EP3146167B1 - Moteur à air comprimé à chambre active incluse et à distribution active à l'admission - Google Patents

Moteur à air comprimé à chambre active incluse et à distribution active à l'admission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3146167B1
EP3146167B1 EP15726034.0A EP15726034A EP3146167B1 EP 3146167 B1 EP3146167 B1 EP 3146167B1 EP 15726034 A EP15726034 A EP 15726034A EP 3146167 B1 EP3146167 B1 EP 3146167B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
valve
piston
cylinder
active
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP15726034.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3146167A2 (fr
Inventor
Guy Negre
Cyril Negre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MDI Motor Development International SA
Original Assignee
MDI Motor Development International SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MDI Motor Development International SA filed Critical MDI Motor Development International SA
Publication of EP3146167A2 publication Critical patent/EP3146167A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3146167B1 publication Critical patent/EP3146167B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • F01L9/16—Pneumatic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02—Engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L2003/25—Valve configurations in relation to engine
    • F01L2003/258—Valve configurations in relation to engine opening away from cylinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an engine operating in particular with compressed air, or any other gas, and using a chamber called "active chamber"
  • the invention relates to the distribution on admission of such an engine and more particularly for a motor comprising an active chamber included, and in particular for a multi-modal self-expanding motor with active chamber included.
  • the term "distribution" is the set of means used to supply such a motor with compressed gas.
  • the engine expansion chamber according to this invention actively participates in the work.
  • the engine is thus called “active chamber” engine.
  • the volume of the active chamber CA included and the volume of the expansion chamber CD are dimensioned such that at the nominal operating pressure of the engine, the pressure at the end of expansion at low dead point is close to the ambient pressure, especially atmospheric.
  • the volume of the active chamber is determined by the closing of the admission.
  • the active chamber motor included described above comprises several successive cylinders of increasing displacements.
  • the engine is powered like the teachings of the documents WO-A1-2005 / 049968 and WO-A1-2008 / 028881 by compressed air, or any other compressed gas, contained in a high pressure storage tank, previously expanded, at a nominal working pressure, in a buffer capacity - said working capacity.
  • the motor according to WO-A1-2012 / 045694 also serves as a regulator, the invention thus making it possible to propose an engine called "autodetendeur" which, for the supply of the active chamber CA, does not require any independent expansion valve of any type.
  • the volume, variable depending on the pressure of the high pressure storage tank, the active chamber included determines the amount of compressed air injected.
  • the difficulty lies in the realization of the opening and closing means of the admission of compressed air into the active chamber included which not only allow to open the orifice and the intake duct substantially at the top dead center of the stroke of the piston, but which also make it possible to modify the duration and / or the angular sector of the admission, as well as the passage section of the opening.
  • valves The distribution of engines of all types is generally provided by valves whose operation is well known.
  • a valve closes the intake and / or exhaust duct and has a valve head held by springs resting on a circular valve seat formed around an orifice communicating the intake duct and / or or exhaust with the combustion chamber and / or expansion contained in the cylinder.
  • the valve head opens the circuit by penetrating the chamber to be powered by mechanical mechanical cams and pushers acting on the tail or stem of the valve which extends the valve head.
  • the invention particularly adapted to active chamber compressed air motors, including multi-modal self-expanding motors with active chamber included, proposes to solve all the problems mentioned above while providing additional power.
  • the active intake distribution device applied to the compressed air motors uses the compressed air contained in the high-pressure storage tank and / or in the intake circuit to move the intake valve in order to opening and closing the intake duct for supplying the active chamber of the engine, the compressed air used for these actions is then reused in the engine to produce additional work.
  • the Figure 1A represents an active chamber self-expansion motor equipped with an active intake distribution assembly according to the invention.
  • the engine comprises at least one cylinder 1, only one of which is represented, which is fed with a gas under pressure, preferably with compressed air, contained in a high-pressure storage tank 12.
  • the engine comprises a piston 2 which is slidably mounted in the cylinder 1, and a crankshaft 5 which is driven by the piston 2 by means of a conventional crank-rod device 3, 4.
  • the volume of the engine cylinder 1 which is swept by the piston 2 is divided along an imaginary line DD '(corresponding to a division plane orthogonal to the axis of the cylinder) into two parts: a first part constituting the active chamber CA, which is thus included in the cylinder 1, and a second part constituting the expansion chamber CD.
  • the engine further comprises a cylinder head 6 which closes at its upper part the volume of the cylinder 1, which is swept by the piston 2.
  • the cylinder head 6 comprises at least one intake duct 8 which is connected to the tank 12 and in which flows the flow of pressurized cylinder filling gas, an inlet 7 of the gas under pressure above the piston 2.
  • the cylinder head further comprises at least one exhaust port and one exhaust duct (not shown).
  • the cylinder head 6 is arranged such that, when the piston 2 is at its top dead point, the residual volume between the piston 2 and the cylinder head 6 is, by construction, reduced to the minimum clearances allowing the operation without contact between the piston 2 and the cylinder head 6.
  • the cylinder head 6 comprises at least one intake valve 9, one of which is illustrated, which cooperates sealingly with a valve seat 20 formed in the cylinder head 6 and which delimits the inlet orifice 7.
  • the intake duct 8 is directly connected to the high pressure reservoir 12 which directly supplies the active chamber CA and is at the same pressure as that of the reservoir.
  • the pressure in the intake duct 8 is identical to that of the storage tank 12, for example of the order of 100 bars, and is greater than that prevailing in the active chamber CA and the expansion chamber CD, for example equal to 1.5 bar at the moment of the cycle corresponding to the bottom dead center of the piston, at the end of expansion, just before the opening of the exhaust valve.
  • the intake valve 9 is mounted movably in axial displacement between a low position (considering the general vertical orientation of the figures and without reference to earth gravity) of closure - represented in FIG. Figure 1A in which it bears tightly on its valve seat 20, and a high opening position - represented in FIG. Figure 1B .
  • the inlet valve 9 moves axially - upwards, in the opposite direction to that of the flow of the gas flow F under pressure of filling the cylinder.
  • the inlet valve opens in the opposite direction to the flow of air under pressure filling the engine cylinder.
  • the inlet valve 9 In its closed position, the inlet valve 9 is held closed autoclave on its valve seat 20 by the pressure in the intake duct 8 and applied to the intake valve, that is, ie on the valve head inside the intake duct 8.
  • the engine comprises means for controlling the opening of the intake valve 9, substantially at the top dead center of the piston stroke, to cause the detachment of the intake valve 9 from its seat 20 and to establish in the chamber activates a pressure to that prevailing in the intake duct 8.
  • the valve During its opening phase, the valve then traverses its full opening stroke under the action of the differential forces of pressure exerted by the gas under pressure on the corresponding parts of the intake valve and in particular on the head of the valve, that is to say on the one hand on the lower surface 22 in the form of disc subjected to pressure prevailing in the cylinder 1, and secondly on the upper surface 24 subjected to the pressure in the intake duct 8, the difference between the areas of these two surfaces corresponding substantially to the area of the section of the rod or tail 26 of the valve 9.
  • the inlet valve 9 In its closed position, the inlet valve 9 is held in its seat 20, autoclaved by the pressure of the compressed air contained in the intake circuit, and / or in the air storage tank 12 compressed, the pressure in the active chamber CA and the engine expansion chamber CD being lower during the relaxation and exhaust phases of operation.
  • the engine comprises a pneumatic cylinder V closing the intake valve 9 which, by way of non-limiting example, is here arranged in the cylinder head 6.
  • the jack V comprises a cylinder of cylinder 100 and a closing piston 102 which is connected in axial displacement with the rod 26 of the intake valve 9, and which is slidably mounted in the cylinder cylinder 100 inside which it delimits sealingly an upper chamber 104 of the cylinder, called the closing chamber of the valve 9.
  • the motor comprises an active distribution channel X1 which connects the closing chamber 104 to the upper part of the active chamber CA arranged included in the cylinder 1.
  • the maximum maximum opening position of the inlet valve 9 is defined by an adjustable stop 30 which extends into the chamber 104 and whose axial position, in the axial direction of displacement of the valve, is controlled (by means of means not shown in the figures) to vary the flow of pressurized gas admitted into the cylinder via the intake duct.
  • the controlled adjustable stop thus acts as a "throttle" controlled by an accelerator.
  • the displacements of the abutment are for example controlled and caused by means of an electric motor step by step.
  • the adjustable stop 30 makes it possible to stop the upward and automatic upward movement of the intake valve 9 by modifying its lift as a function of the required motor operating parameters.
  • the engine comprises a controlled valve Y closing the flow of gas in the channel X1 active distribution, called Y valve active distribution, whose opening can be controlled to put the chamber 104, closing the intake, in communication with the upper part of the active chamber CA by establishing in the closure chamber 104 a complementary pressure on the upper face of the piston 102 by pushing, by the action of this piston, the intake valve 9 on its seat 20 and thus closing the intake circuit thereby ending the work of the active chamber CA.
  • Y valve active distribution a controlled valve Y closing the flow of gas in the channel X1 active distribution
  • the active dispensing valve Y is then kept open during the expansion time by allowing the compressed gas contained in the closure chamber 104 to relax together with the gas contained in the expansion chamber, while producing a work which is added in the work of the pressure gas charge previously admitted, via the intake duct, into the active chamber.
  • the engine comprises an X2 channel for controlling the opening of the intake valve 9 which connects the upper part of the active chamber CA to the intake duct 8.
  • the engine comprises a valve Z controlled shutter of the flow of gas in the channel X2, called valve opening of the intake valve, whose opening can be controlled to put the upper part of the active chamber CA in communication with the intake duct 8.
  • a thrust of 28 kg is exerted to open automatically the inlet valve 9 and allow the filling of the active chamber CA.
  • the closing of the intake valve 9 is then ensured by placing the active chamber CA in communication with the closure chamber 104 thus creating a complementary pressure on the upper surface of the piston 102 of the closing cylinder V, which then pushes the valve intake 9 on its seat 20 and closes / closes the admission to allow the relaxation cycle of the active chamber CA in the relaxation room CD ..
  • valve Y is an active dispensing valve
  • channel X1 is an active distribution channel
  • the operation of the so-called active distribution according to the invention is therefore understood in which, advantageously, the energy necessary for the opening and closing of the inlet valve 9 is provided by the pressure prevailing in the storage tank and or the intake circuit for opening, and prevailing in the active chamber for closure, then is reused by producing additional work in the cylinder.
  • the volume of the closing chamber 104 is of reduced value, for example, without limitation, less than 10% of the cylinder capacity of the cylinder 1.
  • These various channels have reduced diameters for example of the order of 0.5 to 2 millimeters for a diameter of the main intake duct of the order of 20 millimeters.
  • Y and Z valves of the electromechanical type constituted especially in the form of solenoid valves adapted and easily controllable by an electronic management unit (not shown), will be used.
  • control by electronic management and pneumatic control allows opening and closing speeds of the valve (s) and angular control phases of high precision.
  • the expansion of the volume of air contained in the closure chamber is carried out in conjunction with that of the active chamber and with pressure drops of about from the nominal pressure to the pressure. exhaust.
  • the engine also comprises a valve T controlled closing the flow of gas, compressed air, in the channel X3, whose opening can be controlled to put the intake duct 8 and / or the tank 12 in communication with the closing chamber 104.
  • the closure chamber 104 has at least two ducts, X3 and X1 each provided with controlled closure means, T and Y, for closing the closure chamber 104, successively in communication with the one hand with the intake circuit and / or the high-pressure storage tank 12, and secondly with the active and expansion chamber of the cylinder.
  • Closing of the intake valve 9 is ensured by placing in communication the intake circuit and / or the reservoir of storage with the closure chamber 104, via the channel X3, and by controlling the opening of the valve T, thereby creating a complementary pressure on the surface of the closing piston 102 which pushes the inlet valve 9 on its seat 20 and closes the inlet to allow the relaxation cycle of the active chamber CA in the expansion chamber CD.
  • the active expansion of the closure chamber 104 can be delayed to intervene later in the cycle, by controlling the opening of the valve Y.
  • the volume of the closure chamber 104 is in communication with the expansion chamber CD and the compressed air contained in the closure chamber 104 relaxes in the expansion chamber CD by producing a work that is added to the work of relaxation of the load admitted into the active chamber CA.
  • the opening of the intake valve 9 is advantageously simplified by the integration of such a mechanical device.
  • said means for controlling the opening of the intake valve 9 are constituted by a finger D, or pusher, which is formed in relief on the upper face of the piston (2) and which extends vertically upwards facing the head opposite the intake valve 9.
  • the opening control finger D is able to cooperate mechanically with the lower face 20 of the head of the intake valve 9 to push the latter vertically upwards.
  • the finger D is positioned in line with the lower part of the intake valve head so that it slightly raises the intake valve creating a leak which puts the intake circuit in communication with the active chamber.
  • CA by establishing in the closure chamber 104 a complementary pressure on the upper surface of the piston 102 and, by the action of the piston 102 connected to the tail of the valve, by pushing the intake valve 9 on its seat 20 by closing thus the intake circuit by putting an end to the work of the active chamber CA.
  • the valve then travels its full opening stroke under the action of the differential pressure forces exerted by the gas under pressure on the corresponding parts of the intake valve 9.
  • the arrangement of the channel X2 and the associated valve Z for controlling the opening of the intake valve is modified.
  • the jack V is a double-acting jack with two sealed chambers separated by the piston 102.
  • the lower chamber 105 is a chamber for controlling the opening of the intake valve 9 which, via the channel X2, is connected to the intake duct 8 and / or to the tank 12 of gas under pressure.
  • the closure chamber 104 has at least two ducts, X3 and X1, each provided with controlled shutter means T, Y for putting the closure chamber 104 in succession in communication with the circuit on the one hand. inlet and / or the high-pressure storage tank 12, and secondly with the active and expansion chamber of the cylinder.
  • the opening of the intake valve 9 is controlled by the valve Z which supplies pressurized gas to the lower chamber 105 of the cylinder V which is an opening chamber.
  • Closing of the inlet valve 9 is ensured by placing the intake circuit and / or the storage tank in communication with the closure chamber 104, via the channel X3 and by controlling the opening of the valve T , thus creating a complementary pressure on the surface of the closing piston 102 which pushes the intake valve 9 on its seat 20 and closes the inlet to allow the expansion cycle of the active chamber CA in the expansion chamber CD .
  • the closure is obtained because of the area of the piston 102 subjected to the pressure, which is greater on the side of the chamber 104, than on the opening chamber 105 side (the difference corresponding substantially to the area of the section of the rod of the intake valve).
  • the active relaxation of the closure chamber can be delayed to intervene later in the cycle, by controlling the opening of the valve Y.
  • the volume of the closure chamber 104 is then placed in communication with the expansion chamber CD and the compressed air contained in the closure chamber 104 expands in the chamber relaxation by producing a job that is added to the work of relaxation of the load admitted into the active room.
  • the piston 102 of the jack V successively controls the opening and closing of the intake valve 9.
  • the chamber 104 it is possible, as for the chamber 104, to connect the chamber 105 to the active chamber through a channel X1 'and a valve Y', thus achieving two parallel active distribution circuits.
  • the volumes of the closing chamber 104 and of the opening chamber 105 can then be placed in communication with the expansion chamber and the compressed air contained therein is expanded in the expansion chamber, making it possible to increase the work. releasing the load admitted by relaxing in the main engine cylinder.
  • the engine equipped with the "active" intake distribution according to the invention can be used on all land, sea, rail and aeronautical vehicles.
  • the active chamber motor according to the invention can also and advantageously find its application in the emergency generator sets, as well as in many domestic cogeneration applications producing electricity, heating and air conditioning.
  • the active chamber motor according to the invention has been described with operation with compressed air. However, it can use any compressed gas / gas at high pressure, without departing from the scope of the claimed invention.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown: the materials, the control means, the devices described may vary within the limit of equivalents, to produce the same results.
  • the number of engine cylinders, their displacements, the maximum volume of the active chamber relative to the displaced volume of the cylinder (s) and the number of stages of relaxation, may vary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
EP15726034.0A 2014-05-22 2015-05-18 Moteur à air comprimé à chambre active incluse et à distribution active à l'admission Not-in-force EP3146167B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1454603A FR3021347B1 (fr) 2014-05-22 2014-05-22 Moteur a air comprime a chambre active incluse et a distribution active a l'admission
PCT/EP2015/060855 WO2015177076A2 (fr) 2014-05-22 2015-05-18 Moteur à air comprimé à chambre active incluse et à distribution active à l'admission

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3146167A2 EP3146167A2 (fr) 2017-03-29
EP3146167B1 true EP3146167B1 (fr) 2018-12-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15726034.0A Not-in-force EP3146167B1 (fr) 2014-05-22 2015-05-18 Moteur à air comprimé à chambre active incluse et à distribution active à l'admission

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US10371023B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP3146167B1 (ru)
KR (1) KR102345515B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN106414899B (ru)
AP (1) AP2016009621A0 (ru)
AU (1) AU2015263264B2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2946481C (ru)
ES (1) ES2715515T3 (ru)
FR (1) FR3021347B1 (ru)
IL (1) IL248944B (ru)
RU (1) RU2701784C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2015177076A2 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA201608834B (ru)

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IT202000011080A1 (it) * 2020-05-14 2021-11-14 Fpt Motorenforschung Ag Motore a combustione interna sovralimentato dotato di un sistema (va) di attuazione delle valvole
CN111691925B (zh) * 2020-06-24 2021-11-09 张谭伟 一种空气发动机
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106414899A (zh) 2017-02-15
ES2715515T3 (es) 2019-06-04
CA2946481A1 (fr) 2015-11-26
FR3021347A1 (fr) 2015-11-27
IL248944A0 (en) 2017-01-31
RU2701784C2 (ru) 2019-10-01
RU2016145407A3 (ru) 2018-12-04
WO2015177076A3 (fr) 2016-01-14
ZA201608834B (en) 2018-08-29
IL248944B (en) 2020-06-30
FR3021347B1 (fr) 2016-05-20
AU2015263264B2 (en) 2019-05-16
RU2016145407A (ru) 2018-06-26
AP2016009621A0 (en) 2016-12-31
EP3146167A2 (fr) 2017-03-29
KR20170007306A (ko) 2017-01-18
AU2015263264A1 (en) 2016-11-10
CA2946481C (fr) 2023-02-28
CN106414899B (zh) 2019-07-05
NZ725405A (en) 2022-03-25
US10371023B2 (en) 2019-08-06
US20170211435A1 (en) 2017-07-27
WO2015177076A2 (fr) 2015-11-26
KR102345515B1 (ko) 2021-12-31

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