EP3146190B1 - Two-cylinder stirling engine, multiple-cylinder stirling engine and electric energy generation system - Google Patents
Two-cylinder stirling engine, multiple-cylinder stirling engine and electric energy generation system Download PDFInfo
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- EP3146190B1 EP3146190B1 EP15725538.1A EP15725538A EP3146190B1 EP 3146190 B1 EP3146190 B1 EP 3146190B1 EP 15725538 A EP15725538 A EP 15725538A EP 3146190 B1 EP3146190 B1 EP 3146190B1
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- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- stirling engine
- cylinder stirling
- double
- displacer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
- F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
- F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines
- F02G2244/54—Double acting piston machines having two-cylinder twin systems, with compression in one cylinder and expansion in the other cylinder for each of the twin systems, e.g. "Finkelstein" engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to claim 1 having at least two, each having a common hot area or a common cold area, double cylinder Stirling engines each with a pair of mutually opposed displacement cylinders and at least one working cylinder.
- double cylinder in the present application throughout the provision of two opposed displacement cylinders, each with a displacement piston for a motor according to the Stirling principle used, wherein the displacement piston of the displacement cylinder are mechanically coupled by a rigid piston rod.
- a Stirling engine also called a hot gas engine
- a hot gas engine is nowadays regarded as a suitable way for the particularly efficient realization of a heat-power coupling.
- the principle of the Stirling engine is based on the fact that heat is supplied to the engine from the outside in order to heat a working gas permanently taken up in the Stirling engine.
- the Stirling engine has two different temperature zones, a so-called hot zone and a so-called cold zone, which are located opposite one another in a displacement cylinder of the Stirling engine.
- the hot region and the cold region heat and cool the working gas trapped in the displacement cylinder, which alternately reciprocates between these regions and is thus alternately heated and cooled.
- With the temperature differences of the working gas a different expansion of the working gas and thus a pressure wave is accompanied, which translates a recorded in the working cylinder working piston.
- the according to the Stirling principle generated translational motion is then advantageously converted into rotational energy.
- Fig. 1A The known from the prior art single-cylinder Stirling engine is exemplary in Fig. 1A illustrated.
- the in Fig. 1A shown single-cylinder Stirling engine embodies the state of the art from the perspective of the inventor, in which a displacement piston 11 of a displacement cylinder 10 of the single-cylinder Stirling engine along a displacement axis 41 parallel to the vertical, ie vertically, is moved, and a working piston 21 of a Working cylinder 20 of the single-cylinder Stirling engine substantially along a working axis 25 orthogonal to the vertical, ie horizontally, is moved. More specifically, the includes in Fig.
- the displacement cylinder 10 which has a hot area 12, a cold area 13 and the between these areas 12 and 13 along the displacement axis 41 movable displacement piston 11 and which is mechanically coupled to a piston rod 30, and the working cylinder 20 with the along the working axis 25 movable working piston 21.
- the working cylinder 20 which are gas-conductively connected to each other by a gas line 18, there is a working gas.
- the working piston 21 is movable by a pressure change of the working gas along the working axis 25, and its translational movement along the working axis 25 by atecsumsetz founded in a rotational movement of a rotating shaft of the single-cylinder Stirling engine implemented around a rotation axis 39 of the rotary shaft.
- the movement conversion device is composed of a working piston rod 22 which is movable by the working piston 21 and a working piston connecting rod 23 which is in turn connected to the rotary shaft or one mounted on the rotary shaft via a hinge device 33, which is spaced radially eccentrically from the axis of rotation 39 of the rotary shaft Kurbelrad 37 is mechanically connected.
- the displacement piston 11 is coupled to the piston rod 30, which is held by a linear guide bearing 31 along the displacement axis 41 movably disposed between the displacement cylinder 10 and the rotation axis 39.
- the piston rod 30 is connected to a VerdrDeutschungspleuel 34, which in turn is mechanically connected to the hinge device 33, so that these components are designed as a coupling device for mechanically coupling a movement of the piston rod 30 along the displacement axis 41 and the rotational movement of the rotary shaft.
- FIG. 1B shown advanced single-cylinder Stirling engine is designed for an operation in which the displacement piston 11 substantially orthogonal to the vertical, ie horizontally, along the displacement axis 41 is moved, and the working piston 21 is moved vertically along the working axis 25.
- the constructive development of the in Fig. 1B illustrated single-cylinder Stirling engine compared to in Fig. 1A shown single-cylinder Stirling engine is that the piston rod 30, as in Fig. 1B is shown, is extended so that the linear guide bearing 31 of the single-cylinder Stirling engine of Fig. 1B is no longer disposed between the displacement cylinder 10 and the rotation axis 39, but that the rotation axis 39 is disposed between the displacement cylinder 10 and the linear guide bearing 31.
- the piston rod 30 via an extension 32 connected to the displacement connecting rod 34.
- FIG. 1A and Fig. 1B shown single-cylinder Stirling engine is the four-stroke per revolution of the rotary shaft existing duty cycle of the single-cylinder Stirling engine explained below.
- the in Fig. 2A to 2D exemplified engine is identical to the in Fig. 1B illustrated single-cylinder Stirling engine. For clarity, only some of the Fig. 1B have been omitted and used. Furthermore, in Fig. 2A to 2D from the hinge means 33 to be traversed angular positions designated by the reference numerals 1, 2, 3, 4.
- Fig. 2A to Fig. 2D The work cycle shown assumes that the Rotary shaft rotates counterclockwise and thus the hinge device 33 is moved in a counterclockwise circular path. Consequently, in the first cycle of the cycle due to the coupling of the hinge 33 via the piston rod 30, the displacement piston 11 is moved in the direction of the cold region 13.
- the displacement piston 11 shifts the working gas to the hot region 12, the working gas flowing in the displacement cylinder through a gap provided between the displacement piston and inner walls of the displacement cylinder and / or through openings / holes in the displacement piston.
- the working piston does no work in this power stroke.
- the displaced from the cold region 13 to the hot region 12 working gas is thus heated, resulting in an increase in pressure of the working gas, which is received within the displacement cylinder and connected thereto via a gas line working cylinder.
- the working piston 21 is pressed in the direction of top dead center due to the explained with reference to the first clock pressure increase of the working gas, doing work.
- the translational movement of the working piston is converted into rotational energy via the movement-converting device, so that the rotating shaft rotates about the axis of rotation 39 due to the work performed by the piston.
- the displacement piston is at the in Fig. 2B shown second cycle of the cycle moves from the angular position 2 to the angular position 3, so that the displacement piston is moved close to the cold region 13 and thus continues the displacement of the working gas to the hot area 12.
- From the DE 490 930 A is a trained as a hot air engine high-temperature double-cylinder Stirling engine known, wherein the displacer of juxtaposed displacer cylinder are connected to each other via an articulated rocker.
- the DE 37 23 950 A1 describes a high temperature Stirling engine with complex displacement piston coupling.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an efficient Stirling engine with more than one cylinder, which advantageously reduces or prevents the multiplication of the above-mentioned friction losses and unnecessarily moved masses. Furthermore, a provided with the Stirling engine according to the invention electric power generation system is to be provided.
- the object of the following invention is achieved by a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to claim 1 and / or an electric power generation system according to claim 18.
- mirror symmetry is meant that the two displacement cylinders are arranged opposite one another such that the cold regions of the displacement cylinders are arranged adjacent to one another and between the hot regions of the displacement cylinders.
- the hot regions of the displacement cylinders can be arranged adjacent to one another and between the cold regions of the displacement cylinders.
- the displacer cylinders can also share a common cold or hot area (common cold or common hot area).
- displacement cylinder and in particular displacement piston arranged in opposite directions in the sense of the piston assembly of a boxer engine or aligned.
- hot region and cold region indicate that a higher temperature is applied to the hot region of a displacement cylinder than to the cold region of the displacement cylinder or thermal energy is applied to the hot region, while thermal energy is dissipated at the cold region.
- the multi-cylinder Stirling engine is a so-called plate Stirling engine for low temperature applications.
- a hot or cold plate is understood to mean a planar component which has a smaller thickness than length and width extension.
- at least the area facing the associated piston side is at least approximately flat.
- An essential feature of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention is that the two displacement cylinders arranged opposite to each other relative to the longitudinal extension of the common piston rod extending along the common displacement axis and mechanically by the rigid piston rod movable along the displacement axis are coupled together, so that upon movement of the displacement piston of the first displacement cylinder from the cold region of the displacement cylinder to the hot region of the displacement cylinder at the same time the displacement piston of the second displacement cylinder from the hot region to the cold region, preferably with the same amount of movement is moved.
- Fig. 1B illustrated single-cylinder Stirling engine allows this embodiment of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention the elimination of otherwise double provided the piston rod (see Fig. 1B Piston rod 30), and thus the elimination of the unnecessarily moved mass, and also the complete omission of the Fig. 1B known linear guide bearing 31 and the associated friction losses during a movement of the piston rods.
- the rigid piston rod according to the invention thanks to the rigid piston rod according to the invention, the complexity of a coupling device for mechanically coupling the movement of the piston rod and the rotational movement of the Rotary shaft and the associated moving masses and friction losses can be reduced.
- an essential feature of the present invention is that the working cylinders, which are associated with the two displacement cylinders, are formed in a particularly advantageous manner.
- a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention namely a displacement associated with both cylinders a common cylinder.
- the movement-changing device can be configured particularly efficiently, since only the translational movement of a single working piston has to be converted into a rotational movement of the rotating shaft.
- the friction losses and moving masses occurring in the movement-changing device can be significantly reduced.
- This embodiment according to the invention is also particularly advantageous because only friction losses and moving masses of a single working piston and not of two working pistons are reduced in efficiency.
- a separate power cylinder is provided for each displacement cylinder.
- this embodiment of the invention allows realization of thewitsumsetz noticed with reduced friction losses and reduced moving masses, since the kinetic energy generated by the working piston can be applied to a single radially eccentrically spaced on the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft position on the rotary shaft.
- An embodiment is feasible in which the separate cylinders, in particular with respect to a plane receiving the displacement axis, are arranged opposite one another. It is however also alternative an embodiment can be realized with single-acting working cylinder, in which the working cylinders are arranged side by side on a common side of the aforementioned plane, in particular along the displacement axis or perpendicular to this side by side.
- both of the abovementioned alternatives of the essential features of the invention have the advantage that a working piston performs work in each cycle, so that a flywheel mounted on the rotary shaft can be omitted for overcoming or passing through the dead centers of the working piston, in particular if at least two the double-cylinder Stirling engines driving a common rotary shaft are used for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention.
- each of the displacement cylinders has a hot plate having a hot plate and a cold plate having a cold plate can be realized in two different ways.
- each displacement cylinder has its own hot plate and its own cold plate, wherein all plates are spaced along the displacement axis, so that in total in the double-cylinder Stirling engine four plates are provided, two hot plates and two cold plates to form two hot and two cold areas.
- part of the invention is an implementation in which the hot areas of the twin-cylinder Stirling engine or alternatively the cold areas are formed by a common, either hot or cold area, in particular a common hot or cold plate, the opposing directions of their heating or cooling effect, wherein the common hot or cold region of the extending along the displacement axis rigid piston rod is interspersed.
- the previously described Construction in which, although each displacement cylinder has a hot area and a cold area or a cold plate, the two hot areas or alternatively the two cold areas of a common hot or alternatively cold area (ie not two formed over an air gap separated areas), has considerable advantages in terms of space minimization.
- the movement conversion device is preferably not located between the displacement cylinders, but adjacent to these along the longitudinal extent of the common displacement axis.
- the coupling device comprises a connecting rod, which mechanically couples the piston rod with a hinge device mounted radially eccentrically on the rotary shaft, which can be in particular a crank.
- the movement conversion device comprises a connecting rod, which has the common working piston with a hinge device mounted radially eccentrically on the rotary shaft, in particular a crank can be mechanically coupled.
- the motion conversion device may comprise two connecting rods, each of which mechanically couple a different one of the two working pistons with a hinge device mounted radially eccentrically on the rotary shaft, which may in particular be a crank.
- the same hinge device is in this case in particular a crank. Due to the use of a single hinge device for common use for the coupling device and the motion conversion device, the friction losses and the moved masses can be further reduced. This enables a particularly efficient double cylinder Stirling engine.
- the displacement axis and the working axis are aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft.
- the double-cylinder Stirling engine is designed for use of helium as the working gas or is equipped with helium as the working gas.
- each displacement cylinder is designed with a working gas passage such that to implement the Stirling principle in one of the four power strokes described above, the received in the interior of the displacement cylinder working gas from the side of the hot area to the side of the cold Area, through the displacement piston and / or past it, and in the reverse direction can flow.
- the working gas passage through a displacement piston provided with passages from the hot region to the cold region, providing a gap between the displacement piston and the inner wall of the displacement cylinder, a working gas bypass line for deflecting a in the space between the hot region and the Displacement piston absorbed amount of working gas around the displacement piston, so on the other side of the displacement piston, the space between the displacement piston and the cold area and in the reverse direction, or be realized by any combination thereof.
- the gap mentioned in the description of the embodiments between the displacement piston of a displacement cylinder and the inner walls of this displacement cylinder shown by way of example in the figures as gap 17, 17A, 17B, exemplifies one of these ways of realizing the working gas passage.
- a gap is provided as the working gas passage, it can be chosen to be arbitrarily small, provided that the gap allows flow of the working gas and movement of the displacement piston along the displacement axis.
- At least one of the displacement piston is designed as a regenerator in that the displacement piston is provided with passages for the working gas, which are filled with a regenerator material, preferably steel wool.
- the common working cylinder has two gas chambers spatially separated by the working piston for receiving the working gas, each gas-conducting with a gas space for receiving the working gas of a different one of the displacement cylinder are connected.
- the overpressure prevailing at one time on one side of the working piston can be coupled in a particularly advantageous manner to a negative pressure prevailing on the other side, so that the conversion of the thermal energy into mechanical energy can take place particularly efficiently.
- a gas space of the first displacement cylinder is gas-conductively connected to a gas space of the associated first working cylinder, and separately a gas space of the second displacement cylinder is gas-conductively connected to a gas space of the second working cylinder assigned thereto.
- gas-conducting connection (referred to in the figures as gas line with reference numerals 18, 18A and 18B, respectively) between gas spaces can also be realized for both alternatives in that the gas chambers directly adjacent to each other gas-conducting, without an additionally provided line section is provided between them.
- the twin cylinder Stirling engine is designed as an ultra-low temperature Stirling engine and then also capable of generating rotational energy when the temperature of the hot region from a temperature range between 80 ° C and 140 ° C and / or below of 120 ° C, especially 100 ° C.
- the object of the present invention is also achieved by a multi-cylinder Stirling engine composed of a plurality of n, where n is at least two, of the above-described twin-cylinder Stirling engines.
- the respective rotary shafts of the individual double-cylinder Stirling engines of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine forming plurality are formed by a RescueJwelle.
- the total rotational shaft may be formed in one piece or may also be formed in several pieces, provided that the plurality of sections are mechanically interconnected.
- the respective displacements of the displacement pistons of mutually adjacent ones of the plurality of double-cylinder Stirling engines are respectively 1 / n, that is, the reciprocal of the number of double-cylinder Stirling engines. which form the multi-cylinder Stirling engine, the stroke of the displacement piston offset from each other or have a clock offset of 180 / n. Degree with respect to the movement of the displacement piston to each other. This allows a particularly uniform operation of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine and thus a particularly efficient operation of the engine can be achieved.
- the multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention can thus be designed as a four-cylinder Stirling engine, six-cylinder Stirling engine, eight-cylinder Stirling engine, ten-cylinder Stirling engine, etc.
- the multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the present invention may be further configured such that the joint means of mutually adjacent ones of the plurality of double-cylinder Stirling engines on the total rotating shaft, which may be formed as explained above, are mounted 180 / n degrees to each other and the rotation axis the total rotational shaft are mounted radially, in particular at an identical distance, spaced.
- This arrangement and design of the hinge devices, the friction losses and the moving masses can be reduced, and also a particularly uniform engine operation is possible.
- this is designed as a four-cylinder Stirling engine by a mechanically coupled arrangement of two of the above-described two-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention.
- the hinge means of the two double-cylinder Stirling engines are mounted on the total rotation shaft offset by 90 degrees from each other and are of the axis of rotation of the total rotational shaft radially, in particular with an identical distance attached.
- the four-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention provides a very good compromise between the number of cylinders used, the cost of materials and the smooth operation of the Stirling engine.
- the multi-cylinder Stirling engine is designed as a plate Stirling engine, wherein preferably a plurality of spatially adjacent hot areas (12A, 12C, 12B, 12D) is preferably formed as a continuous hot plate and / or a plurality of spatially adjacent cold areas ( 13A, 13C, 13B, 13D) is preferably formed as a continuous cold plate.
- the multi-cylinder Stirling engine and in particular the overall rotational shaft is designed flywheel-free, so that the moving masses are reduced to a minimum.
- an embodiment of the twin cylinder Stirling engine is particularly preferred in which the two positive displacement cylinders of the twin cylinder Stirling engine share a hot region or cold region, i. have a common hot or cold area.
- Such an embodiment of a double-cylinder Stirling engine or at least two, preferably more than two such double-cylinder Sirling engines are combined in a further development of the invention to a (more than two-cylinder) multi-cylinder Stirling engine. There are different possibilities for this.
- the double-cylinder Stirling engines coupled in this way are assigned a common motion conversion device which, if required, can be arranged in a region between the double-cylinder Stirling engines coupled via the common piston rod.
- the double-cylinder Stirling engines coupled in the manner described above have a common, double-acting working cylinder to which the common movement-converting device is preferably assigned.
- Double-cylinder Stirling engines are arranged so that they directly adjacent to each other, such that they share a hot area or a cold area. It is also possible to arrange more than two double-cylinder Stirling engines in this way in series next to each other, wherein preferably each adjacent double-cylinder Stirling engines have a common hot - or alternatively cold area. All the pistons of the double-cylinder Stirling engines arranged in this way are connected to one another via a common rigid piston rod extending in the direction of the common displacement axis and thus move back and forth in a uniform manner.
- the present invention provides an electric power generation system comprising a multi-cylinder Stirling engine and an electric generator coupled to the rotary shaft of the Stirling engine for converting the rotational energy of the shaft of the Stirling engine into electrical energy.
- an electric power generation system comprising a multi-cylinder Stirling engine and an electric generator coupled to the rotary shaft of the Stirling engine for converting the rotational energy of the shaft of the Stirling engine into electrical energy.
- FIG. 3 an exemplary embodiment of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a non-inventive multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the first alternative is shown.
- Fig. 3 denote the same or similar reference numerals already used to explain the Fig. 1 have been used, the same or similar components as in Fig. 1 ,
- Double cylinder Stirling engine shown comprises two displacement cylinders 10A and 10B.
- the displacement cylinder 10A has a hot region 12A, a cold region 13A and a displacement piston 11A movable between these regions 12A and 13A along a common displacement axis 41.
- the displacement pistons 11A and 11B are coupled together by a rigid piston rod 40 movable along the displacement axis 41.
- the displacement cylinders 10A, 10B are in mirror image, with respect to an imaginary mirror plane, which is penetrated perpendicularly by the displacement piston 11A and the displacement axis 41.
- the piston rod 40 is movably supported by two bearings 29A and 29B and sealed to the gas space 15A and 15B, respectively, so as to be impervious to gas.
- the common working cylinder 20 is provided with a working piston 21 which is movable along a working axis 25, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown provided according to the first alternative of the invention.
- a linear or translational movement of the working piston 21 is transmitted via a working piston rod 22 to a working piston connecting rod 23 connected thereto, which is rotatably connected at its other end to a hinge device 33 which is mounted radially eccentrically on a crank wheel 37.
- the crank wheel 37 is mechanically connected to the rotary shaft of the double cylinder Stirling engine.
- the piston rod 40 is provided with a radially projecting projection 32 from this, at the radially projecting end of a connecting rod 34 is rotatably mounted.
- the other end of the connecting rod 34 is rotatably attached to the hinge 33.
- the movement-converting device is embodied by the working piston rod 22, in particular the connecting rod 23 rotatably mounted thereon and the articulation device 33.
- the twin-cylinder Stirling engine especially when grouping at least two double cylinders, only with a crank wheel 37 but not with a flywheel (for comparison, see Reference numeral 38 in FIG Fig. 1 ) Mistake.
- the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft is designated by the reference numeral 39.
- the common working cylinder 20 has two gas chambers 24A and 24B spatially separated by the working piston 21.
- the gas space 24A of the working cylinder 20 is gas-conductively connected to a gas space 15A of the first displacement cylinder 10A through a gas conduit 18A, which together span an outwardly closed space in which a working gas quantity associated with the first displacement cylinder 10A is inevitably trapped outwardly.
- the second gas space 24B of the working cylinder 20 is connected via a gas line 18B to a gas space 15B of the second displacement cylinder 10B. In the second gas space 24B of the working piston 21, the second gas line 18B and the second gas space 15B of the second displacement cylinder 10B, a second working gas amount is inevitably enclosed to the outside.
- the connecting rod 34 and the connecting rod 23 are rotatably mounted on the same radially eccentrically mounted on the rotary shaft hinge device 33.
- the displacement axis 41 and the working axis 25 are aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation 39 of the rotary shaft.
- gaps 17A and 17B represent the aforementioned working gas passage, have been shown as columns for simplicity of illustration only, and may generally provide, as previously mentioned, a displacement piston provided with passages from the hot area to the cold area a gap between the displacement piston and the inner wall of the displacement cylinder, a working gas bypass line for diverting a received in the space between the hot region and the displacement piston working gas around the displacement piston around, so on the other side of the displacement piston, to the space between the Displacement piston and the cold area and in the reverse direction, or be realized by any combination thereof.
- the respective displacement piston is provided with passages and regenerator (preferably the passages are filled with a material, preferably steel wool, filled), so that the majority of the displaced working gas through the displacement piston passes through to the other side of the displacement piston and only one, preferably by at least an order of magnitude, smaller part of the displaced working gas through the gap reaches the other side of the displacement piston.
- passages and regenerator preferably the passages are filled with a material, preferably steel wool, filled
- Fig. 4 is an embodiment of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a non-inventive multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the second alternative illustrated. Regarding the explanation of Fig. 4 is used to avoid a redundant explanation only on the Fig. 3 different characteristics of the Fig. 4 received.
- a dual-cylinder Stirling engine exemplifies two spatially separated power cylinders 20A and 20B.
- a first working piston 21A is movable along the working axis 25.
- the working piston 21A is connected via a working piston rod 22A with a connecting rod 23A, which in turn is rotatably mounted on a hinge 33.
- the second working cylinder 20B comprises a second working piston 21B, which is rotatably connected via a working piston rod 22B to a connecting rod 23B, which in turn is rotatably connected to the articulation device 33.
- the hinge device 33 is designed as a crank and mounted radially eccentrically on a crank wheel 37 which is mechanically connected to the rotatable about the rotation axis 39 rotary shaft.
- Fig. 5 exemplifies a four-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention, which is composed of two double-cylinder Stirling engines for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention.
- Fig. 5 that already refer to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 explained reference numerals the same or similar components, so that to avoid redundant explanation in the following only essential differences or developments of the embodiment compared to the embodiments described above are to be explained.
- the in Fig. 5 The four-cylinder Stirling engine shown comprises a piston rod 40AB (along a first displacement axis 41AB), at each end of which a displacement piston 11A, 11B is mounted, and a piston rod 40CD (along a second displacement axis 41CD), at each of whose ends a displacement piston 11C or 11D is attached.
- the displacement of the displacement piston 11A is offset at any one time by half the stroke of the displacement piston 11A relative to the displacement of the displacement piston 11C. The same applies to the displacements with respect to the displacement piston 11B and 11D.
- a hot region 12A of the first displacement cylinder 10A and a hot region 12C of the displacement cylinder 10C spatially adjacent to the first extension cylinder 10A are preferably formed as a continuous hot plate, as well as the hot regions 12B and 12D are preferably formed as a continuous hot plate.
- a respective crank wheel 37AB or 37CD is fixed centrally.
- a joint device 33AB whose movement is coupled via a connecting rod 34AB to the piston rod 40AB.
- the invention provides various embodiments with respect to the number and arrangement of the working cylinder.
- a common working cylinder may be provided, or for each of these displacement cylinders, a separate working cylinder may be provided.
- the invention also includes a four-cylinder Stirling engine in which for two displacement cylinders of a double cylinder arrangement a common working cylinder and for the two other displacement cylinder each have a separate working cylinder is provided.
- the four-cylinder Stirling engine with two common working cylinders they are preferably arranged in the same or opposite direction to each other.
- the power pistons of the four-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention are arranged and mechanically coupled to the displacement piston, that constantly performs at least one of the working piston during operation of the four-cylinder Stirling engine. Therefore, the four-cylinder Stirling engine does not require a flywheel.
- the displacement axes 41AB and 41CD, along which the piston rods 40AB and 40CD are deflectable, are aligned parallel to each other and perpendicular to the rotation axis 39 of the overall rotation shaft 36.
- the displacement pistons are preferably movable along horizontally oriented displacement axes and / or the working pistons are preferably movable along vertically aligned working axes.
- the orientation of the displacement cylinder and / or working cylinder on which this preferred embodiment is based also applies according to the invention to Stirling engines, which are composed of more than two of the double-cylinder Stirling engines according to the invention.
- the multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention is designed as a radial engine so that at least two pairs of mutually mirror-symmetrically opposed displacement cylinders, ie at least two double cylinders, about a circumferential direction, preferably vertically extending, total rotational shaft to each other, preferably at a same angle, are arranged offset.
- Training as a radial engine allows a particularly advantageous arrangement of the total rotational shaft and the moving piston of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine, since thus the effects of the weight of the moving parts of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine can be reduced.
- FIG. 6 shown embodiment of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine not according to the invention substantially corresponds to the embodiment according to Fig. 3 , It can be seen that the two displacement cylinders 10A, 10B supply a common double-acting working cylinder 20 or are connected to it via gas lines 18A, 18B.
- Each of the displacement cylinders 10A, 10B has its own hot area 12A, 12B and its own cold area 13A, 13B.
- the heating or plate portions indicated by reference numerals 12A, 12B form a common hot region, which may be formed by two fixed hot plates or a common hot plate. It is essential that the common hot area supplies heat to both displacement cylinders 10A, 10B. It can be seen that the common hot Interspersed area is of the two displacement piston 11 A, 11 B firmly interconnecting common piston rod 40.
- the motion conversion device adjacent to both displacement cylinders 10A, 10B and not between them.
- a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a non-inventive multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to Fig. 7 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to Fig. 4 , To recognize here are two single-acting working cylinder, which are each gas-conductively connected via a gas line 18A and 18B with one of the displacement cylinder 10A, 10B. In contrast to the embodiment according to Fig.
- the working cylinders are not arranged opposite one another relative to the displacement axis 41, they are located on the same side of the displacement axis 41 or a plane receiving same, which also extends perpendicular to a mirror plane to which the displacement cylinders 10A, 10B are arranged mirror-symmetrically ,
- the working cylinders 20A, 20B are located next to each other along the displacement axis 41 and are arranged concurrently along parallel, immediately adjacent working axes 25A, 25B.
- FIG. 12 shows two double-cylinder Stirling engines interconnected by a common rigid piston rod 40, each constructed as in FIG Fig. 6 shown.
- the motion conversion device is located between the coupled twin Stirling engines, but may alternatively be laterally offset from both.
- the twin-cylinder Stirling engines are characterized in that they each share a common hot area - alternatively it is possible for both to share a cold area.
- a significant advantage in the multi-cylinder Stirling engine shown is that all displacement cylinders 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D share a common, double-acting working cylinder 20 - in concrete terms, the displacement cylinders 10A, 10D oriented in the same direction via a respective gas line 18A, 18D connected to a common gas space 24A and the other two displacement cylinders 10b and 10c via a respective gas line 18B, 18C with the opposite common gas space 24B of the common working cylinder 20.
- the embodiment shown is alternatively also with separate, single-acting working cylinders 20 realized .
- the shown multi-cylinder Stirling engine is scalable, in particular analogous to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Fig. 5 in that in each case two or more double-cylinder Stirling engines coupled via a respective common piston rod are arranged alongside one another along the (common) rotational axis 39 and drive the common axis of rotation 39.
- Fig. 9 an alternative embodiment according to the invention of a multi-cylinder Stirling engine is shown, which is exemplified here as a four-cylinder Stirling engine, but in principle is arbitrarily expandable to other double-cylinder Stirling engines.
- the two double-cylinder Stirling engines arranged along the common piston rod 40 have a common cold region 13B, 13C.
- the dual cylinder Stirling engines each have a common hot region 12A, 12B, 12C, and 12D, respectively.
- the two common hot areas and the common cold area of the double-cylinder Stirling engines is penetrated by the common piston rod 40, which in turn rigidly connects all of the displacement pistons 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D.
- All twin-cylinder Stirling engines are a common (double-acting) power cylinder Assigned 20, which can also be used here alternatively with separate, each single acting working cylinders.
- the movement conversion device is not located between the coupled double-cylinder Stirling engines but laterally adjacent to these, connected via the common piston rod 40.
- the in Fig. 9 shown construction of a multi-cylinder Stirling engine is scalable, analogous to the embodiments according to the Fig. 7 and 8th described.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor gemäß Anspruch 1 mit mindestens zwei, jeweils einen gemeinsamen heißen Bereich oder einen gemeinsamen kalten Bereich aufweisenden, Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren jeweils mit einem Paar voneinander gegenüberliegenden Verdrängungszylindern und mindestens einem Arbeitszylinder. Mit dem Begriff des Doppelzylinders wird in der vorliegenden Anmeldung durchweg die Bereitstellung von zwei gegenüberliegenden Verdrängungszylindern mit je einem Verdrängungskolben für einen Motor nach dem Stirling-Prinzip verwendet, wobei die Verdrängungskolben der Verdrängungszylinder durch eine starre Kolbenstange mechanisch gekoppelt sind.The invention relates to a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to claim 1 having at least two, each having a common hot area or a common cold area, double cylinder Stirling engines each with a pair of mutually opposed displacement cylinders and at least one working cylinder. The term double cylinder in the present application throughout the provision of two opposed displacement cylinders, each with a displacement piston for a motor according to the Stirling principle used, wherein the displacement piston of the displacement cylinder are mechanically coupled by a rigid piston rod.
Der Einsatz eines Stirling-Motors, auch Heißgasmotor genannt, wird heutzutage als ein geeigneter Weg zur besonders effizienten Realisierung einer Wärme-Kraft-Kopplung angesehen. Grundsätzlich basiert das Prinzip des Stirling-Motors darauf, dass dem Motor von außen Wärme zugeführt wird, um ein in dem Stirling-Motor dauerhaft aufgenommenes Arbeitsgas zu erwärmen. Genauer genommen hat der Stirling-Motor zwei unterschiedliche Temperaturzonen, nämlich einen so genannten heißen Bereich und einen so genannten kalten Bereich, die sich gegenüberliegend zueinander in einem Verdrängungszylinder des Stirling-Motors befinden. Der heiße Bereich und der kalte Bereich erwärmen bzw. kühlen das in dem Verdrängungszylinder eingeschlossene Arbeitsgas, das zwischen diesen Bereichen abwechselnd hin- und herbewegt und damit abwechselnd erhitzt und abgekühlt wird. Mit den Temperaturunterschieden des Arbeitsgases geht eine unterschiedliche Ausdehnung des Arbeitsgases und somit eine Druckwelle einher, die einen in dem Arbeitszylinder aufgenommenen Arbeitskolben translatorisch bewegt. Die gemäß dem Stirling-Prinzip erzeugte translatorische Bewegung wird anschließend vorteilhaft in Rotationsenergie umgesetzt.The use of a Stirling engine, also called a hot gas engine, is nowadays regarded as a suitable way for the particularly efficient realization of a heat-power coupling. Basically, the principle of the Stirling engine is based on the fact that heat is supplied to the engine from the outside in order to heat a working gas permanently taken up in the Stirling engine. More specifically, the Stirling engine has two different temperature zones, a so-called hot zone and a so-called cold zone, which are located opposite one another in a displacement cylinder of the Stirling engine. The hot region and the cold region heat and cool the working gas trapped in the displacement cylinder, which alternately reciprocates between these regions and is thus alternately heated and cooled. With the temperature differences of the working gas, a different expansion of the working gas and thus a pressure wave is accompanied, which translates a recorded in the working cylinder working piston. The according to the Stirling principle generated translational motion is then advantageously converted into rotational energy.
Zur besseren Verdeutlichung der Wirkungsweise eines Motors nach dem Stirling-Prinzip und insbesondere zum Aufzeigen der Probleme, die bei der Realisierung eines derartigen Motors entstehen und durch die vorliegende Erfindung gelöst werden sollen, wird im Folgenden der grundsätzliche Aufbau und der Arbeitszyklus eines Stirling-Motors am Beispiel eines Einzylinder-Stirling-Motors erläutert.To better illustrate the operation of an engine according to the Stirling principle and in particular for pointing out the problems that arise in the realization of such an engine and are to be solved by the present invention, the basic structure and the working cycle of a Stirling engine am Example of a single-cylinder Stirling engine explained.
Der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Einzylinder-Stirling-Motor ist beispielhaft in
Der Verdrängungskolben 11 ist mit der Kolbenstange 30 gekoppelt, die von einem Linear-Führungslager 31 entlang der Verdrängungsachse 41 bewegbar gehalten wird, das zwischen dem Verdrängungszylinder 10 und der Drehachse 39 angeordnet ist. Die Kolbenstange 30 ist mit einem Verdrängungspleuel 34 verbunden, das wiederum mit der Gelenkeinrichtung 33 mechanisch verbunden ist, so dass diese Komponenten als Kopplungseinrichtung zum mechanischen Koppeln einer Bewegung der Kolbenstange 30 entlang der Verdrängungsachse 41 und der Drehbewegung der Drehwelle ausgelegt sind.The
Um zu der beanspruchten Erfindung zu gelangen, hat der Erfinder den aus seiner Sicht als Stand der Technik bekannten und in
Zum besseren Verständnis der Arbeitsweise des in
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Allgemein ist es für den Einsatz von Stirling-Motoren im Kontext einer Wärme-Kraft-Kopplung besonders wichtig, dass diese effizient und sowohl mit niedrigen Temperaturen als auch mit einer niedrigen Differenz zwischen der an dem heißen Bereich vorherrschenden Temperatur und der an dem kalten Bereich vorherrschenden Temperatur betrieben werden können.In general, it is particularly important for the use of Stirling engines in the context of combined heat and power to be efficient, both at low temperatures and with a low difference between the temperature prevailing at the hot region and that prevailing at the cold region Temperature can be operated.
Dem effizienten Einsatz des oben geschilderten Einzylinder-Stirling-Motors steht vor allen Dingen entgegen, dass dieser nur in zwei der vier Arbeitstakte eines Arbeitszyklus über seinen Arbeitskolben Arbeit verrichtet, und in den anderen zwei Takten der Arbeitskolben über den unteren bzw. oberen Totpunkt mit Hilfe der in dem Schwungrad gespeicherten Energie bewegt werden muss. Bei einer Anordnung mehrerer der oben geschilderten Einzylinder-Stirling-Motoren, die mit einem relativen Taktversatz zueinander betrieben werden, kann erreicht werden, dass zu jedem Zeitpunkt mindestens einer der Arbeitskolben Arbeit verrichtet, so dass kein Schwungrad zur Bewegung eines Arbeitskolbens durch eine Totpunkt erforderlich ist. Dieser Vorteil trifft besonders für Motoren mit vier oder mehr Zylindern zu.The efficient use of the above-mentioned single-cylinder Stirling engine stands against all things that this performs work only in two of the four cycles of a duty cycle on his working piston, and in the other two cycles of the working piston on the bottom or top dead center with the help the stored in the flywheel Energy has to be moved. In an arrangement of several of the above-described single-cylinder Stirling engines, which are operated with a relative clock offset from each other, it can be achieved that performed at any time at least one of the working piston work, so that no flywheel for moving a working piston is required by a dead center , This advantage is especially true for engines with four or more cylinders.
Bei einer gekoppelten Anordnung mehrfacher Einzylinder-Stirling-Motoren gemäß dem oben dargestellten Typ vervielfachen sich aber auch die Reibungsverluste und die bewegten Massen entsprechend der bereitgestellten Zylinderanzahl. Diese Nachteile stehen der Entwicklung eines hocheffizienten Stirling-Motors mit einem Einsatzgebiet niedriger Temperaturen und niedriger Temperaturdifferenzen im Weg.In a coupled arrangement of multiple single-cylinder Stirling engines according to the type shown above but also multiply the friction losses and the moving masses according to the number of cylinders provided. These disadvantages are the development of a highly efficient Stirling engine with a field of application of low temperatures and low temperature differences in the way.
Aus der
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Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht folglich darin, einen effizienten Stirling-Motor mit mehr als einem Zylinder bereitzustellen, der auf vorteilhafte Weise die Vervielfachung der oben erwähnten Reibungsverluste und unnötig bewegten Massen reduziert bzw. verhindert. Ferner soll ein mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stirling-Motor versehenes Elektroenergie-Erzeugungssystem bereitgestellt werden.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an efficient Stirling engine with more than one cylinder, which advantageously reduces or prevents the multiplication of the above-mentioned friction losses and unnecessarily moved masses. Furthermore, a provided with the Stirling engine according to the invention electric power generation system is to be provided.
Die Aufgabe der folgenden Erfindung wird durch einen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor gemäß Anspruch 1 und/oder ein Elektroenergie-Erzeugungssystem gemäß Anspruch 18 gelöst.The object of the following invention is achieved by a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to claim 1 and / or an electric power generation system according to
Mit dem Begriff spiegelsymmetrisch ist dabei gemeint, dass die zwei Verdrängungszylinder derart gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, dass die kalten Bereiche der Verdrängungszylinder zueinander benachbart und zwischen den heißen Bereichen der Verdrängungszylinder angeordnet sind. Alternativ können auch die heißen Bereiche der Verdrängungszylinder zueinander benachbart und zwischen den kalten Bereichen der Verdrängungszylinder angeordnet sein. Wie später noch erläutert werden wird können sich die Verdrängerzylinder auch einen gemeinsamen kalten oder heißen Bereich teilen (gemeinsamer kalter bzw. gemeinsamer heißer Bereich).By the term mirror symmetry is meant that the two displacement cylinders are arranged opposite one another such that the cold regions of the displacement cylinders are arranged adjacent to one another and between the hot regions of the displacement cylinders. Alternatively, the hot regions of the displacement cylinders can be arranged adjacent to one another and between the cold regions of the displacement cylinders. As will be explained later, the displacer cylinders can also share a common cold or hot area (common cold or common hot area).
Mit dem Begriff gegenüber ist gemeint, dass die Verdrängungszylinder und insbesondere Verdrängungskolben in aneinander entgegen gesetzte Richtungen im Sinne der Kolbenanordnung eines Boxer-Motors angeordnet bzw. ausgerichtet sind.With the term opposite is meant that the displacement cylinder and in particular displacement piston arranged in opposite directions in the sense of the piston assembly of a boxer engine or aligned.
Die Begriffe des heißen Bereiches und des kalten Bereiches verweisen darauf, dass an dem heißen Bereich eines Verdrängungszylinders eine höhere Temperatur als an dem kalten Bereich des Verdrängungszylinders anliegt bzw. an dem heißen Bereich Wärmeenergie zugeführt wird, während an dem kalten Bereich Wärmeenergie abgeführt wird.The terms hot region and cold region indicate that a higher temperature is applied to the hot region of a displacement cylinder than to the cold region of the displacement cylinder or thermal energy is applied to the hot region, while thermal energy is dissipated at the cold region.
Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich bei dem Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor um einen sogenannten Platten-Stirling-Motor für Niedertemperaturanwendungen. Dieser zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der heiße und der kalte Bereich von jeweils einer heißen bzw. kalten Platte gebildet ist. Unter einer heißen bzw. kalten Platte wird ein flächiges Bauteil verstanden, welches eine geringere Dicken- als Längen- und Breitenerstreckung aufweist. Bevorzugt ist zumindest die dem zugehörigen Kolben zugewandte Flächenseite zumindest näherungsweise eben. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar konvex oder konkav gewölbte Platten mit konvex oder konkav gewölbter, dem jeweiligen Kolben zugewandter Flächenseite zu realisieren, wobei es bevorzugt ist, wenn die Vertiefung bzw. Erhöhung durch die Wölbung eine Tiefe bzw. Höhe von 20% des Radius des zugehörigen Verdrängungszylinders nicht überschreitet.According to the invention, the multi-cylinder Stirling engine is a so-called plate Stirling engine for low temperature applications. This is characterized by the fact that the hot and the cold area of each hot or cold plate is formed. A hot or cold plate is understood to mean a planar component which has a smaller thickness than length and width extension. Preferably, at least the area facing the associated piston side is at least approximately flat. However, it is also conceivable Convex or concave curved plates with convex or concave, the respective piston facing surface side to realize, it is preferred if the depression or increase by the curvature does not exceed a depth or height of 20% of the radius of the associated displacement cylinder.
Ein wesentliches Merkmal eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor ist, dass die zwei Verdrängungszylinder bezogen auf die Längserstreckung der sich entlang der gemeinsamen Verdrängungsachse erstreckenden, gemeinsamen Kolbenstange gegenüberliegend zueinander angeordnet und durch die entlang der Verdrängungsachse bewegbare starre Kolbenstange mechanisch miteinander gekoppelt sind, so dass bei einer Bewegung des Verdrängungskolbens des ersten Verdrängungszylinders von dem kalten Bereich des Verdrängungszylinders zu dem heißen Bereich des Verdrängungszylinders gleichzeitig der Verdrängungskolben des zweiten Verdrängungszylinders von dem heißen Bereich zu dem kalten Bereich, bevorzugt mit dem identischen Bewegungsausmaß, bewegt wird.An essential feature of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention is that the two displacement cylinders arranged opposite to each other relative to the longitudinal extension of the common piston rod extending along the common displacement axis and mechanically by the rigid piston rod movable along the displacement axis are coupled together, so that upon movement of the displacement piston of the first displacement cylinder from the cold region of the displacement cylinder to the hot region of the displacement cylinder at the same time the displacement piston of the second displacement cylinder from the hot region to the cold region, preferably with the same amount of movement is moved.
Im Vergleich zu einer zweifachen Anordnung des in
Ferner ist ein wesentliches Merkmal der vorliegenden Erfindung, dass die Arbeitszylinder, die den zwei Verdrängungszylindern zugeordnet sind, auf besonders vorteilhafte Weise ausgebildet sind. Gemäß einer ersten Alternative eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor ist nämlich beiden Verdrängungszylindern ein gemeinsamer Arbeitszylinder zugeordnet. Durch diesen gemeinsamen, doppelt wirkenden Arbeitszylinder kann die Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung besonders effizient ausgestaltet werden, da nur die translatorische Bewegung eines einzigen Arbeitskolbens in eine rotatorische Bewegung der Drehwelle umgesetzt werden muss. Dadurch können die in der Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung auftretenden Reibungsverluste und bewegten Massen deutlich reduziert werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist diese erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung auch deshalb, weil nur Reibungsverluste und bewegte Massen eines einzigen Arbeitskolbens und nicht von zwei Arbeitskolben effizienzmindernd anfallen.Furthermore, an essential feature of the present invention is that the working cylinders, which are associated with the two displacement cylinders, are formed in a particularly advantageous manner. According to a first alternative of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention namely a displacement associated with both cylinders a common cylinder. By means of this common, double-acting working cylinder, the movement-changing device can be configured particularly efficiently, since only the translational movement of a single working piston has to be converted into a rotational movement of the rotating shaft. As a result, the friction losses and moving masses occurring in the movement-changing device can be significantly reduced. This embodiment according to the invention is also particularly advantageous because only friction losses and moving masses of a single working piston and not of two working pistons are reduced in efficiency.
Gemäß der zweiten Alternative eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor wird für jeden Verdrängungszylinder ein separater Arbeitszylinder bereitgestellt. Besonders in Kombination mit der starren Kolbenstange ermöglicht diese erfindungsgemäße Ausbildungsform eine Realisierung der Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung mit reduzierten Reibungsverlusten und reduzierten bewegten Massen, da die durch die Arbeitskolben erzeugte Bewegungsenergie an einer einzelnen radial exzentrisch an der Drehachse der Drehwelle beabstandeten Position auf die Drehwelle aufgebracht werden kann. Realisierbar ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der die separaten Zylinder, insbesondere bezogen auf eine die Verdrängungsachse aufnehmende Ebene einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Es ist jedoch alternativ auch eine Ausführungsform mit einfach wirkendem Arbeitszylinder realisierbar, bei der die Arbeitszylinder auf einer gemeinsamen Seite der vorgenannten Ebene nebeneinander angeordnet sind, insbesondere entlang der Verdrängerachse oder senkrecht zu dieser nebeneinander.According to the second alternative of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention, a separate power cylinder is provided for each displacement cylinder. Particularly in combination with the rigid piston rod, this embodiment of the invention allows realization of the Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung with reduced friction losses and reduced moving masses, since the kinetic energy generated by the working piston can be applied to a single radially eccentrically spaced on the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft position on the rotary shaft. An embodiment is feasible in which the separate cylinders, in particular with respect to a plane receiving the displacement axis, are arranged opposite one another. It is however also alternative an embodiment can be realized with single-acting working cylinder, in which the working cylinders are arranged side by side on a common side of the aforementioned plane, in particular along the displacement axis or perpendicular to this side by side.
Ferner bieten beide der oben aufgeführten Alternativen der wesentlichen Erfindungsmerkmale den Vorteil, dass in jedem Takt ein Arbeitskolben Arbeit verrichtet, so dass ein an der Drehwelle angebrachtes Schwungrad zur Überwindung bzw. zum Durchlaufen der Totpunkte des bzw. der Arbeitskolben entfallen kann, insbesondere wenn mindestens zwei der eine gemeinsame Drehwelle antreibenden Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor zum Einsatz kommen.Furthermore, both of the abovementioned alternatives of the essential features of the invention have the advantage that a working piston performs work in each cycle, so that a flywheel mounted on the rotary shaft can be omitted for overcoming or passing through the dead centers of the working piston, in particular if at least two the double-cylinder Stirling engines driving a common rotary shaft are used for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention.
Das Merkmal, dass jeder der Verdrängungszylinder einen eine heiße Platte aufweisenden heißen Bereich und einen eine kalte Platte aufweisenden kalten Bereich aufweist lässt sich auf zwei unterschiedliche Arten realisieren. Gemäß einer ersten möglichen Realisierungsform (nicht Teil der Erfindung) hat jeder Verdrängungszylinder eine eigene heiße Platte und eine eigene kalte Platte, wobei sämtliche Platten entlang der Verdrängungsachse voneinander beabstandet sind, so dass insgesamt bei dem Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motor vier Platten vorgesehen sind, nämlich zwei heiße Platten und zwei kalte Platten zur Bildung von zwei heißen und zwei kalten Bereichen. Teil der Erfindung ist jedoch eine Realisierungsform, bei der die heißen Bereiche des Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors oder alternativ die kalten Bereiche von einem gemeinsamen, entweder heißen oder kalten Bereich, insbesondere einer gemeinsamen heißen oder kalten Platte gebildet sind, die ineinander entgegengesetzte Richtung ihre heizende bzw. kühlende Wirkung entfalten, wobei der gemeinsame heiße oder kalte Bereich von der sich entlang der Verdrängungsachse erstreckenden starren Kolbenstange durchsetzt ist. Die zuvor beschriebene Bauweise, bei welcher zwar jeder Verdrängungszylinder einen heißen Bereich bzw. eine heiße Platte und einen kalten Bereich bzw. eine kalte Platte aufweist, die beiden heißen Bereiche oder alternativ die beiden kalten Bereiche jedoch von einem gemeinsamen heißen oder alternativ kalten Bereich (d.h. nicht von zwei über einen Luftspalt getrennten Bereichen) gebildet sind, hat im Hinblick auf eine Bauraumminimierung erhebliche Vorteile. In diesem Fall befindet sich auch die Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung bevorzugt nicht zwischen den Verdrängungszylindern, sondern benachbart zu diesen entlang der Längserstreckung der gemeinsamen Verdrängungsachse. Die zuvor beschriebene Ausführungsform des Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors mit einem gemeinsamem heißen oder einem gemeinsamem kalten Bereich kann sowohl gemäß der ersten Alternative mit einem gemeinsamen Arbeitszylinder als auch gemäß der zweiten Alternative mit separaten Arbeitszylindern realisiert werden.The feature that each of the displacement cylinders has a hot plate having a hot plate and a cold plate having a cold plate can be realized in two different ways. According to a first possible embodiment (not part of the invention) each displacement cylinder has its own hot plate and its own cold plate, wherein all plates are spaced along the displacement axis, so that in total in the double-cylinder Stirling engine four plates are provided, two hot plates and two cold plates to form two hot and two cold areas. However, part of the invention is an implementation in which the hot areas of the twin-cylinder Stirling engine or alternatively the cold areas are formed by a common, either hot or cold area, in particular a common hot or cold plate, the opposing directions of their heating or cooling effect, wherein the common hot or cold region of the extending along the displacement axis rigid piston rod is interspersed. The previously described Construction, in which, although each displacement cylinder has a hot area and a cold area or a cold plate, the two hot areas or alternatively the two cold areas of a common hot or alternatively cold area (ie not two formed over an air gap separated areas), has considerable advantages in terms of space minimization. In this case, the movement conversion device is preferably not located between the displacement cylinders, but adjacent to these along the longitudinal extent of the common displacement axis. The above-described embodiment of the twin-cylinder Stirling engine with a common hot or a common cold zone can be realized both according to the first alternative with a common working cylinder and according to the second alternative with separate working cylinders.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst die Kopplungseinrichtung ein Pleuel, das die Kolbenstange mit einer radial exzentrisch an der Drehwelle angebrachten Gelenkeinrichtung, die insbesondere eine Kurbel sein kann, mechanisch koppelt. Gemäß der oben erwähnten ersten Alternative umfasst gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform die Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung ein Pleuel, das den gemeinsamen Arbeitskolben mit einer radial exzentrisch an der Drehwelle angebrachten Gelenkeinrichtung, die insbesondere eine Kurbel sein kann, mechanisch koppelt. Gemäß der oben erwähnten zweiten Alternative kann gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform die Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung zwei Pleuel umfassen, die jeweils einen unterschiedlichen der beiden Arbeitskolben mit einer radial exzentrisch an der Drehwelle angebrachten Gelenkeinrichtung, die insbesondere eine Kurbel sein kann, mechanisch koppeln. Diese Ausführungsformen ermöglichen eine Realisierung der Kopplungseinrichtung bzw. Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung mit reduzierten Reibungsverlusten und bewegten Massen.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the coupling device comprises a connecting rod, which mechanically couples the piston rod with a hinge device mounted radially eccentrically on the rotary shaft, which can be in particular a crank. According to the above-mentioned first alternative, according to an advantageous embodiment, the movement conversion device comprises a connecting rod, which has the common working piston with a hinge device mounted radially eccentrically on the rotary shaft, in particular a crank can be mechanically coupled. According to the above-mentioned second alternative, according to another embodiment, the motion conversion device may comprise two connecting rods, each of which mechanically couple a different one of the two working pistons with a hinge device mounted radially eccentrically on the rotary shaft, which may in particular be a crank. These embodiments make it possible to realize the coupling device with reduced frictional losses and moving masses.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der zuvor erwähnten Kopplungseinrichtung und/oder Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung sind das Pleuel der Kopplungseinrichtung und für die erste Alternative das Pleuel der Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung bzw. für die zweite Alternative die Pleuel der Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung mit derselben radial exzentrisch an der Drehwelle angebrachten Gelenkeinrichtung zur mechanischen Kopplung verbunden. Dieselbe Gelenkeinrichtung ist hierbei insbesondere eine Kurbel. Aufgrund der Verwendung einer einzigen Gelenkeinrichtung zur gemeinsamen Verwendung für die Kopplungseinrichtung und die Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung können die Reibungsverluste und die bewegten Massen nochmals reduziert werden. Dadurch wird ein besonders effizienter Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motor ermöglicht.According to a development of the aforementioned coupling device and / or movement conversion device, the connecting rod of the coupling device and for the first alternative, the connecting rod of the motion conversion device or for the second alternative, the connecting rod of the motion conversion device with the same radially eccentrically mounted on the rotary shaft hinge device for mechanical coupling. The same hinge device is in this case in particular a crank. Due to the use of a single hinge device for common use for the coupling device and the motion conversion device, the friction losses and the moved masses can be further reduced. This enables a particularly efficient double cylinder Stirling engine.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform
sind die Verdrängungsachse und die Arbeitsachse zu der Drehachse der Drehwelle senkrecht ausgerichtet. Dies ermöglicht eine besonders effiziente Realisierung der Kopplungseinrichtung und der Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung, so dass unnötig bewegte Massen entfallen.According to a further advantageous embodiment
the displacement axis and the working axis are aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft. This allows a particularly efficient implementation of the coupling device and the movement conversion device, so that unnecessarily moved masses are eliminated.
Gemäß noch einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motor für einen Einsatz von Helium als das Arbeitsgas ausgebildet bzw. ist mit Helium als das Arbeitsgas ausgestattet.According to yet another advantageous embodiment, the double-cylinder Stirling engine is designed for use of helium as the working gas or is equipped with helium as the working gas.
In allen Ausführungsformen des beanspruchten Stirling-Motors ist jeder Verdrängungszylinder mit einem Arbeitsgasdurchlass derart ausgestaltet, dass zur Realisierung des Stirling-Prinzips in einem der oben beschriebenen vier Arbeitstakte das in dem Inneren des Verdrängungszylinders aufgenommene Arbeitsgas von der Seite des heißen Bereichs zu der Seite des kalten Bereichs, durch den Verdrängungskolben hindurch und/oder an diesem vorbei, und in umgekehrter Richtung strömen kann. Dazu kann der Arbeitsgasdurchlass durch einen mit Durchlässen von dem heißen Bereich zu dem kalten Bereich versehenen Verdrängungskolben, eine Bereitstellung eines Spaltes zwischen dem Verdrängungskolben und der Innenwand des Verdrängungszylinders, eine Arbeitsgas-Bypass-Leitung zum Umlenken einer in dem Raum zwischen dem heißen Bereich und dem Verdrängungskolben aufgenommenen Arbeitgasmenge um den Verdrängungskolben herum, also auf die andere Seite des Verdrängungskolbens, zu dem Raum zwischen dem Verdrängungskolben und dem kalten Bereich und in umgekehrter Richtung, oder durch eine beliebige Kombination davon realisiert sein. Der in der Beschreibung der Ausführungsformen erwähnte Spalt zwischen dem Verdrängungskolben eines Verdrängungszylinders und den Innenwänden dieses Verdrängungszylinders, beispielhaft in den Figuren als Spalt 17, 17A, 17B dargestellt, steht beispielhaft für eine dieser Realisierungsmöglichkeiten des Arbeitsgasdurchlasses.In all embodiments of the claimed Stirling engine, each displacement cylinder is designed with a working gas passage such that to implement the Stirling principle in one of the four power strokes described above, the received in the interior of the displacement cylinder working gas from the side of the hot area to the side of the cold Area, through the displacement piston and / or past it, and in the reverse direction can flow. For this purpose, the working gas passage through a displacement piston provided with passages from the hot region to the cold region, providing a gap between the displacement piston and the inner wall of the displacement cylinder, a working gas bypass line for deflecting a in the space between the hot region and the Displacement piston absorbed amount of working gas around the displacement piston, so on the other side of the displacement piston, the space between the displacement piston and the cold area and in the reverse direction, or be realized by any combination thereof. The gap mentioned in the description of the embodiments between the displacement piston of a displacement cylinder and the inner walls of this displacement cylinder, shown by way of example in the figures as
Bei Bereitstellung eines Spaltes als Arbeitsgasdurchlass kann dieser beliebig klein gewählt werden, vorausgesetzt dass der Spalt ein Durchströmen des Arbeitsgases und eine Bewegung des Verdrängungskolbens entlang der Verdrängungsachse zulässt.When a gap is provided as the working gas passage, it can be chosen to be arbitrarily small, provided that the gap allows flow of the working gas and movement of the displacement piston along the displacement axis.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist mindestens einer der Verdrängungskolben als Regenerator dadurch ausgebildet, dass der Verdrängungskolben mit Durchlässen für das Arbeitsgas versehen ist, die mit einem Regeneratormaterial, bevorzugt Stahlwolle, verfüllt sind. Durch diese zusätzlichen fakultativen Merkmale eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor kann dessen Effizienz weiter gesteigert werden und außerdem kann die für den effizienten Betrieb erforderliche obere Temperatur und auch die erforderliche Temperaturdifferenz verringert werden. Der Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motor für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor kann aber auch ohne Regenerator ausgebildet sein.In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one of the displacement piston is designed as a regenerator in that the displacement piston is provided with passages for the working gas, which are filled with a regenerator material, preferably steel wool. These additional optional features of a twin cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the present invention further increase its efficiency and also reduce the upper temperature required for efficient operation and also the required temperature differential. The double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention can also be designed without a regenerator.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der ersten Alternative eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor hat der gemeinsame Arbeitszylinder zwei durch den Arbeitskolben räumlich getrennte Gasräume zur Aufnahme des Arbeitsgases, die jeweils gasleitend mit einem Gasraum zur Aufnahme des Arbeitsgases eines unterschiedlichen der Verdrängungszylinder verbunden sind. Dadurch kann besonders vorteilhaft der zu einem Zeitpunkt auf einer Seite des Arbeitskolbens herrschende Überdruck mit einem auf der anderen Seite herrschenden Unterdruck gekoppelt werden, so dass die Umwandlung der Wärmeenergie in mechanische Energie besonders effizient erfolgen kann.According to one embodiment of the first alternative of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention, the common working cylinder has two gas chambers spatially separated by the working piston for receiving the working gas, each gas-conducting with a gas space for receiving the working gas of a different one of the displacement cylinder are connected. As a result, the overpressure prevailing at one time on one side of the working piston can be coupled in a particularly advantageous manner to a negative pressure prevailing on the other side, so that the conversion of the thermal energy into mechanical energy can take place particularly efficiently.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der zweiten Alternative ist ein Gasraum des ersten Verdrängungszylinders gasleitend mit einem Gasraum des zugeordneten ersten Arbeitszylinders verbunden, und separat davon ist ein Gasraum des zweiten Verdrängungszylinders gasleitend mit einem Gasraum des diesem zugeordneten zweiten Arbeitszylinders verbunden.According to a development of the second alternative, a gas space of the first displacement cylinder is gas-conductively connected to a gas space of the associated first working cylinder, and separately a gas space of the second displacement cylinder is gas-conductively connected to a gas space of the second working cylinder assigned thereto.
Die oben erwähnte gasleitende Verbindung (in den Figuren als Gasleitung mit Bezugszeichen 18, 18A bzw. 18B bezeichnet) zwischen Gasräumen kann für beide Alternativen auch dadurch realisiert werden, dass die Gasräume direkt aneinander gasleitend angrenzen, ohne dass zwischen diesen ein zusätzlich bereitgestellter Leitungsabschnitt vorgesehen ist.The above-mentioned gas-conducting connection (referred to in the figures as gas line with
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind der Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motor und insbesondere dessen Drehwelle schwungradfrei ausgestaltet Dies ermöglicht eine besonders vorteilhafte Vermeidung bewegter Massen und reduziert die für eine Betriebsfähigkeit des Stirling-Motors erforderliche obere Temperatur bzw. erforderliche Temperaturdifferenz.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the double-cylinder Stirling engine and in particular its rotary shaft flywheel-free configured This allows a particularly advantageous avoidance of moving masses and reduces the required for operability of the Stirling engine upper temperature or required temperature difference.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung ist der Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motor als Ultra-Niedrigtemperatur-Stirling-Motor ausgebildet und dann auch zur Erzeugung von Rotationsenergie fähig, wenn die Temperatur des heißen Bereichs aus einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 80°C und 140°C und/oder unterhalb von 120°C, insbesondere 100°C liegt.According to another embodiment, the twin cylinder Stirling engine is designed as an ultra-low temperature Stirling engine and then also capable of generating rotational energy when the temperature of the hot region from a temperature range between 80 ° C and 140 ° C and / or below of 120 ° C, especially 100 ° C.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird auch durch einen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor gelöst, der aus einer Mehrzahl von n, wobei n mindestens zwei ist, der zuvor erläuterten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren zusammengesetzt ist.The object of the present invention is also achieved by a multi-cylinder Stirling engine composed of a plurality of n, where n is at least two, of the above-described twin-cylinder Stirling engines.
Bevorzugt ist es, wenn die jeweiligen Drehwellen der einzelnen Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren der den Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor bildenden Mehrzahl durch eine Gesamtdrehwelle ausgebildet sind. Die Gesamtdrehwelle kann einstückig ausgebildet sein oder kann auch mehrstückig ausgebildet sein, vorausgesetzt, dass die mehreren Teilstücke mechanisch miteinander verbunden sind. Ferner sind zu einem Vergleichszeitpunkt die jeweiligen Auslenkungen der Verdrängungskolben zueinander benachbarter der Mehrzahl von Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren jeweils um 1/n, also den Kehrwert der Zahl von Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren, die den Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor bilden, des Hubwegs der Verdrängungskolben zueinander versetzt bzw. haben einen Taktversatz von 180/n. Grad bezüglich der Bewegung der Verdrängungskolben zueinander. Dadurch kann ein besonders gleichmäßiger Betrieb des Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motors und somit ein besonders effizienter Betrieb des Motors erreicht werden.It is preferred if the respective rotary shafts of the individual double-cylinder Stirling engines of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine forming plurality are formed by a Gesamtdrehwelle. The total rotational shaft may be formed in one piece or may also be formed in several pieces, provided that the plurality of sections are mechanically interconnected. Further, at a comparison time, the respective displacements of the displacement pistons of mutually adjacent ones of the plurality of double-cylinder Stirling engines are respectively 1 / n, that is, the reciprocal of the number of double-cylinder Stirling engines. which form the multi-cylinder Stirling engine, the stroke of the displacement piston offset from each other or have a clock offset of 180 / n. Degree with respect to the movement of the displacement piston to each other. This allows a particularly uniform operation of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine and thus a particularly efficient operation of the engine can be achieved.
Der erfindungsgemäße Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor kann folglich als Vierzylinder-Stirling-Motor, Sechszylinder-Stirling-Motor, Achtzylinder-Stirling-Motor, Zehnzylinder-Stirling-Motor, usw. ausgebildet sein.The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention can thus be designed as a four-cylinder Stirling engine, six-cylinder Stirling engine, eight-cylinder Stirling engine, ten-cylinder Stirling engine, etc.
Der erfindungsgemäße Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor kann ferner so ausgebildet sein, dass die Gelenkeinrichtungen zueinander benachbarter der Mehrzahl von Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren an der Gesamtdrehwelle, die wie oben erläutert ausgebildet sein kann, um 180/n Grad zueinander angebracht sind und von der Drehachse der Gesamtdrehwelle radial, insbesondere mit einem identischen Abstand, beabstandet angebracht sind. Durch diese Anordnung und Ausbildung der Gelenkeinrichtungen können die Reibungsverluste und die bewegten Massen reduziert werden, und ferner wird ein besonders gleichmäßiger Motorbetrieb ermöglicht.The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the present invention may be further configured such that the joint means of mutually adjacent ones of the plurality of double-cylinder Stirling engines on the total rotating shaft, which may be formed as explained above, are mounted 180 / n degrees to each other and the rotation axis the total rotational shaft are mounted radially, in particular at an identical distance, spaced. This arrangement and design of the hinge devices, the friction losses and the moving masses can be reduced, and also a particularly uniform engine operation is possible.
Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Realisierung des Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motors ist dieser als Vierzylinder-Stirling-Motor durch eine mechanisch gekoppelte Anordnung von zwei der oben erläuterten erfindungsgemäßen Zweizylinder-Stirling-Motoren ausgebildet. Dabei ist eine Auslenkung der Verdrängungskolben des ersten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors zu einer Auslenkung der Verdrängungskolben des zweiten Doppelzylin-der-Stirling-Motors um einen halben Hubweg der Verdrängungskolben versetzt bzw. hat einen Taktversatz von 90 Grad. Ferner sind die Gelenkeinrichtungen der zwei Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren an der Gesamtdrehwelle um 90 Grad zueinander versetzt angebracht und sind von der Drehachse der Gesamtdrehwelle radial, insbesondere mit einem identischen Abstand, angebracht. Der erfindungsgemäße Vierzylinder-Stirling-Motor stellt einen sehr guten Kompromiss zwischen der Anzahl der verwendeten Zylinder, dem Materialaufwand und dem gleichmäßigen Betrieb bzw. Lauf des Stirling-Motors bereit.According to a particularly advantageous realization of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine this is designed as a four-cylinder Stirling engine by a mechanically coupled arrangement of two of the above-described two-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention. In this case, a deflection of the displacement piston of the first double-cylinder Stirling engine to a deflection of the displacement piston of the second Doppelzylin-der-Stirling engine offset by half a stroke of the displacement piston or has a clock offset of 90 degrees. Further, the hinge means of the two double-cylinder Stirling engines are mounted on the total rotation shaft offset by 90 degrees from each other and are of the axis of rotation of the total rotational shaft radially, in particular with an identical distance attached. The four-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention provides a very good compromise between the number of cylinders used, the cost of materials and the smooth operation of the Stirling engine.
Der Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor ist als Platten-Stirling-Motor ausgebildet, wobei bevorzugt eine Mehrzahl räumlich benachbarter heißer Bereiche (12A, 12C; 12B, 12D) bevorzugt als eine durchgängige heiße Platte ausgebildet ist und/oder eine Mehrzahl räumlich benachbarter kalter Bereiche (13A, 13C; 13B, 13D) bevorzugt als eine durchgängige kalte Platte ausgebildet ist.The multi-cylinder Stirling engine is designed as a plate Stirling engine, wherein preferably a plurality of spatially adjacent hot areas (12A, 12C, 12B, 12D) is preferably formed as a continuous hot plate and / or a plurality of spatially adjacent cold areas ( 13A, 13C, 13B, 13D) is preferably formed as a continuous cold plate.
Gemäß noch einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor und insbesondere dessen Gesamtdrehwelle schwungradfrei ausgestaltet, so dass die bewegten Massen auf ein Minimum reduziert sind.According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine and in particular the overall rotational shaft is designed flywheel-free, so that the moving masses are reduced to a minimum.
Wie eingangs erwähnt ist eine Ausführungsform des Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors besonders bevorzugt, bei welchem sich die beiden Verdrängerzylinder des Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors einen heißen Bereich oder einen kalten Bereich teilen, d.h. einen gemeinsamen heißen oder kalten Bereich aufweisen. Eine solche Ausführungsform eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors bzw. mindestes zwei, vorzugsweise mehr als zwei solcher Doppelzylinder-Sirling-Motoren werden in Weiterbildung der Erfindung zu einem (Mehr- als -zwei-Zylinder) Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor kombiniert. Hierzu gibt es wiederum unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten.As mentioned earlier, an embodiment of the twin cylinder Stirling engine is particularly preferred in which the two positive displacement cylinders of the twin cylinder Stirling engine share a hot region or cold region, i. have a common hot or cold area. Such an embodiment of a double-cylinder Stirling engine or at least two, preferably more than two such double-cylinder Sirling engines are combined in a further development of the invention to a (more than two-cylinder) multi-cylinder Stirling engine. There are different possibilities for this.
So ist es beispielsweise möglich zwei solcher, jeweils einen gemeinsamen heißen oder einen gemeinsamen kalten Bereich aufweisende Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren entlang der Längserstreckung der Verdrängerachse anzuordnen und den (sämtliche) Kolben dieser beiden Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren eine gemeinsame Verdrängungsachse und eine gemeinsame starre Kolbenstange zuzuordnen. Bevorzugt ist den auf diese Weise gekoppelten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren eine gemeinsame Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung zugeordnet, die bei Bedarf, in einem Bereich zwischen den über die gemeinsame Kolbenstange gekoppelten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren angeordnet sein kann. Besonders bevorzugt ist es nun, wenn die auf die zuvor beschriebene Weise gekoppelten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren einen gemeinsamen, doppelt wirkenden Arbeitszylinder aufweisen, dem bevorzugt die gemeinsame Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung zugeordnet ist. Alternativ ist es möglich, zwei separate Arbeitszylinder vorzusehen, wobei bevorzugt jeder dieser Arbeitszylinder an beide, wie zuvor beschrieben gekoppelten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren über entsprechende Gasleitungen angeschlossen ist.Thus, for example, it is possible for two such, each having a common hot or a common cold area double-cylinder Stirling engines along the longitudinal extent of the displacer to arrange and assign the (all) piston of these two double-cylinder Stirling engines a common displacement axis and a common rigid piston rod. Preferably, the double-cylinder Stirling engines coupled in this way are assigned a common motion conversion device which, if required, can be arranged in a region between the double-cylinder Stirling engines coupled via the common piston rod. It is now particularly preferred if the double-cylinder Stirling engines coupled in the manner described above have a common, double-acting working cylinder to which the common movement-converting device is preferably assigned. Alternatively, it is possible to provide two separate power cylinders, preferably each of these power cylinders is connected to both, as previously described coupled double-cylinder Stirling engines via corresponding gas lines.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der zwei Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren derart angeordnet sind, dass diese unmittelbar einander angrenzen, derart, dass sie sich einen heißen Bereich oder einen kalten Bereich teilen. Auch ist es möglich, mehr als zwei Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren auf diese Weise in Reihe nebeneinander anzuordnen, wobei bevorzugt die jeweils aneinander angrenzenden Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren einen gemeinsamen heißen - oder alternativ kalten Bereich aufweisen. Sämtliche Kolben der so angeordneten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren sind über eine gemeinsame starre und sich in Richtung der gemeinsamen Verdrängerachse erstreckende Kolbenstange miteinander verbunden und bewegen sich somit gleichförmig hin und her. Auch hier ist es möglich und bevorzugt, sämtliche in der wie zuvor beschrieben gekoppelten, d.h. paketweise bzw. gestapelt angeordneten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren einen gemeinsamen doppelt wirkenden Arbeitszylinder zuzuordnen oder alternativ zwei separate, einfach wirkende Arbeitszylinder, wobei der doppelt wirkende Arbeitszylinder über entsprechende Gasleitungen bevorzugt mit sämtlichen Verdrängungszylindern der Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren verbunden ist. Für den Fall des Vorsehens von zwei separaten, einfach wirkenden Arbeitszylindern ist jeder der Arbeitszylinder mit der Hälfte der Verdrängungszylinder gasleitend verbunden.Very particularly preferred is an embodiment in which two double-cylinder Stirling engines are arranged so that they directly adjacent to each other, such that they share a hot area or a cold area. It is also possible to arrange more than two double-cylinder Stirling engines in this way in series next to each other, wherein preferably each adjacent double-cylinder Stirling engines have a common hot - or alternatively cold area. All the pistons of the double-cylinder Stirling engines arranged in this way are connected to one another via a common rigid piston rod extending in the direction of the common displacement axis and thus move back and forth in a uniform manner. Again, it is possible and preferable, all in the coupled as described above, ie packetized or stacked arranged double-cylinder Stirling engines assign a common double-acting cylinder or alternatively two separate, single-acting cylinder, the double-acting cylinder over corresponding Gas lines is preferably connected to all displacement cylinders of the double-cylinder Stirling engines. In the case of providing two separate, single-acting working cylinders, each of the working cylinders is gas-conductively connected to half of the displacement cylinders.
Ferner stellt die vorliegende Erfindung ein Elektroenergie Erzeugungssystem bereit mit einem Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motoren und einen an die Drehwelle bzw. Gesamtdrehwelle des Stirling-Motors gekoppelten Elektrogenerator zur Umwandlung der Rotationsenergie der Welle des Stirling-Motors in elektrische Energie. Dadurch kann ein besonders effizientes Elektroenergie-Erzeugungssystem realisiert werden, das Wärmeenergie mit Hilfe eines Ultra-Niedrigtemperatur-Stirling-Motors in elektrische Energie umwandelt.Further, the present invention provides an electric power generation system comprising a multi-cylinder Stirling engine and an electric generator coupled to the rotary shaft of the Stirling engine for converting the rotational energy of the shaft of the Stirling engine into electrical energy. As a result, a particularly efficient electric power generation system can be realized, which converts thermal energy into electrical energy by means of an ultra-low temperature Stirling engine.
In den Rahmen der Erfindung fallen sämtliche Kombinationen aus mindestens zwei von in der Beschreibung, den Ansprüchen und/oder den Figuren offenbarten Merkmalen.All combinations of at least two features disclosed in the description, the claims and / or the figures fall within the scope of the invention.
Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen sollen vorrichtungsgemäß offenbarte Merkmale auch als verfahrensgemäß offenbart gelten und beanspruchbar sein. Ebenso sollen verfahrensgemäß offenbarte Merkmale als vorrichtungsgemäß offenbart gelten und beanspruchbar sein.In order to avoid repetition, features disclosed in accordance with the device should also be regarded as disclosed according to the method and be able to be claimed. Likewise, according to the method disclosed features should be considered as device disclosed and claimed claimable.
Im Folgenden werden zur weiteren Darstellung des Kontextes der Erfindung und ihrer Ausführungsformen die beigefügten Figuren erläutert, in denen
- Fig. 1A:
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Einzylinder-Stirling-Motors (nicht beansprucht) zeigt, der als Ausgangspunkt für die vorliegende Erfindung dient;
- Fig. 1B:
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Einzylinder-Stirling-Motors (nicht beansprucht) zeigt, der als Weiterentwicklung des in
Fig. 1A dargestellten Einzylinder-Stirling-Motors als verbesserter Ausgangspunkt für die vorliegende Erfindung dient; - Fig. 2A-2D:
- eine Abfolge von vier Arbeitstakten eines Arbeitszyklus des in
Fig. 1B dargestellten Einzylinder-Stirling-Motors veranschaulichen; - Fig. 3:
- eine Ausführungsform (nicht beansprucht) eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor gemäß der ersten Alternative zeigt;
- Fig. 4:
- eine Ausführungsform (nicht beansprucht) eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor gemäß der zweiten Alternative zeigt;
- Fig. 5:
- eine erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform eines VierzylinderStirling-Motors zeigt,
- Fig. 6:
- eine alternative Ausführungsform (nicht beansprucht) eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor gemäß der ersten Alternative, wobei sich die beiden Verdrängerzylinder einen heißen Bereich teilen, d.h. einen gemeinsamen heißen Bereich aufweisen,
- Fig. 7:
- eine alternative Ausführungsform (nicht beansprucht)eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor gemäß der zweiten Alternative, wobei hier die separaten, einfach wirkenden Arbeitszylinder nebeneinanderangeordnet sind,
- Fig. 8:
- eine erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform eines VierzylinderStirling-Motors, bei der die Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren über eine gemeinsame Kolbenstange verfügen, die sämtliche Kolben starr miteinander verbindet und wobei die gekoppelten Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren jeweils einen gemeinsamen heißen Bereich aufweisen, und
- Fig. 9:
- eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform eines Vierzylinder-Stirling-Motors in Paket-Bauweise, bei dem zwei Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motoren unmittelbar aneinander angrenzen und sich einen gemeinsamen kalten Bereich teilen.
- Fig. 1A:
- shows a schematic view of a single-cylinder Stirling engine (not claimed), which serves as a starting point for the present invention;
- 1B:
- a schematic view of a single-cylinder Stirling engine (not claimed) shows, as a further development of the in
Fig. 1A illustrated single-cylinder Stirling engine serves as an improved starting point for the present invention; - FIGS. 2A-2D:
- a sequence of four work cycles of a work cycle of the in
Fig. 1B illustrated single-cylinder Stirling engine illustrate; - 3:
- an embodiment (not claimed) of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention according to the first alternative;
- 4:
- an embodiment (not claimed) of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention according to the second alternative;
- Fig. 5:
- shows an embodiment of a four-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention,
- Fig. 6:
- an alternative embodiment (not claimed) of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention according to the first alternative, wherein the two displacement cylinders share a hot area, ie have a common hot area,
- Fig. 7:
- an alternative embodiment (not claimed) of a double-cylinder Stirling engine for a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention according to the second alternative, wherein Here are the separate, single-acting cylinder juxtaposed,
- Fig. 8:
- an embodiment of a four-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention, in which the double-cylinder Stirling engines have a common piston rod which rigidly connects all the pistons and wherein the coupled double-cylinder Stirling engines each have a common hot area, and
- Fig. 9:
- another embodiment of the invention of a four-cylinder Stirling engine in package design, in which two double-cylinder Stirling engines directly adjacent to each other and share a common cold area.
In
Der in
Die Verdrängungskolben 11A und 11B sind durch eine entlang der Verdrängungsachse 41 bewegbare starre Kolbenstange 40 miteinander gekoppelt. Die Verdrängungszylinder 10A, 10B liegen sich spiegelbildlich gegenüber, und zwar bezogen auf eine gedachte Spiegelebene, die senkrecht von dem Verdrängungskolben 11A sowie der Verdrängungsachse 41 durchsetzt ist. Die Kolbenstange 40 ist durch zwei Lager 29A und 29B beweglich gelagert und gegenüber dem Gasraum 15A bzw. 15B arbeitsgasundurchlässig abgedichtet. Ferner ist der gemeinsame Arbeitszylinder 20 mit einem Arbeitskolben 21, der entlang einer Arbeitsachse 25 bewegbar ist, wie in
Die Kolbenstange 40 ist mit einem von dieser radial abstehenden Fortsatz 32 versehen, an dessen radial abstehenden Ende ein Pleuel 34 drehbar gelagert ist. Das andere Ende des Pleuels 34 ist an der Gelenkeinrichtung 33 drehbar befestigt. Der Fortsatz 32, insbesondere das Pleuel 34 und die Gelenkeinrichtung 33, hier durch eine Kurbel verkörpert, bilden die Kopplungseinrichtung zum mechanischen Koppeln der Bewegung der Kolbenstange 40 und der Drehbewegung der Drehwelle. Die Bewegungsumsetzeinrichtung wird hingegen durch die Arbeitskolbenstange 22, insbesondere das daran drehbar angebrachte Pleuel 23 und die Gelenkeinrichtung 33 verkörpert.The
Wie in
Der gemeinsame Arbeitszylinder 20 weist zwei durch den Arbeitskolben 21 räumlich getrennte Gasräume 24A und 24B auf. Der Gasraum 24A des Arbeitszylinders 20 ist über eine Gasleitung 18A gasleitend mit einem Gasraum 15A des ersten Verdrängungszylinders 10A verbunden, die zusammen einen nach außen abgeschlossenen Raum aufspannen, in dem eine dem ersten Verdrängungszylinder 10A zugeordnete Arbeitsgasmenge nach außen unentweichbar eingeschlossen ist. Der zweite Gasraum 24B des Arbeitszylinders 20 ist über eine Gasleitung 18B mit einem Gasraum 15B des zweiten Verdrängungszylinders 10B verbunden. In dem zweiten Gasraum 24B des Arbeitskolbens 21, der zweiten Gasleitung 18B und dem zweiten Gasraum 15B des zweiten Verdrängungszylinders 10B ist eine zweite Arbeitsgasmenge nach außen unentweichbar eingeschlossen.The
Das Pleuel 34 und das Pleuel 23 sind an derselben radial exzentrisch an der Drehwelle angebrachten Gelenkeinrichtung 33 drehbar angebracht. Die Verdrängungsachse 41 und die Arbeitsachse 25 sind senkrecht zu der Drehachse 39 der Drehwelle ausgerichtet.The connecting
Zwischen dem ersten Verdrängungskolben 11A und der Innenwand des ersten Verdrängungszylinders 10A ist ein Spalt 17A bereitgestellt. Auch zwischen dem zweiten Verdrängungskolben 11B des zweiten Verdrängungszylinders 10B ist ein Spalt 17B bereitgestellt. Die in
In
Anders als bei der in
Im Gegensatz zu der in
Der in
Ein heißer Bereich 12A des ersten Verdrängungszylinders 10A und ein heißer Bereich 12C des räumlich zu dem ersten Verlängerungszylinder 10A räumlich benachbarten Verdrängungszylinders 10C sind bevorzugt als eine durchgängige heiße Platte ausgebildet, wie auch die heißen Bereiche 12B und 12D bevorzugt als eine durchgängige heiße Platte ausgebildet sind. Entsprechendes gilt für die kalten Bereiche 13A und 13B, die bevorzugt als eine durchgängige kalte Platte ausgebildet sind bzw. für die kalten Bereiche 13B und 13D, die bevorzugt als eine weitere kalte Platte ausgebildet sind.A
An den jeweiligen Enden einer Gesamtdrehwelle 36 ist jeweils ein Kurbelrad 37AB bzw. 37CD zentrisch fixiert. An dem Kurbelrad 37AB ist radial exzentrisch eine Gelenkeinrichtung 33AB angebracht, deren Bewegung über ein Pleuel 34AB an die Kolbenstange 40AB gekoppelt wird. Entsprechendes gilt für das Kurbelrad 37CD und eine dieser zugeordneten Gelenkeinrichtung 34CD und die Kolbenstange 40CD. Anstelle der zuvor beschriebenen Gesamtdrehwelle mit den Kurbelrädern kann auch eine Kurbelwelle vorgesehen sein.At the respective ends of a total
Zu besseren Übersichtlichkeit sind die Arbeitskolben des erfindungsgemäßen Vierzylinder-Stirling-Motors in
Die Verdrängungsachsen 41AB und 41CD, entlang derer die Kolbenstangen 40AB bzw. 40CD auslenkbar bzw. bewegbar sind, sind parallel zueinander und senkrecht zu der Drehachse 39 der Gesamtdrehwelle 36 ausgerichtet.The displacement axes 41AB and 41CD, along which the piston rods 40AB and 40CD are deflectable, are aligned parallel to each other and perpendicular to the
Wie beispielhaft in
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor als Sternmotor so ausgebildet, dass mindestens zwei Paare von einander spiegelsymmetrisch gegenüberliegenden Verdrängungszylindern, also mindestens zwei Doppelzylinder, um eine Umfangsrichtung der, sich bevorzugt vertikal erstreckenden, Gesamtdrehwelle zueinander, bevorzugt in einem selben Winkel, versetzt angeordnet sind. Die Ausbildung als Sternmotor ermöglicht eine besonders vorteilhafte Anordnung der Gesamtdrehwelle und der bewegten Kolben des Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motors, da somit die Auswirkungen der Gewichtskraft der bewegten Teile des Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motors reduziert werden können.In a further preferred embodiment, the multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to the invention is designed as a radial engine so that at least two pairs of mutually mirror-symmetrically opposed displacement cylinders, ie at least two double cylinders, about a circumferential direction, preferably vertically extending, total rotational shaft to each other, preferably at a same angle, are arranged offset. Training as a radial engine allows a particularly advantageous arrangement of the total rotational shaft and the moving piston of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine, since thus the effects of the weight of the moving parts of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine can be reduced.
Im Folgenden werden weitere alternative Bauweisen von Doppel- und Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motoren beschrieben, wobei zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen im Wesentlichen nur auf die Unterschiede zu den vorstehend erläuterten und in den zugehörigen Figuren gezeigten Ausführungsvarianten eingegangen wird. Im Hinblick auf die Gemeinsamkeiten wird auf die vorstehende Figurenbeschreibung und die zugehörigen Figuren verwiesen.In the following, further alternative construction methods of double and multi-cylinder Stirling engines are described, wherein to avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the embodiments explained above and shown in the associated figures are discussed. With regard to the similarities, reference is made to the above description of the figures and the associated figures.
Das in
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Das Ausführungsbeispiel eines Doppelzylinder-Stirling-Motors für einen nicht erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motor gemäß
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform eines Mehrzylinder-Stirling-Motors, konkret eines Vierzylinder-Stirling-Motors gemäß
In
Claims (18)
- A multi-cylinder Stirling engine having at least two double-cylinder Stirling engines, each comprising a shared hot area or a shared cold area, each double-cylinder Stirling engine having
a pair of displacer cylinders (10A, 10B; 10C, 10D) which oppose each other mirror-symmetrically with respect to a mirror plane extending perpendicular to a displacer axis (41), each of the displacer cylinders having a hot area (12A, 12B; 12C, 12D) comprising a hot plate, a cold area (13A, 13B; 13C, 13D) comprising a cold plate, and a displacer piston (11A, 11B, 11C, 11D) which is moveable between these areas along the displacer axis (41),
at least one power cylinder (20; 20A, 20B), each displacer cylinder being associated with a power cylinder comprising a power piston (21; 21A, 21B), which is moveable along a power axis (25) by means of a pressure change of a working gas which can be caused within the displacer cylinder,
a motion conversion device (22, 23, 33; or 22A, 22B, 23A, 23B, 33) for transferring a movement of the power piston along the power axis (25) to a rotational movement of a rotating shaft of the double-cylinder Stirling engine along a rotation axis (39) of the rotating shaft,
a coupling device (32, 34, 33) for mechanically coupling a movement of the rigid piston rod (40) along the displacer axis (41) and the rotational movement of the rotating shaft,
the displacer pistons of each pair of displacer cylinders (10A, 10B; 10C, 10D) being mechanically coupled to one another by means of a rigid piston rod (40) which is moveable along the displacer axis formed as a shared displacer axis (41) of the displacer pistons (11A, 11B, 11C, 11D) of the pair; the at least two double-cylinder Stirling engines being coupled along the shared displacer axis via said piston rod (40), which intersperses the shared hot or cold areas and according to a first alternative both displacer cylinders of the double-cylinder Stirling engines being associated with a shared power cylinder (20) and preferably with the motion conversion device (22, 23, 33), or
according to a second alternative both displacer cylinders of the double-cylinder Stirling engines each being associated with a separate power cylinder (20A, 20B) and the motion conversion device (22A, 22B, 23A, 23B, 33) being further designed for transferring the movement of the two power cylinders to the rotational movement of the rotating shaft along the power axis. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the coupling device comprises a connecting rod (34), which mechanically couples the piston rod (40) with an articulated device (33), in particular a crank, said articulated device (33) being mounted to the rotating shaft in a radially eccentric manner, and/or that according to the first alternative the motion conversion device (22, 23, 33) comprises a connecting rod (23), which mechanically couples the shared power piston (21) with an articulated device (33), in particular a crank, said articulated device (33) being mounted to the rotating shaft in a radially eccentric manner, or that according to the second alternative the motion conversion device (22A, 22B, 23A, 23B, 33) comprises two connecting rods (23A, 23B) which each mechanically couple a different one of the two power pistons with an articulated device (33), in particular a crank, said articulated device (33) being mounted to the rotating shaft in a radially eccentric manner. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to claim 2,
characterized in that
the connecting rod (34) of the coupling device and the connecting rod(s) (23; 23A, 23B) of the motion conversion device are connected so as to be mechanically coupled with the same articulated device (33), in particular a crank, said articulated device (33) being mounted to the rotating shaft in a radially eccentric manner. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the displacer axis (41) and the power axis (25) are perpendicular to the rotation axis (39) of the rotating shaft. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the double-cylinder Stirling engines are designed to be used with helium as the working gas, or are equipped with helium as the working gas, and/or that the displacer pistons are designed as regenerators. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
according to the first alternative, the shared power cylinder (20) comprises two gas compartments (24A, 24B) which are spatially divided by the power piston (21), said gas compartments (24A, 24B) being connected to a gas compartment (15A, 15B) of a different one of the displacement cylinders in a manner suitable for conducting gas, or that according to the second alternative, the respective gas compartments (15A, 15B) of the displacement cylinders are connected to a respective gas comportment (24A, 24B) of the associated power cylinder in a manner suitable for conducting gas. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the double-cylinder Stirling engines, in particular its rotating shaft, is flywheel-free. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the Stirling engine is an ultralow temperature Stirling engine and is also able to generate rotational energy, even if the temperature of the hot area is chosen from a range between 80 °C and 140 °C and/or is below 120 °C, in particular 100 °C. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the respective rotating shafts of the plurality of the double-cylinder Stirling engines are made of an aggregate rotating shaft (36) and that the respective deflections of the displacer pistons of the plurality of the double-cylinder Stirling engines adjacent to each other are each disposed at an offset to each other by 1/n of the stroke distance of the displacer pistons or have a clock skew of 180/n degrees towards each other. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the articulated devices of the plurality of the double-cylinder Stirling engines adjacent to each other are mounted at the aggregate rotating shaft at an offset of 180/n degrees to each other and that said articulated devices are disposed so as to be radially distanced from the rotation axis of the aggregate rotating shaft, in particular with the same distance. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the multi-cylinder Stirling engine is designed as a four-cylinder Stirling engine via a first double-cylinder Stirling engine and a second double-cylinder Stirling engine; that a deflection of the displacer piston of the first double-cylinder Stirling engine is disposed at an offset to a deflection of the displacer piston of the second double-cylinder Stirling engine by half a stroke distance of the displacer piston or has a clock skew of 90 degrees; and that the articulated devices of the two double-cylinder Stirling engines are disposed at an offset to each other of 90 degrees on the aggregate rotating shaft and are disposed so as to be radially distanced from the rotation axis of the aggregate rotating shaft, in particular with the same distance. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to claims 10 to 11,
characterized in that
the multi-cylinder Stirling engine is designed as a plate Stirling engine, a plurality of spatially adjacent hot areas (12A, 12C; 12B, 12D) being designed as a continuous hot plate and/or a plurality of spatially adjacent cold areas (13A, 13C; 13B, 13D) being designed as a continuous cold plate. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the multi-cylinder Stirling engine, in particular its aggregate rotating shaft, is designed in a flywheel-free manner. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the multi-cylinder Stirling engine is designed as a radial engine such that at least two pairs of displacer cylinders which are disposed opposite each other in a mirror-symmetrically manner are disposed at an offset to each other around a peripheral direction of the aggregate rotating shaft, preferably at the same angle and preferably extending vertically. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the double-cylinder Stirling engines are either spaced apart from each other, in particular by means of a motion conversion device disposed therebetween, or directly adjoin each other. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
at least two double-cylinder Stirling engines are grouped together and comprise a shared cold or hot area which is interspersed by the shared piston rod (40), which firmly interlinks all displacer pistons of the double-cylinder Stirling engines. - The multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
several of the double-cylinder Stirling engines, preferably all of the double-cylinder Stirling engines, share a shared power cylinder (20). - An electric power generation system having a multi-cylinder Stirling engine according to any one of the preceding claims and an electric generator for converting the rotational energy of the shaft of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine to electric energy, said electric generator being coupled to the rotating shaft of the multi-cylinder Stirling engine.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102014107308.8A DE102014107308B4 (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2014-05-23 | Double cylinder Stirling engine, multi-cylinder Stirling engine and electrical energy generation system |
PCT/EP2015/060670 WO2015177035A1 (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2015-05-13 | Two-cylinder stirling engine, multiple-cylinder stirling engine and electric energy generation system |
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DE202020000844U1 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2020-03-17 | Jochen Benz | Stirling engine |
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ES2700131T3 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2019-02-14 | Tour Engine Inc | Reel slide transfer valve in split-cycle motor |
CN106030057B (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2019-03-22 | 托尔发动机股份有限公司 | Variable-volume shifts shuttle cabin and valve system |
KR20210109527A (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2021-09-06 | 투어 엔진 인코퍼레이티드 | Transmission Mechanism of Split-Cycle Engine |
US20220042497A1 (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2022-02-10 | Navita Energy, Inc. | Enhanced low temperature difference-powered devices, systems, and methods |
CN113565647B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-09-12 | 杨士中 | Y-shaped Stirling engine |
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DE490930C (en) * | 1930-02-03 | Joseph Koenig | Hot air machine with one working cylinder and two displacement cylinders | |
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JPS59203853A (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1984-11-19 | Shisei Fujita | Stirling engine |
DE3723950A1 (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1988-08-11 | Helmut Prof Dr Krauch | Regenerative heat engine with a hypocycloidal eccentric crank mechanism |
JP4630626B2 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2011-02-09 | 株式会社サクション瓦斯機関製作所 | Heat engine |
DE202009000309U1 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2009-04-23 | Schmid, Josef | Additor Stirling engine and boost |
DE202009016564U1 (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2010-04-15 | Merling, Eduard, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | Heat engine according to Stirling principle |
FI20140044L (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-18 | Seppo LAITINEN | Multi-stage internal combustion engine with sequential piston operation |
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DE202020000844U1 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2020-03-17 | Jochen Benz | Stirling engine |
WO2021175353A1 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-10 | Jochen Benz | Stirling engine |
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