Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
  • C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
  • C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
  • C07C69/708—Ethers
  • C07C69/712—Ethers the hydroxy group of the ester being etherified with a hydroxy compound having the hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/10—Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
  • C07C59/58—Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/72—Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
  • C07C69/74—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
  • C07C69/96—Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/60—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
  • C07D257/06—Five-membered rings with nitrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D263/20—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
  • C07D263/26—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 with hetero atoms or acyl radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
  • C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D295/145—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with the ring nitrogen atoms and the carbon atoms with three bonds to hetero atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
  • C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
  • C07D317/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D317/18—Radicals substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D317/24—Radicals substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms esterified
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D321/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D317/00 - C07D319/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D323/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D453/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids
  • C07D453/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids containing not further condensed quinuclidine ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
  • C07C235/18—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having at least one of the singly-bound oxygen atoms further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. phenoxyacetamides
  • C07C235/20—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having at least one of the singly-bound oxygen atoms further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. phenoxyacetamides having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/02—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
  • C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
  • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
  • C07C2602/36—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having more than two atoms in common
  • C07C2602/42—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having more than two atoms in common the bicyclo ring system containing seven carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
  • C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
  • C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
  • C07C2603/06—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members
  • C07C2603/10—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings
  • C07C2603/12—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings only one five-membered ring
  • C07C2603/14—Benz[f]indenes; Hydrogenated benz[f]indenes

Definitions

• Pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease which can result in death and is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance.
• Many valuable pharmacologically active compounds, including some of interest with respect to PH and PAH, cannot be effectively administered orally for various reasons and are generally administered via intravenous or intramuscular routes. These routes of administration generally require intervention by a physician or other health care professional, and can entail considerable discomfort as well as potential local trauma to the patient.
• One example of such a compound is treprostinil and derivatives thereof, which has been used in the treatment of PH and PAH. See, for example, WO 2005/007081.
• Treprostinil (herein also called Compound A) has the following structure:
• Treprostinil can exist as a salt, such as a sodium salt.
• Embodiments described herein include compounds, compositions, and devices, as well as methods of making and methods of using the same.
• One embodiment provides a compound represented by Formula (I)
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently H or deuterium;
• Z is -OH, -OR 11 , -N(R 11 )R 12 , -SR 11 , or P 1
• R 11 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, substituted alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyi, substituted alkylcycloheteroalkyi, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
• alkylheteroaryl or substituted alkylheteroaryl
• R 12 is H, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyi, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• P 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occunence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, and methoxy;
• R 14 and R 19 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thio, methylthio, -C(O )OH, -C(O )O-(alkyl), - CONH2, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring
• R 15 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H or P 2 , wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is P 2 , wherein P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl and methoxy;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl;
• R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring;
• R 18 and R 19 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring; wherein Formula I includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula I.
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently H or deuterium;
• Z is -OR 11 , -N(R 11 )R 12 , -SR 11 , or P 1 ;
• R 11 is branched alkyl, haloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, bicycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, substituted alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, substituted alkylcycloheteroalkyl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, alkylheteroaryl, or substituted alkylheteroaryl;
• R 12 is H, branched alkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl,
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, and methoxy;
• R 18 and R 19 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thio, methylthio, -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-(alkyl), - CONH 2 , aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H or P 2 , wherein
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl and methoxy;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl
• R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring;
• R 18 and R 19 are as defined above; R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring; wherein Formula I includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula I.
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H and P 2 ;
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and deuterium;
• L 1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-alkylene-C(O)-, -O-alkylene-OC(O)-, or a bond;
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl and methoxy;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl
• R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring;
• R 18 and R 19 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula II includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula II.
• L 2 is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 - -CHMe-, -C(Me) 2 - following:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• X is NR 14 or O
• R 14 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl; R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring; and R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl; R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring; and R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl; R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optional
• Z is -OH, -OR 11 , -N(R 11 )R 12 , -SR 11 , or P 1 ;
• R 11 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, substituted alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, substituted alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
• alkylheteroaryl or substituted alkylheteroaryl
• R12 is H, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; elected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, and methoxy;
• R 18 and R 19 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thio, methylthio, -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-(alkyl), - CONH2, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula III includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula III.
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H and P 2 ;
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and deuterium;
• L 1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-alkylene-C(O)-, -O-alkylene-OC(O)-, or a bond;
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, and methoxy;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl; R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring; R 18 and R)9 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thio, methylthio, -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-(alkyl), - CONH 2 , aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula IV includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula IV.
• compositions are also provided including compositions comprising at least one compound according to Formula I, II, III or IV and at least one other component.
• the composition is formulated for transdermal delivery.
• the composition is formulated for transdermal delivery with a patch.
• the composition can further comprise at least one solvent.
• the amount of the compound according to Formula I, II, III or IV is adapted to provide a useful delivery profile for treatment of a human.
• the treatment is carried out on a subject, such as a mammal, but the subject is not a human.
• At least one advantage for at least one embodiment includes ability to tailor the chemical structure of a pharmaceutically useful motif for particular uses including treatment and prophylactic use against, for example, PH and PAH.
• the drug delivery profile can be adapted for a particular application.
• At least one additional advantage for at least one embodiment includes ability to use the compounds to provide better bioavailability including use in transdermal drug delivery applications.
• prostacyclin analogs including treprostinil, and methods for their use are known. For example, they can be used in promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, stimulating thrombolysis, inhibiting cell proliferation (including vascular remodeling), providing cytoprotection, and preventing atherogenesis and inducing angiogenesis.
• these compounds may be used in the treatment of/for: pulmonary hypertension, ischemic diseases (e.g., peripheral vascular disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, scleroderma, myocardial ischemia, ischemic stroke, renal insufficiency), heart failure (including congestive heart failure), conditions requiring anticoagulation (e.g., post MI, post cardiac surgery), thrombotic microangiopathy, extracorporeal circulation, central retinal vein occlusion, atherosclerosis, inflammatory diseases (e.g., COPD, psoriasis), hypertension (e.g., preeclampsia), reproduction and parturition, cancer or other conditions of unregulated cell growth, cell/tissue preservation, and other emerging therapeutic areas where prostacyclin treatment appears to have a beneficial role.
• ischemic diseases e.g., peripheral vascular disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, scleroderma, myocardial ischemia, ischemic stroke, renal insufficiency
• Treprostinil is a chemically stable analog of prostacyclin. Although treprostinil sodium (Remodulin®) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for subcutaneous administration, treprostinil as the free acid has an absolute oral bioavailability of less than 10% and a very short systemic half life due to significant metabolism.
• Remodulin® Food and Drug Administration
• listings of chemical groups represented by multiple chemical formulae are provided (e.g., P 1 , P 2 , L
• alkyl refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group.
• Cj-C g alkyl is an alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and includes, for example, C 1 -C3 alkyl, C 1-C5 alkyl, and C 1 -C 7 alkyl.
• An alkyl may be linear or branched. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propy], isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t- butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl and n-hexyl.
• haloalkyl refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group attached to a one or more halogen atoms selected from CI and F. Specific examples include 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroefhyl, 2-fluoropropyl, and 2,2-difluoropropyl.
• heteroalkyl' * refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group attached to one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N. and S.
• C 1 -C 8 heteroalkyl is an alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, and includes, for example, C,-C 3 -OH, C,-C 5 -SH. and C,-C 7 -NH 2 . It also includes C 1 -C2-0-C3-C4-OH, and C 1 - C2-NH-C3-C4-OH.
• cycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic monovalent saturated hydrocarbon ring system.
• C 3 -CH cycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl wherein the number of ring carbon atoms is from 3 to 14. Examples of C 3 -C 14 cycloalkyl include C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• Bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems include fused, bridged and spirocyclic ring systems. More particular examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl. cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cis- and trans-decalynil, norbomyl, adamantyl, and spiro[4.5]decanyl.
• cycloheteroalkyl or “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic monovalent saturated ring system wherein from 1 to 4 ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
• Bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems include fused, bridged and spirocyclic ring systems. More particular examples of cycloheteroalkyl groups include azepanyl, azetidinyl, aziridinyl. imidazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiomorpholinyl, and alpha-methyl- 1 ,3-dioxol-2-onyl.
• alkylcycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic monovalent saturated hydrocarbon ring system linked to an alkyl group. Particular examples include cyclopropylmethy!, cyclopropylethyl, and cyclohexylethyl.
• alkylheterocycloalkyl or “alkylcycloheteroalkyl” refers to a cycloheteroalkyl group attached to an alkyl group. Specific examples include N-ethylmorpholine, N- ethylpiperidine, 4-ethylpiperidine, l-methyl-4-ethylpiperidine, and N-ethylpiperazine.
• aryl refers to a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic ring system, which may be a monocyclic, fused bicyclio or fused tricyclic ring system.
• C 6 -C 14 aryl refers to an aryl having from 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms.
• An example of C 6 -C 14 aryl is C 6 -C 11 aryl. More particular examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, and phenanthryl.
• heteroaryl refers to an unsaturated aromatic heterocyclyl radical.
• heteroarvl radicals include unsaturated 3- to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl.
• unsaturated condensed heterocyclyl groups containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, benzotrazolyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl, etc.
• unsaturated 3- to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms for example, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, etc.: unsaturated condensed heterocyclyl groups containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms; unsaturated 3- to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, etc.; and unsaturated condensed heterocyclyl groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
• alkylaryl refers to an aryl-substituted alkyl radical such as benzyl
• alkylheteroaryl refers to a heteroaryl-substituted alkyl radical such as imidazoylmefhyl, thiazoylmethyl or pyridylethyl.
• cycloheteroalkyl alkylcycloalkyl, alkylheterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, and alkylheteroary, are understood to cover optionally embodiments wherein they form rings.
• optionally groups such as R 14 , R 15 , R 1 6 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 can form rings with other R 14 , R 15 , R 1 6 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 groups.
• substituted refers to the replacement of one or more hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent including, but not limited to: halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, thiol, alkylthio. arylthio, alkylthioalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl,
• arylaminocarbonyl alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylhalo, amino, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylaminoalkyl, arylaminoalkyl, hydroxy!, alkyloxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl.
• aminocarbonylalkyl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and aliphatic it is understood that the substituent may be further substituted within the normal limits of the skilled artisan.
• a moiety or group may be optionally substituted which means the group may or may not have one or more substituents.
• a salt of a compound of this invention is formed between an acid and a basic group of the compound, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the compound, such as a carboxyl functional group.
• the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt or acid addition salt.
• pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a component that is, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and other mammals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt means any non-toxic salt that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound or a prodrug of a compound of this invention.
• pharmaceutically acceptable counterion is an ionic portion of a salt that is not toxic when released from the salt upon administration to a recipient.
• Acids commonly employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide and hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric and phosphoric acids, as well as organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic, salicylic, tartaric, bitartaric, ascorbic, maleic, besylic, fumaric, gluconic, glucuronic, formic, glutamic,
• inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide and hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric and phosphoric acids
• organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic, salicylic, tartaric, bitartaric, ascorbic, maleic, besylic, fumaric, gluconic, glucuronic, formic, glutamic,
• salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caprate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-l,4-dioate, hexyne-l,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate,
• Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those formed with mmeral acids such as hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, and especially those formed with organic acids such as maleic acid.
• hydrate means a compound which further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
• solvate means a compound which further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of a solvent such as water, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dichloromethane, 2-propanol, or the like, bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
• isotopologues The concentration of naturally abundant stable hydrogen and carbon isotopes, notwithstanding this variation, is small and immaterial with respect to the degree of stable isotopic substitution of compounds of this invention. See, for instance, Wada E et al, Seikagaku 1994, 66: 15; Ganes L Z et al, Comp Biochem Physiol Mol Integr Physiol 1998, 119:725.
• a particular position is designated as having deuterium, it is understood that the abundance of deuterium at that position is substantially greater than the natural abundance of deuterium, which is about 0.015%.
• a position designated as having deuterium typically has a minimum isotopic enrichment factor of at least about 3000 (about 45% deuterium incorporation) at each atom designated as deuterium in said compound.
• isotopic enrichment factor means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of a specified isotope.
• a compound of this invention has an isotopic enrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500 (52.5% deuterium incorporation at each designated deuterium atom), at least 4000 (60% deuterium incorporation), at least 4500 (67.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 5000 (75% deuterium incorporation), at least 5500 (82.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 6000 (90% deuterium incorporation), at least 6333.3 (95% deuterium incorporation), at least 6466.7 (97% deuterium incorporation), at least 6600 (99% deuterium incorporation), or at least 6633.3 (99.5% deuterium incorporation).
• any atom not specifically designated as a particular isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom.
• a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen”, the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition.
• a compound of the invention contains less than 10%, preferably less than 6%, and more preferably less than 3% of all other isotopologues combined, including a form that lacks any deuterium.
• the compound contains less than "X"% of all other isotopologues combined, including a form that lacks any deuterium; where X is any number between 0 and 10 (e.g., 1, 0.5, 0.001), inclusive.
• Compositions of matter that contain greater than 10% of all other isotopologues combined are referred to herein as "mixtures" and must meet the parameters set forth below.
• deuterium/hydrogen present in the active, free base form of the compound of Formula I or II do not include the isotopic composition of hydrolysable portions of prodrugs, or of counterions.
• isotopologue refers to species that differ from a specific compound of this invention only in the isotopic composition of their molecules or ions.
• the present invention encompasses all possible stereoisomers, including all possible diastereomers and enantiomers, of the compounds described herein, and not only the specific stereoisomers as indicated by drawn structure or nomenclature. Some embodiments of the invention relate to the specific stereoisomers indicated by drawn structure or nomenclature.
• At least two sub-embodiments are provided to define further Formula I.
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently H or deuterium;
• Z is -OH, -OR 11 , -N(R 11 )R 12 , -SR 11 , or P 1 ;
• R 11 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, substituted alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, substituted alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
• alkylheteroaryl or substituted alkylheteroaryl
• R 12 is H, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• P 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, and methoxy;
• R 18 and R 19 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thio, methylthio, -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-(alkyl), - CONH 2 , aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 1 s and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H or P 2 , wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is P 2 , wherein
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the list consisting of halo, methyl and methoxy;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl
• R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring
• R 18 and R 19 are as defined above
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula I includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula I.
• the Z, R 1 , and R 2 groups are not linked to each other, in contrast to Formulae II, III, and IV described herein.
• R 1 is P 2 and R 2 is H. In another embodiment, is H and R 2 is P 2 . In another embodiment, R 1 is P 2 and R 2 is P 2 .
• P 2 can be more particularly described.
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of: In another embodiment, P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of: In one embodiment, R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are H.
• Z is -OR 11 , -N(R 11 )R 12 , or P 1 . In another embodiment, Z is P 1 . In another embodiment, Z is -OH, -OR 11 , -N(R 11 )R 12 , or P 1 . In another embodiment, Z is -OH.
• Z is not -OH and R 11 is not unsubstituted or substituted benzyl.
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are
• Z is -OR 11 , -N(R 11 )R 12 , -SR 11 , or P 1 ;
• R 11 is branched alkyl, haloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl,
• cycloheteroalkyl substituted cycloheteroalkyl, bicycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, substituted alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, substituted alkylcycloheteroalkyl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, alkylheteroaryl, or substituted alkylheteroaryl;
• R 12 is H, branched alkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl,
• P 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl; R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, and methoxy;
• R 18 and R 19 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 substituent selected from the list consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thio, methylthio, -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-(alkyl), - CONH 2 , aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H or P 2 , wherein
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the list consisting of halo, methyl and methoxy;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl
• R 18 and R 19 are as defined above; R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula I includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula I.
• Z is -OR 11 In one embodiment, Z is -N(R 11 )R 12 . In one embodiment, Z is -SR 11 . In one embodiment, Z is P 1 . In one embodiment, Z is OR 11 and R 11 is bicycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, or alkylcycloheteroalkyl. In one embodiment, Z is P 1 .
• R 11 is haloalkyl, or more particularly, fluoroalkyl.
• R 1 is hydrogen or R 2 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is P 2 . In one embodiment, R 1 is P 2 and R 2 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen. In one embodiment, R 1 and R 2 are P 2 .
• At least one of R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 is deuterium.
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are hydrogen.
• Z is -OH, -OR 11 , or P 1 ;
• R 11 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, substituted alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, or substituted alkylcycloheteroalkyl;
• P 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H or P 2 , wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is P 2 , wherein P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula IA includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula I A. Examples of Compounds of Formula I
• Pentanoic acid 1 (3-hydroxy-octyl)-5-methoxycarbonylmethoxy-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro- 1 H- cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-2-yl ester (all possible stereoisomers, including Compound 22)
• the invention provides a compound represented by Formula II:
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H and P 2 ;
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and deuterium;
• L 1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-alkylene-C(O)-, -O-alkylene-OC(O)-, or wherein
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O and S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl and methoxy;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl; R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring;
• R 18 and R 19 are as defined above;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula II includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula II.
• R 20 , R 21 . R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R36 are H.
• at least one of R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35> and R 36 is deuterium.
• L 1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-alkyl-C(O)- and -O- alkyl-OC(O)-. In one embodiment, L 1 is -O-alkylene-C(O)-. In one embodiment, L 1 is -O- alkylene-OC(O)-. In one embodiment, the alkylene group of claim 41 is a C 1 -C 5 alkylene group. In one embodiment, the alkylene group of claim 41 is a C 1 alkylene group.
• L 1 and R 2 are defined as in Formula II.
• the invention provides a compound represented by Formula III:
• L 2 is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 - -CHMe- -C(Me) 2 - and the following:
• m 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• X is NR 14 or O
• R 14 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl
• R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring; and R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are
• Z is -OH, -OR 11 , -N(R 11 )R 12 , -SR 11 , or P 1 ;
• R 11 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, substituted alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, substituted alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
• alkylheteroaryl or substituted alkylheteroaryl
• R 12 is H, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• P 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O and S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, and methoxy;
• R 18 and R 19 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 substituent selected from the list consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thio, methylthio, -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-(alkyl), - CONH 2 , aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted from the list consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and haloal
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 15 and R 19 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula III includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula III.
• L 2 is selected from the rou consisting of: In one embodiment, at least one of R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 ,R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 is deuterium, or they are all hydrogen.
• Another embodiment is a compound represented by Formula IV, wherein unlike in Formula II, the L1 group links to R 2 rather than R 1 :
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H and P 2 ;
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and deuterium;
• L 1 is a selected from the group consisting of -O-alkylene-C(O)-, -O-alkylene-OC(O)-, and a bond;
• P 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 14 and R 15 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted arylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R 14 and R 15 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring optionally incorporating one or two ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O and S, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, and methoxy;
• R 16 and R 17 are independently in each occurrence H or alkyl
• R 16 and R 17 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 3- to 6- membered ring;
• R 18 and R 19 are independently in each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, wherein the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 substituent selected from the list consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thio, methylthio, -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-(alkyl), - CONH 2 , aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted from the list consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• R 14 and R 18 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• R 14 and R ]9 taken together with the atoms to which they attach optionally form a 5- to 7- membered ring;
• Formula IV includes enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula IV.
• At least one of R 20 , R 2 i, R 22 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 is deuterium, or they are all hydrogen.
• L 1 and R 1 are defined as in Formula IV.
• One embodiment from the priority provisional is a compound according to Formula (IAA).
• R 100 and R 200 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, -CONR 900 R 1000 , - CR 9oo R 1ooo OCOP 3 R 900 (R 1000 ), wherein R 900 and R 1000 are independently selected from H, alkyl, and cycloalkyl; R 300 , R 400 , R 500 , R 600 , R 700 and R 800 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and deuterium;
• X is O, -NH R 1200 , or S;
• P 3 is N or O
• R 1100 is haloalkyi, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyi, alkylcycloheteroalkyi, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• R 1200 is haloalkyi, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyi, alkylcycloheteroalkyi, aryl, heteroaryl.
• R100 and R 200 are H.
• R 300 , R 400 , R 500 , R 600 , R 700 and R 800 are H.
• X is O.
• R 1100 is selected from the group consisting of:
• X is -NHR 1200 .
• R 110 o is chosen from the roup consisting of:
• X is O.
• R 300 , R 400 , R 500 , R 600 , R 700 and R 800 are H.
• R 1100 is alkyl.
• R 2000 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -CONR 9000 R 10000 , - CR 9000 R 10000 OCOP4R 9000 (R 10000 ), wherein R 9000 and R 10000 are independently selected from H, alkyl, and cycloalkyl; R 3000 , R 4000 R 5000 , R 6000 , R 7000 and R 8000 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and deuterium;
• X is O, -NR 12000 or S
• P 4 is N or O
• R 12000 is haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; n is an integer between 1 and 7; wherein compounds of Formula II(AA) include enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula II(AA).
• R 11 is haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• R 03 , R 04 , R 05 , R 06 , R 07 and R 08 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and deuterium;
• X is O, -N R 012 or S
• R 012 is haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• Y is CO, -CH 2 - -CHMe-, or -C(Me) 2 -;
• compounds of Formula III(AA) include enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs of the compounds of Formula III(AA).
• the compounds of formula I where R 1 and R 2 are H can be synthesized according to Scheme 1 by starting with the compound of Fonnula I where Z is OH and R 1 is H and R 2 is PG which represents a protective group as described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis by Greene and Wuts.
• the carboxylic acid is activated using coupling conditions which involve the use of an activating agent, including but not limited to EDC, DCC, DIC, BOP, HATU, HBTU, CDI, thionyl chloride, or oxalyl chloride.
• Coupling conditions may also include or not include an additive, including but not limited to DMF, HOSu, HOBT, or HO AT, and may or may not include one or more nucleophilic or non-nucleophilic bases or additives including, but not limited to, DMAP, TEA, DIPEA, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, and/or imidazole.
• Coupling conditions also may be run in a suitable solvent or solvent mixture including, but not limited to, DCM, THF, DMF, dioxane, ethyl acetate, and/or acetonitrile.
• the activated acid can be isolated and purified or can be treated directly with the reagent ZH. Alternately, ZH can be present during the coupling conditions.
• acylation conditions are similar to coupling conditions as described above.
• the acylation conditions may or may not include one or more nucleophilic or non-nucleophilic bases or additives including but not limited to DMAP, TEA, D1PEA, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, and/or imidazole and may be run in a suitable solvent or solvent mixture including, but not limited to DCM, THF, DMF, dioxane, ethyl acetate, and/or acetonitrile.
• the compounds of Formula I where R 2 is H can be synthesized according to Scheme 3 starting from the compound of Formula I where R 1 is H and R 2 is PG as described above, by employing acylation conditions using ROH or RY as described above followed by deprotection conditions as described above.
• the compounds of Formula II can be synthesized according to Scheme 4 starting from the compound of Formula I where Z is OH and R 2 is PG as described above, by employing lactonization conditions.
• lactonization conditions can be found in Chemical Reviews (2007), 107, 239 and Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry (2012), 8, 1344, and include but are not limited to 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic anhydride, TEA and DMAP; 4-nitrobenzoic anhydride, TEA, and DMAP; 2-chloro-l-methylpyridinium iodide and tributyl amine; 2,2'- dipyridyl disulfide and triphenylphosphine; and all the reactions in the coupling conditions and acylation conditions described above.
• the lactonization reactions may be run in a suitable solvent or solvent mixture including, but not limited to DCM, THF, DMF, dioxane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and/or toluen
• the compounds of Formula III can be synthesized according to Scheme 5 starting with the compound of Formula 1 where R 1 and R 2 are H, by reacting with an activated carbonyl equivalent including but not limited to phosgene, carbonyl diimidazole, or 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate, in the presence or absence of one or more nucleophilic or non-nucleophilic bases or additives including but not limited to DMAP, TEA, DIPEA, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, and/or imidazole and may be run in a suitable solvent or solvent mixture including but not limited to DCM, THF, DMF, dioxane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and/or toluene.
• an activated carbonyl equivalent including but not limited to phosgene, carbonyl diimidazole, or 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate
• an activated carbonyl equivalent including but not limited to phosgene, carbonyl diimidazo
• compositions described herein can be used alone or in combination with other components as known in the art.
• formulations of multiple ingredients can be prepared that are adapted for use in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments.
• the composition can be in the form of, for example, a solid, liquid, semi-solid, solution, suspension, or emulsion formulation.
• Water can be used as a formulation agent. It can be in pure form or combined with one or more excipients.
• the compound is formulated in matrix form, comprising a matrix material in which drug is contained or dispersed.
• the matrix material further controls release of the drug by controlling dissolution and/or diffusion of the drug from the reservoir, and may enhance stability of the drug molecule while stored in the reservoir.
• the drug is formulated with an excipient material that is useful for accelerating release, e.g., a water- swellable material that can aid in pushing the drug out of the reservoir and through any tissue capsule over the reservoir. Examples include hydrogels and osmotic pressure generating agents known in the art.
• the drug is formulated with a penetration enhancer(s). The penetration enhancer further controls release of the drug by facilitating transport of the drug across the skin into the local administration site or systemic delivery.
• the drug can be dispersed in a matrix material, to further control the rate of release of drug.
• This matrix material can be a "release system,” as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,898, the degradation, dissolution, or diffusion properties of which can provide a method for controlling the release rate of the chemical molecules.
• the release system may provide a temporally modulated release profile (e.g., pulsatile release) when time variation in plasma levels is desired or a more continuous or consistent release profile when a constant plasma level as needed to enhance a therapeutic effect, for example.
• Pulsatile release can be achieved from an individual reservoir, from a plurality of reservoirs, or a combination thereof. For example, where each reservoir provides only a single pulse, multiple pulses (i.e., pulsatile release) are achieved by temporally staggering the single pulse release from each of several reservoirs. Alternatively, multiple pulses can be achieved from a single reservoir by incorporating several layers of a release system and other materials into a single reservoir.
• Continuous release can be achieved by incorporating a release system that degrades, dissolves, or allows diffusion of molecules through it over an extended period.
• continuous release can be approximated by releasing several pulses of molecules in rapid succession ("digital" release).
• the active release systems described herein can be used alone or on combination with passive release systems, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,898.
• the pharmaceutical agent can be formulated with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• Representative examples include bulking agents, wetting agents, stabilizers, crystal growth inhibitors, antioxidants, antimicrobials, preservatives, buffering agents (e.g., acids, bases), surfactants, desiccants, dispersants, osmotic agents, binders (e.g., starch, gelatin), disintegrants (e.g., celluloses), glidants (e.g., talc), diluents (e.g., lactose, dicalcium phosphate), color agents, lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, hydrogenated vegetable oils) and combinations thereof.
• buffering agents e.g., acids, bases
• surfactants desiccants
• dispersants e.g., osmotic agents
• binders e.g., starch, gelatin
• disintegrants e.g., celluloses
• the excipient is a wax or a polymer.
• the polymer comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG), e.g., typically one having a molecular weight between about 100 and 10,000 Daltons (e.g., PEG 200, PEG 1450).
• the polymer comprises poly lactic acid (PLA), poly glycolic acid (PGA), copolymers thereof (PLGA), or ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA) polymers.
• the excipient material comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable oil (e.g., sesame oil).
• the excipient material includes a saturated drug solution. That is, the excipient material comprises a liquid solution formed of the drug dissolved in a solvent for the drug. The solution is saturated so that the solvent does not dissolve the solid matrix form of the drug. The saturated solution acts as a non-solvent excipient material, substantially filling pores and voids in the solid matrix.
• the excipient material comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable perhalohydrocarbon or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable perhalohydrocarbon or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,264,990 to Knepp et al., which describes anhydrous, aprotic, hydrophobic, non-polar liquids, such as biocompatible perhalohydrocarbons or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbons, such as perfluorodecalin, perflurobutylamine, perfluorotripropylamine, perfluoro-N- methyldecahydroquindine, perfluoro-octohydro quinolidine, perfluoro-N-cyclohexylpyrilidine, perfluoro-N,N-dimethylcyclohexyl methylamine, perfluoro-dimethyl-adamantane, perfluorotri- methylbicyclo (3.3.1) nonane
• the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient material comprises dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, or ethanol.
• a pharmaceutical composition can comprise a treprostinil derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate or polymorph thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
• the composition can optionally contain an additional therapeutic agent.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients include pharmaceutically acceptable materials, vehicles and substances.
• excipients include liquid and solid fillers, diluents, binders, lubricants, glidants, surfactants, dispersing agents, disintegration agents, emulsifying agents, wetting agents, suspending agents, thickeners, solvents, isotonic agents, buffers, pH adjusters, absorption-delaying agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants,
• Proper formulation can depend on various factors, such as the route of administration chosen.
• Potential routes of administration of pharmaceutical compositions comprising treprostinil derivatives include without limitation oral, parenteral (including intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intravascular, intravenous, intraarterial, intramedullary and intrathecal), intraperitoneal, and topical (including dermal/epicutaneous, transdermal, mucosal, transmucosal, intranasal [e.g., by nasal spray or drop], intraocular [e.g., by eye drop], pulmonary [e.g., by inhalation], buccal, sublingual, rectal and vaginal).
• formulations of treprostinil derivatives suitable for oral administration can be presented as, e.g., capsules (including push-fit capsules and soft capsules), cachets or tablets; as powders or granules; or as boluses, electuaries or pastes.
• push-fit capsules can contain a treprostinil derivative in admixture with, e.g., a filler (e.g., lactose), a binder (e.g., a starch) and a lubricant (e.g., talc or magnesium stearate), and optionally a stabilizer.
• a treprostinil derivative can be dissolved or suspended in a suitable liquid (e.g., a fatty oil, liquid paraffin or liquid polyethylene glycol), and a stabilizer can be added.
• compositions for oral administration can also be formulated as solutions or suspensions in an aqueous liquid and/or a non-aqueous liquid, or as oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.
• Dispersible powder or granules of a treprostinil derivative can be mixed with any suitable combination of an aqueous liquid, an organic solvent and/or an oil and any suitable excipients (e.g., any combination of a dispersing agent, a wetting agent, a suspending agent, an emulsifying agent and/or a preservative) to form a solution, suspension or emulsion.
• Treprostinil derivatives can also be formulated for parenteral administration by injection or infusion.
• Formulations for injection or infusion can be in the form of, e.g., solutions, suspensions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain excipients such as suspending agents, dispersing agents and/or stabilizing agents.
• aqueous or non-aqueous (e.g., oily) sterile injection solutions can contain a treprostinil derivative along with excipients such as an antioxidant, a buffer, a bacteriostat and solutes that render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the subject.
• Aqueous or non-aqueous sterile suspensions can contain a treprostinil derivative along with excipients such as a suspending agent and a thickening agent, and optionally a stabilizer and an agent that increases the solubility of the treprostinil derivative to allow for the preparation of a more concentrated solution or suspension.
• excipients such as a suspending agent and a thickening agent, and optionally a stabilizer and an agent that increases the solubility of the treprostinil derivative to allow for the preparation of a more concentrated solution or suspension.
• a sterile aqueous solution for injection or infusion can contain a treprostinil derivative, sodium chloride, a buffering agent (e.g., sodium citrate), a preservative (e.g., meta-cresol), and optionally a base (e.g., NaOH) and/or an acid (e.g., HC1) to adjust pH.
• a composition can be formulated as a depot that can be implanted in or injected into a subject, e.g., intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
• a depot formulation can be designed to deliver the treprostinil derivative over a longer period of time, e.g., over at least about 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 1.5 months, 2 months or longer.
• a treprostinil derivative can be formulated with a polymeric material, a hydrophobic material (e.g., as an emulsion in an oil) and/or an ion-exchange resin, or as a sparingly soluble derivative (e.g., a sparingly soluble salt).
• a topical dosage form of a treprostinil derivative is formulated as a buccal or sublingual tablet or pill.
• Advantages of a buccal or sublingual tablet or pill include avoidance of first-pass metabolism and circumvention of gastrointestinal absorption.
• a buccal or sublingual tablet or pill can also be designed to provide faster release of the treprostinil derivative for more rapid uptake of it into systemic circulation.
• the buccal or sublingual tablet or pill can contain suitable excipients, including without limitation any combination of fillers and diluents (e.g., mannitol and sorbitol), binding agents (e.g., sodium carbonate), wetting agents (e.g., sodium carbonate), disintegrants (e.g., crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium), lubricants (e.g., silicon dioxide [including colloidal silicon dioxide] and sodium stearyl fumarate), stabilizers (e.g., sodium bicarbonate), flavoring agents (e.g., spearmint flavor), sweetening agents (e.g., sucralose), and coloring agents (e.g., yellow iron oxide).
• suitable excipients including without limitation any combination of fillers and diluents (e.g., mannitol and sorbitol), binding agents (e.g., sodium carbonate), wetting agents (e.g., sodium carbonate), disintegrants (e.g
• treprostinil derivatives can be formulated for intranasal administration. Intranasal administration avoids first-pass metabolism and can introduce a significant concentration of a treprostinil derivative to the central nervous system, which can reduce side-effects.
• An intranasal formulation can comprise a treprostinil derivative along with excipients such as a solubility enhancer (e.g., propylene glycol), a humectant (e.g., mannitol or sorbitol), a buffer and water, and optionally a preservative (e.g., benzalkonium chloride), a mucoadhesive agent (e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose) and/or a penetration enhancer.
• a solubility enhancer e.g., propylene glycol
• a humectant e.g., mannitol or sorbitol
• a buffer and water e.g., a buffer and water
• a preservative e.g., benzalkonium chloride
• a mucoadhesive agent e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose
• treprostinil derivatives can be formulated for administration by oral inhalation. Advantages of administration by inhalation include selective deposition of the therapeutic agent in the lungs with less systemic side effects.
• a sterile aqueous solution for oral inhalation contains a treprostinil derivative, sodium chloride, a buffering agent (e.g., sodium citrate), optionally a preservative (e.g., meta-cresol), and optionally a base (e.g., NaOH) and/or an acid (e.g., HC1) to adjust pH.
• a buffering agent e.g., sodium citrate
• a preservative e.g., meta-cresol
• a base e.g., NaOH
• an acid e.g., HC1
• compositions can be manufactured in any suitable manner known in the art, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, suspending, granulating, dragee- making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or compressing processes.
• compositions can be presented in unit dosage form as a single dose wherein all active and inactive ingredients are combined in a suitable system, and components do not need to be mixed to form the composition to be administered.
• the unit dosage form can contain an effective dose, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of a treprostinil derivative.
• a representative example of a unit dosage form is a tablet, capsule, or pill for oral uptake.
• active ingredient encompasses a prodrug.
• compositions can be presented as a kit, wherein the active ingredient, excipients and carriers (e.g., solvents) are provided in two or more separate containers (e.g., ampules, vials, tubes, bottles or syringes) and need to be combined to form the composition to be administered.
• the kit can contain instructions for preparing and administering the composition (e.g., a solution to be injected intravenously).
• Topical formulations for application to the skin or mucosa can be useful for transdermal or transmucosal administration of a therapeutic agent into the blood for systemic distribution.
• Advantages of topical administration can include avoidance of first-pass metabolism, circumvention of gastrointestinal absorption, delivery of a therapeutic agent with a relatively short biological half-life, more controlled release of the therapeutic agent, administration of a more uniform plasma dosing of the therapeutic agent, and improvement in user compliance.
• compositions suitable for topical administration include without limitation liquid or semi-liquid preparations such as sprays, gels, liniments, lotions, oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions such as creams, foams, ointments and pastes, and solutions or suspensions such as drops (e.g., eye drops, nose drops and ear drops).
• a topical composition comprises a therapeutic agent dissolved, dispersed or suspended in a carrier.
• the carrier can be in the form of, e.g., a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, an ointment or a gel base, and can contain, e.g., petrolatum, lanolin, a wax (e.g., bee wax), mineral oil, a long-chain alcohol, polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, a diluent (e.g., water and/or an alcohol [e.g., ethanol or propylene glycol]), an emulsifier, a stabilizer or a thickening agent, or a combination thereof.
• petrolatum e.g., petrolatum, lanolin
• a wax e.g., bee wax
• mineral oil e.g., mineral oil
• a long-chain alcohol e.g., polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol
• a diluent e.g., water and/or an alcohol [e.g., ethanol or prop
• a topical composition can include, or a topical formulation can be administered by means of, e.g., a transdermal patch, a microneedle patch or an iontophoresis device.
• a transdermal patch can contain, e.g., a microporous membrane made of a suitable material (e.g., cellulose nitrate or acetate, propylene or a polycarbonate), a skin adhesive and backing material.
• a topical composition can deliver the therapeutic agent transdermally (including percutaneously and transmucosally) via a concentration gradient or an active mechanism (e.g., ionospheres).
• compositions are described below for purposes of illustration.
• Topical Compositions Comprising a Permeation Enhancer
• a topical composition comprises a treprostinil derivative and a permeation enhancer.
• the composition can optionally contain an additional therapeutic agent.
• the permeation enhancer increases the permeability of the skin or mucosa to the therapeutic agent(s).
• the permeation enhancer is N-lauroyl sarcosine, sodium octyl sulfate, methyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, oleic acid, glyceryl oleate or sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, or a combination thereof.
• the composition contains on a weight/volume (w/v) basis the permeation enhancer in an amount of about 1-20%, 1-15%, 1-10% or 1-5%.
• the composition can also contain a surfactant, an azone-like compound, an alcohol, a fatty acid or ester, or an aliphatic thiol.
• the composition can further contain one or more additional excipients.
• Suitable excipients include without limitation solubilizers (e.g., C 2 -C 8 alcohols), moisturizers or humectants (e.g., glycerol [glycerin], propylene glycol, amino acids and derivatives thereof, polyamino acids and derivatives thereof, and pyrrolidone carboxylic acids and salts and derivatives thereof), surfactants (e.g., sodium laureth sulfate and sorbitan monolaurate), emulsifiers (e.g., cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol), thickeners (e.g., methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol and acrylic polymers), and formulation bases or carriers (e.g., polyethylene glycol as an ointment base).
• solubilizers e
• the base or carrier of the composition can contain ethanol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (e.g., PEG 300), and optionally an aqueous liquid (e.g., isotonic phosphate-buffered saline).
• the topical composition can have any suitable dosage form, such as a solution (e.g., eye drop, nose drop or ear drop), a suspension, an emulsion, a cream, a lotion, a gel, an ointment, a paste, a jelly, a foam, or a spray.
• the composition is applied to the skin or mucosa covering a surface area of about 10-800 cm 2 , 10-400 cm 2 or 10- 200 cm .
• the composition can be formulated for transdermal or transmucosal administration of the therapeutic agent(s) to the systemic circulation, e.g., as a transdermal patch or a microneedle patch.
• Topical Compositions Comprising a Permeation Enhancer and a Volatile Liquid
• a topical composition comprises a treprostinil derivative, a permeation enhancer and a volatile liquid.
• the composition can optionally contain an additional therapeutic agent.
• the permeation enhancer increases the permeability of the skin or mucosa to the therapeutic agent(s).
• the permeation enhancer is selected from the group consisting ofC 8 -C 18 alkyl aminobenzoates (e.g., C 8 -C 18 alkyl p-aminobenzoates), C 8 -C 18 alkyl dimethylaminobenzoates (e.g., C 8 -C 18 alkyl p-dimethylaminobenzoates), C 8 -C 18 alkyl cinnamates, C 8 -C 18 alkyl methoxycinnamates (e.g., C 8 -C 18 alkyl p-methoxycinnamates), and C 8 -C 18 alkyl salicylates.
• C 8 -C 18 alkyl aminobenzoates e.g., C 8 -C 18 alkyl p-aminobenzoates
• the permeation enhancer is octyl salicylate, octyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate or octyl p-methoxycinnamate, or a combination thereof.
• the volatile liquid can be any volatile, skin- or mucosa-tolerant solvent.
• the volatile liquid is a C 2 -C 5 alcohol or an aqueous solution thereof, such as ethanol or isopropanol or an aqueous solution thereof.
• An aerosol propellant e.g., dimethyl ether
• the volatile liquid functions as a carrier or vehicle of the composition.
• the composition can optionally contain a thickening agent.
• thickening agents include cellulosic thickening agents (e.g., ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), povidone, polyacrylic acids/polyacrylates (e.g., Carbopol® polymers), Sepigel® (polyacrylamide/isoparaffin/laureth-7), and the Gantrez® series of polymethyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers (e.g., butyl ester of PMV/MA copolymer Gantrez® A-425).
• the composition contains on a weight basis about 0.1-5%, 0.5- 5% or 1-5% of a treprostinil derivative, about 1-20%, 1-15% or 1-10% of the permeation enhancer, and about 40-98%, 45-95%, 50-90% or 60-80% of the volatile liquid.
• the composition optionally contains on a weight basis about 1-40%, 1-30%, 1- 20% or 5-20% water and/or about 0.1-15%, 0.5-10% or 1-5% of a thickening agent.
• a topical spray composition contains about 0.1-5% w/v of a treprostinil derivative, about 2-10% w/v of octyl salicylate or octyl p-methyoxycinnamate, and about 95% aqueous ethanol as the carrier.
• a topic gel composition comprises about 0.1-5% w/v of a treprostinil derivative, about 1-10% w/v of octyl salicylate or octyl p-methyoxycinnamate, about 0.5-5% w/v of a Carbopol® polyacrylic acid, and about 70% aqueous ethanol as the carrier, and optionally about 1-10% w/v of a basic solution (e.g., 0.1 N NaOH).
• a basic solution e.g., 0.1 N NaOH
• a topical lotion composition contains about 0.1-5% w/v of a treprostinil derivative, about 1-10% w/v of octyl salicylate or octyl p-methyoxycinnamate, about 1-5% w/v of ethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose, and about 90% aqueous ethanol as the carrier.
• the composition can further comprise other excipients, such as a compounding agent (e.g., paraffin oil, silicone oil, a vegetable oil, or a fatty ester such as isopropyl myristate), a diluent, a co-solvent (e.g., acetone or a glycol ether such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether), an emulsifier, a surfactant (e.g., an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, glycerol mono stearate or a phosphate ester), a stabiliser, an antioxidant or a preservative (e.g., a hydroxybenzoate ester), or a combination thereof.
• a co-solvent and/or a surfactant can be used to maintain the therapeutic agent(s) in solution or suspension at the desired concentration.
• the topical composition can have any suitable dosage form, such as a cream, a lotion, a gel, an ointment, a mousse, a spray or aerosol, or any transdermal device (e.g., a patch) that administers a drug by absorption through the skin or mucosa.
• the topical composition is applied to the skin or mucosa covering a surface area of about 10-800 cm 2 , 10-400 cm 2 or 10-200 cm 2 .
• a topical composition comprises a treprostinil derivative, a permeation enhancer, and at least one of a lipophilic solvent, a formulation base and a thickener.
• the composition contains a lipophilic solvent and a formulation base, or the same substance can function as both a lipophilic solvent and a formulation base.
• the composition contains a lipophilic solvent, a formulation base and a thickener. The composition can optionally comprise an additional therapeutic agent.
• the permeation enhancer increases the permeability of the skin or mucosa to the therapeutic agent(s).
• permeation enhancers include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), decylmethylsulfoxide, laurocapram, pyrrolidones (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine), surfactants, alcohols (e.g., oleyl alcohol), polyethylene glycol (e.g., PEG 400), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, oleic acid, and fatty acid esters (e.g., isopropyl myristate, methyl laurate, glycerol monooleate, and propylene glycol monooleate).
• DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
• decylmethylsulfoxide laurocapram
• pyrrolidones e.g., 2-pyrrolidone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine
• surfactants
• Non-limiting examples of liphophilic solvents include lipophilic alcohols (e.g., hexylene glycol, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol), polyethylene glycol (e.g., PEG 100, PEG 300, PEG 400 and PEG 3350), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether,
• polysorbates e.g., Tween® 20 to 80
• Labrasol® fatty acid esters (e.g., isopropyl myristate and diisopropyl adipate), diethyl sebacate
• propylene glycol monocaprylate propylene glycol laurate
• mono- and di-glycerides e.g., Capmul® MCM
• medium-chain triglycerides e.g., Caprylic/capric triglyceride
• glyceryl monocaprylate glyceryl mono-oleate
• glyceryl mono- linoleate glycerol oleate/propylene glycol
• mineral oil and vegetable oils.
• a liphophilic solvent may also function as a formulation base or carrier.
• polyethylene glycol e.g., from PEG 100 to PEG 3500, such as PEG 300, PEG 400 and PEG 3350
• PEG 100 to PEG 3500 such as PEG 300, PEG 400 and PEG 3350
• PEG 300, PEG 400 and PEG 3350 can function as a liphophilic solvent and a formulation base.
• the composition can also contain a hydrophilic solvent, such as a Ci-C 5 alcohol (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, propylene glycol and 1,2-pentanediol) and/or water.
• a hydrophilic solvent such as a Ci-C 5 alcohol (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, propylene glycol and 1,2-pentanediol) and/or water.
• the composition can contain a thickener to increase the viscosity and/or the physical stability of the composition.
• thickeners include without limitation glycerol, stearyl alcohol, and polymers (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane [dimethicone] and Carbopol® polymers).
• the composition further contains an antioxidant.
• antioxidants include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tocopherols (e.g., Vitamin E and esters thereof), flavinoids, glutathione, ascorbic acid and esters thereof, DMSO, and chelating agents (e.g., EDTA and citric acid).
• the topical composition comprises on a w/w basis about 0.1- 5% or 0.5-5% of a treprostinil derivative, about 2-30% or 5-20% of a permeation enhancer, about 20-80% or 30-70% of a lipophilic solvent that may also function as a formulation base, about 0.1-10% or 1-7.5% of a thickener, and about 0.01-2% or 0.05-1% of an antioxidant
• a topical composition can contain a treprostinil derivative, PEG 400 and/or PEG 3350 as lipophilic solvent(s) and formulation base(s), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, oleyl alcohol and/or isopropyl myristate as permeation enhancer(s), stearyl alcohol as a thickener, and BHT as an antioxidant.
• the topical composition can have any suitable dosage form, such as a cream, a lotion, a gel, an ointment, a jelly, a paste, or any transdermal device (e.g., a patch) that administers a drug by absorption through the skin or mucosa.
• a suitable dosage form such as a cream, a lotion, a gel, an ointment, a jelly, a paste, or any transdermal device (e.g., a patch) that administers a drug by absorption through the skin or mucosa.
• Topical Compositions Comprising a Permeation Enhancer and an Adhesive
• a topical composition comprises a treprostinil derivative, a permeation enhancer and an adhesive.
• the composition can optionally contain an additional therapeutic agent.
• the permeation enhancer increases the permeability of the skin or mucosa to the therapeutic agent(s).
• the permeation enhancer can be, e.g., a fatty acid ester having a fatty acyl chain length of C 8 -C 2o or C 12 -C 18 and a C 1 -C 6 or C 2 -C 4 alcohol component (e.g., isopropanol).
• the permeation enhancer is isopropyl myristate or isopropyl palmitate.
• the permeation enhancer is in an amount of about 0.1-20%, 0.5-15%, 1-15%, 2-12% or 4-10% by weight of the composition or the skin- contacting layer of a transdermal patch.
• the adhesive maintains contact of the topical composition to the skin or mucosa.
• adhesives include acrylics/acrylates (e.g., polyacrylates, including polyalkyl acrylates and Duro-Tak® polyacrylates), polyvinyl acetate, ethylenevinylacetate copolymers, polysiloxanes, polyurethanes, plasticized polyether block amide copolymers, natural and synthetic rubbers, plasticized styrene-butadiene rubber block copolymers (e.g., Duro-Tak® 87-6173), and mixtures thereof.
• acrylics/acrylates e.g., polyacrylates, including polyalkyl acrylates and Duro-Tak® polyacrylates
• polyvinyl acetate ethylenevinylacetate copolymers
• polysiloxanes polyurethanes
• plasticized polyether block amide copolymers natural and synthetic rubbers
• the topical composition can comprise one or more additional excipients.
• the additional excipient(s) can be, e.g., a diluent, an emollient, a plasticizer, or an agent that reduces irritation to the skin or mucosa, or a combination thereof.
• the topical composition prior to application to the skin or mucosa is substantially free of water, tetraglycol (glycofurol) and/or a hydrophilic organic solvent (e.g., a C 1 -C 5 alcohol).
• the composition can administer the therapeutic agent(s) transdermally (including percutaneously and transmucosally) through a body surface or membrane such as intact unbroken skin or intact unbroken mucosal tissue into the systemic circulation.
• the topical composition is in the form of a transdermal patch for application to the skin or mucosa.
• the patch has a skin- or mucosa-contacting layer ("skin-contacting layer" for simplicity) laminated or otherwise attached to a support layer.
• the skin-contacting layer can be covered by a removable release liner before use to protect the skin-contacting surface and to keep it clean until it is applied to the skin or mucosa.
• the support layer of the patch acts as a support for the skin-contacting layer and as a barrier that prevents loss of the therapeutic agent(s) in the skin-contacting layer to the environment.
• the material of the support layer is compatible with the therapeutic agent(s), the permeation enhancer and the adhesive, and is minimally permeable to the components of the patch.
• the support layer can be opaque to protect the components of the patch from degradation via exposure to ultraviolet light.
• the support layer is also capable of binding to and supporting the adhesive layer, yet is sufficiently pliable to accommodate the movements of the subject using the patch.
• the material of the support layer can be, e.g., a metal foil, a metalized polyfoil, or a composite foil or film containing a polymer (e.g., a polyester [such as polyester terephthalate] or aluminized polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, a polyethylene methyl methacrylate block copolymer, a polyether block amide copolymer, a polyurethane, polyvinylidene chloride, nylon, a silicone elastomer, rubber-based
• a polymer e.g., a polyester [such as polyester terephthalate] or aluminized polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, a poly
• the release liner can be made of the same material as the support layer, or can be a film coated with an appropriate release surface.
• the compounds described herein are used to treat pulmonary hypertension.
• the disclosure provides a method of treating pulmonary hypertension, comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a treprostinil derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate or polymorph thereof.
• Treprostinil derivatives include prodrugs of treprostinil.
• An additional therapeutic agent can optionally be administered to treat pulmonary hypertension.
• Pulmonary hypertension is an increase of blood pressure in the lung vasculature, including the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and pulmonary capillaries.
• pulmonary hypertension encompasses pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) (e.g., congestive heart failure). More broadly, pulmonary hypertension encompasses:
• WHO Group I - pulmonary arterial hypertension including idiopathic PAH, heritable PAH (e.g., BMPR2, ALK1 and endoglin [with or without hereditary hemorrhagic
• PAH drug- and toxin-induced PAH
• PAH associated with various conditions e.g., connective tissue disease, HIV infection, portal hypertension, congenital heart disease, schistosomiasis, and chronic hemolytic anemia [e.g., sickle cell disease]
• PVOD pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
• PCH pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
• WHO Group III - pulmonary hypertension owing to lung disease and/or hypoxia including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, other pulmonary diseases with mixed restrictive and obstructive pattern, sleep-disordered breathing, alveolar hypoventilation disorders, chronic exposure to high altitude, and developmental abnormalities;
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• interstitial lung disease other pulmonary diseases with mixed restrictive and obstructive pattern
• sleep-disordered breathing sleep-disordered breathing
• alveolar hypoventilation disorders chronic exposure to high altitude, and developmental abnormalities
• WHO Group IV - chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension CTEPH
• WHO Group V - pulmonary hypertension with unclear multifactorial mechanisms, including hematologic diseases (e.g., myeloproliferative disease and splenectomy), systemic diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, neurofibromatosis and vasculitis), metabolic disorders (e.g., glycogen storage disease, Gaucher disease and thyroid diseases), and other causes (e.g., tumoral obstruction, fibrosing mediastinitis, and chronic renal failure on dialysis).
• hematologic diseases e.g., myeloproliferative disease and splenectomy
• systemic diseases e.g., sarcoidosis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, neurofibromatosis and vasculitis
• the therapeutically effective amount and frequency of administration of a treprostinil derivative to treat pulmonary hypertension may depend on various factors, including the type of pulmonary hypertension, the severity of the condition, the mode of administration, the age, body weight, general health, gender and diet of the subject, and the response of the subject to the treatment, and can be determined by the treating physician.
• the effective dose of a treprostinil derivative per day is about 0.1-100 mg, 0.1-50 mg, 0.5-50 mg, 0.5-25 mg, 0.5-10 mg, 1-10 mg or 1-5 mg, or as deemed appropriate by the treating physician, which can be administered in a single dose or in divided doses.
• the effective dose of a treprostinil derivative per day is about 0.001-2 mg/kg, 0.005-1 mg/kg, 0.01- 0.5 mg/kg or 0.01-0.1 mg/kg body weight, or as deemed appropriate by the treating physician.
• a treprostinil derivative is administered, in a single dose or in multiple doses, daily (including one, two, three or more times daily), every two days, every three days, twice weekly, thrice weekly, weekly, every 2 weeks, every 3 weeks, monthly, every
• a treprostinil derivative is administered under a chronic dosing regimen.
• a therapeutically effective amount of a treprostinil derivative is administered over a period of at least 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 1.5 months, 2 months,
• a treprostinil derivative can be administered via any suitable route.
• Potential routes of administration of a treprostinil derivative include without limitation oral, parenteral (including intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intravascular, intravenous, intraarterial, intramedullary and intrathecal), intraperitoneal, and topical (including dermal/epicutaneous, transdermal, mucosal, transmucosal, intranasal [e.g., by nasal spray or drop], intraocular [e.g., by eye drop], pulmonary [e.g., by inhalation], buccal, sublingual, rectal and vaginal).
• a treprostiml derivative is administered orally.
• a treprostinil derivative is administered topically (e.g. dermally, transdermally, mucosally, transmucosally, intranasally, pulmonarily [e.g., by inhalation], or sublingually).
• a treprostinil derivative is administered parenterally (e.g., subcutaneously or intravenously, including by injection or infusion).
• a treprostinil derivative is used to treat PAH.
• an additional therapeutic agent is administered in combination with the treprostinil derivative to treat PAH.
• the additional therapeutic agent can be administered concurrently with or sequentially to (before or after) administration of the treprostinil derivative. If administered concurrently with the treprostinil derivative, the additional therapeutic agent can be contained in the same composition as the treprostinil derivative or in separate compositions.
• the additional therapeutic agent for the treatment of PAH is selected from the group consisting of:
• vasoactive agents including without limitation prostaglandins and prostanoids (e.g., prostacyclin [prostaglandin I 2 ] and beraprost), endothelin receptor (e.g., ET A and/or ET B ) antagonists (e.g., ambrisentan, bosentan, sitaxentan and Actelion-1), phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil and tadalafil), activators of soluble guanylate cyclase (e.g., cinaciguat and riociguat), and analogs and derivatives thereof;
• prostaglandins and prostanoids e.g., prostacyclin [prostaglandin I 2 ] and beraprost
• endothelin receptor e.g., ET A and/or ET B
• PDE5 inhibitors e.g., sildenafil and tadalafil
• thiazide diuretics including without limitation thiazide diuretics (e.g., bendrofiumethiazide, chlorothiazide, epitizide and hydrochlorothiazide), thiazide-like diuretics (e.g., chlorthalidone, indapamide and metolazone), and analogs and derivatives thereof;
• anticoagulants including without limitation vitamin K antagonists (e.g., acenocoumarol, atromentin, coumarin, phenindione, phenprocoumon and warfarin), direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., argatroban, dabigatran, hirudin, lepirudin and bivalirudin), direct factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., apixaban, betrixaban, darexaban, edoxaban, eribaxaban, letaxaban and rivaroxaban), heparin and derivatives thereof (e.g., unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux and idraparinux), others (e.g., antithrombin, batroxobin and hementin), and analogs, derivatives and fragments thereof; and
• cardiac glycosides e.g., digoxin, acetyldigoxin and digoxigenin
• oxygen therapy e.g., oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, and oxygen therapy.
• Test 1 Human liver microsomal stability assay was conducted by incubating 0.5 uM test compounds at 37°C for up to 45 minutes in 50 mM of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.5 mg of microsomal protein and 50 ⁇ , of NADPH generating system (7.8 mg of glucose 6-phosphate, 1.7 mg of NADPH and 6 U of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase per mL in 2% w/v of sodium bicarbonate). At 0, 5, 15, 30 and 45 min., an aliquot was taken, quenched with internal standard containing stop solution. No co-factor controls at 45 minutes were also prepared. After incubation, the samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Peak area ratios of analyte to internal standard were used to calculate the intrinsic clearance. The intrinsic clearance (CLjnt) was determined from the first order elimination constant by non-linear regression.
• Test 2 Human plasma stability assay was conducted by incubating 0.5 uM test compounds at 37°C for up to 120 minutes in heparinated human plasma. At 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 and 240 min., an aliquot was taken, quenched with internal standard containing stop solution. After incubation, the samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Peak area ratios of analyte to internal standard were used to calculate the half-life. Formation of the active drug Compound A over the time course was also monitored by LC-MS/MS analysis.
• Test 3 Human skin homogenate stability assay was conducted in a similar way as the human liver microsomal stability assay, by incubating 0.5 uM test compounds at 37°C for up to 45 minutes in 50 mM of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.5 mg of human skin homogenate protein and 50 of NADPH generating system (7.8 mg of glucose 6-phosphate, 1.7 mg of NADPH and 6 U of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase per mL in 2% w/v of sodium bicarbonate). At 0, 5, 15, 30 and 45 min., an aliquot was taken, quenched with internal standard containing stop solution. No co-factor controls at 45 minutes were also prepared.
• Test 4 Human hepatocyte stability assay was conducted by incubating 0.5 uM test compound at 37°C for up to 240 minutes. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were obtained from Celsis IVT ( Baltimore, Maryland). Cells were thawed according to vendor's instructions and were suspended in William's Medium E to 0.5 million cells/mL. Test compounds were spiked into the cell suspension to initiate the reactions. At 0, 10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min., an aliquot was taken, quenched with internal standard containing stop solution. After incubation, the samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Peak area ratios of analyte to internal standard were used to calculate the intrinsic clearance. The intrinsic clearance (CL int ) was determined from the first order elimination constant by non-linear regression. Formation of the active drug Compound A over the time course was also monitored by LC-MS/MS analysis.
• reaction mixture was diluted with MTBE and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography. This resulting material was dissolved in MeOH (4 ml), treated with Amberlite IR120H and stirred 24 hr. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to yield 2-[2-hydroxy-l-(3-hydroxy-octyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro- 1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-5-yloxy]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-acetamide (46 mg) as an oil.
• reaction mixture was diluted with MTBE and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography. This resulting material was dissolved in MeOH/THF (4 ml), treated with Amberlite IR120H and stirred 24 hr. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to yield [2-hydroxy-l-(3-hydroxy-octyl)- 2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro- 1 H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-5-yloxy]-acetic acid 1 ,2-dimethyl-propyl ester (16 mg) as an oil.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography. This resulting material was dissolved in MeOH/THF (4 ml), treated with Amberlite IR120H and stirred 24 hr. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to yield treprostinil 2-hydroxy lactone (8 mg) as an oil.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Compounds That Contain Two Or More Ring Oxygen Atoms (AREA)
• Furan Compounds (AREA)
• Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=51298985

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications Before (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2014
  • 2014-07-16 JP JP2017500911A patent/JP6561109B2/ja active Active
  • 2014-07-16 WO PCT/US2014/046920 patent/WO2016010538A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2014-07-16 EP EP20202064.0A patent/EP3828160A1/de active Pending
  • 2014-07-16 EP EP14748380.4A patent/EP3169660A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events