EP3178991B1 - Isolierstoss - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3178991B1
EP3178991B1 EP16201991.3A EP16201991A EP3178991B1 EP 3178991 B1 EP3178991 B1 EP 3178991B1 EP 16201991 A EP16201991 A EP 16201991A EP 3178991 B1 EP3178991 B1 EP 3178991B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulated
ceramic
rail
insulating
graded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP16201991.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3178991A1 (de
Inventor
Kaoutar NAJI
Marie-Noëlle AVETTAND-FENOEL
Roland Taillard
Emmanuel LAURANS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universite de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
SNCF Reseau
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Universite de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
SNCF Reseau
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B11/00—Rail joints
    • E01B11/54—Electrically-insulating rail joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2205/00—Electrical insulation of railway track parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulating rail joint.
  • the invention also relates to a railway comprising such an insulating rail joint.
  • Each portion of the railway comprises an electrical circuit, said track circuit, using an electric current of given frequency flowing in the railway, that is to say in the rails of the track rail.
  • This electrical signal is used in particular to detect the presence or absence of a train in the portion of the track and to detect breaks in the rails of this portion. This electrical signal also allows the triggering of signals necessary for the safety of the traffic.
  • each track portion is electrically insulated from adjacent track portions by insulating joints, said insulating rail joints.
  • each rail insulating joint is made by physically cutting a line of rails and filling the cut portion with an insulating portion inserted between the two rail ends. Specifically, an insulating rail joint is disposed in each rail line at each end of a railroad portion.
  • US Patent 3727838 discloses an insulating rail joint according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the rail insulating joints currently used in conventional lines consist of a polymer-based insulating part.
  • the assembly is held rigid by a splined assembly electrically insulated from the rail by spacers and insulating guns.
  • the rail joint may, during its use, lose its insulating properties which causes a short circuit in the track circuit.
  • the loss of insulating properties of the rail joint typically occurs when two ends of rails on either side of a rail joint fluent and come to touch by covering the insulating polymer part. We are talking about matting rails abouts. The loss of insulating properties can also occur when flakes i.e. metal debris come to cover the insulating joint.
  • the insulating rail joints must withstand a load of 10 to 11.5 tons per static wheel. Because of the significant difference in the mechanical properties of the polymers of the insulating part and the rail steels, very high dynamic forces are generated during the passage of the trains on the insulating rail joints. This creates impact forces that accelerate the damage of these insulating rail joints.
  • the invention aims to overcome at least some of the known disadvantages of rail insulating joints.
  • the invention aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an insulating rail joint with improved life and reliability.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an insulating rail joint to limit the phenomenon of mechanical discontinuity of the rail lines.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an insulating rail seal to prevent the matting of the rail ends.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an insulating rail joint to minimize maintenance costs.
  • insulator is meant in the context of the electrically insulating invention. Similarly, when reference is made to “insulation”, it is electrical insulation.
  • the ceramic layers provide the electrical insulation character of the insulating portion of the rail insulating joint.
  • a metal matrix composite provides much higher mechanical strength than organic matrix composites.
  • the central portion being made of metal matrix composite material, it has mechanical properties, particularly a hardness, close to those of the rails.
  • the insulating joint may comprise two ceramic layers sandwiching a central portion.
  • the insulating joint may comprise at least two ceramic layers so that two ceramic layers sandwich each central portion.
  • the rail insulating joint comprises two ceramic layers sandwiching each central portion.
  • the rail insulating joint comprises a single central portion.
  • the rail insulating gasket comprises two parts, called graded portions, sandwiching the insulating part, said graded portions being made of a metal matrix composite material and with ceramic reinforcements and whose volume fraction of ceramic decreases from the proximal zone of the insulating part to the distal zone of the insulating part.
  • the graded parts are intended to be connected to the rail.
  • the graduated parts are metal matrix. They therefore have mechanical properties, particularly a hardness, close to those of the steel rail. Their electrical resistivity is also graded and increases near the insulating part.
  • the graded part Due to the reduction of the ceramic fraction of the part graded from the zone near the insulating part to the area close to the rails, the graded part allows a progressive evolution of the mechanical and electrical properties of the insulating joint up to to arrive at a material close to or identical to that of the rails at the area where the graded portion is intended to be assembled to the rail.
  • the metal matrix of said central portion and / or said graded portions may be steel or iron.
  • the metal matrix of said central portion and / or said graded portions is in the same metal as the rails between which the rail insulating joint is intended to be arranged. This similarity of material makes it possible to improve the continuity of mechanical properties between the insulating joint and the rails.
  • the metal matrix is steel.
  • Reinforcements of said central portion and / or said graded portions may be oxide type ceramic, non-oxide type or a mixture of both.
  • the reinforcements of said central portion and / or said graded portions are ceramic oxide type.
  • the ceramic reinforcements of said central portion and / or said graded portions may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide and mixtures thereof . More preferably, the ceramic reinforcements of said central portion and / or said graded portions is an oxide of zirconium, more preferably zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide. Zirconium oxide or zirconia is preferred because it is the ceramic which has the coefficient of thermal expansion closest to that of the rails. Yttrium oxide is used to stabilize zirconium oxide.
  • the reinforcements of said central portion and / or of said graded portions are in the form of particles.
  • the ceramic volume fraction of the composite material of the central portion is between 35% and 45%.
  • the ceramic volume fraction of the composite material of the central portion is 40%.
  • the ceramic reinforcements of said central portion and said graded portions are of the same nature in order to ensure a gradual evolution of the mechanical properties of the portions graded at the central portion.
  • the ceramic layers of the insulating portion may be oxide type ceramic, non-oxide type or a mixture of both.
  • each ceramic layer of the insulating portion is ceramic oxide type.
  • it is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide and mixtures thereof, more preferably zirconium oxide, more preferably an oxide of zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide.
  • the ceramic of each ceramic layer of the insulating part is the same ceramic as that of the central portion and / or said graded portions.
  • a plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rails.
  • the plane is the plane on which the rail is laid.
  • the direction is the direction that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the direction is the direction which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction.
  • At least one ceramic layer extends in a transverse plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction once the insulating rail seal is arranged between the consecutive rails.
  • each ceramic layer extends in a transverse plane, once the insulating rail seal inserted between the consecutive rails.
  • At least one ceramic layer extends in a main plane which is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a plane, called the transverse plane, once the insulating rail seal is arranged between the consecutive rails. .
  • the main plane of at least one ceramic layer can therefore be rotated by a predetermined angle with respect to the vertical direction and / or relative to the horizontal direction.
  • Each ceramic layer may extend in a main plane that is inclined at a predetermined angle to a transverse plane.
  • the predetermined angle may be a positive or negative angle.
  • the main planes of the ceramic layers sandwiching the same central portion may be inclined at the same predetermined angle.
  • the main planes of the layers sandwiching a same central portion may also be inclined at different predetermined angles, preferably opposite predetermined angles.
  • the main plane of at least one ceramic layer is pivoted by a predetermined angle with respect to the vertical direction.
  • the main plane of at least one ceramic layer is rotated relative to the horizontal direction.
  • the ceramic layers of the insulating part are very thin.
  • their thickness is less than or equal to 1 mm. The thinness of the ceramic layers allows their low toughness does not question the life of the insulating rail joint.
  • the ceramic volume fraction of each graded portion decreases from the proximal zone of the insulating portion to the distal zone of the insulating portion.
  • the decrease of the ceramic volume fraction of the graded parts from the proximal zone of the part insulation to the distal zone of the insulating portion may be continuous or gradual. According to one embodiment, the decrease is gradual.
  • each graded portion may consist of several subparts, each subpart containing a defined volume fraction of ceramic reinforcements. This embodiment is easier to achieve than a decrease in the continuous volume fraction.
  • the thickness of each of the subparts, their numbers, and the volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcements in each subpart may vary.
  • the ceramic volume fraction of each part graded at the level of the proximal zone of the insulating part is equal to the ceramic volume fraction of the central portion of said insulating part in order to ensure continuity of resistance. between these two parts.
  • the ceramic volume fraction of each portion graded at the distal zone of the insulating portion is zero, to ensure continuity of mechanical properties between the rails and each graded portion and for not affecting the microstructure of the insulating portion and the portion proximal to the insulating portion during subsequent steps of assembling the insulating joint to the rail steel.
  • the ceramic volume fraction of each graded portion is between 35% and 45% at the proximal zone of the insulating portion and decreases to become zero at the distal zone of the insulating portion.
  • said central portion is brazed to each of the two ceramic layers that sandwich it.
  • This type of connection avoids the use of additional parts for assembly.
  • the solder used for this brazing is an architectural composite.
  • the insulating portion is brazed to each of said graded portions.
  • the solder used for this brazing is also an architectural composite.
  • the invention also relates to a line of rails comprising at least two rails and at least one rail insulating joint according to the invention, each rail insulating joint being sandwiched between two rails.
  • each insulating joint is connected to a rail, and more precisely to a rail end, by welding. According to this embodiment, it is not necessary to use splints to join the rail joints to the rails.
  • the invention also relates to a railroad track comprising two rows of rails, each rail line comprising at least one rail insulating joint according to the invention sandwiched between two consecutive rails.
  • the railway comprises at least one pair of rail joints, each pair being arranged facing each other on said two rows of rails.
  • the assembly step of the central portion with the ceramic layers can be performed by soldering.
  • the assembly step of the insulating part with the two graded parts can be performed by soldering.
  • the invention also relates to a method of assembling a rail joint and a rail comprising the step of welding an insulating rail joint according to the invention to an end of the rail.
  • the welding step is an aluminothermic welding step.
  • the figure 1 represents a rail insulating joint 1 arranged between two consecutive rails 2.
  • the two rails extend in a longitudinal direction.
  • the insulating rail joint 1 comprises an insulating portion 3 sandwiched between two portions 7 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the insulating part 3 and the graded portions 7 are soldered thus forming a solder 6.
  • the insulating part 3 comprises a central portion 4 soldered with two ceramic layers 5 which sandwich it in the longitudinal direction.
  • the central portion 4 is located in the center of the insulating portion 3. It is also located in the center of the insulating joint 1 rail.
  • the central portion 4 is made of composite material with a metal matrix and ceramic reinforcements.
  • the metal matrix is steel.
  • the ceramic reinforcements consist of zirconium oxide particles stabilized with yttrium oxide.
  • the ceramic volume fraction of the central portion 4 is 40%.
  • the ceramic layers are also zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide.
  • the ceramic layers 5 of the insulating part 3 are connected to the graded portions 7.
  • the ceramic layers are bonded to the graded portions 7 by brazing.
  • the graded portions 7 which frame the insulating part 3 are of the same dimensions.
  • the graded portions 7 are made of metal matrix composite material and ceramic reinforcements 8.
  • the metal matrix is steel.
  • the ceramic reinforcements 8 consist of particles of zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide.
  • each graded portion is 40% at the proximal zone of the insulating portion 3. This volume fraction decreases progressively from this zone proximal to the distal zone of the insulating portion 3 until it becomes zero at the the distal zone of the insulating portion 3. The ceramic volume fraction at the region of the graded portions 7 in contact with the ends of the rails 2 is zero.
  • Each graded portion 7 is connected to a rail 2 by welding.
  • the figure 2 represents a railway line.
  • the railway comprises two rows 9 of rails.
  • Each rail line 9 comprises a rail insulating joint 1 as described above.
  • the insulating rail joints 1 are located opposite one another.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1), der dazu vorgesehen ist, zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schienen (2) angeordnet zu werden, die sich entlang einer Längsrichtung erstrecken, und dazu, sandwichartig zwischen den zwei Schienen eingefasst zu werden, wobei der Stoß (1) einen isolierenden Teil (3) umfasst, wobei der isolierende Teil (3) umfasst:
    - mindestens einen Mittelabschnitt (4) genannten Abschnitt, und
    - mindestens zwei Schichten (5) aus Keramik, die jeden Mittelabschnitt (4) sandwichartig einfassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mittelabschnitt (4) aus einem Verbundmaterial mit metallischer Matrix und mit Verstärkungen aus Keramik ist.
  2. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er zwei gradierte Teile (7) genannte Teile umfasst, die den isolierenden Teil (3) sandwichartig einfassen, wobei die gradierten Teile (7) aus einem Verbundmaterial mit metallischer Matrix und mit Verstärkungen (8) aus Keramik sind, und dessen Volumenanteil an Keramik ab der proximalen Zone des isolierenden Teils (3) bis zur distalen Zone des isolierenden Teils (3) abnimmt.
  3. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abnahme des Volumenanteils an Keramik der gradierten Teile ab der proximalen Zone des isolierenden Teils bis zur distalen Zone des isolierenden Teils graduell ist.
  4. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1) nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die metallische Matrix des Mittelabschnitts (4) und/oder der gradierten Teile (7) aus Stahl oder aus Eisen ist.
  5. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Volumenanteil an Keramik jedes gradierten Teils im Bereich der proximalen Zone des isolierenden Teils (3) im Wesentlichen gleich dem Volumenanteil an Keramik des Mittelabschnitts (4) des isolierenden Teils (3) ist.
  6. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Volumenanteil an Keramik jedes gradierten Teils im Bereich der distalen Zone des isolierenden Teils (3) null ist.
  7. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der isolierende Teil (3) an jeden der gradierten Teile (7) angelötet ist.
  8. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mittelabschnitt (4) an jede der zwei Schichten (5) aus Keramik, die denselben sandwichartig einfassen, angelötet ist.
  9. Isolierender Schienenstoß (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich mindestens eine Schicht aus Keramik in einer Hauptebene erstreckt, die in Bezug auf eine Querebene genannte, zur Längsrichtung senkrechte Ebene um einen vorbestimmten Winkel geneigt ist, sobald der isolierende Schienenstoß zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Schienen angeordnet ist.
  10. Schienenstrang (9), der mindestens zwei Schienen (2) und mindestens einen isolierenden Schienenstoß (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 umfasst, wobei jeder isolierende stoß (1) sandwichartig zwischen zwei Schienen (2) eingefasst ist.
  11. Bahngleis, das zwei Schienenstränge (9) umfasst, wobei jeder Schienenstrang (9) mindestens einen isolierenden Schienenstoß (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 umfasst, der sandwichartig zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schienen (2) eingefasst ist.
  12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines isolierenden Schienenstoßes (1), umfassend die Schritte des:
    - Verbindens von mindestens einem Mittelabschnitt (4) genannten Abschnitt aus einem Verbundmaterial mit metallischer Matrix und mit Verstärkungen aus Keramik, mit mindestens zwei Schichten (5) aus Keramik, wobei die mindestens zwei Schichten aus Keramik jeden Mittelabschnitt (4) sandwichartig einfassen, sodass ein isolierender Teil (3) gebildet wird,
    - Verbindens des isolierenden Teils (3) mit zwei gradierte Teile (7) genannten Teilen, die den isolierenden Teil (3) sandwichartig einfassen, wobei die gradierten Teile (7) aus einem Verbundmaterial mit metallischer Matrix und mit Verstärkungen (8) aus Keramik sind, und dessen Volumenanteil an Keramik ab der proximalen Zone des isolierenden Teils (3) bis zur distalen Zone des isolierenden Teils (3) abnimmt.
  13. Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Schienenstoßes (1) und einer Schiene (2), umfassend den Schritt des Schweißens eines isolierenden Schienenstoßes (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 an eine Stirnfläche der Schiene (2).
EP16201991.3A 2015-12-10 2016-12-02 Isolierstoss Active EP3178991B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1562159A FR3045078B1 (fr) 2015-12-10 2015-12-10 Joint isolant de rail

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3178991A1 EP3178991A1 (de) 2017-06-14
EP3178991B1 true EP3178991B1 (de) 2018-10-17

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EP (1) EP3178991B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3045078B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU205869U1 (ru) * 2019-09-16 2021-08-11 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Информационные технологии" (ООО "ИнфоТех") Прокладка стыковая многослойная

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3727838A (en) * 1971-07-26 1973-04-17 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Steel-ceramic railjoint endpost
RU91075U1 (ru) * 2009-11-12 2010-01-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-Технический Центр Информационные Технологии" Контактный элемент из композиционного металлокерамического материала
FR2997102B1 (fr) * 2012-10-22 2015-05-15 Sncf Dispositif d'isolation electrique pour voie ferree et voie ferree comprenant un tel dispositif

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU205869U1 (ru) * 2019-09-16 2021-08-11 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Информационные технологии" (ООО "ИнфоТех") Прокладка стыковая многослойная

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Publication number Publication date
FR3045078A1 (fr) 2017-06-16
EP3178991A1 (de) 2017-06-14
FR3045078B1 (fr) 2017-12-29

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