EP3147420B1 - Arrangement for heating, more specifically for drying a part of a building - Google Patents

Description

The application relates to an arrangement for heating, in particular for drying, a component of a building.

Every year, more than 1 million water damages due to leaking water pipes are reported to insurance companies in Germany. The average cost per damage is around 1500 euros and the trend is rising. The most common causes are age-related leaky pipes. Large temperature fluctuations or freeze/thaw cycles can also lead to leaking pipes and thus water damage. In many cases, the leak is discovered with a delay of days or even weeks, e.g. as a water stain on the ceiling or as dark spots on the wall. After recording, a decision must be made as to whether the damage can be repaired by technical drying of the affected floors, ceilings and walls.

Damp walls and floors after water damage are usually dried by heating the rooms or by infrared heating panels, which heat the surfaces to dry the building components. Underfloor drying systems are used for floors if they contain insulation. Both systems are very energy-intensive and often leave damp spots that cannot be reached by the drying systems, such as the floor-to-wall transition.

From the AT 408 557 B a system is known in which heating pipes are arranged in the masonry to be dried. There is a cover on the room side on the masonry diffusion-open thermal insulation material arranged as interior insulation. This reduces heat emission into the room and at the same time allows moisture emission.

From the AT 507 536 A1 a device for drying damp building parts such as wall, ceiling, floor or beam areas is known. For this purpose, a heated layer is arranged on the surface of the part of the building to be dried or just in front of it. This layer is a good conductor of heat. In order to allow moisture to escape, the layer is perforated in the form of a lattice. On the side facing away from the part of the building to be dried, there is thermal insulation open to diffusion. the AT 507 536 A1 discloses a generic structure with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

From the DE 103 20 240 A1 a method for drying damp walls of buildings and a heating mat for this purpose is known. The heating mat contains a heating layer applied on one side to a thermal insulation layer and an electrically insulating barrier layer applied to the heating layer. A thermally conductive layer is bonded to the barrier layer. The heat conducting layer of the heating mat is brought into contact with the wall to be heated. As a result, the moisture is pushed through the wall from the heated side of the wall and aired out on the unheated wall side.

The object of the present invention is to improve such arrangements.

To this end, a structure for heating a component of a building is proposed. The component is in particular a wall and/or a floor and/or a ceiling. But it can also be a roof or the like. It can basically be understood as any component of a building that may require drying. In many cases it is masonry.

The structure has a heating system and diffusion-open insulation. The heating system is designed in such a way that the component can be heated by the heat provided by the heating system. The heater is an electrical resistance heater that can be brought into direct contact with the component. The diffusion-open insulation is arranged or can be arranged in such a way that heat transport of the heat provided by the heating system into the heating system-side environment of the component can be reduced. First of all, it should be emphasized that the permeable insulation is arranged during operation in such a way that heat losses on the heating system side are reduced. It is therefore not primarily a matter of providing diffusion-open insulation on the outside when heating the inside of an outside wall, for example. Rather, to stay with this example, the heating system and the vapor-permeable insulation should be arranged on the inside. It is clear that the diffusion-open insulation must not prevent the heat provided by the heating system from entering the component to be heated.

It should be made clear that a structure is conceivable in which the heating system and diffusion-open insulation are preconfigured to form an overall system, which can then be combined with a component as such. This might be preferred.

However, it would also be conceivable to combine the heating system and diffusion-open insulation as separate components into a structure according to the invention only when they are arranged on the component to be heated.

In any case, it is possible to flexibly design the heating system and/or diffusion-open insulation. This allows the heating system and the diffusion-open insulation to be adapted to the shape of the component to be heated on site.

In the one mentioned above AT 408 557 B permanently installed pipes in the masonry are provided. The structure described above, on the other hand, is basically suitable for drying any component. In particular, temporary drying is possible.

the AT 507 536 A1 also has electrical resistance heating. A heated layer with good thermal conductivity is provided for distributing the heat. This layer has a number of openings so that the moisture can be removed. The layer is normally a plate. In the last paragraph of the description of the AT 507 536 A1 it is stated that a film can also be used instead of the plate. A loss of thermal conductivity that accompanies this is mentioned as a disadvantage. In the case of the present invention, it has now been recognized that the thermally conductive layer can be omitted entirely. The heat conduction in the component to be dried is sufficiently high. This is particularly true in view of the diffusion-open insulation, which represents a high level of thermal resistance. The omission of the layer is therefore thermodynamically possible and simplifies the structure. The omission of the layer also facilitates the removal of moisture. Even if the layer according to AT 507 536 A1 Has holes, but it represents a resistance for the moisture to be dissipated.

In one embodiment, the structure is designed to accelerate the drying of the component. As already mentioned in the introduction, the drying of components is a significant problem. Components are usually heated to dry them. The present structure is therefore fundamentally suitable for this. In addition to the diffusion-open insulation, it is also important that the heating system does not impede drying. For example, a steam-impermeable heating foil is out of the question for drying applications. Drying is not only important after water damage. There are also components that have to be dried after they have been manufactured; Here, for example, the drying of freshly laid screed should be considered. The present invention is also suitable for these applications.

In addition to drying, which is the main focus from the current point of view, the structure can also be used to accelerate the reactions of building materials. For example, polymeric sealers set faster when heated. The system can also be used to combat microorganisms through heat treatment.

As already mentioned, the present heating system can be brought into direct contact with the component. As a rule, it is actually beneficial if the heating system is installed as close as possible to the component, although direct contact is normally not essential. The diffusion-open insulation leads to a shield, so that the use of the rooms is usually not excluded even during the duration of the drying measures. With the previously known drying approaches, the use of the rooms is usually severely restricted or excluded.

If the diffusion-open insulation is on a floor, additional measures can be taken to ensure that the floor remains accessible. It is conceivable, for example, to arrange a metal grid on the side of the vapor-permeable insulation that is at the top when installed, which is removed from the floor by spacers, so that people who step on the metal grid do not impair or damage the vapor-permeable insulation.

In addition, it is crucial that the present invention permits energy-efficient drying. This is mainly due to the fact that due to the insulation, primarily only the component to be dried is heated, but not the environment.

While drying measures known in the prior art, such as drying and circulating the air in the building, often result in insufficient drying of corners, the present invention also allows corners to be dried efficiently. In many cases it also makes sense to combine different drying measures. Thus, in a first phase, the drying known in the prior art can be carried out by circulating dry air in the building and in a second phase, the drying according to the present invention can take place.

As mentioned, the heating system is formed by electric heating wires. Such electrical resistance heaters are common and proven. They are therefore also suitable for the present application.

In one embodiment, heating wires, which serve as a heating system, are installed in a diffusion-open fabric or fleece serving as diffusion-open insulation, in particular in a diffusion-open glass fiber fabric or glass fiber fleece. This means that the diffusion-open insulation and the heating system are available as one component. It is also ensured that the heating system is open to diffusion, which is necessary for drying. It goes without saying that the heating wires are to be attached on one side, more precisely on the side that faces the component to be dried during installation.

In one embodiment, a diffusion-open insulation made of mineral fibers serves as the diffusion-open insulation. This insulation can be used in particular together with the above-mentioned permeable fabric or fleece. The fabric or fleece, in which the heating wires are incorporated, is on the side facing the component to be dried in the installed position. This is followed by the mineral fiber insulation on the side facing away from the component in the installation position. This forms a mat that can be used as a compact unit for drying.

In one embodiment, the heating system and the diffusion-open insulation are arranged in an interior or the exterior of the building. For example, the heating system and the diffusion-open insulation can be arranged outdoors in order to dry a component designed as an outer wall from the outside. In addition or as an alternative to the interior of the building, the heating system and the diffusion-open insulation can be arranged on the outer wall. In the case of an inner wall forming the component, both sides are in the interior. It is possible to arrange the heating system and the diffusion-open insulation on one side or on both sides. This also applies to a ceiling forming the component, which at the same time forms the floor for the storey above. The fastening of the heating system and diffusion-open insulation is sometimes a little more difficult on the ceiling, but the impairment for the users is often less than with an arrangement on the floor of the floor above.

In one embodiment of the invention, the heating system is additionally formed by a layer that absorbs solar radiation and the insulation that is open to diffusion by a translucent thermal insulation. It goes without saying that this embodiment only makes sense if the absorbing layer is actually exposed to the solar radiation to a significant extent. As a rule, this is only the case with the side facing the outside, ie the outside, of an outer wall, provided that this is sufficiently oriented towards the sun. The layer absorbing solar radiation can be formed by the surface of the component, ie normally the surface of the outer wall.

At this point it should be explained that several heating systems can be combined to form a common heating system. It is therefore possible, for example, to combine the solar radiation-absorbing layer described above with the electrical heating wire described. However, other combinations are also conceivable.

In one embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation that is open to diffusion is impermeable to water. This is particularly important when installed outdoors to prevent exposure to rainwater. One possibility for implementation is given by a diffusion-open but water-impermeable membrane. Such membranes are known in the prior art. Especially with translucent ones Thermal insulation, which is normally arranged outdoors and is therefore exposed to the rain, such permeable and water-impermeable membranes are useful. They can serve as a termination facing away from the component. Of course, such membranes can also be attached to other diffusion-open insulation, such as the mineral fiber insulation described above.

In one embodiment of the invention, the heating system can be regulated, with temperature sensors and moisture sensors in particular being possible in the component and on the component surfaces. For example, a target temperature can be specified in the component that is to be reached. Safety aspects can also be taken into account through the regulation, for example if a certain temperature in the component or in the insulation must not be exceeded for fire protection reasons. It is also conceivable to want to ensure that the building can be used during drying and to regulate the heating system in such a way that no unpleasant overheating of rooms in the building occurs.

In one embodiment of the invention, there are fastening devices for fastening the heating system and diffusion-open insulation to the component. This can be accomplished with nails, double-sided tape, clamp strips, Velcro, and a variety of other means.

In particular, the aforementioned embodiments can contribute to the fact that use by less trained personnel or do-it-yourselfers is also possible. A simple attachment can thus facilitate the use of the invention. Above all, however, a regulation that is simple for the user and in which safety aspects, in this case mainly questions of fire protection, are largely automatically guaranteed, makes an important contribution.

The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. For this shows figure 1 schematic of a building.

This in figure 1 Schematically shown building 1 with an interior 2 has as components a floor 3, a ceiling 4, a roof 5 and an outer wall 6. The ceiling 4 also serves as the floor of an attic 7.

There is water damage in area 8 of floor 3, in area 9 of outer wall 6 and in area 10 of ceiling 4. The floor 3, ceiling 4 and outer wall 6 components must therefore be dried. To dry the areas 8 and 9, a heating system 11 with diffusion-open insulation 12 is arranged. The heating system 11 is a flexible electrical heater, more precisely a heating wire that is incorporated into fleece. This is followed by the diffusion-open insulation 12 made of mineral fibers.

Such a structure is also used for drying the area 10 of the ceiling 4, both on the side facing the interior space 2 and on the side facing the attic floor 7.

In order to dry the area 9 of the outer wall 6, a heating wire, which is incorporated into fleece, is also provided as a heating system 11 on the outside. A translucent thermal insulation 13 serves as a diffusion-open insulation. On the side of the translucent thermal insulation 13 facing away from the heating system 11, a non-illustrated water-impermeable but diffusion-open membrane is arranged. The radiation coming from the sun 14 passes through the translucent thermal insulation and is then absorbed. This means that there is additional heating.

It can be seen that a common heating system 11 with diffusion-open insulation 12 is arranged for drying the areas 8 and 9 . Due to the flexible design, the heating system 11 with vapor-permeable insulation 12 can be routed around the corner.

The arrows 15 indicate the evaporation that takes place both in the interior 2, the attic 7 and in the environment.

Claims (9)

1. Assembly, in particular flexible assembly, for heating a component (3, 4, 5, 6) of a building (1), configured for directing and dissipating moisture from the component (3, 4, 5, 6) through the assembly, wherein the component is in particular a wall (6) and/or a floor (3, 4) and/or a ceiling (4), having a heating system (11) and a diffusion-permeable insulation (12, 13), wherein the heating system (11) is configured in such a manner that heat provided by the heating system (11) can cause heating of the component (3, 4, 5, 6), and wherein the diffusion-permeable insulation (12, 13) is disposed, or able to be disposed, in such a manner that a heat transmission of the heat provided by the heating system (11) to the heating system-proximal environment of the component (3, 4, 5, 6) can be reduced, characterized in that the heating system (11) is an electric resistance heater which can be brought into direct contact with the component (3, 4, 5, 6).
2. Assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the assembly is configured for accelerating the drying of the component (3, 4, 5, 6).
3. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that heating wires which serve as the heating system (11) are installed in a diffusion-permeable woven or non-woven fabric, in particular in a diffusion-permeable woven or non-woven glass fibre fabric, serving as a diffusion-permeable insulation (12).
4. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a diffusion-permeable insulation made from mineral fibre serves as the diffusion-permeable insulation (12).
5. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating system (11) and the diffusion-permeable insulation (12, 13) are disposed in an interior space or the exterior space of the building.
6. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating system (11) is additionally formed by a solar radiation absorbing layer, and the diffusion-permeable insulation is formed by a translucent thermal insulation (13).
7. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diffusion-permeable thermal insulation (13) is impermeable to water.
8. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that feedback-control of the heating system (11) is possible, wherein temperature sensors and moisture sensors in particular are possible in the component (3, 4, 5, 6) and on the component surfaces.
9. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fastening devices for fastening to the component (3, 4, 5, 6) are present.

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