EP3183324B1 - Hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes - Google Patents
Hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3183324B1 EP3183324B1 EP15750369.9A EP15750369A EP3183324B1 EP 3183324 B1 EP3183324 B1 EP 3183324B1 EP 15750369 A EP15750369 A EP 15750369A EP 3183324 B1 EP3183324 B1 EP 3183324B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic fluid
- meth
- viscosity index
- acrylate
- viscosity
- Prior art date
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 ester compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;disodium;dinitrate;nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[K+].[O-]N=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UICXTANXZJJIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-hydroperoxycyclohexyl)peroxycyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(O)OOC1(OO)CCCCC1 UICXTANXZJJIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGJCFVYMIJLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylperoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOOCCCCCCCCCCCC LGJCFVYMIJLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanobutan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CC)C#N AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JUIBLDFFVYKUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexan-2-yl] 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC JUIBLDFFVYKUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N abcn Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C#N)N=NC1(C#N)CCCCC1 KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000011 acetone peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019401 acetone peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes.
- PIM plastic injection molding processes
- Injection molding is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting material into a mould at well controlled temperatures, pressures and cycle times. Injection moulding can be performed with a host of materials, including metals, glasses, elastomers, confections, and most commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Material for the part is fed into a heated barrel, mixed, and forced into a mold cavity, where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the cavity.
- Injection moulding machine is actuated by hydraulic system, wherein the electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy through hydraulic energy. The energy reaches the actuators in the form of pressure and volume flow. While transmitting power through hydraulic forces, a loss of energy is observed due to flow losses and friction. In addition, the compression of hydraulic fluid develops frictional heat, which has to be controlled for example by cooling. Pump type and control of that pump also contribute heavily to how efficient a molding machine is in processing the plastic.
- EP 2337832 discloses a method of reducing noise generation in a hydraulic system, comprising contacting a hydraulic fluid comprising a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer with the hydraulic system.
- the hydraulic fluid has a Viscosity Index VI of at least 130.
- the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate has a molecular weight in the range of 10 000 to 200 000 g/mol and is obtained by polymerizing a mixture of olefinically unsaturated monomers, said mixture comprising preferably 50 to 95 wt% C 9 to C 16 and 1 to 30 wt% of C 1 to C 8 .
- Target of the invention described in EP 2337832 was the reduction of noise which is achieved by increasing oil viscosities at higher temperatures.
- EP 2157159 discloses a hydraulic fluid containing, as a base oil, an ester containing at least two ring structures. It is described that the hydraulic fluid has low energy loss due to compression and exhibits excellent responsiveness when being used in a hydraulic circuit. Consequently, the hydraulic fluid realizes energy-saving, high-speed operation and high precision of control in the hydraulic circuit.
- EP 1987118 discloses the use of a fluid with a viscosity improving index of at least 130 for the use in hydraulic systems like engines or electric motors.
- This fluid comprises a copolymer of C 1 to C 6 (meth)acrylates, C 7 to C 40 (meth)acrylates and optionally further with (meth)acrylates copolymerizable monomers in a mixture of an API group II or III mineral oil and a polyalphaolefine with a molecular weight below 10,000 g/mol. It is neither shown here that such a fluid is also usable in an injection molding machine nor which specific composition of the fluid would be applicable in such a machine.
- the improvement of energy efficiency is a common object in the technical field of injection molding. Usually such objects are achieved by construction improvements of the unit providing mechanical energy of the hydraulic system. However, there is still a need for further improvements with regard to that object. Accordingly, the purpose of the present invention was to provide a method for saving energy, increase productivity, avoid heating, improve air release and avoid cavitation over a broad temperature operating window in a hydraulic system used in plastic injection molding processes.
- the object of the present invention to improve the performance of a hydraulic system in a plastic injection molding machine with energy savings of at least 5% and of up to 10%, compared to the performance of a machine when run with a standard fluid having a VI around 100 as recommended by the producers of injection molding machines. It was also object to realize an energy saving for single, very energy consuming process steps of more than 10%.
- a hydraulic fluid is applied in a plastic injection molding process.
- the hydraulic fluid composition thereby comprises
- the polydispersity index of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver is between 1 and 4, preferred between 1.2 and 3.0 and most preferred between 1.5 and 2.5.
- component a) examples are, among others, (meth)acrylates, fumarates and maleates, which derived from saturated alcohols such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate and/or pentyl (meth)acrylate; cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates, like cyclopentyl (meth)acrylate. Methacrylates are even preferred over acrylates.
- Monomers b) are (meth)acrylates, fumarates and maleates that derive from saturated alco-hols, such as n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, heptyl (meth)acrylate, 2-tert-butylheptyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, 3-isopropylheptyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, undecyl (meth)acrylate, 5-methylundecyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methyldodecyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, 5-methyltridecyl (meth)acrylate, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate and/or pentadecyl (meth)acrylate.
- the base oil (ii) is selected from API group I, II, III or IV base oils or a mixture thereof.
- the formulated hydraulic fluid of this invention has a fresh oil viscosity index of at least 160, a viscosity at 40°C of 15 cSt to 51 cSt and a density at 15°C of 800 kg/m 3 to 860 kg/m 3 .
- API group IV base oils in form of polyalphaolefin (PAO) or mixtures of API group I to IV base oils containing at least 50 wt.% polyalphaolefins.
- Synthetic hydrocarbons especially polyolefins are well known in the art as API group IV base oils. These compounds are obtainable by polymerization of alkenes, especially alkenes having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, like propene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene and 1-dodecene, or mixtures of these alkenes.
- Preferred PAOs have a number average molecular weight in the range of 200 to 10000 g/mol, more preferably 500 to 5000 g/mol.
- the hydraulic fluid composition comprises 70 to 95 wt.%, more preferably 80 to 95 wt.% and even more preferably 80 to 90 wt.% of the base oil (ii) selected from API group I, II, III or IV base oils or mixture thereof and 5 to 30 wt.%, more preferably 5 to 20 wt.% and even more preferred 10 to 20 wt.% of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver (i).
- the base oil (ii) selected from API group I, II, III or IV base oils or mixture thereof
- 5 to 30 wt.% more preferably 5 to 20 wt.% and even more preferred 10 to 20 wt.% of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver (i).
- hydraulic fluids corresponding to this invention having a viscosity index of at least 180, preferred of at least 200, especially preferred of at least 250 and a viscosity at 40°C of 15 cSt to 36 cSt, preferred between 15 cSt and 28 cSt, especially preferred between 19 cST and 28 cST. Furthermore, it is advantageous, if the hydraulic fluid has a density at 15°C of 800 kg/m 3 to 840 kg/m 3 .
- the viscosity index improver might be added in a solvent.
- this solvent is also an API group I, II, III or IV oil. It is especially preferred that this solvent is identical to the base oil of the composition. Independently from the solvent that is used here it has to be calculated as part of the base oil in the composition.
- the VII solution that is added contains 20 to 40 wt.% solvent.
- the viscosity index can be determined according to ASTM D 2270.
- the hydraulic fluid composition according to this invention may also contain a Dispersant-Inhibitor package (DI package) to improve parameters like foam, corrosion, oxidation, wear and others.
- DI package may comprise antioxidants, antifoam agents, anticorrosion agents and/or at least one Phosphorous or Sulfur containing antiwear agent.
- High VI hydraulic fluids are typically applied in mobile applications such as excavators. In these applications the hydraulic fluid has to deal with a broad variety of temperatures - very low starting temperatures in winter and very high temperatures under heavy load conditions.
- the high VI of the fluid is required to keep the viscosity as close as possible to the optimum.
- the optimum is defined by the balance between mechanical efficiency which requires a thin oil and volumetric efficiency which requires a thick oil to minimize losses by internal leakage in the pump. In regular operating conditions and especially under heavy load conditions volumetric efficiency becomes the dominant factor and the viscosity index improver can greatly improve the efficiency by increasing the viscosity of the fluid.
- the injection molding application is completely different compared to an excavator. The outside temperature is constant, the work cycle is well defined and heavy load conditions are avoided if possible. For this reason the oil temperature is rather constant and high VI base fluids are generally not used. Usually ISO46 monograde fluids are recommended by the producers of injection molding machines.
- system performance of the hydraulic system can be improved.
- the expression system performance means the work productivity being done by the hydraulic system within a defined period of time.
- the system performance can be improved at least 5%, more preferably at least 10 %.
- the work cycles per hour can be improved.
- the monomer mixtures described above can be polymerized by any known method.
- Conventional radical initiators can be used to perform a classic radical polymerization. These initiators are well known in the art. Examples for these radical initiators are azo initiators like 2,2'-azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) and 1,1 azo-biscyclohexane carbonitrile; peroxide compounds, e.g.
- ethyl ketone peroxide methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetyl acetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, tert.-butyl per-2-ethyl hexanoate, ketone peroxide, me-thyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert.-butyl per-benzoate, tert.-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, 2,5-bis(2-ethylhexanoyl-peroxy)-2,5-dimethyl hexane, tert.-butyl peroxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, tert.-butyl peroxy- 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoate, dicumene peroxide, 1,1 bis(tert. butyl peroxy) cyclohexane, 1,1
- Poly(meth)acrylates with a lower molecular weight can be obtained by using chain transfer agents. This technology is ubiquitously known and practiced in the polymer industry and is de-scribed in Odian, Principles of Polymerization, 1991 .
- ATRP Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
- RAFT Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer
- the polymerization can be carried out at normal pressure, reduced pressure or elevated pressure.
- the polymerization temperature is also not critical. However, in general it lies in the range of -20 to 200°C, preferably 60 to 120°C, without any limitation intended by this.
- the polymerization can be carried out with or without solvents.
- solvent is to be broadly understood here.
- the polymer is obtainable by a polymerization in API Group I, II or III mineral oil or in API group IV synthetic oil.
- the injection molding machine that was used to create the data was Krauss Maffei KM 80/380 CX.
- the energy consumption of the hydraulic pump was calculated by measuring voltage and current of the pump motor with external test equipment (measuring amplifier MX 840 PAKAP; element for voltage recording MX 403 B, 1000V; both from Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH). Before testing the system was flushed with the hydraulic fluid to be used and the oil parameters were checked to ensure that the previous oil was properly purged and no mixing with previous oils occurred.
- Table 1 shows viscometric data for fresh oils, oil fill for trial and for the oil collected after the trial.
- Figure 1 Description of a typical injection molding cycle
- the cycle begins when the mold closes (Step 1), followed by building up a pressure (Step 2a) which is required to keep the mold closed during injection.
- Step 2a After moving the extruder to the mold (Step 2b), material is injected (Step 3) and a working pressure is maintained to compensate material shrinkage during molding (Step 4).
- the work piece can be coated with a CoverForm® process step (Step 4.1, applied in Cycle A).
- the extruder is moved back when the cooling phase has started (Steps 5 and 6). At the end of the cooling phase the mold is opened (Step 7) and the work piece can be removed (Step 8).
- Table 2 shows the differences in energy consumption (savings are negative values) found for cycle A, cycle B and an evaluation of Step 1 and Step 2 taken from cycle A data.
- Cycle A Step 1 + Step 2 (2a+2b) + Step 4.1 + Step 7 + Step 8
- Cycle B Step 1 + Step 2 (2a+2b) + Step 7 + Step 8
- Steps 1, 2, 4.1, 7 and 8 are independent of the material which is injected. Consequently, the energy savings are independent on the plastic material properties.
- the coating step 4.1 is optional and part of the CoverForm® process.
- Cycle A (with coating) and cycle B (without coating) evaluate the influence of this step on energy savings.
- Table 2 Differences in energy consumption with investigated hydraulic fluids Comparative Ex 1 Comparative Ex 2 Ex 1 Ex 2 Ex 3 Ex 4 ⁇ energy consumption versus reference oil [%] Cycle A - 3.6 -4.9 -7.5 -6.7 - Cycle B 2.5 5.1 -5.4 -7.9 -5.2 -9.5 Step 1 + Step 2 - 2.1 -7.0 -8.6 -5.7 - Cycle A: process steps which are material independent, with CoverForm® process step
- Cycle B process steps which are material independent, without CoverForm® process step Step 1 + Step 2: fully material independent steps before material injection
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Description
- The present invention relates to the use of hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes. Thereby it was surprisingly found that the use of hydraulic fluids with the right combination of physical parameters like the viscosity grade, the viscosity index, the density and the dispersancy allows for significant energy savings in plastic injection molding processes (PIM). The PIM process is an industrial process to manufacture plastic parts at well controlled temperatures, pressures and cycle times. The energy consumption of the process became more important over the last years, however, other parameters like process stability and accuracy of plastic part parameters as well as machine protection and long oil drain intervals have to be satisfying.
- Injection molding is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting material into a mould at well controlled temperatures, pressures and cycle times. Injection moulding can be performed with a host of materials, including metals, glasses, elastomers, confections, and most commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Material for the part is fed into a heated barrel, mixed, and forced into a mold cavity, where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the cavity.
- The power required for this process of injection molding depends on the various movements in the molding machine, but also varies between materials used. The book Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide from Robert Todd states that the power requirements depend on a material's specific gravity, melting point, thermal conductivity, part size, and molding rate. Injection moulding machine is actuated by hydraulic system, wherein the electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy through hydraulic energy. The energy reaches the actuators in the form of pressure and volume flow. While transmitting power through hydraulic forces, a loss of energy is observed due to flow losses and friction. In addition, the compression of hydraulic fluid develops frictional heat, which has to be controlled for example by cooling. Pump type and control of that pump also contribute heavily to how efficient a molding machine is in processing the plastic.
- In the state of the art some efforts were made to save energy by modification of the injection molding machines. In
EP 0 403 041US 4,020,633 a completely new concept for the whole hydraulic drive system of the injection molding machine is disclosed. But none of these concepts touches the hydraulic fluid that is used here. Therefore it must be possible to realize additional energy savings by optimizing these fluids. -
EP 2337832 discloses a method of reducing noise generation in a hydraulic system, comprising contacting a hydraulic fluid comprising a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer with the hydraulic system. The hydraulic fluid has a Viscosity Index VI of at least 130. The polyalkyl(meth)acrylate has a molecular weight in the range of 10 000 to 200 000 g/mol and is obtained by polymerizing a mixture of olefinically unsaturated monomers, said mixture comprising preferably 50 to 95 wt% C9 to C16 and 1 to 30 wt% of C1 to C8.
Target of the invention described inEP 2337832 was the reduction of noise which is achieved by increasing oil viscosities at higher temperatures. For this effect high viscosities and high densities are beneficial and the high VI of the fluids is used to increase the viscosity at the operating temperature.
In the present invention a completely different approach is used to increase the energy efficiency. A high VI is used to enable a reduction of the base fluid viscosity. This reduced viscosity in combination with a low density of the hydraulic base fluid increases the efficiency of the injection molding process. In comparison toEP 2337832 it is not expected that hydraulic fluids according to the present invention decrease the noise level. -
EP 2157159 discloses a hydraulic fluid containing, as a base oil, an ester containing at least two ring structures. It is described that the hydraulic fluid has low energy loss due to compression and exhibits excellent responsiveness when being used in a hydraulic circuit. Consequently, the hydraulic fluid realizes energy-saving, high-speed operation and high precision of control in the hydraulic circuit. -
EP 1987118 discloses the use of a fluid with a viscosity improving index of at least 130 for the use in hydraulic systems like engines or electric motors. This fluid comprises a copolymer of C1 to C6 (meth)acrylates, C7 to C40 (meth)acrylates and optionally further with (meth)acrylates copolymerizable monomers in a mixture of an API group II or III mineral oil and a polyalphaolefine with a molecular weight below 10,000 g/mol. It is neither shown here that such a fluid is also usable in an injection molding machine nor which specific composition of the fluid would be applicable in such a machine. - However, there still exists a need to investigate further on possible alternative hydraulic fluid compositions to be used in a hydraulic system subject to high working pressure, like in plastic injection molding processes.
- The improvement of energy efficiency is a common object in the technical field of injection molding. Usually such objects are achieved by construction improvements of the unit providing mechanical energy of the hydraulic system. However, there is still a need for further improvements with regard to that object. Accordingly, the purpose of the present invention was to provide a method for saving energy, increase productivity, avoid heating, improve air release and avoid cavitation over a broad temperature operating window in a hydraulic system used in plastic injection molding processes.
- Especially was the object of the present invention to improve the performance of a hydraulic system in a plastic injection molding machine with energy savings of at least 5% and of up to 10%, compared to the performance of a machine when run with a standard fluid having a VI around 100 as recommended by the producers of injection molding machines. It was also object to realize an energy saving for single, very energy consuming process steps of more than 10%.
- Especially it was the object of the present invention to realize this energy saving by providing a new hydraulic fluid for the use in plastic injection molding machines.
- Further objects not explicitly discussed here may become apparent herein below from the prior art, the description, the claims or exemplary embodiments.
- The above-indicated prior art documents relating to injection molding processes try to reduce energy consumption, but without changing oil parameters. After an exhaustive investigation, the inventors have unexpectedly found that the hydraulic fluid plays a crucial role for saving energy in plastic injection molding processes, and in particular that some hydraulic fluid compositions adjusted to the right physical parameters, allow for energy savings of up to 5 % or more in the overall plastic injection molding process (PIM), or more than 10 %, mostly up to 15 % for certain step of the PIM process. Indeed, by adjusting the viscosity grade, the viscosity index, the density and dispersancy of the hydraulic fluid as defined in
claim 1, the inventors have found that a significant amount of energy can be advantageously saved, even by operating at high pressure conditions as it is usual in PIM processes. - In detail, the objects discussed above have been solved by a novel method of reducing the energy consumption of a hydraulic system in an industrial hydraulic application, preferably in a plastic injection molding process. In this method a hydraulic fluid is applied in a plastic injection molding process. The hydraulic fluid composition thereby comprises
- (i) a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver consisting of monomer units of
- a) 10 to 25 wt.% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I)
- wherein R is equal to H or CH3,
- R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
- R2 and R3 independently represent H or a group of the formula -COOR', wherein R' is H
- or an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and
- b) 75 to 90 wt.% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (II)
- wherein R is equal to H or CH3,
- R4 represents a linear or branched alkyl group with 7 to 15 carbon atoms,
- R5 and R6 independently represent H or a group of the formula -COOR", wherein R" is
- H or an alkyl group with 6 to 15 carbon atoms,
- a) 10 to 25 wt.% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I)
- (ii) a base oil selected from API group I, II, III or IV base oils or mixture thereof,
wherein the formulated hydraulic fluid has
a fresh oil viscosity index of at least 160,
a viscosity at 40°C of 15 mm2/s to 51 mm2/s,
a density at 15°C of 800 kg/m3 to 860 kg/m3. - The polydispersity index of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver is between 1 and 4, preferred between 1.2 and 3.0 and most preferred between 1.5 and 2.5.
- Examples of component a) are, among others, (meth)acrylates, fumarates and maleates, which derived from saturated alcohols such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate and/or pentyl (meth)acrylate; cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates, like cyclopentyl (meth)acrylate. Methacrylates are even preferred over acrylates.
- Monomers b) are (meth)acrylates, fumarates and maleates that derive from saturated alco-hols, such as n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, heptyl (meth)acrylate, 2-tert-butylheptyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, 3-isopropylheptyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, undecyl (meth)acrylate, 5-methylundecyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methyldodecyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, 5-methyltridecyl (meth)acrylate, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate and/or pentadecyl (meth)acrylate.
- For this invention the base oil (ii) is selected from API group I, II, III or IV base oils or a mixture thereof. By using one of these base oils or mixtures of at least two of these base oils together with the viscosity index improver (VII) described above the formulated hydraulic fluid of this invention has a fresh oil viscosity index of at least 160, a viscosity at 40°C of 15 cSt to 51 cSt and a density at 15°C of 800 kg/m3 to 860 kg/m3. Especially preferred are API group IV base oils in form of polyalphaolefin (PAO) or mixtures of API group I to IV base oils containing at least 50 wt.% polyalphaolefins.
- Synthetic hydrocarbons, especially polyolefins are well known in the art as API group IV base oils. These compounds are obtainable by polymerization of alkenes, especially alkenes having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, like propene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene and 1-dodecene, or mixtures of these alkenes. Preferred PAOs have a number average molecular weight in the range of 200 to 10000 g/mol, more preferably 500 to 5000 g/mol.
- In particular the hydraulic fluid composition comprises 70 to 95 wt.%, more preferably 80 to 95 wt.% and even more preferably 80 to 90 wt.% of the base oil (ii) selected from API group I, II, III or IV base oils or mixture thereof and 5 to 30 wt.%, more preferably 5 to 20 wt.% and even more preferred 10 to 20 wt.% of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver (i). Especially suitable are hydraulic fluids corresponding to this invention having a viscosity index of at least 180, preferred of at least 200, especially preferred of at least 250 and a viscosity at 40°C of 15 cSt to 36 cSt, preferred between 15 cSt and 28 cSt, especially preferred between 19 cST and 28 cST. Furthermore, it is advantageous, if the hydraulic fluid has a density at 15°C of 800 kg/m3 to 840 kg/m3.
- By calculating the hydraulic fluid composition, it has to be considered that the viscosity index improver (VII) might be added in a solvent. In a preferred embodiment of this invention this solvent is also an API group I, II, III or IV oil. It is especially preferred that this solvent is identical to the base oil of the composition. Independently from the solvent that is used here it has to be calculated as part of the base oil in the composition. Usually the VII solution that is added contains 20 to 40 wt.% solvent.
- The viscosity index can be determined according to ASTM D 2270.
- The hydraulic fluid composition according to this invention may also contain a Dispersant-Inhibitor package (DI package) to improve parameters like foam, corrosion, oxidation, wear and others. This DI package may comprise antioxidants, antifoam agents, anticorrosion agents and/or at least one Phosphorous or Sulfur containing antiwear agent.
- High VI hydraulic fluids are typically applied in mobile applications such as excavators. In these applications the hydraulic fluid has to deal with a broad variety of temperatures - very low starting temperatures in winter and very high temperatures under heavy load conditions. The high VI of the fluid is required to keep the viscosity as close as possible to the optimum. The optimum is defined by the balance between mechanical efficiency which requires a thin oil and volumetric efficiency which requires a thick oil to minimize losses by internal leakage in the pump. In regular operating conditions and especially under heavy load conditions volumetric efficiency becomes the dominant factor and the viscosity index improver can greatly improve the efficiency by increasing the viscosity of the fluid.
The injection molding application is completely different compared to an excavator. The outside temperature is constant, the work cycle is well defined and heavy load conditions are avoided if possible. For this reason the oil temperature is rather constant and high VI base fluids are generally not used. Usually ISO46 monograde fluids are recommended by the producers of injection molding machines. - For these reasons it would not be expected to see an advantage of high VI fluids in an application as injection molding, but surprisingly we found significant energy savings when low-viscosity hydraulic fluids with high VI were used. Completely opposed to the well-described energy savings with high VI fluids in excavators the efficiency increase in injection molding is largest under low load conditions.
- Surprisingly said method as defined above respectively in
claim 1 not only achieves the above-mentioned objectives, but also advantageously provides an increased oil life time with consequent longer drain intervals for the hydraulic system. - Furthermore, the system performance of the hydraulic system can be improved. The expression system performance means the work productivity being done by the hydraulic system within a defined period of time. Particularly, the system performance can be improved at least 5%, more preferably at least 10 %. In preferred systems, the work cycles per hour can be improved.
- For the synthesis of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver (i) the monomer mixtures described above can be polymerized by any known method. Conventional radical initiators can be used to perform a classic radical polymerization. These initiators are well known in the art. Examples for these radical initiators are azo initiators like 2,2'-azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) and 1,1 azo-biscyclohexane carbonitrile; peroxide compounds, e.g. methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetyl acetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, tert.-butyl per-2-ethyl hexanoate, ketone peroxide, me-thyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert.-butyl per-benzoate, tert.-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, 2,5-bis(2-ethylhexanoyl-peroxy)-2,5-dimethyl hexane, tert.-butyl peroxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, tert.-butyl peroxy- 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoate, dicumene peroxide, 1,1 bis(tert. butyl peroxy) cyclohexane, 1,1 bis(tert. butyl peroxy) 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane, cumene hydroperoxide and tert.-butyl hydroperoxide.
- Poly(meth)acrylates with a lower molecular weight can be obtained by using chain transfer agents. This technology is ubiquitously known and practiced in the polymer industry and is de-scribed in Odian, Principles of Polymerization, 1991.
- Furthermore, novel polymerization techniques such as ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization) and or RAFT (Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer) can be applied to obtain useful polymers derived from alkyl esters. These methods are well known. The ATRP reaction method is described, for example, by J-S. Wang, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 117, pp. 5614-5615 (1995), and by Matyjaszewski, Macromolecules, Vol. 28, pp. 7901-7910 (1995). Moreover, the patent applications
WO 96/30421 WO 97/47661 WO 97/18247 WO 98/40415 WO 99/10387 WO 98/01478 - The polymerization can be carried out at normal pressure, reduced pressure or elevated pressure. The polymerization temperature is also not critical. However, in general it lies in the range of -20 to 200°C, preferably 60 to 120°C, without any limitation intended by this. The polymerization can be carried out with or without solvents. The term solvent is to be broadly understood here. According to a preferred embodiment, the polymer is obtainable by a polymerization in API Group I, II or III mineral oil or in API group IV synthetic oil.
- The invention is illustrated further in the following non-limiting example and the comparative example (reference oil). The example below serves for further explanation of preferred embodiments according to the present invention, but are not intended to restrict the invention. All results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
- For determining the energy consumption, different test oils were compared with a reference (ISO VG 46 monograde Castrol Hyspin DF Top 46, VI = 100).
- The following hydraulic fluids are used:
Table 1: Hydraulic fluid formulations Formulation KV40 [mm2/s] KV100 [mm2/s] VI density@15°C [kg/L] Comparative Example 1 0.85% Hitec 521 Fresh oil: 46.6 7.6 131 0.847 8% Nexbase 3060 Fill for trial: 46.6 7.6 130 91.15% Nexbase 3080 After trial: 46.5 7.6 130 Comparative Example 2 Aral Forbex SE Fresh oil: 47.2 8.2 148 0.973 Fill for trial: 47.0 8.2 149 After trial: 46.9 8.2 149 Reference Oil Castrol Hyspin DF Fresh oil: 45.7 6.7 100 0.873 Top 46 Fill for trial: 45.7 6.7 100 After trial: 45.7 6.7 100 Example 1 5.8% PAMA-1 Fresh oil: 46.3 8.4 160 0.851 0.85% Hitec 521 Fill for trial: 46.3 8.4 160 21% Nexbase 3080 After trial: 46.1 8.3 158 72.35% Nexbase 3060 Example 2 14.2% PAMA-1 Fresh oil: 46.6 9.8 203 0.853 0.85% Hitec 521 Fill for trial: 46.2 9.7 201 17.45% Nexbase 3060 After trial: 46.0 9.6 200 67.5% Nexbase 3043 Example 3 8.8 % PAMA-1 Fresh oil: 32.0 7.0 189 0.842 DI package Fill for trial: 32.1 7.0 189 Nexbase 3043+3060 After trial: 32.3 7.0 189 Example 4 20% PAMA-2 Fresh oil: 25.7 7.5 285 0.831 DI package Fill for trial: 25.8 7.5 283 PAO-2 After trial: 25.7 7.4 281 - The polyalkylmethacrylate viscosity index improver PAMA-1 consists of 13 wt.% of methyl methacrylate and 87 wt.% of C12-14 alkyl methacrylates (Mw = 52,000 g/mol, PDI = 2.1), dissolved in highly refined mineral oil.
- The polyalkylmethacrylate viscosity index improver PAMA-2 consists of 10 wt.% of methyl methacrylate and 90 wt.% of C12-15 alkyl methacrylates (Mw = 58,000 g/mol, PDI = 2.0), dissolved in highly refined mineral oil.
Properties Method Kinematic viscosity at 40°C, mm2/s ASTM D445 Kinematic viscosity at 100°C, mm2/s ASTM D445 VI ASTM D2270 Density at 15°C, kg/L ASTM D1298 - The injection molding machine that was used to create the data was
Krauss Maffei KM 80/380 CX. The energy consumption of the hydraulic pump was calculated by measuring voltage and current of the pump motor with external test equipment (measuring amplifier MX 840 PAKAP; element for voltage recording MX 403 B, 1000V; both from Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH). Before testing the system was flushed with the hydraulic fluid to be used and the oil parameters were checked to ensure that the previous oil was properly purged and no mixing with previous oils occurred. Table 1 shows viscometric data for fresh oils, oil fill for trial and for the oil collected after the trial. - During testing, molding cycles were run with a PLEXIGLAS®-molding compound which was, in cycle A, covered with CoverForm® Reactive-Liquid cf30OA monomer mixture.
- The evaluation of data has focussed on process steps without polymer to avoid any influence of polymer properties on the results.
- The cycle begins when the mold closes (Step 1), followed by building up a pressure (Step 2a) which is required to keep the mold closed during injection. After moving the extruder to the mold (Step 2b), material is injected (Step 3) and a working pressure is maintained to compensate material shrinkage during molding (Step 4). Optionally, the work piece can be coated with a CoverForm® process step (Step 4.1, applied in Cycle A). The extruder is moved back when the cooling phase has started (
Steps 5 and 6). At the end of the cooling phase the mold is opened (Step 7) and the work piece can be removed (Step 8). - Table 2 shows the differences in energy consumption (savings are negative values) found for cycle A, cycle B and an evaluation of
Step 1 andStep 2 taken from cycle A data.Cycle A: Step 1 + Step 2 (2a+2b) + Step 4.1 +Step 7 +Step 8Cycle B: Step 1 + Step 2 (2a+2b) + Step 7 +Step 8 - Within this cycle, Steps 1, 2, 4.1, 7 and 8 are independent of the material which is injected. Consequently, the energy savings are independent on the plastic material properties.
- The coating step 4.1 is optional and part of the CoverForm® process. Cycle A (with coating) and cycle B (without coating) evaluate the influence of this step on energy savings.
Table 2: Differences in energy consumption with investigated hydraulic fluids Comparative Ex 1Comparative Ex 2Ex 1Ex 2Ex 3Ex 4Δ energy consumption versus reference oil [%] Cycle A - 3.6 -4.9 -7.5 -6.7 - Cycle B 2.5 5.1 -5.4 -7.9 -5.2 -9.5 Step 1 + Step 2- 2.1 -7.0 -8.6 -5.7 - Cycle A: process steps which are material independent, with CoverForm® process step
Cycle B: process steps which are material independent, without CoverForm® process step
Step 1 + Step 2: fully material independent steps before material injection - On the basis of the above results, it is clearly demonstrated that physical parameters of the base oil in combination with a viscosity index improver as defined in
claim 1 are crucial in order to observe energy savings in an hydraulic system used under the high pressure conditions of a plastic injection molding process. - Although illustrated and described herein with reference to certain specific embodiments, the present invention is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
- Method of reducing the energy consumption of a hydraulic system, comprising applying a hydraulic fluid in a plastic injection molding process, characterized in that the hydraulic fluid composition comprises(i) a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver consisting of monomer units ofa) 10 to 25 wt.% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I)
wherein R is equal to H or CH3,R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms,R2 and R3 independently represent H or a group of the formula -COOR', wherein R' is Hor an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, andb) 75 to 90 wt.% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (II)
wherein R is equal to H or CH3,R4 represents a linear or branched alkyl group with 7 to 15 carbon atoms,R5 and R6 independently represent H or a group of the formula -COOR", wherein R" isH or an alkyl group with 6 to 15 carbon atoms, whereinthe weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver (i) is 40,000 to 70,000 g/mol, and(ii) a base oil selected from API group I, II, III or IV base oils or mixture thereof,
wherein the formulated hydraulic fluid has
a fresh oil viscosity index of at least 160,
a viscosity at 40°C of 15 mm2/s to 51 mm2/s,
a density at 15°C of 800 kg/m3 to 860 kg/m3. - The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic fluid has a density at 15°C of 800 kg/m3 to 840 kg/m3.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic fluid has a viscosity index of at least 180, a viscosity at 40°C of 15 to 36 mm2/s and a density at 15°C of 800 to 860 kg/m3.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydraulic fluid has a viscosity index of at least 200, a viscosity at 40°C of 15 to 28 mm2/s and a density at 15°C of 800 to 840 kg/m3.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydraulic fluid has a viscosity index of at least 250, a viscosity at 40°C between 19 mm2/s and 28 mm2/s and a density at 15°C of 800 to 840 kg/m3.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver comprises a polydispersity index of between 1.5 and 2.5.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydraulic fluid composition comprises
70 to 95 wt.% of the base oil selected from API group I, II, III or IV base oils or mixture thereof and
5 to 30 wt.% of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver. - The method according to claim 7, wherein the hydraulic fluid composition comprises
80 to 95 wt.% of the base oil and
5 to 20 wt.% of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver. - The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base oil comprises at least 50 wt.% polyalphaolefins.
- The method according to claim 9, wherein the polyalphaolefin has a number average molecular weight in the range of 200 to 10000 g/mol.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydraulic fluid composition comprises a Dispersant-Inhibitor package, comprising antioxidants, antifoam agents, anticorrosion agents and/or at least one Phosphorous or Sulfur containing antiwear agent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL15750369T PL3183324T3 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2015-08-07 | Hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14181237 | 2014-08-18 | ||
| PCT/EP2015/068272 WO2016026719A1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2015-08-07 | Hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3183324A1 EP3183324A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
| EP3183324B1 true EP3183324B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
Family
ID=51355474
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15750369.9A Active EP3183324B1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2015-08-07 | Hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170218295A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3183324B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106661490B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2957330C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL3183324T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016026719A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA3044616A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-21 | Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh | Pleated filter element and filter cartridge formed therefrom |
| MX2023005739A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2023-05-25 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Compressor oils with high viscosity index. |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5821313A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1998-10-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions |
| JP3831203B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2006-10-11 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Viscosity index improver and lubricating oil composition |
| US20070197410A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-23 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Energy efficiency in hydraulic systems |
| BRPI0920408A2 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2015-12-22 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | hydraulic fluid composition that reduces hydraulic system noise. |
| DE102010038615A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Polyalkyl (meth) acrylate for improving lubricating oil properties |
-
2015
- 2015-08-07 EP EP15750369.9A patent/EP3183324B1/en active Active
- 2015-08-07 US US15/326,076 patent/US20170218295A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-08-07 PL PL15750369T patent/PL3183324T3/en unknown
- 2015-08-07 CA CA2957330A patent/CA2957330C/en active Active
- 2015-08-07 CN CN201580043890.7A patent/CN106661490B/en active Active
- 2015-08-07 WO PCT/EP2015/068272 patent/WO2016026719A1/en active Application Filing
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| Title |
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| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106661490B (en) | 2020-02-28 |
| WO2016026719A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
| CA2957330C (en) | 2022-04-26 |
| EP3183324A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
| US20170218295A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
| PL3183324T3 (en) | 2021-08-02 |
| CA2957330A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
| CN106661490A (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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