EP3181771A1 - Cross-element for reinforcing a perforation endangered area of a concrete element, steel pile and steel pile device, reinforcement device, mounting kit for an antiperforation reinforcement and method for mounting an antiperforation reinforcement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a steel mushroom with a cross member. The steel mushroom is intended to be arranged within a pierce-prone area of a concrete component (4 '). The cross member comprises at least three arms (3a 3d) interconnected in a common center (z1), which extend in mutually different directions from the center (z1) towards the frame (2). The cross element (3) is designed as a component that is weld-free in the region of the center (z1) (of the same material), wherein arms (3a-3d) and center (z1) are formed in one piece.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a cross-member for a steel mushroom for at least partially arranging within a piercing-prone area of a concrete component according to the features in the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a steel mushroom according to features according to the preamble of claim 7 and a steel mushroom assembly according to the features of the preamble Furthermore, the invention relates to a reinforcing arrangement for at least partial arrangement within a pierce-prone area of a concrete component with at least one steel toe according to claim 14. The invention also relates to a mounting kit for mounting a punching reinforcement for a concrete component according to claim 15 and a method for reinforcing a puncture-prone area in a concrete component according to claim 16.

Technological background

In concrete construction, in particular those regions of a component are considered to be puncture-endangered, which act essentially perpendicular to their extension subject to concentrated load introduction. This is relevant in practice, for example, in slender ceiling or floor or foundation plates. Concentrated load discharges arise, for example, in skeleton construction by supporting supporting elements on which rests the respective component or is loaded by them. Static dimensions to be performed in this context serve to demonstrate that the transverse force acting, for example, at points does not exceed the transverse force that can be absorbed in the load introduction area of the component.

In order to increase the resistance in a piercing-prone area of a concrete component, various possibilities are already known. Since the resistance is dependent, in particular, on the load introduction surface, a support element embodied as an individual support can, for example, be configured in such a way that it has an enlarged cross-section overall or at least for the concrete component region which is to be pierced. Due to the resulting from such cross-sectional enlargements optical and spatial constraints, however, solutions are preferred, which are quasi "invisible" limited to the piercing-prone area of the overlying or loaded concrete component. In addition to an increase in the sometimes required shear reinforcement also special solutions are used, which include specially designed for punching punishment elements.

An extremely practicable possibility here is that known in the art and in Fig . 1 in a perspective view shown classic steel mushroom 1 '. This includes a self-contained square frame 2' and a cross member 3 ', which is disposed within the frame 2'. In the present case, the cross element 3 'comprises a total of four arms 3a' - 3d ', which are connected together in a common center z1', from where they extend to the frame 2 '. Two of the arms 3a ', 3c' are presently formed by a common component in the form of a flat steel, which extends between the open inner cross section of the frame 2 '. In contrast, the two other arms 3b ', 3d' are designed as individual parts, with the cross element 3 'as a whole being designed as a welded construction. Intended use the steel mushroom 1 'is poured into a region of a concrete component which is subject to piercing, which in the present case is a concrete pavement 4' or reinforced concrete pavement. For this purpose, the steel mushroom 1 'is completely arranged within the extending in a longitudinal and transverse direction x, y plane of the concrete surface 4' above a perpendicular thereto in a vertical direction z extending support 5 ', so that the concrete surface 4' on the steel fungus 'is superimposed on the support 5'.

Fig. 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a steel mushroom 1 'known in the prior art in a plan view, whose arranged above the support 5' cross member 3 'a total of six arms 3a' - 3f. Of the steel mushroom 1 ', also designed as a welded construction, a total of four of its arms 3b', 3d 'extend parallel to the longitudinal direction x, while the remaining arms 3a', 3c 'extend in the transverse direction y. Recognizable here are the two arms 3a ', 3c' formed of a contiguous flat steel, while the other arms 3b ', 3d' via two transversely spaced y spaced centers z1 'are welded to this.

From the DE 20 2008 012 547 U1 goes out a steel mushroom, which is also composed essentially of a frame and at least one arranged within the frame cross member. The frame is formed from welded together U-profiles, the inner region is crossed out by the arms of the cross member. The arms of the cross member are elaborately welded to each other as well as to the frame, whereby production and transport are also complex. All the more so, as the variety of necessary welds in addition to their preparation also requires appropriate tests. This is where the invention begins:

Description of the invention

To simplify punching reinforcement measures and make them more cost effective, especially with regard to manufacturing and distribution costs Reinforcement components, proposes the invention, in particular frameless, cross member for a steel mushroom with the features according to claim 1 before. A simplification and improvement of puncture reinforcement measures is further provided by a steel toenail according to claim 7, a reinforcing structure according to claim 11, a reinforcing structure according to claim 14, a mounting set according to claim 15 and a method for reinforcing a punctured area of a concrete element according to claim 16 Further details, features and advantages of the objects of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

At least one aspect of the invention is based on the fact that the cross element, in particular in the region or in the immediate vicinity of the center of the element, as a weld-free component and in this respect is formed of the same material respectively in one piece. The cross element is also frameless, but can be used in a suitable frame. The cross element itself does not include a weld (joint). The resulting advantage is seen in the now already finished training of the cross member, wherein the arms are already connected to each other due to the uniform material respectively one-piece design. This eliminates complex welding of the individual arms in the region of the center of the cross member and the arms with each other, as a result of which the need for further testing of the welds due to prefabrication can be eliminated. By eliminating the need for welding in the manufacturing process for producing the (one-piece or unitary) cross element, it is possible to achieve reliable reproducibility of the cross element, which may also facilitate its approval. In this case, provide an embodiment of the cross member about web-like arms. Due to the loading direction, these are advantageously oriented within the frame such that their height, which extends perpendicularly to the resting or loaded concrete component, exceeds their thickness. The cross member may be formed of a metal or of a metal alloy. Conveniently, the cross element is forged, cast or pressed. It can be provided that the cross member is cured and / or coated. According to an advantageous variant, the cross element is made of a (construction) steel.

It can be provided that the cross member is at least partially formed of forged steel. Alternatively or in addition to this, the cross member may be formed at least partially made of cast steel. In particular, at least partially producing the cross member made of cast steel allows its very simple production by means of known casting. The use of forged steel, its density and thus its strength may be at least partially increased, whereby forces in the reinforced concrete component can be introduced.

The cross member for a steel mushroom for reinforcing a concrete component may preferably be formed symmetrically. This means that his arms have a uniform length and shape. Due to the symmetrical design of the cross member a constant load distribution is achieved. According to an alternative embodiment for this purpose, the cross member may also be formed asymmetrically. Hereafter, for example, his arms may have a different length and / or shape. Such an asymmetrical configuration of the cross member may be advantageous, for example, if the overall shape of the steel mushroom has to adapt to local conditions. This is the case for example in any corner areas and / or breakthroughs within the piercing-prone area. For example, in connection with an oval concrete component, such as an oval column, a cross member may be appropriate that in a (total) width, which is less than the (total) length.

A simplification of puncture reinforcement measures results from the steel fungus according to claim 7. The steel mushroom comprises a frameless cross member described herein which is to be arranged in a frame, respectively arranged. In a particularly preferred manner, the cross member is connected via at least one of its arms directly to the frame. According to the invention, this compound can preferably be done by positive engagement or about by welding. As a result, for example, a simple transport and installation allows, as cross element and frame are clearly determined to one another and / or fixed in position. If a welded connection is provided between the cross element and the frame, the welded joint would be designed in such a way that it enables a secured force transmission between the cross element and the frame. Of course, deviating from or complementary embodiments are also conceivable, which allow a sufficient connection and thus load transfer via the cross member into the frame, waiving a cohesive connection. To name here, for example, the at least partially forming suitable undercuts, which correspond to parts of the frame and / or the arms.

A further simplification of punching reinforcements results from the steel mushroom arrangement according to claim 11, wherein several of the cross elements described herein are provided, which are approximately connectable to each other. The steel mushroom assembly may include a frame. Within the frame are arranged several of the cross elements described herein.

According to a preferred development of the steel mushroom according to the invention or the steel mushroom arrangement, a cross element can be arranged with inclusion of at least one intermediate strut within the frame. This means that the at least one intermediate strut extends between one of the arms of the cross member and the frame. Particularly preferably, the intermediate strut can form an extension of the associated arm, wherein the intermediate strut and arm extend in a common direction. By means of a suitable shape adaptation of the intermediate strut to the associated arm, its strong axis can thus advantageously be extended beyond the intermediate strut. The intermediate strut thus allows the use of the cross member in the form of a modular system, so that a shape-identical cross member can be combined with differently designed frame. In this way, there are also large distances between the free end of an arm of the cross member and the frame bridged by a correspondingly long designed intermediate strut.

Based on the aspect of the modular system, the cross member of the steel mushroom or the steel mushroom assembly can also be arranged with the inclusion of several intermediate struts within the frame. In this case, the number of intermediate struts preferably corresponds to the number of arms of the cross element. In other words, the respective ends of the arms of the cross member may be spaced from the surrounding frame as a whole, so that the individual intermediate struts each extend between one of the arms and the frame. In particular against the background of a standardized production of the cross element, this can thus advantageously be used for variously dimensioned frames, without necessarily requiring adaptation of the cross element itself to the respective frame geometry.

In connection with the use of at least one intermediate strut, it is considered to be particularly advantageous if the at least one intermediate strut is welded to the frame and the associated arm of the cross member. This also applies to the use of multiple intermediate struts, which are then also welded in a particularly preferred manner both with the associated arm of the cross member and with the frame. As a result, the necessary welding work is reduced only to the connection of the cross member with the frame directly or with the aforementioned intermediate strut / s and the frame. After that eliminates the need for welding the arms of the cross element itself entirely, whereby the manufacturing cost is reduced overall and the safety of the sometimes highly loaded cross member is increased.

In the context of the invention, it is considered particularly advantageous if the at least one intermediate strut is formed from flat steel. In the arrangement of two or more intermediate struts, these are preferably also formed of flat steel. The advantage in the use of flat steel is in particular in its standardized availability with respect to the design of the steel fungus, closer its cross element. Furthermore, an immediate welding of an intermediate strut made of flat steel with the frame and the cross member is feasible.

According to a preferred further development of the inventive idea, the steel mushroom arrangement may comprise two or more cross elements, which are arranged together within a common frame. In this way, the steel mushroom assembly thus configured is not reduced to a single center of a single cross member for load transfer. By increasing the number of cross elements of the steel mushroom naturally also increases the number of arms, whereby a constant load distribution and load reduction is possible. In connection with the arrangement of two or more cross elements is provided that they can be preferably connected to each other via at least one of its arms. In a particularly preferred manner, the cross elements can be welded together via their arms, in particular at the ends of the arms. Advantageously, the cross elements can be aligned with each other so that at least two arms are aligned. Alternatively or in addition to this, individual cross elements can also be connected to one another, in particular welded, with the interposition of an intermediate strut. Regardless of the particular type of connection of the individual cross elements with each other, these can either directly (over the ends) of the respective arms connected to the frame or with appropriate interposition of intermediate struts with these, in particular welded.

In principle, the frame of the steel mushroom or of the steel mushroom arrangement can have different shapes, as a result of which it can be adapted to the respective loads and / or in particular also to local conditions. Conceivable here are, for example, round or angular configurations, of which the latter may have, for example, a quadrangular or a rectangular shape. Regardless of the invention provides that the frame of a single steel profile or preferably a plurality of interconnected Steel profiles can be formed. When using several steel profiles, these are welded together in an advantageous manner. For example, U, L or I profiles are suitable as possible steel profiles.

With regard to the cross member of the steel mushroom according to the invention, a preferred development provides that it can taper towards the free ends of its arms. In other words, its arms can be narrowed in their extension, whereby an advantageous cross-sectional adaptation to the respective loads is possible. This is relevant, for example, because of the sometimes required dimensions of a steel puff and the associated weight.

With a view to the simplest possible joining (welding) of the cross member with a further thereto (adjacent) cross member and / or the frame, it is considered particularly advantageous if at least one of the arms of the cross member at its free end, approximately on one longitudinal side of a Arms, d. H. one-sided, arranged, bevel possesses. In the present case, a bevel is understood to mean a surface located at the end section of the respective arm, which is inclined with respect to the associated side face of the arm (corner is "broken"). In particular, it can be provided that the end section of the arm slims down towards its free end.

The included between the side surface of the arm and the chamfer angle can be determined depending on the weld to be made. The chamfer is intended to form the respective weld between the arms of two cross members or an arm of a cross member and the frame of the steel mushroom or the steel mushroom assembly as an advantageous V-seam. In this way, the components to be joined can be welded together on impact, whereby any negative influences from cross-sectional jumps or changes in shape, for example, by an overlap at least partially overlapping, are avoided.

The steel mushroom or the steel mushroom arrangement according to the invention can be such that at least one of the arms of the cross element has chamfers arranged on both sides at its free end. This means that the end portion of the corresponding arm is chamfered towards its free end on both opposite side surfaces such that a substantially wedge-shaped cross-section results from this. The two bevels enclose an angle of 180 ° or less than 180 ° (≤ 180 degrees) between them. The advantage resulting from such a free end or end section of an arm consists in the possibility of arranging two opposing V-seams, so as to butt the components to be joined together.

In this context, it is further contemplated that the two chamfers have an identical or different in their respective size inclined surface. This may for example be due to the fact that the two bevels are inclined differently with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, so that, for example, a chamfer runs flat, while the opposite chamfer is configured steeply towards the end of the arm.

According to an advantageous development, the arms of the respective cross element may have a rounded transition region between them. Such a transition region, which is also referred to as a "throat", has the advantage of improved force transmission, since such an unfavorable stress concentration on any surfaces perpendicular to one another or even cross-sectional jumps is effectively avoided.

In the context of the invention, it is considered particularly advantageous if the steel mushroom has a coupling point arranged in the center of the cross element. Such a coupling point is intended to transport the steel mushroom directly or, for example, incorporating a suitable bonding agent. Since such steel fungi are sometimes large in size and may have a correspondingly high weight, they are moved in practice by means of a crane at their location sometimes far above the ground location. For this purpose, it is considered to be particularly advantageous if the connection can be made, for example, with such a crane on the aforementioned coupling point. In this way, for example, a security risk and / or any damage to the steel mushroom due to its unfavorable connection with a crane can be safely avoided. Moreover, the coupling point can be arranged so that the steel mushroom is freely suspended horizontally aligned. As a result, its installation is facilitated overall.

According to a development of the coupling point is provided that it may be formed as an internal thread having an opening. In this way, the steel mushroom according to the invention can be coupled in an advantageous manner, for example, with a connecting means having a corresponding external thread. This can be, for example, a screw-in hook element, which in turn can be connected to a crane, for example.

Due to its design, the steel mushroom according to the invention now presented allows its extremely economical production method. In particular, the material unitary integral formation of the central cross member of the at least one cross member in the form of a weld-free component facilitates its easy reproducibility and use for different geometries of the cream. Particularly noteworthy here is the usability of the thus formed cross element in the sense of a simply adaptable steel mushroom modular system or mounting kit. In this case, find one or more such cross elements use, which are then connected in a suitable manner either directly or via corresponding intermediate struts with the frame.

Furthermore, the invention is directed to an amplification arrangement, which is suitable for at least partial arrangement within a punch-endangered area of a concrete component. For this purpose, the reinforcing arrangement comprises at least one steel mushroom, which may be a steel mushroom according to the invention as indicated above in a particularly advantageous manner. Besides the use of at least one steel mushroom, the reinforcement arrangement according to the invention knows at least one additional punch-through security element which can be arranged around the steel mushroom. Naturally, the at least one puncture-proofing element is intended to be arranged, at least in regions, additionally within the region of the concrete component to be punctured. Through the use of the at least one punch-through proof element, the resistance of the concrete component thus equipped can be increased beyond a shear failure due to punching through the use of at least one steel mushroom. The advantages resulting from the use of the steel mushroom have already been explained in detail in connection with the presentation of the steel mushroom according to the invention, so that reference is made to avoid repetition at this point to the corresponding statements.

Further details, features and advantages of the objects of the invention will become apparent from the claims and from the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which - by way of example - some embodiments of a steel mushroom according to the invention are shown.

Brief description of the figures

Fig. 3 - Fig. 6

vier Ausführungsformen eines Stahlpilzes zur zumindest teilweisen Anordnung innerhalb eines durchstanzgefährdeten Bereiches eines nicht näher dargestellten Betonbauteils in einer Draufsicht;

Fig. 7

ein Detail des in den Fig. 3 - Fig. 6 gezeigten Stahlpilzes in Alleinstellung in einer Draufsicht;

Fig. 8

das Detail aus Figur 7 in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 9 - Fig. 13

fünf Ausführungsformen des Details aus Figur 7 in selber Darstellungsweise; und

Fig. 14 - Fig. 17

vier beispielhafte Ausführungsformen eines Endabschnitts des in Fig. 7 - Fig. 13 gezeigten Details.

In the drawing show

Fig. 3 - Fig. 6

four embodiments of a steel mushroom for at least partial arrangement within a punch-endangered region of a concrete component, not shown in a plan view;

Fig. 7

a detail of the in the Fig. 3 - Fig. 6 shown steel mushroom alone in a plan view;

Fig . 8th

the detail FIG. 7 in a side view;

Fig. 9 - 13.

Five embodiments of the details FIG. 7 in self-presentation; and

Fig 14 - Fig. 17.

four exemplary embodiments of an end portion of in Fig. 7 - Fig. 13 shown details.

Detailed description of embodiments

Fig. 3 shows the top view of a steel mushroom 1 according to the invention, which comprises a frame 2 and a arranged inside the frame 2 cross member 3. The cross element itself has no frame. In the present case, the frame 2 has the shape of a quadrangle (rectangle, square), which is composed of individual, interconnected steel sections 2a-2d. The steel profiles 2a-2d may preferably be U-profiles, the respective open side of which faces away from the cross element 3. The steel profiles 2a-2d are oriented to each other so that each one of its end faces with a lateral end portion of an adjacent steel profile 2a-2d are in contact. Preferably, the steel profiles 2a-2d are welded together in their respective contact areas in a manner not shown in detail. Alternatively it can be provided that the cross element is inserted into corresponding receptacles of the frame parts (not shown in FIG Fig. 3 ).

With a view to the arranged inside the frame 2 cross element 3 it is clear that this has a total of 4 arms 3a-3d. The arms 3a-3d are connected together in a common center z1. For this purpose, the cross member 3 is integrally formed as a weld-free component material. In each case two of the arms 3a-3d lying in a line are aligned with one another, of which the arms 3a, 3c extend in a longitudinal direction x and the arms 3b, 3d extend in a transverse direction y of the steel mushroom 1. In the present case, the center z1 of the cross member 3 is located centrally within the frame 2 and extends in a vertical direction z of the steel mushroom 1. Due to the symmetrical design of the cross member 3 in each case close two of immediately adjacent arms 3a-3d at an angle of 90 ° between them. As can be seen, the cross element 3 is matched to the frame 2 such that its arms 3a-3d are each in contact with the inner side surfaces of the frame 2 at the ends or nearly in contact.

Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the steel fungus 1 from Fig. 3 , In contrast to this, the steel mushroom 1 shown here has a significantly larger frame 2 or a significantly smaller with respect to the frame 2 cross member 3, the arms 3a-3d do not reach even to the inner side surface of the frame 2. To bridge the distance thus present, the cross element 3 is arranged with the inclusion of a plurality of intermediate struts 4a-4d within the frame 2. As can be seen, the number of intermediate struts 4a-4d is based on the number of arms 3a-3d of the cross element 3. One of the four intermediate struts 4a-4d extends between in each case one of the arms 3a-3d and an associated inner side surface of the frame 2 Advantageously, the intermediate struts 4a-4d may be welded in the form of an extension of the associated arms 3a-3d of the cross member 3 both to the frame 2 and to the respectively associated arm 3a-3d in a manner not shown in detail. Preferably, the intermediate struts 4a-4d are formed from flat steel.

Fig. 5 shows a second variant of the steel fungus 1 from FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , which in the present case has a total of two cross elements 3. The two cross members 3 are arranged within the frame 2 so that they touch with one of their arms 3b, 3d frontally along the vertical direction z of the steel mold 1. Furthermore, the thus interconnected arms 3b, 3d are aligned with each other, while the remaining arms 3a, 3c are each extended over an intermediate strut 4a, 4c, 4e to the inner side surfaces of the frame 2 out. Since the extending in the transverse direction y of the steel mold 1 arms 3b, 3d of the two cross members 3 naturally closer to the frame 2 zoom, which are also in the transverse direction y extending intermediate struts 4e opposite to the parallel to the longitudinal direction x extending intermediate struts 4a, 4c formed correspondingly shorter , As a result, here are the two cross members 3 below Integration of the intermediate struts 4a, 4c, 4e arranged within the frame 2.

Fig . 6 shows a further alternative embodiment in the form of a third variant of the steel mushroom 1. As can be seen, this now comprises a total of four cross members 3, which are in contact with each other via two each of their mutually facing arms 3a-3d. The existing to the inner side surfaces of the frame 2 distance of individual arms 3a-3d of the cross members 3 is also bridged by intermediate struts 4e, which now all shorter than, for example, the intermediate struts 4a-4d Fig. 4 are formed.

Fig. 7 is to take a single cross element 3 in isolation. The integrally formed as a weld-free component material integrally cross member 3 is formed in the form shown here in such a way that its facing away from each other, identically formed arms 3a-3d taper towards their respective ends 5a-5d total. For this purpose, the respective opposite cheeks of the individual arms 3a-3d are inclined at an angle α with respect to the longitudinal direction x or transverse direction y. In the present case, the angle a = 7 °. In addition, the individual arms 3a-3d have chamfers 6a, 6b arranged on both sides at their respective free ends 5a-5d. As a result, the free ends 5a-5d of the arms 3a-3d have wedge-shaped end sections in addition to their already inclined cheeks. For this purpose, the two bevels 6a, 6b are inclined at an angle b parallel to the longitudinal direction x or transverse direction y. In the present case, the angle b = 40 °, so that the two opposite chamfers 6a, 6b of the respective arm 3a-3d enclose an angle of 100 ° between them. Due to the presently symmetrical configuration of the cross member 3, the arms 3a-3d have a uniform shape and length L. As can be seen, the respective adjacent arms 3a-3d are further configured such that they have a rounded transition region 7a-7d in the form of a groove between them.

The cross element 3 can basically have a coupling point 8 arranged in the region of its center z1, which can serve, for example, for transporting the steel mushroom 1.

Fig. 8 again shows the cross element 3 of Fig. 7 in a side view. As can be seen, this extends in the vertical direction z, the height H of which exceeds a width d of the individual arms 3a-3d (cf. Fig. 7 ).

The Fig. 9 to Fig. 13 show alternative embodiments of the cross member 3 Fig. 7 , Starting with Fig . 9 For example, the cross member 3 shown here has symmetrically arranged arms 3a-3d, whose respective width d is constant over their length L. The free ends 5a-5d of the arms 3a-3d are made blunt, so that the end faces (free ends 5a-5d) of the arms 3a-3d extend at right angles to their cheeks.

Fig. 10 illustrates again the wedge-shaped configuration of the free ends 5a-5d of the arms 3a-3d of the cross member 3, as already out Fig. 7 known.

The Fig. 11 to Fig. 13 show asymmetrical embodiments of the cross member 3, which differ in particular in the length L of some of their arms 3a-3d. Starting with Fig. 11 the arms 3a, 3c extending in the longitudinal direction x are designed to be significantly shorter than the arms 3b, 3d extending in the transverse direction y. In addition, the individual arms 3a-3d have mutually arranged chamfers 6a, 6b at their respective free ends 5a-5d, as already stated Fig. 7 and Fig. 10 seen.

Fig. 12 is opposite to in Fig. 11 shown cross member 3 such that now this shows arms 3a-3d with a total of three different lengths L. In direct comparison to the cross element 3 Fig. 11 It can be seen that one of the arms 3a, 3c extending in the longitudinal direction x is designed so that its length L lies between the lengths L of the shortest arm 3a and the two longest arms 3b, 3d.

Fig. 13 shows an embodiment of the cross member 3, which essentially a combination of two cross members 3 Fig. 11 equivalent. Said combination is to be understood only in relation to its shape, as well as the cross member 3 shown here as a weld-free component of the same material is formed integrally. As can be seen, this comprises a total of four arms 3a, 3c which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction x and which are designed shorter than the two arms 3b, 3d extending in the transverse direction y (cf. Fig. 11 ).

Out FIGS. 14 to 17 show alternative embodiments for the free ends 5a-5d of the arms 3a-3d of a cross member 3. At the example of 3d arm shows Fig. 14 an embodiment of its free end 5d, and they already out Fig. 7 and Fig. 10 to Fig. 13 evident. After that, its free end 5d has chamfers 6a, 6b arranged on both sides, resulting in a wedge-shaped configuration. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the two bevels 6a, 6b, their respective inclined surfaces have the same size.

Fig. 15 is to take a chamfer 6a arranged only on one side, whereby the tip of the free end 5d moves virtually to the edge of the arm 3d.

Fig. 16 is a changed arrangement of the chamfers 6a, 6b to the Fig. 14 known. In contrast, the two chamfers 6a, 6a have different inclinations, so that their respective oblique surfaces have mutually different sizes. Independently of this, the tip of the free end 5d and of the arm 3d remains on its system axis (see transverse direction y).

Compared to the design in Fig. 16 shows Fig. 17 a further alternative embodiment, which also comprises two mutually arranged chamfers 6a, 6b. In contrast to the representation in Fig. 16 In the present case, however, the tip of the free end 5d lies outside the system axis of the arm 3d (see transverse direction y).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 '

steel mushroom

2, 2 '

frame

2a-2d

steel section

3, 3 '

cross member

3a-3d, 3a'-3d '

Arm (from 3, 3 ')

4a-4e

intermediate support

4 '

Concrete component (here concrete ceiling or reinforced concrete ceiling)

5a-5d

free end

5 '

support

6a

chamfer

6b

chamfer

7a-7d

Transition area

8th

coupling point

a

angle

b

angle

d

width

H

height

L

length

x

longitudinal direction

y

transversely

z

vertical direction

z1

center

Claims (16)

Cross member for a steel mushroom, the steel mushroom being provided for placement within a pierce-prone area of a concrete component (4 ') comprising at least three arms (3a-3d) interconnected in a common center (z1) extending in directions different from each other Center (z1) extend to the frame (2), characterized in that the cross element (3) as a weld in the region of the center (z1) component is formed of the same material, wherein arms (3a-3d) and center (Z1) in one piece are formed. Cross element according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross element (3) is forged or cast from a metal or a metal alloy, in particular steel. Cross element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross member (3) is formed symmetrically, wherein the arms (3a-3d) have a uniform length (L) and shape, or
in that the cross element (3) is asymmetrical, the arms (3a-3d) of which have a different length (L) and / or shape from each other. Cross element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cross element (3) towards its free ends (5a-5d) out, at least partially, tapered arms (3a-3d), wherein at least one of the arms (3a-3d) 3d) of the cross element (3) has at its free end (5a-5d) in particular a chamfer (6a, 6b) arranged on one side, preferably chamfers (6a, 6b) arranged on both sides, the two chamfers (6a, 6b) arranged on both sides Preferably, an angle of about 180 ° or less than 180 ° (≤ 180 °) between them, and wherein the chamfer (6a, 6b) or the two chamfers (6a, 6b) in particular at least equal in size or different from each other in their respective size Have inclined surfaces. Cross element (3) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the center (z1) of the cross element (3) and / or the arms (3a-3d) of the cross member (3) have at least one rounded transition region (7a-7d) between them. Cross element (3) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a center (z1) of the cross member (3) arranged coupling point (8), wherein the coupling point (8) is preferably formed as an internal thread having an opening. Steel mushroom (1) for arranging within a piercing-prone area of a concrete component (4 '), the steel mushroom (1) comprising a, in particular rectangular, frame (2), characterized in that in the frame (2) of the steel mushroom (1) Cross element (3) according to one of claims 1 to 6 is arranged. Steel mushroom (1) according to claim 7, characterized is that the cross member (3) via at least one of his arms (3a-3d) is directly connected to the frame (2) are welded. Steel mushroom according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the cross element (3) is arranged with the inclusion of at least one intermediate strut (4a-4e) within the frame (2), the intermediate strut (4a-4e) extending between one of the arms (3a -3d) of the cross member (3) and the frame (2), or that the cross member (3) is arranged integrating a plurality of intermediate struts (4a-4e) within the frame (2) whose number of the number of arms (3a) 3d) of the cross member (3), the intermediate struts (4a-4e) each extending between one of the arms (3a-3d) and the frame (2), the intermediate strut (s) (4a-4e) being connected to the frame (4a). 2) and the associated arm (3a-3d) of the cross member (3) is in particular welded / are and / or wherein
the intermediate strut (s) (4a-4e) is / are formed in particular from flat steel. Steel mushroom according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the frame (2) consists of one or more interconnected, in particular welded, steel profiles (2a-2d) is formed. Steel mushroom arrangement characterized by two or more inside the frame (2) arranged cross members (3) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cross members (3) via at least one of its arms (3a-3d) directly with each other or with the interposition of an intermediate strut (4a -4e) connected, in particular welded, are. Steel mushroom arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that
in that at least one cross element (3) is arranged with the inclusion of at least one intermediate strut (4a 4e) within the frame (2), wherein the intermediate strut (4a 4e) is located between one of the arms (3a 3d) of the cross element (3) and the frame (2) extends, or
that at least one cross member (3) by inclusion of several intermediate rods (4a 4e) within the frame (2) is arranged, the number of the number of arms (3a-3d) of the cross member (3), wherein the intermediate supports (4a 4e) in each case between one of the arms (3a 3d) and the frame (2),
wherein the intermediate strut (s) (4a 4e) is / are welded to the frame (2) and the associated arm (3a 3d) of the at least one cross element (3) and / or wherein the intermediate strut (s) (4a 4e) is in particular made of flat steel is formed / are. Steel mushroom arrangement according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the frame (2) consists of one or more interconnected, in particular welded, steel profiles (2a-2d) is formed. Reinforcing arrangement for arranging within a puncture-endangered area of a concrete component (4 '), comprising at least one steel mushroom (1) according to one of claims 7 to 10 or comprising a steel mushroom arrangement according to one of claims 11 to 13,
and at least one punching reinforcement element that can be arranged around the steel mushroom (1) or around the steel mushroom arrangement. Mounting kit for mounting a punching reinforcement for a concrete component (4 '), wherein the mounting takes place at the place where the concrete component (4') is located, wherein the mounting kit comprises at least one cross element (3) according to one of claims 1 to 6 and at least one several steel profiles (2a-2d) comprising steel profile set from which, if necessary, a frame (2) for the cross member (3) is manufacturable, wherein at least one cross element (3) in the from the steel profiles (2a-2d) formable frame (2) fits , and wherein in particular intermediate struts (4a-4e), and / or at least one punching reinforcement element are provided as necessary, can be arranged additional components. B: steel profile set first length, second length ... A method of reinforcing a puncture-prone area in a concrete structure using at least one cross member according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or a steel mushroom according to any one of claims 7 to 10 or a steel mushroom arrangement according to any one of claims 11 to 13 or a reinforcing arrangement according to claim 14 ,

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