EP3180630A1 - Methode de determination de la stabilite d'un produit petrolier contenant des asphaltenes - Google Patents
Methode de determination de la stabilite d'un produit petrolier contenant des asphaltenesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3180630A1 EP3180630A1 EP15749821.3A EP15749821A EP3180630A1 EP 3180630 A1 EP3180630 A1 EP 3180630A1 EP 15749821 A EP15749821 A EP 15749821A EP 3180630 A1 EP3180630 A1 EP 3180630A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- average
- stability
- asphaltenes
- ratio
- petroleum product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010997 low field NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002075 inversion recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000685 Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011545 laboratory measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004525 petroleum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
- G01N24/085—Analysis of materials for the purpose of controlling industrial production systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/007—Visbreaking
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/448—Relaxometry, i.e. quantification of relaxation times or spin density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/107—Atmospheric residues having a boiling point of at least about 538 °C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1074—Vacuum distillates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1077—Vacuum residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/205—Metal content
- C10G2300/206—Asphaltenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining the stability of a petroleum product containing asphaltenes, especially hydrocarbons derived from the distillation of petroleum or a deep oil conversion process.
- the present invention also relates to a deep conversion process or a method for formulating heavy fuel oils using said method.
- Heavy petroleum products including petroleum distillation residues, effluents from thermal conversion processes, catalytic cracking processes, hydrocracking processes, deep hydroconversion processes, hydrotreatment processes for atmospheric residues or under vacuum (ARDS or VRDS) or even the fuel oils from mixtures of heavy products, are mixtures of heavy hydrocarbons with a boiling point greater than or equal to 350 ° C, denoted 350 ° C +.
- These are complex hydrocarbon mixtures, including colloidal systems consisting of asphaltenes.
- Asphaltenes are the heaviest fractions of oil. These are bright black solids whose molecular weight can range from 1,000 to 100,000 Da. Asphaltenes are concentrated in heteroelements and metals: sulfur, nitrogen, nickel and vanadium. Asphaltenes can be defined as the family of molecules insoluble in n-pentane (C5) or n -heptane (C7).
- Asphaltenes are thus highly aromatic heavy molecules having paraffinic side chains, heteroatoms such as S and N and which are dispersed (or also called “peptides") in the form of micelles in a heavy oil or organic phase.
- Asphaltenes have a great influence on the physico-chemical properties of heavy products. Asphaltenes have the ability to flocculate and adsorb to surfaces and form solid deposits. These colloidal systems can be destabilized more or less easily, for example by thermal cracking, by the severity of the processes or by dilution.
- the determination of the flocculation threshold is an essential parameter for characterizing and predicting the stability of a heavy product.
- petroleum products containing asphaltenes can be:
- Effluents resulting from thermal conversion processes such as the visbreaking process, which contain from 10 to 30% by weight of asphaltenes.
- Effluents resulting from catalytic cracking processes such as the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) method, and whose slurry cut (350 ° C + cut) contains 0.1 to 8% by weight asphaltenes.
- FCC Fluid Catalytic Cracking
- the feedstock consists of hydrocarbon feeds having an H / C ratio of at least 0.25.
- the hydrocarbon feeds that can be treated by these processes can be chosen from: atmospheric residues and residues under vacuum, residues from deasphalting unit, deasphalted oils, visbreduced effluents (thermal cracking), heavy effluents 350 ° C + from an FCC unit including slurry (350 ° C +) FCC cut, shale oil, biomass, coal, petroleum coke from delayed coker English), or mixtures of one or more of these products.
- Other raw materials can also be co-treated with petroleum residues: tires, polymers, road bitumens.
- the ARDS / VRDS processes are desulfurization processes for atmospheric or vacuum residues. They make it possible to valorize the atmospheric or vacuum residues and to eliminate undesirable contaminants and thus to pretreat the charge for units located downstream in the refining scheme like the FCC.
- the ARDS or VRDS processes usually operate at temperature conditions between 350 and 450 ° C (terminals included) and preferably between 380 to 410 ° C (inclusive).
- the total pressure is generally 90 to 200 bar, preferably 150 to 170 bar.
- the effluents at the outlet of the ARDS / VRDS unit for example the 370 ° C + cuts, contain up to 5% by weight of asphaltenes.
- Bubbling bed processes employ a supported catalyst which is suspended in the feed to be converted.
- the reactor is a column without internals where gas flows from bottom to top, which keeps the catalyst in suspension. A fraction of the catalyst in the reactor is removed and replaced with fresh catalyst.
- a bubbling bed process enables operation under constant operating conditions with consistent performance and quality over time.
- Commercial processes H-Oil ⁇ and LC-Fining ⁇ can be cited.
- slurry phase process or slurry technology
- slurry phase process used for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon fractions
- Slurry-phase residue hydroconversion technologies use a dispersed catalyst in the form of very small particles, the size of which is less than 500 ⁇ , preferably 1 to 200 nm, more particularly 1 to 20 nm for the fat-soluble precursors.
- the catalysts, or their precursors are injected with the feed to be converted at the inlet of the reactors.
- the catalysts pass through the reactors with the feedstocks and the products being converted, and then are driven with the reaction products out of the reactors.
- the catalysts used in slurry are generally sulfurized catalysts preferably containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mo, Fe, Ni, W, Co, V, Cr and / or Ru; these elements can be coupled to form bimetallic catalysts.
- the catalysts used are generally unsupported catalysts, that is to say that the active phase is not deposited on the surface of a porous solid support but well dispersed directly in the feedstock.
- the catalyst is generally provided in a non-active form, it is called precursor.
- the precursors are generally conventional chemicals (metal salt, phosphomolybdic acid, sulfur compounds, organometallic compounds or natural ores), which are converted into active catalyst in-situ in the reactor or in ex-situ pre-treatment units forming an integral part. hydroconversion processes in slurry phase.
- the precursors are, for example, octoates, naphthenates, metallocenes, oxides or crushed ores.
- the catalyst can be used in a single pass or in recyle mode.
- the catalyst When the catalyst is in a non-active form, that is to say in the form of a precursor, it may be in liposoluble, water-soluble or solid (mineral) form and are widely described in the literature.
- Slurry phase processes can operate in different configurations.
- the reactor outlet catalyst is not recycled to the feedstock to be converted.
- the recycle mode is used when the catalyst retains an activity after a first pass through the reactor.
- recycle mode the catalyst is concentrated after the reaction section and reinjected into the feed to be converted.
- the slurry phase hydroconversion process operates at a high severity in order to be able to convert complex charges.
- the process usually operates at temperature conditions of between 400 and 500 ° C (inclusive) and preferably between 410 and 470 ° C (inclusive).
- the hydrogen pressure is in general from 90 to 250 bar, preferably from 100 to 170 bar.
- the hourly liquid space velocity, expressed in h 1 corresponds to the ratio of the flow rate of the charge on the reaction volume, is for example between 0.05 to 1.5 h 1 (inclusive).
- This process can be carried out in one or more reactors, in series or in parallel, which can be of different types, for example an isothermal bubble column reactor.
- Such a hydroconversion process in slurry phase may comprise, after a hydroconversion step in at least one reactor containing a slurry catalyst containing at least one metal, a step of separation of the hydroconversion effluent.
- This separation step has 3 sub-steps:
- the effluent from the hydroconversion stage is separated into a C6 ⁇ cut and a C6 + cut at high temperature, about 300 ° C, and high pressure, about 150 bar, for example in a distillation column .
- the C6 + effluents from this first sub-stage are called TLP for Total Liquid Product.
- the asphaltene content of said effluents is from 7% to 20% by weight.
- Second sub-step the C6 + cut separated in the previous step is separated into a 350 ° C ⁇ cut and a 350 ° C + cut at atmospheric pressure and at high temperature, about 300 ° C, for example in a distillation column.
- the asphaltene content of the 350 ° C. + cup is from 10% to 20% by weight.
- Third sub-step the 350 ° C + cut separated in the previous step is separated into a 525 ° C ⁇ cut and a 525 ° C + cut by distillation under vacuum and at high temperature, for example greater than 300 ° C.
- the 525 ° C + cut corresponds to the so-called "ultimate slurry" residue.
- Said residue consists of very complex molecules.
- a typical elemental composition of an ultimate slurry residue is as follows:
- Magnetic NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- This technique consists in detecting and monitoring by nuclear magnetic resonance. the kinetics of flocculation of high molecular weight fractions of a complex fluid. This technique has the disadvantage of being particularly long and complex because of the use of high resolution NMR.
- the feedstocks treated are distillates obtained by vacuum distillation, visbreaking distillates and also residues insofar as their metal content is acceptable.
- the process usually operates at temperature conditions of 480 to 540 ° C and pressure conditions of 2 to 3 bar with a specific cracking catalyst.
- the unit produces heavy gasolines (160 ° C-220 ° C), a LCO cut (220 ° C-350 ° C) and a slurry cut (350 ° C +).
- the slurry cup contains from 0.1 to 8% by weight asphaltenes.
- This method applies to atmospheric residues and vacuum residues which contain from 2 to 25% by weight of asphaltenes.
- the oven outlet temperatures are from 400 to 490 ° C depending on the load to be treated.
- the unit may also include a ripening chamber where the reaction continues.
- the pressure is from 5 to 12 bars. The severity of the cracking must be controlled or it will be difficult to obtain an unstable heavy fuel.
- the heaviest fractions resulting from the visbreaking process are the atmospheric residue and under vacuum (350 ° C + -500 ° C). It is a fuel of viscosity improved compared to the load.
- the visbroken residue (RVR) may contain from 15 to 30% by weight of asphaltenes.
- the modification of the structure of the asphaltenes during the cracking process as well as the change in the characteristics of the oily medium may lead to a destabilization of the colloidal solution and to the precipitation of asphaltenes, hence the need to have a method available. fast and effective to determine the level of stability of the product.
- Heavy fuels or heavy fuel oils
- the fuels come from mixtures of two families of constituents: heavy bases and fluxes.
- the heavy base consists for example of vacuum residues from the visbreaking process, or atmospheric or vacuum residues from the distillation of crude oil.
- the fluxing agent consists, for example, of the slurry cut from the FCC process, Light Cycle Oil (LCO), Heavy Cycle Oil (HCO), kerosene and / or diesel fuel (s) from the distillation of crude oil, gas oil (165 ° C-350 ° C) from the Viscoreduction process, heavy gasoline (cut 160 ° C-220 ° C) from the FCC process, pyrolysis oil from the steam cracking process of naphtha .
- the asphaltene content of the mixtures forming the heavy fuels is from 5 to 20% by weight.
- the stability of the fuels is determined by two measures: The measurement of the S-Value as described above and the measurement of the sediment content according to the ISO 10307-2 or ISO 10307-1. This measure determines the propensity of asphaltenes to precipitate and nevertheless has the following drawbacks:
- this method for characterizing the stability of petroleum products containing asphaltenes uses a medium parameter T / i m edium medium or Ti / 2moyen determined by proton NMR. Moreover, the parameter
- Average T2m / Tl or mean / average Ti may be determined by low-proton NMR, also known as time domain NMR.
- low-field NMR is also known for areas as diverse as the agri-food industry or the formulation of construction products. These various uses have been published in a publication entitled “Permanent low-field magnets for industrial process and quality control” published in Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Volume 76, January 2014, Pages 1-60.
- the stability of a petroleum product can thus be defined by the state in suspension of the asphaltenes which are present in said petroleum product.
- the asphaltenes When the asphaltenes are in suspension, it is said that the asphaltenes are peptized in the carbon matrix or metastable. In this state of stability, the asphaltenes remain dispersed within said matrix, as opposed to an unstable petroleum product where the asphaltenes precipitate, in particular on the walls of the support containing said petroleum product.
- Low-field NMR or time domain NMR This is a technique that is based on proton relaxation times ( J H) and characterizes the system by the differences in mobility of the molecules.
- the sample to be analyzed is introduced into a permanent magnetic field Bo and its response is studied after a specific excitation (pulse Bi).
- Pulse Bi Pulse Bi
- We speak of low-field NMR when the magnetic fields Bo put into play vary from 10 mT to about 1.4 T, or for the proton ⁇ of Larmor Vo frequencies ranging from 425 KHz to 60 MHz.
- the relaxation signals Ti are adjusted by the following equation: With Mz (t) magnetization along the Bo axis as a function of time t
- i and n non-zero integers, i ranging from 1 to n, where n is the number of minimum components that can be used to adjust the signal.
- Timoyen corresponding to the arithmetic mean.
- Timoyen may also be the result of the geometric or logarithmic mean.
- T2 The transverse relaxation or spin-spin relaxation (T2), which corresponds to the return to equilibrium of the transverse magnetization (that is to say in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field Bo), denoted Mx.
- n will be chosen with a sufficient value as small as possible, for example from 3 to 5.
- the average T2 can also be the result of the geometric or logarithmic mean.
- NMR sequences can be used to measure the Ti and T2 relaxation times of petroleum products. These are chosen from sequences known to those skilled in the art and which make it possible to measure the relaxation times of all the phases of the sample (rigid phases and mobile phases). In the context of this invention, the NMR sequences below can be used:
- the FID Free Induction Decay
- Tl IR Inversion-Recovery
- Tl SR Saturation-Recovery
- the FID-CPMG sequence (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) which makes it possible to characterize the T2.
- This sequence is an original sequence that combines the measurement of FID during 75 ⁇ , then a measurement of T2 / T2 longer without being affected by the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field Bo.
- the measurements of the relaxation times Ti and T can be carried out one after the other in any order or with the aid of sequences allowing the simultaneous measurement of Ti and T2.
- the Ti is always greater than or equal to T2.
- the present invention consists in proposing a method for determining a parameter representative of the stability of a petroleum product containing asphaltenes, said petroleum product being an effluent resulting from a process for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock or being a hydrocarbon mixture.
- precipitation of asphaltenes results in instability of said petroleum product.
- the method comprises the following steps:
- vs. Is determined as a representative parameter of stability a report means T 2 / Ti or Ti m0 yen m edium / T 2 medium for each of the different petroleum products prepared in step a) and wherein means are means Timoyen values measured during step b) d.
- a threshold value of said stability representative parameter is determined, which is a boundary between a stability domain and an instability domain of a petroleum product.
- the value of the average T / average ratio (or of its mean / average average T 2) of a product can be monitored and compared to the threshold value.
- a function of this ratio T 2m average / Ti average or Timoyen / 2m average can be used to track the stability of the petroleum product.
- step c) can be determined as a representative parameter of stability, the ratio T2moyen / i m edium.
- this value is such that a stable petroleum product has a mean ratio T2moyen / i average less than said threshold value, an unstable petroleum product having a mean ratio T2moyen / i greater than said threshold value.
- the threshold value may or may not be included in the stability domain.
- the petroleum product is stable if its average ratio average T2 / is strictly below the threshold value.
- T2moyen / i m edium is less than a predetermined percentage of the threshold value, for example less than 10%.
- the inverse ratio Ti m medium / 2moyen can be determined during step c).
- the petroleum product when it is an effluent resulting from a conversion process, it may be chosen from a thermal conversion process, a fluid catalytic cracking process, a hydrocracking process, a hydrotreating process, a a fixed bed hydroconversion process, a moving bed hydroconversion process, a boiling bed hydroconversion process, a slurry phase hydroconversion process, a desulfurization process of a vacuum distillation residue, or a residue of atmospheric distillation.
- a thermal conversion process a fluid catalytic cracking process, a hydrocracking process, a hydrotreating process, a a fixed bed hydroconversion process, a moving bed hydroconversion process, a boiling bed hydroconversion process, a slurry phase hydroconversion process, a desulfurization process of a vacuum distillation residue, or a residue of atmospheric distillation.
- the petroleum product resulting from the conversion process may be an effluent of said process or may be a section of the effluent of said process.
- the Petroleum product can be a heavy petroleum product, as previously defined.
- the conversion is said to be deep when the process makes it possible to recover more light molecules. Only a minimal amount of very heavy products, such as very heavy fuels and coke, remain at the end.
- the petroleum product when it is a mixture of hydrocarbons, it is a heavy fuel oil, as defined above.
- said petroleum products have an asphaltenes content of at most 50% by weight and at least 0.1% by weight.
- the asphaltenes content may be at least 1% by weight, or even at least 2% by weight.
- the asphaltenes content may be at most 30%, or even at most 25% or at most 20%.
- the method according to the invention can be applied to petroleum products having asphaltenes contents of 0.1 to 8% by weight, of 1 to 5% by weight, of 2 to 25% by weight, of 5 to 20% by weight. by weight, from 7 to 20% by weight, from 10 to 20% by weight, from 10 to 30% by weight, from 15 to 30% by weight, from 4 to 50% by weight or from 15 to 50% by weight .
- Those skilled in the art can easily determine the number of petroleum product samples prepared in step a), including a sufficient number to determine a stability threshold. For example, in the case where the samples are obtained by operating the conversion process of the same charge at different conversion levels, these can be close to the most commonly used conversion levels and / or frame these levels of conversion. conversion or conversion levels envisaged for the process considered, or frame a conversion level for which instability is often observed. Similarly, when the petroleum product is a mixture, the proportions of the samples may be close to the proportions usually used or envisaged, and / or control these proportions or the proportions of a mixture for which instability is often observed.
- the method according to the invention may also comprise, during step d) of determining a threshold value, a step of determining the S-value values of each of the petroleum products prepared in step a) according to the ASTM D7157 method, said threshold value being chosen equal to the ratio T 2m average / average Ti or average Ti / T 2m average of the mixture whose value of S-value indicates the stability threshold of the asphaltenes.
- this threshold value may be chosen so as to be lower (respectively greater) by a predetermined percentage of the value of the average ratio T 2 / average (respectively imoyen / 2moyen) of the mixture whose value of S- value indicates the stability threshold of asphaltenes. This percentage is for example 10%.
- This embodiment is more particularly suitable for petroleum products for which the S-value method can be used, for example heavy fuel oils.
- the method according to the invention can also comprise during step d) of determining a threshold value, a tracing step of a curve reports T2moyen / i medium calculated based on the composition of said oil products prepared in step a), said threshold value corresponding to a value of the ratio T2moyen / i m eans for which reaches a plateau.
- plateau is meant a zone of the curve in which the ratio average 2 / average is constant or almost constant.
- a ratio is said to be almost constant when its value does not vary by more than 10%, in particular does not vary by more than 5%, depending on the composition of the petroleum products.
- the ratio curve can be plotted according to the conversion levels of each of the petroleum products prepared in step a) when these petroleum products are derived from a conversion process.
- the threshold value can be chosen to be lower by a predetermined percentage the value of the mean / average T ratio for which one arrives at a plateau, this percentage being for example 10%.
- the threshold value can be determined using measurements of T1 and T2, as previously described, or by any other suitable method known to those skilled in the art, such as the measurement of the S-Value described above. or by direct observation of the precipitation, by filtration, & c. Step d) of the present invention is thus not limited to a particular method of determining the threshold value.
- T 2m average / average Tl is then 0.85.
- the main purpose of filtration is to remove flocculated asphaltenes.
- any method adapted to eliminate these can be used.
- the probe used in step b) advantageously has a dead time of less than or equal to 1 1 ⁇ .
- it is preferably proton NMR measurements, in particular proton NMR measurements at low field.
- the invention also relates to a method of monitoring a conversion method, particularly deep, comprising the following steps:
- a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock having an H / C ratio of at least 0.25 is converted
- the mean T 2 / average T 1 OR average T 1 / average T 2 ratio of said cut is NMR by NMR.
- the ratio T 2m average / average Ti or average Ti / T 2m average determined in step c) is compared with a threshold value of the parameter representative of the stability previously determined by means of the determination method according to the characteristics defined previously from different levels of conversion of said load, e. It is deduced whether the predetermined cut is stable or not.
- the invention finally relates to a method of monitoring a mixture of hydrocarbons, in particular for producing a heavy fuel oil, in which, during mixing:
- the ratio T 2m average / mean Ti or average Ti / T 2m average of said mixture is measured by NMR.
- step b is compared ratio T 2M0 yen / Ti or Ti m edium medium / T 2m oyen determined in step a) with a threshold value of said parameter of stability predetermined by means of the determination method according to the invention from mixtures of the same hydrocarbons in different proportions,
- the comparison steps d) and b) of these monitoring methods may consist of a simple comparison between the considered ratio and the threshold value or may consist of a follow-up of a function of the report considered (logarithmic function, exponential function, linear combination. ...) relative to the value of this function for the threshold value.
- a management system such as a microprocessor-type processor, microcontroller or other, for example a processor core or CPU (Central Processing Unit). ").
- the measured data can be stored in storage means which can be a random access memory or a RAM (Random Access Memory), an EEPROM (Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory "), Or other.
- the management system can be part of the management system controlling the process or the mixture.
- FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the mean T / average ratio as a function of the conversion level (example A)
- FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the mean T / mean ratio versus the value of Sa (example B)
- TLP 250 ° C + effluent
- Sample Preparation Approximately 1ml of the effluent / charge to be analyzed by NMR is taken and poured into the bottom of an NMR tube. Since the feedstock and the effluents are very viscous at ambient temperature, it is necessary to heat the sample by passing it in an oven at 110.degree. C. for at least 5 minutes, in order to homogenize it and to liquify it so that it can be sampled.
- the measurements were carried out using a Bruker Minispec MQ20 spectrometer of 0.47 T, operating at 20 MHz for the proton, equipped with a 10 mm probe and whose dead time is 7 ⁇ . "Dead time” means the time from which it is possible to record the signal. The mean duration of the 90 ° and 180 ° pulses is respectively 2.6 and 5.3 ⁇ .
- Step a The longitudinal relaxation time Ti at 60 ° C is measured on different samples. To do this, a sample of TLP (Total Liquid Product) 250 ° C + is taken at different conversion levels.
- TLP Total Liquid Product
- Sample No. 1 corresponds to the load from Safaniya crude, whose asphaltenes content is 7 to 20% by weight. The asphaltenes are found entirely in the TLP samples used hereinafter
- Sample No. 2 corresponds to the effluent (TLP) at a conversion level of 22%
- Sample No. 3 corresponds to the effluent at a conversion level of 51%
- Sample No. 4 corresponds to the effluent at a conversion level of 73%
- Sample No. 5 corresponds to the effluent at a conversion level of 80.5%
- Sample No. 6 corresponds to the effluent at a conversion level of 92%
- the Ti are measured for the above samples and the weighted average of these Ti is made for each of the samples as a function of the% representation of the conversion levels of the sample using equation (2). These values are collated in Table 2.
- Step b The cross-sectional relaxation time T of the samples is measured by low-field NMR and the average T2 weighting T is calculated as a function of the percentage representation of the conversion levels of the sample, using equation (4). ). These values are collated in Table 2.
- the conversion level (or conversion) can be defined as the ratio: % wt of 525 ° C + cut in load -% wt of cut 525 ° C + in effluents% wt of cut 525 ° C + in load
- a graphical representation of the mean T / average ratio as a function of the conversion level as shown in FIG. 1 is plotted.
- the average / average T ratio can be less than 10% of said threshold value.
- TLP 250 ° C + filtered effluent
- the feedstock used to produce TLPs contains from 10% to 20% by weight of asphaltenes. Asphaltenes are found entirely in TLPs. After filtration, the asphaltenes content in the filtered TLP is 8 to 18% by weight.
- TLP contains both flocculated asphaltenes and asphaltenes which are at the limit of flocculation. If the sample is filtered, the flocculated asphaltenes are removed from the sample and only the non-flocculated and thus stable asphaltenes remain.
- a dilution of the TLP in toluene is carried out. After dilution, filtration is carried out under vacuum. A fiberglass filter with a porosity of 0.7 ⁇ can be used. The residual toluene is evaporated by rotary evaporator under nitrogen. The measurement of S-Value, according to ASTM D7157, is carried out so as to obtain the Sa values, ie the intrinsic stability of the asphaltenes.
- conversion level (or conversion) can be defined as the ratio:
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FR1457806A FR3024902B1 (fr) | 2014-08-14 | 2014-08-14 | Methode de determination de la stabilite d'un produit petrolier contenant des asphaltenes. |
PCT/EP2015/068666 WO2016023984A1 (fr) | 2014-08-14 | 2015-08-13 | Methode de determination de la stabilite d'un produit petrolier contenant des asphaltenes |
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JP6961512B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-19 | 2021-11-05 | 日本ポリプロ株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂の定量測定方法 |
EP3839503A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-23 | Total Raffinage Chimie | Méthode d'estimation du pouvoir solvant so d'un fluxant et méthode de prédiction de la stabilité d'un mélange de flux hydrocarboné(s) contenant des asphaltènes et au moins un fluxant |
CN117805351B (zh) * | 2024-03-01 | 2024-05-03 | 吉林建筑大学 | 一种沥青混合料抗疲劳性能综合评价方法 |
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