EP3148919B1 - Crane girder for a crane - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a crane girder for a crane, wherein the crane girder has a hollow profile with an outer wall enclosing a cavity and is elongated, and the outer wall of the crane girder, viewed in a cross section through the crane girder, forms a bulging outwards at least partially for reduction air resistance, wherein the outer wall, seen in the cross section through the crane girder, has two opposing sections with outwardly bulging shape, which are interconnected by means of two opposing straight wall sections of the outer wall, and the crane girder at least one tread for at least one impeller a trolley of a lifting tool of the crane has.

In crane girders for particular large cranes or cranes that have to carry large loads, such as gantry cranes, overhead cranes or jib cranes are the crane girders often formed in the prior art in the so-called box construction as a hollow profile. This hollow profile has a cavity and a cavity surrounding this outer wall. In the prior art, the outer walls are usually assembled in a rectangular cross section of flat sheets. In order to prevent deflection or bending of the sheets as a result of stability problems by pressure or shear stress, reinforcing strips in the form of so-called Beulsteifen, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the crane girder, attached, in particular welded to the outer wall usually in the outer wall , The number of Beulsteifen can be very different and depending on the size of the carrier usually between 2 and 20. The disadvantage of this Beulsteifen is that they increase the one hand, the weight of the crane girder and on the other hand, the manufacturing cost in the manufacture of the crane girder.

From the DE 37 23 324 A1 a crane girder in the form of a box construction is known, in which the two lateral web plates are formed as concave inwardly curved shells to increase the torsional stiffness.

In the DE 1 117 279 B a crane girder is shown, which has a circularly curved hollow profile, wherein two opposing sections are connected to each other outwardly bulging shape by means of straight wall sections. The straight wall sections form a downwardly open slot in which the rails of the crane girder and the trolley are arranged.

In the US 3,294,252 A Crane beams are shown with a circular cross section, wherein the respective treads are arranged in a central region at the apex of the circular cross section.

In the EP 0 194 615 A1 is a crane girder with a circular cross-section for one-sided projecting trolleys shown. The introduction of force into the crane girder takes place tangentially, which is why the crane girder is subjected not only to a bending load but also to a torsional load.

The object of the invention is to improve a crane girder of the type mentioned above to the extent that the drive power required to move the crane girder is as low as possible and large forces can be introduced into the crane girder with little deformation of the crane girder.

For this purpose, the invention proposes that the opposing sections facing outwardly bulging shape in an operating position of the crane girder up and down and the straight wall sections limit the crane girder in the operating position to the sides, the wall sections are vertically extending and the tread at, is preferably arranged on one of the straight wall sections of the outer wall and / or supported.

By the at least partially outwardly bulging and thus deviating from a rectangle shape of the outer wall, seen in said cross section through the crane girder, an aerodynamic improvement can be brought about, so that the moving when moving the crane girder acting on this wind load is reduced by reducing the air resistance. As a result, the drive power, which is required for moving the crane girder, can be significantly reduced. The crane girders according to the invention are manufactured in a kind of box construction, so that they also have a hollow profile with a cavity surrounding an outer wall. The at least partially outwardly bulging shape for reducing the air resistance could also be referred to as at least partially aerodynamically outwardly bulging shape.

The up and down in the operating position of the crane girder sections can be designed as so-called upper and lower chords. These can then serve to receive and transmit the resulting from the load transfer into the crane girder and the weight of the crane girder bending moments. In particular, in such embodiments is achieved by the outwardly bulging shape a particularly high stability with relatively low weight of the crane girder.

The straight wall portions which connect the two opposing portions with outwardly curved shape may also be referred to as webs or side webs.

In addition to improving the aerodynamics or reducing the aerodynamic drag of the crane girder, a static improvement is achieved by the outwardly bulging shape of the crane girder in some areas. By partially outwardly bulging shape of the outer wall is the Stability of the crane girder compared to a rectangular cross-section of the outer wall increased with the same material and the same wall thickness. As a result, the attachment of reinforcing bodies in the form of the aforementioned Beulsteifen on the outer wall can be completely or at least partially dispensed with. As a result, a higher stability and thus load bearing capacity of the crane girder is achieved without the weight of the crane girder increasing. Nevertheless, it should be noted that if this appears to be useful in special embodiments, for example, for structural reasons for supporting the outer wall or other, for example, the manufacture of the crane girder simplifying reasons, inside the cavity surrounded by the outer wall can also be arranged inside walls.

Preferred variants of a crane girder according to the invention with said tread advantageously extend horizontally in the operating position of the crane girder. Essentially horizontal in this context is conveniently the horizontal per se and a deviation thereof from a maximum of +/- 5 °, preferably to understand by +/- 1 ° from the horizontal. Crane beams on which the wheels of the trolley of the crane's lifting gear are supported, are often referred to as the main carrier of the crane. The invention brings in such main carriers the advantage that the wheel loads of the wheels of the trolley can be well received by the crane carrier.

By supporting the tread or rail in the operating position preferably vertically arranged wall sections, it is particularly well possible to optimally initiate the wheel loads of the wheels of the trolley in the crane girder. In particular, it is possible in such embodiments to initiate the wheel loads at any point along the tread of the crane girder in this, even if there is no bulkhead and no other additional substructure exists.

Inventive crane girders are elongated. That is, their length extension is significantly greater than their width and thickness extension. preferred Embodiments of inventive crane girder see, as known per se in the prior art, that along the longitudinal extent of the crane girder at certain intervals so-called baffle plates are arranged in the cavity on which the outer wall is supported or fixed. The partition plates are conveniently arranged so that they are normal, so orthogonal to the direction of the longitudinal extension of the crane girder. The distance between the bulkhead plates can be selected as needed.

Another advantage of the at least partially outwardly bulging shape of the outer wall of the crane girder is that this significantly reduces the formation of wind and / or vibration noise or the like compared to conventional crane girders with a rectangular cross section of the outer wall.

In addition, the stability of the crane girder and / or crane against tipping, e.g. in case of a storm, increased.

Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention provide that the outer wall of the crane girder seen in a cross section through the crane girder anywhere has a bulging outward shape.

The crane girder is moved, as a rule by the crane, in at least one direction of movement relative to the air surrounding it. In this case, the entire crane can be moved together with the crane girder and / or the crane girder is moved relative to other components of the crane. In order to minimize the air resistance of the crane girder as it moves in the direction of motion, in preferred embodiments of the invention, a width extension of the outer wall of the crane girder is bounded parallel to the direction of movement by a first end and a second end of the widthwise extension of the outer wall, and seen in the cross section through the crane girder, a distance measured orthogonally to the direction of movement between opposing portions of the outer wall of at least one of the ends the widthwise extension, preferably from both ends of the widthwise extension, of the cavity towards a central region of the cavity increases at least in regions. Of course, there may also be embodiments in which the crane girder can be moved in two or more directions of movement. In such variants, what has been said above then applies to at least one of the directions of movement and preferably to the direction of movement in which the crane carrier is moved most frequently or the greatest wind load is to be expected. Since a central concern is the reduction of air resistance, it is ultimately in the direction of movement always a relative movement between the crane girder and the surrounding air. When determining the above-mentioned direction of movement, therefore, for example, the locally present main wind direction can also be taken into consideration. In this sense, the above principle is even applicable to crane girders or cranes, which are arranged locally fixed.

The outwardly bulging shape of the outer wall could also be referred to as an outwardly curved shape of the outer wall, which can be rounded but this rounded outward or curved shape can not. For the at least partially outwardly bulging shape of the outer wall, there are thus a wide variety of embodiments. For example, It is possible that the at least partially outwardly bulging or arched shape of the outer wall, seen in the cross section through the crane girder, is rounded. Alternatively or in other areas of the outer wall, however, it is also possible that the at least partially outwardly bulging shape of the outer wall, seen in the cross section through the crane girder, is polygonal.

An upwardly bulging shape further has the advantage that no or only little rainwater or other precipitation can collect on the crane girder and thus no or only a small additional load of the crane carrier can arise from rainwater lying on it. In order to avoid the overload of precipitation, it can also be provided that the crane girder is arranged slightly inclined in the operating position in its longitudinal direction. The, in Sections of the outer wall of the crane girder formed outwardly bulging form sections may be formed in sections arcuate or otherwise curved. As mentioned above, also polygonal or other forms of bulge are conceivable.

Preferred embodiments of the invention provide that a width extension of the outer wall of the crane girder is parallel to the direction of movement greater than or less than a thickness extension of the outer wall of the crane girder orthogonal to the direction of movement. The width extension and the thickness extension are each the maximum extent of the outer wall in the respective direction. The longitudinal extent of the crane girder and the width of the outer wall extension and the thickness of the outer wall are expediently orthogonal to each other.

If the width extension of the outer wall in a horizontal direction, seen in the mentioned cross-section, is greater than the thickness extension in a vertical direction, then this is generally particularly favorable in the sense of reducing the wind load. The thickness extension of the outer wall in the vertical direction greater than their width extension in the horizontal direction to design, may be useful if particularly high static requirements are to be placed on the crane girder. In preferred embodiments, it is provided that the thickness extent of the outer wall seen in the vertical direction in said cross section of the crane girder is between 50 and 80% of the width extent of the outer wall in the horizontal direction. For large cranes such as gantry cranes or gantry cranes, in which crane girders according to the invention are used as main girders with their longitudinal direction mostly oriented substantially horizontally, the width extent of the outer wall in the horizontal direction in the mentioned cross section can be seen by the crane girder, values from 2.5m to 10m, preferably from 3m to 6m. The length of the crane girder may, for example, be from 10 m to 150 m. In the case where straight wall sections or webs are provided in the outer wall, their thickness in the operating position in the vertical direction is advantageously between 20 and 60%, preferably between 30 and 40%, the said thickness extension of the outer wall in the vertical direction. Although, in preferred embodiments, the width of the outer wall in the horizontal direction and the thickness of the outer wall extend in the vertical direction, this need not necessarily be so.

The outer wall is seen in preferred embodiments, seen in cross-section through the crane girder, at least with respect to an axis of symmetry axisymmetric. The aforementioned direction of movement is conveniently parallel to the or one of the axes of symmetry. The cross-section through the crane girder is preferably considered in a plane to which the longitudinal extent of the crane girder is normal or orthogonal. The outer wall of the crane girder is preferably partially or completely made of steel. To produce the outer wall, steel sheets with thicknesses between 8 and 20mm are favorably used.

Crane beams according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of types of cranes.

In addition to the crane girder per se, the invention also relates to a crane which has at least one crane girder according to the invention. This is particularly preferably a gantry crane or a bridge crane or a jib crane. The crane girders of the invention may be both substantially vertical columns, e.g. for connecting a chassis of the crane with a main carrier or substantially horizontally extending main carrier. In the case of a gantry crane or bridge crane crane of the invention may have a single, but also two or more main carrier in the form of crane girders according to the invention.

• Fig. 1 bis 3 verschiedene Ausgestaltungsformen von Kränen mit erfindungsgemäßen Kranträgern;
• Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch den in den Fig. 1 bis 3 gezeigten Kranträger, und
• Fig. 5 und 6 alternative Ausgestaltungsformen hierzu.

Further features and details of preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the attached drawings in the form of different variants. Show it:

• Fig. 1 to 3 various embodiments of cranes with crane girders according to the invention;
• Fig. 4 a cross section through the in the Fig. 1 to 3 shown crane girders, and
• FIGS. 5 and 6 alternative embodiments for this purpose.

Fig. 1 shows a crane 3 in the form of a gantry crane, in which the inventively designed crane girder 1 is designed as in the operating position shown substantially horizontally arranged main carrier. This main carrier 1 has, as in Fig. 4 more clearly shown, a hollow section 4, in which the cavity 5 is enclosed by an outer wall 6. The outer wall 6 of the crane girder is, as in the cross section through the crane girder 1 according to Fig. 4 , is easy to see, formed with a bulging at least partially outward form to reduce the air resistance. In the specific embodiment, the upper and lower chords forming portions 10 and 11 are provided with a bulging outward shape. On the sides, the outer wall 6 consists of the straight wall sections 12. The main carrier 1 according to Fig. 1 carries the trolley 15 to which a not shown here, known per se lifting the crane is attached. The trolley 15 is movable in the longitudinal direction 27 along the crane or main carrier 1. For this purpose, the crane girder 1 in the first embodiment shown two treads 13, on which the wheels 14 of the trolley 15 run along. How very good in Fig. 6 can be seen, the treads 13 are formed here as rails. The running surfaces or rails 13 are supported on the straight wall sections 12, which could also be referred to as a web or side web, the outer wall 6. In particular, because of the vertical extent of the straight wall sections 12 can be entered into this very large loads, without this resulting in a significant deformation of the crane girder 1. The crane girder 1 is suspended in any case on the two yokes 22 in this embodiment. The yokes 22 are in turn supported on the trolleys 23, as with the prior art supports 21. Above the trolleys 23, the supports 21 in the variants shown for their stabilization once again by means of horizontal connections 25 are interconnected. The horizontal connections 25 may also be referred to as a head carrier. On the chassis 23, which are usually performed on rails, the crane 3 can be moved in the directions of movement 7. The inventive, at least partially outwardly bulging shape of the crane girder 1 whose air resistance is significantly reduced, so that drive energy can be saved for moving the entire crane 3 including crane girder 1 and less drive power is required. The crane girder 1 is longitudinally extended in the longitudinal direction 27 in the embodiment shown. In the gantry cranes shown here, the direction of movement 7 thus extends orthogonally to the longitudinal extent 27.

Fig. 2 indicates one Fig. 1 in the basic construction similar embodiment of a gantry crane with only one main carrier. It will only apply to the differences here Fig. 1 received. Otherwise that applies too Fig. 1 Said. The essential difference between the embodiment according to Fig. 1 and according to Fig. 2 lies in that in Fig. 2 a known strut is provided by means of the struts 16, to which the crane girder 1 is additionally suspended. This is useful when particularly heavy loads attached to the trolley 15 and to be transported with this and / or if, as shown here, the crane girder 1 in the horizontal direction is very far beyond the space between the supports 21, so a very large Longitudinal extent has in the longitudinal direction 27.

In Fig. 3 is the embodiment of Fig. 2 further modified. Here, the crane girder 1 according to the invention has a crane girder section 24, which is additionally pivotable in the vertical direction shown by the double arrow 31. The drive for pivoting the crane girder section 24 in the directions according to the double arrow 31 is not shown here. But it can be done as known. According to this embodiment Fig. 3 Thus, at least the crane girder section 24 of the crane girder 1 can be moved not only in the direction of movement 7 but also in the direction of movement according to the double arrow 31. Nevertheless, here too, the crane girder 1 is designed so that it in a movement of the crane 3 together with the crane girder 1 in the directions of movement. 7 leads to a corresponding reduction in air resistance and thus to reduce the required drive power. Fig. 3 But it is also an example that a crane 3 according to the invention does not necessarily have to be just a gantry crane. Rather, the crane girder section 24 is a crane girder of a jib crane. The embodiment according to Fig. 3 is thus a combination of gantry crane and jib crane.

Of course, the invention can also be implemented in numerous other types of cranes, in particular in overhead cranes and other jib cranes, without this needing to be explicitly described in detail here.

Fig. 4 shows, as I said, the cross section through the crane girder 1, which in the embodiments according to Fig. 1 to 3 is used. The illustrated cross-section is shown in a normal to the respective longitudinal extent of the main carrier 1 arranged plane. This also applies to the below-explained cross sections according to the FIGS. 5 and 6 ,

In the embodiment according to Fig. 4 For example, the upper and lower belt forming portions 10 and 11 are each provided with an outwardly bulging shape for reducing air resistance. The section 10 of the outer wall 6 points upward in the operating position shown here and also ensures that rainwater or other precipitation can collect, if at all, only in a very small area of the crane girder 1 towards the rails or running surfaces 13. In order to drain this water, the main carrier 1 can be made slightly inclined in its longitudinal direction 27. The outwardly bulging shape of the sections 10 and 11 in addition to the reduction of air resistance also ensures a high stability of the main carrier 1, so that it can absorb large static forces, without this inside the enclosed by the outer wall 6 cavity 5 still Beulsteifen or other Reinforcements must be provided. In addition, the outwardly bulging portions 10 and 11 also reduce the susceptibility of the crane girder 1 Vibration excitation to produce noises. The crane girder 1 is designed in the form of the hollow profile 4. The outer wall 6 surrounds the cavity 5. In the embodiment shown, the outer wall 6 is composed of the two already mentioned sections 10 and 11 and of the straight wall sections 12 together. The straight wall sections 12 are here in this embodiment as a double T-beam, as they are known from steel construction, executed. Through them very large, generated by the load of the trolley 15 forces can be absorbed through the tread 13. In the embodiment according to Fig. 4 are the outwardly bulging forms of the outer wall 6, so formed the sections 10 and 11 rounded. It is both the width extension 17 and the thickness extension or height extension 18 located. The width extension 17 of the outer wall 16 is seen in the direction parallel to the direction of movement 7, bounded by the first end 8 and the second end 9. In the cross section seen here through the crane girder, the distance 19 measured orthogonally to the direction of movement 7 increases at least in regions between opposite sections of the outer wall 6 from both ends 8 and 9 of the width extension 17 of the cavity 5 towards the central region 20 of the cavity , By way of example, a few distances 19, which are to be measured orthogonally to the width extension 17, are shown. The cross section of this crane girder 1 has two axes of symmetry 28. One of them, namely the horizontal, runs parallel to the direction of movement 7 and thus also parallel to the width extension 17.

Fig. 5 shows a first alternative to the cross section according to Fig. 4 , Here, the two opposing upper and lower chords, so the sections 10 and 11 in the cross section shown not rounded but polygonal shaped to realize the inventive outwardly bulging shape of the outer wall 6. Otherwise that applies too Fig. 4 Said.

Fig. 6 shows a further variant in the form of a modification of the Fig. 4 , Here, a longitudinal groove 29 of the outer wall 6 is provided in the lower flange 11. In this example, supply lines or the like can be performed. Nevertheless, here too, at least in sections, that a distance 19 measured orthogonal to the direction of movement 7 between opposite sections of the outer wall 6 increases from both ends 8 and 9 of the width extension 17 of the cavity 5 towards a central region 20 of the cavity 5.

In the embodiments according to the 4 to 6 the cross-section through the main carrier is designed like a lens, at least in a first approximation. Legend to the reference numbers: 1 crane carrier 31 double arrow 3 crane 4 hollow profile 5 cavity 6 outer wall 7 movement direction 8th first end 9 second end 10 section 11 section 12 straight wall section 13 tread 14 Wheel 15 trolley 16 strut 17 width extension 18 Dick extension 19 distance 20 central area 21 support 22 yoke 23 landing gear 24 Crane support section 25 Horizontal connection 26 Horizontal connection 27 longitudinal direction 28 axis of symmetry 29 longitudinal groove

Claims (7)

1. A crane girder (1) for a crane (3), wherein the crane girder (1) has a hollow profile (4), having an external wall (6) that encloses a cavity (5), and extends longitudinally, and the external wall (6) of the crane girder (1), when viewed in a cross section through the crane girder (1), has at least in regions an outwardly bulging shape for reducing aerodynamic drag, wherein the external wall (6), when viewed in the cross section through the crane girder (1), has two mutually opposite portions (10, 11), having an outwardly bulging shape, which are interconnected by two mutually opposite straight wall portions (12) of the external wall (6), and the crane girder (1) has at least one running surface (13) for at least one running wheel (14) of a trolley (15) of a lifting gear of the crane (3), characterized in that the mutually opposite portions (10, 11), having an outwardly bulging shape, in an operating position of the crane girder point upward and downward, and the straight wall portions (12) in the operating position laterally delimit the crane girder (1), wherein the wall portions (12) extend vertically, and the running surface (13) is disposed and/or supported on, preferably on top of, one of the straight wall portions (12) of the external wall (6).
2. The crane girder (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the crane girder (1) is movable in at least one movement direction (7), and a width extent (17) of the external wall (6) of the crane girder (1) is delimited in parallel with the movement direction (7) by a first end (8) and a second end (9) of the width extent (17) of the external wall (6), and when viewed in the cross section through the crane girder (1) a spacing (19), which is measured orthogonally to the movement direction (7), between two mutually opposite portions of the external wall (6) at least in regions increases from at least one of the ends (8, 9) of the width extent (17), preferably from both ends (8, 9) of the width extent (17), of the cavity (5) toward a central region (20) of the cavity (5) .
3. The crane girder (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shape of the external wall (6) that at least in regions is outwardly bulging, when viewed in the cross section through the crane girder (1) is configured to be rounded.
4. The crane girder (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shape of the external wall (6) that at least in regions is outwardly bulging, when viewed in the cross section through the crane girder (1) is configured to be polygonal.
5. The crane girder (1) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the running surface (13) is configured as a rail.
6. The crane girder (1) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the crane girder (1) is movable in at least one movement direction (7), and a width extent (17) of the external wall (6) of the crane girder (1) in parallel with the movement direction (7) is larger or smaller than a thickness extent (17) of the external wall (6) of the crane girder (1) that is orthogonal to the movement direction (7).
7. A crane (3), in particular a gantry crane or an overhead crane or an outrigger crane, characterized in that said crane has at least one crane girder (1) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6.

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