EP3179552B1 - Ensemble résonateur, filtre de fréquences radio et procédé de filtrage de fréquences radio - Google Patents

Ensemble résonateur, filtre de fréquences radio et procédé de filtrage de fréquences radio Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3179552B1
EP3179552B1 EP15306969.5A EP15306969A EP3179552B1 EP 3179552 B1 EP3179552 B1 EP 3179552B1 EP 15306969 A EP15306969 A EP 15306969A EP 3179552 B1 EP3179552 B1 EP 3179552B1
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Prior art keywords
resonator
wall
resonators
cylinder
grounded
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German (de)
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EP3179552A1 (fr
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Senad Bulja
Efstratios Doumanis
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/202—Coaxial filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/205—Comb or interdigital filters; Cascaded coaxial cavities
    • H01P1/2053—Comb or interdigital filters; Cascaded coaxial cavities the coaxial cavity resonators being disposed parall to each other

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a resonator assembly for telecommunications, in particular for radio-frequency filters, and to a method of radio frequency filtering.
  • Filters are widely used in telecommunications. Applications include base stations for wireless cellular communications, radar systems, amplifier linearization systems, point-to-point radio, and RF signal cancellation systems, to name just a few. Although a specific filter is chosen or designed dependent on the particular application, it is generally desirable for a filter to have low insertion loss in the pass-band and high attenuation in the stop-band. Furthermore, in some applications, the frequency separation (known as the guard-band) between stop-band and pass-band needs to be small, so a filter of a high order is required. Of course as the order of a filter increases, so does its complexity in terms of the number of components the filter requires and hence the filter's size.
  • Q-Factor Quality factor
  • Q quality factor
  • the Q-factor is defined as the ratio of energy stored in the element to the time-averaged power loss.
  • Q is typically in the range of about 60 to 100.
  • Q is higher and can be as high as several thousands.
  • cavity resonators offer sufficient Q but their relatively large size prevents their use in many applications.
  • the miniaturization problem is especially pressing with the advent of small cell base stations, where the volume of the base station should be minimal, since it is important the base station be as inconspicuous as possible (as opposed to an eyesore).
  • the volume of the base station should be minimal, since it is important the base station be as inconspicuous as possible (as opposed to an eyesore).
  • larger more powerful base stations there is a trend in macrocell base stations towards multiband solutions within a similar mechanical housing to that of previous single-band solutions, so filter miniaturization without sacrificing system performance is becoming important for macrocell base stations too.
  • ceramic mono-block filters with external metallization are used. They offer significant size reduction but have a relatively low Q of a few 100's (up to 500), which is too low for many applications. Additionally, the small size of the filters prevents their use in high-power applications, due to relatively high insertion losses and rather limited power-handling capabilities.
  • filters with ceramic resonators are also offer significant size reductions. Furthermore, these filters offer power-handling capabilities that are much higher than those of mono-block filters. However, cost is the main prohibiting factor for wider deployment of these filters.
  • filters made up of resonant cavity chambers that include resonators. These often have multiple resonant cavity chambers connected together in a series so are often know as comb-line filters. In high-power applications, such as those found in mobile cellular communication base stations, there is no real practical alternative to these filters. However it is believed that the relatively large size of cavity filters is the principle factor which limits their widespread use.
  • a resonator assembly comprising a resonant chamber, each chamber comprising a first wall, a second wall opposite the first wall, and side walls; in which the resonator chamber houses at least one resonator; each resonator comprising a first cylinder grounded on one of the first and second walls and extending into the chamber, and a second cylinder which is coaxial with the first cylinder and grounded on the other of the first and second walls and extending into the chamber.
  • the resonator chamber houses two or more resonators, a first set of the resonators having their respective first cylinders grounded on the first wall and their respective second cylinders grounded on the second wall; a second set of the resonators having their respective first cylinders grounded on the second wall and their respective second cylinders grounded on the first wall wherein each resonator of the first set is for magnetic field coupling in proximity with at least one resonator of the second set; and in which in each resonator the first cylinder is an inner cylinder and the second cylinder is an outer cylinder lying coaxially such that along part of their lengths the first cylinder and the second cylinder overlap; and in which the resonators of the first set are in an inter-digitated configuration with the resonators of the second set.
  • An example of the present invention is a resonator assembly comprising a resonant chamber, each chamber comprising a first wall, a second wall opposite the first wall, and side walls; in which the resonator chamber houses two or more resonators, each resonator comprising a first cylinder grounded on one of the first and second walls and extending into the chamber, and a second cylinder which is coaxial with the first cylinder and grounded on the other of the first and second walls and extending into the chamber; a first set of the resonators having their respective first cylinders grounded on the first wall and their respective second cylinders grounded on the second wall; a second set of the resonators having their respective first cylinders grounded on the second wall and their respective second cylinders grounded on the first wall; wherein each resonator of the first set is for magnetic field coupling in proximity with at least one resonator of the second set.
  • Some embodiments provide low -profile miniaturised coaxial distributed resonators, being distributed in the sense that the resonator comprises both a first cylinder and a second cylinder.
  • Some embodiments provide size reduction as compared to the known approaches and provide an increase of the Q-factor for the same cavity size.
  • Some embodiments minimize the physical size and profile of cavity resonators/ filters (that can offer the high Q) so provide a low-profile suitable for use, for example, in small cell base stations.
  • Some embodiments address two significant problems of cavity filters, i.e. the filter cavity size and the frequency-tunable range of the filter. Some embodiments simultaneously provides for (A) reduced physical dimensions of cavity filters and (B)
  • filters are typically the bulkiest and heaviest subsystems in mobile cellular base stations, rivaled only by power-amplifier heatsinks. Therefore filter miniaturization is always desired.
  • a typical envisioned application scenario includes a mobile cellular operator, who has a definite plan to transition his services to a different frequency band sometime in the future, procuring cavity filters for his base stations. If the operator purchases conventional filters, the operator will have to purchase a second set of filters when he decides to transition to the new frequency band. In contrast, some embodiments altogether eliminate the need to purchase the second set of filters, by providing for simple retuning of filters.
  • network providers and manufacturers of mobile cellular base stations tend to stockpile cavity filters, rather than procure them in a built-to-order fashion. Retunability of stockpiled filters without the need to open the filter up is valued.
  • Some embodiments enhances performance and provides a suitable, practical means to reduce the size without compromising frequency tunability and performance.
  • Some embodiments exploit unique electromagnetic characteristics that arise when combline resonators are appropriately placed in the vicinity of each other.
  • the first cylinder is an inner cylinder and the second cylinder is an outer cylinder lying coaxially such that along part of their lengths the first cylinder and the second cylinder overlap.
  • the resonators are disposed in a line.
  • resonators are disposed in a grid configuration.
  • the grid configuration is a rectangle or square or circle.
  • a resonator is provided of the other of the first set and the second set.
  • the resonators alternate along a line, column or row such that one has its inner cylinder grounded on the top wall and outer cylinder grounded on the bottom wall and the next along the line, column or row has its inner cylinder grounded on the bottom wall and outer cylinder grounded on the top wall.
  • the line, column or row is at least partially curved or circular.
  • the resonators of the first set are in an inter-digitated configuration with the resonators of the second set.
  • a tuning screw is provided through one of the first wall and second wall having an adjustable insertion length into the cavity.
  • the tuning screw is disposed through a central position on said one of the first wall and second wall.
  • each resonator Preferably for each resonator a corresponding resonator post is provided grounded on one of the first wall and the second wall and extending along the central longitudinal axis of the respective first and second cylinders.
  • each resonator post is of adjustable insertion length into the cavity.
  • Examples of the present invention also relates to corresponding filter and method of filtering.
  • An example of the present invention relates to a radio frequency filter comprising at least one resonator assembly as indicated above.
  • An example of the present invention relates to a method of radio frequency filtering comprising passing a signal for filtering through at least one resonator assembly, each resonator assembly comprising a resonant chamber, each chamber comprising a first wall, a second wall opposite the first wall, and side walls; in which the resonator chamber houses two or more resonators; each resonator comprising a first cylinder grounded on one of the first and second walls and extending into the chamber and a second cylinder which is coaxial with the first cylinder and grounded on the other of the first and second walls and extending into the chamber; a first set of the resonators having their respective first cylinders grounded on the first wall and their respective second cylinders grounded on the second wall; a second set of the resonators having their respective first cylinders grounded on the second wall and their respective second cylinders grounded on the first wall; wherein each resonator of the first set is for magnetic field coupling in proximity with at least one resonator of the second set.
  • the inventors realised that the effect of multiple resonators is further enhanced when the multiple resonators are arranged in a folded (i.e. grid) configuration, as shown in Fig. 2 , for example as compared to along a line (be it straight or circular).
  • the inventors realised when arranging the rod resonators in a linear or curvilinear fashion, the resonator effect is stronger when the number of resonators is kept small.
  • a distributed resonator 18 consisting of an inner cylinder 20 and an outer cylinder 22.
  • the two cylinders 20,22 are concentric, and at least a portion of the inner cylinder 20 lies within the outer cylinder 22.
  • One of the cylinders 20,22 extends from the top wall 24 of the chamber 18 into the chamber, the other of the cylinders 22,20 extends from the bottom wall 26 of the chamber 18 into the chamber.
  • the equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 4 for this arrangement shown in Figure 3 .
  • each resonator a distributed resonator of a lower order (2 in the example shown in Figure 3 , in other words for example consisting of two cylinders), the inventors realised an enhanced miniaturisation effect is obtained without deterioration of the Q factor.
  • each of these resonators is a distributed resonator, distributed in the sense that each consists of two elements, namely an inner cylinder 32 and an outer cylinder 34.
  • the inner cylinder 32 and outer cylinder 34 are coaxial and hollow.
  • the four distributed resonators are disposed along a notional line within the chamber 28 (so can be consider to be in a linear configuration) and are disposed along the line so as be alternating between a first configuration 36 and second configuration 38.
  • first configuration 36 the inner cylinder extends from the top wall 40 of the chamber 26 and the outer cylinder extends from the bottom wall 42 of the chamber 28.
  • second configuration 38 the inner cylinder 32 extends from the bottom wall 42 of the chamber 26 and the outer cylinder 34 extends from the top wall 40 of the chamber 28.
  • the resonant chamber 28 of course also includes side walls 44, and a cavity defined by the top wall 40, bottom wall 42 and side walls 44 within which the resonators 30 are disposed.
  • a different number of distributed resonators is provided in the resonant chamber.
  • Figure 5 The equivalent circuit of the resonant chamber shown in Figure 5 is shown in a generalised form in Figure 6.
  • Figure 6 is the equivalent circuit for the resonant chamber having n distributed resonators where n is three or more. (In the Figure 5 example n is 4).
  • the resultant composite resonator (made of the multiple distributed resonators) can be denoted as R n,m where n stand for the number of cylinders in each individual distributed resonator and m stands for the number of distributed resonators in the chamber.
  • R n,m stands for the number of cylinders in each individual distributed resonator
  • m stands for the number of distributed resonators in the chamber.
  • the individual resonators are distributed resonators, but multiple distributed resonators 30 are provided.
  • the individual distributed resonator 30 is of second order, i.e. the individual distributed resonator consists of two resonator elements 32,34 coupled together, namely the inner cylinder 32 and the outer cylinder 34.
  • the grid being a square in this example.
  • the grid may be rectangular, substantially circular, substantially oval, or hexagonal, and so on.
  • the distributed resonators are disposed such that along a row or columns between two distributed resonators 36' in the first configuration, a distributed resonator 38' of the second configuration is disposed.
  • the inner cylinder extends from the top wall 40' of the chamber 28' and the outer cylinder extends from the bottom wall 42' of the chamber 28'.
  • the inner cylinder 32' extends from the bottom wall 42' of the chamber 26' and the outer cylinder 34' extends from the top wall 40' of the chamber 28'.
  • the resonant chamber 28' of course also includes side walls 44', and a cavity defined by the top wall 40', bottom wall 42' and side walls 44' within which the resonators 30 are disposed.
  • the distributed resonator of the first configuration 36' includes a coaxial tuning screw 46 extending from the bottom wall 42' of the chamber 28' into the chamber 28'.
  • the distributed resonator of the second configuration 38' includes a coaxial tuning screw 48 extending from the top wall 40' of the chamber 28'in to the chamber 28'.
  • Table 1 the resonant frequencies, f 0 , of the two resonant chambers shown in respective Figures 5 and 7 are presented for comparison. In all cases, the cavity size is identical, 40 x 40 x 12 mm 3 , and the distributed resonators of second order, operating at a frequency of 1113 MHz, are the same. The reported resonant-frequency values were obtained by utilizing the full-wave analysis software tool of CST Studio Suite 2013 by CST AG. www.cst.com/Products/CSTS2 . Table 1: Comparison of resonant frequencies of distributed resonators of Figs. 3,5,7.
  • each of the individual resonators is a distributed resonator, it is possible to include an extra resonator element inside each of the individual resonator elements, as shown in Fig. 7 .
  • These extra resonator elements are the tuning screws 46,48 meaning that, in this example, each individual distributed resonator 30' has its own tuning screw 46,48, which would induce a change in the frequency of operation of the individual distributed resonator element.
  • one more screw 50 is included to the resonator structure of Fig. 7 , suitably positioned in the middle of the cavity.
  • the addition of individual tuning screws 46,48,50 effectively, makes the resonator of Fig. 5 a folded R 3,4 configuration (rather than a folded R 2,4 configuration where the tuning screws were not present).
  • the tuning performance of the resonant chamber of Fig. 7 is presented in Table 2, for the case without any screw intrusion and the case when the tuning screws 46,48,50 penetrate the 12 mm tall cavity by 11 mm. This 11mm penetration leaves 1 mm gap between the open end top of the tuning screws 46,48,50 and the cavity 28', which given the size of cavity, is acceptable.
  • Table 2 Tuning performance of resonator structure of Fig. 7 with no screw intrusion and with a maximum allowable screw intrusion.
  • the proposed structures for resonant chambers including distributed resonators not only offer a substantial reduction in the frequency of operation, but they also lend themselves to frequency tunability.
  • the folded arrangement of 4 distributed resonators ( Fig. 7 ) has a frequency tunability of over 14%, which compares favourably with known standard coaxial resonators, having a typical frequency tunability of about 5%.
  • a resonator assembly is shown which we can refer to by the short-hand R 2,9 where 2 is the number of elements making up a single distributed resonator (in this case an inner cylinder and outer cylinder) and 9 denotes the number of distributed resonators.
  • the number of individual distributed resonator 30', 52 is kept to be 9, (as was the case in the Figure 8 example).
  • a filter may be provided made up of at least one or multiple (e.g. two or more) resonator assemblies as described above.
  • the multiple resonator assemblies may be connected together with appropriate connectors for coupling between the assemblies, for example so as to constitute a combline filter.
  • Figure 10 One example is shown in Figure 10 .
  • three resonator assemblies are provided each consisting of a respective resonant chamber 28' in each of which there are nine distributed resonators 30" disposed in a grid configuration (as described above with respect to Figure 8 ).
  • the three resonant chambers 28' are coupled in a row 27 to form a filter 29.
  • As the filter 29 has three resonant assemblies, it may be referred to as a three-pole filter.
  • a respective coupling wall 31 is provided, so the filter 29 has two coupling walls 31.
  • Each of the coupling walls 31 is of partial height (as opposed to full height) so as to allow electromagnetic coupling between the adjacent resonant chambers 28'.
  • Input/output signal feeding mechanisms 33 are provided into the first resonant chamber 28a and last resonant chamber 28c in the row 27.
  • the input/output signal feeding mechanisms 33 are feeding tubes, but other types of input/output signal feeding mechanisms are possible.
  • program storage devices e.g., digital data storage media, which are machine or computer readable and encode machine-executable or computer-executable programs of instructions, wherein said instructions perform some or all of the steps of said above-described methods.
  • the program storage devices may be, e.g., digital memories, magnetic storage media such as a magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, hard drives, or optically readable digital data storage media.
  • Some embodiments involve computers programmed to perform said steps of the above-described methods.

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Claims (13)

  1. Ensemble de résonateurs comprenant une chambre de résonance (28), chaque chambre comprenant une première paroi, une deuxième paroi opposée à la première paroi, et des parois latérales ; la chambre de résonance abritant deux ou plus de deux résonateurs ;
    chaque résonateur (30) comprenant un premier cylindre (32) mis à la terre sur l'une (40) des première et deuxième (42) parois (40, 42) et s'étendant dans la chambre, et un deuxième cylindre (34) qui est coaxial au premier cylindre et mis à la terre sur l'autre (42) des première et deuxième parois (40, 42) et s'étendant dans la chambre ;
    un premier ensemble (36) des résonateurs ayant leurs premiers cylindres respectifs (32) mis à la terre sur la première paroi (40) et leurs seconds cylindres respectifs (34) mis à la terre sur la seconde paroi (42) ;
    un deuxième ensemble (38) des résonateurs ayant leurs premiers cylindres respectifs (32) mis à la terre sur la deuxième paroi (42) et leurs deuxièmes cylindres respectifs (34) mis à la terre sur la première paroi (40) ;
    chaque résonateur du premier ensemble (36) étant destiné à un couplage de champ magnétique à proximité d'au moins un résonateur du second ensemble (38) ; les résonateurs du premier ensemble étant dans une configuration interdigitée avec les résonateurs du second ensemble ;
    caractérisé en ce que, dans chaque résonateur (30) le premier cylindre (32) est un cylindre intérieur et le second cylindre (34) est un cylindre extérieur reposant coaxialement de telle sorte que sur une partie de leur longueur, le premier cylindre (32) et le second cylindre (34) se chevauchent.
  2. Ensemble de résonateurs selon la revendication 1, les résonateurs étant disposés dans une ligne (36, 38).
  3. Ensemble de résonateurs selon la revendication 1, les résonateurs étant disposés dans une configuration comprenant des lignes et des colonnes.
  4. Ensemble de résonateurs selon la revendication 3, la configuration étant un rectangle, un carré ou un cercle.
  5. Ensemble de résonateurs selon la revendication 3 ou 4, le long d'une ligne ou d'une colonne entre deux résonateurs de l'un (36, 38) du premier ensemble (36) et du second ensemble (38), un résonateur étant prévu de l'autre (38, 36) du premier ensemble (36) et du second ensemble (38).
  6. Ensemble de résonateurs selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, les résonateurs alternant le long d'une ligne, d'une colonne ou d'une rangée de telle sorte que l'un a son cylindre intérieur mis à la terre sur la paroi supérieure et son cylindre extérieur mis à la terre sur la paroi inférieure et le suivant le long de la ligne, de la colonne ou de la rangée a son cylindre intérieur mis à la terre sur la paroi inférieure et son cylindre extérieur mis à la terre sur la paroi supérieure.
  7. Résonateur selon la revendication 6, la ligne, la colonne ou la rangée étant courbe ou circulaire.
  8. Ensemble de résonateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, une vis de réglage (46, 48, 50) étant prévue à travers l'une des première et deuxième parois ayant une longueur d'insertion réglable dans la cavité (28).
  9. Ensemble de résonateur selon la revendication 8, la vis de réglage (30) étant disposée dans une position centrale sur l'une de la première paroi et de la deuxième paroi.
  10. Ensemble de résonateurs selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, pour chaque résonateur (36, 38), un montant de résonateur correspondant (46, 48) étant prévu, mis à la terre sur l'une des première et seconde parois et s'étendant le long de l'axe longitudinal central des premier et second cylindres respectifs.
  11. Ensemble de résonateurs selon la revendication 10, chaque montant de résonateur (46, 48) étant une vis de réglage de longueur d'insertion réglable dans la cavité.
  12. Filtre de radiofréquence comprenant au moins un ensemble de résonateurs selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  13. Procédé de filtrage de radiofréquences comprenant le passage d'un signal à filtrer à travers au moins un ensemble de résonateurs, chaque ensemble de résonateurs comprenant une chambre de résonance, chaque chambre comprenant une première paroi, une deuxième paroi opposée à la première paroi et des parois latérales ; la chambre de résonance abritant deux ou plus de deux résonateurs ;
    chaque résonateur comprenant un premier cylindre mis à la terre sur l'une des première et deuxième parois et s'étendant dans la chambre et un deuxième cylindre qui est coaxial avec le premier cylindre et mis à la terre sur l'autre des première et deuxième parois et s'étendant dans la chambre ;
    un premier ensemble des résonateurs ayant leurs premiers cylindres respectifs mis à la terre sur la première paroi et leurs seconds cylindres respectifs mis à la terre sur la seconde paroi ;
    un deuxième ensemble des résonateurs dont les premiers cylindres respectifs étant mis à la terre sur la deuxième paroi et les deuxièmes cylindres respectifs étant mis à la terre sur la première paroi ;
    chaque résonateur du premier ensemble étant destiné à un couplage de champ magnétique à proximité d'au moins un résonateur du second ensemble ; et
    les résonateurs du premier ensemble étant dans une configuration interdigitée avec les résonateurs du second ensemble ;
    caractérisé en ce que dans chaque résonateur (30), le premier cylindre (32) est un cylindre intérieur et le second cylindre (34) est un cylindre extérieur reposant coaxialement de telle sorte que sur une partie de leur longueur, le premier cylindre (32) et le second cylindre (34) se chevauchent.
EP15306969.5A 2015-12-10 2015-12-10 Ensemble résonateur, filtre de fréquences radio et procédé de filtrage de fréquences radio Active EP3179552B1 (fr)

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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL50891C (fr) * 1937-01-04
JPS56119501A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-09-19 Alps Electric Co Ltd Filter
US5153541A (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-10-06 At&T Bell Laboratories Folded interdigital notch filter
DE102010056048A1 (de) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Kathrein-Werke Kg Abstimmbares Hochfrequenzfilter
US9343790B2 (en) * 2013-05-27 2016-05-17 Jorge A. Ruiz-Cruz Method of operation and construction of filters and multiplexers using multi-conductor multi-dielectric combline resonators

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