • the system 242 therefore includes one or more cleaning devices 104 for cleaning one or more exhaust streams 102.
  • one or more cleaning devices 104 are provided, by means of which an exhaust gas stream 102 from one or more mixing sections 246 of the system 242 can be cleaned.
  • this may be a mixing section 246 in which ore is mixed with limestone and / or coke.
  • this may be a mixing section 246, in which already thermally treated ore is mixed with a mixture of untreated ore, limestone and / or coke.
  • One or more further cleaning devices 104 may, for example, be provided in one or more separating sections 250.
  • a separating section 250 may be provided for grinding and / or separating coke.
  • a separating section 250 may be provided for separating different components of a substance mixture discharged from an oven 252 of the system 242.
  • a cleaning device 104 may be provided, for example, in a cooling section 248 in which substances or mixtures of substances discharged from the furnace 252 are cooled.
  • the cleaning devices 104 preferably each comprise one
  • the purified exhaust gas stream exiting the purifying devices 104 is supplied to an energy recovery device 118 equipped with a condensing heat exchanger 120.
  • this heat exchanger 120 the moisture of the exhaust gas stream is condensed and the released heat, including the latent heat of vaporization of the moisture, delivered to a cooling medium 282.
  • This cooling medium 282 may preferably be air that provides the energy released by the sintering plant 245 again.
  • a heat release to a cooling liquid, in particular for heating boiler water may be provided.
  • Condensate stream 280 may after removal of impurities as
  • Fresh water can be used in-process and / or external.
  • the cleaning devices 104 By means of the cleaning devices 104, it is thus possible in particular to separate solids from the exhaust gas streams 102 and to convert noxious gases into harmless substances.
  • FIG. 17 illustrated embodiment of a plant 300 for the production of cement preferably comprises a plant for cooling clinker 304, a rotary kiln 306, a number of preheat stages 308 (suspension kilns), a mill 310 and a chlorine bypass 312.
  • the rotary kiln gas is preferably withdrawn from a partial flow, the volumetric flow of which results from the chlorine content of the fuel, in particular depending on the chlorine content of the fuel. From this partial stream, the chlorine is removed by cooling and / or kaolin supply, preferably in a mixing chamber 314.
  • the discharge flow of the mixing chamber 314 is cleaned.
  • the purified waste gas stream exiting the purifier 104 may be supplied to an optional energy recovery device 118 equipped with a condensing heat exchanger 120.
  • This cooling medium 282 may preferably be burner air, which provides the energy released to the rotary kiln 306 again.
  • a heat release to a cooling liquid in particular for heating boiler water, may be provided.
  • a condensate stream 280 can be used in-process and / or externally after removal of contaminants as fresh water.
  • the systems 212, 218, 228, 236, 242, 300 illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 17 preferably comprise cleaning devices 104 which have one or more of the features described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11.
  • catalyst separation devices 110 are preferably provided with separating elements 150 formed as filter cartridges 178.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de purification. L'invention vise à créer un dispositif de purification pour la purification d'un flux de gaz d'échappement, ledit dispositif ayant une structure simple et permettant une purification efficace du gaz d'échappement. A cet effet, le dispositif de purification comprend : un dispositif de séparation pour séparer des particules du flux de gaz d'échappement, pour éliminer des composantes acides du flux de gaz d'échappement et/ou pour convertir catalytiquement au moins une substance nocive, en particulier un gaz nocif, sortant du flux de gaz d'échappement ; et/ou un dispositif de recyclage de l'énergie, en particulier un dispositif de condensation, pour profiter de la chaleur d'évaporation latente et/ou d'un condensat de la vapeur d'eau sortant du flux de gaz d'échappement.
EP15756380.0A 2014-08-29 2015-08-14 Dispositif de purification, utilisation d'un dispositif de purification et procédé pour la purification d'un flux de gaz d'échappement Withdrawn EP3185994A1 (fr)

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DE102014112419.7A DE102014112419A1 (de) 2014-08-29 2014-08-29 Reinigungsvorrichtung, Verwendung einer Reinigungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Abgasstroms
DE102015208029.3A DE102015208029A1 (de) 2015-04-30 2015-04-30 Reinigungsvorrichtung, Kalzinieranlage und Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Rohgasstroms
PCT/EP2015/068726 WO2016030207A1 (fr) 2014-08-29 2015-08-14 Dispositif de purification, utilisation d'un dispositif de purification et procédé pour la purification d'un flux de gaz d'échappement

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