EP3145467A1 - Procede de propulsion d'un fauteuil roulant, kit et fauteuil mettant en oeuvre un tel procede - Google Patents
Procede de propulsion d'un fauteuil roulant, kit et fauteuil mettant en oeuvre un tel procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3145467A1 EP3145467A1 EP15725553.0A EP15725553A EP3145467A1 EP 3145467 A1 EP3145467 A1 EP 3145467A1 EP 15725553 A EP15725553 A EP 15725553A EP 3145467 A1 EP3145467 A1 EP 3145467A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wheels
- wheelchair
- chair
- mode
- wheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
- A61G5/04—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven
- A61G5/041—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven having a specific drive-type
- A61G5/045—Rear wheel drive
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
- A61G5/06—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
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- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
- B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/12—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- B60L2240/22—Yaw angle
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- B60L2240/32—Driving direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/427—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/429—Current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/46—Drive Train control parameters related to wheels
- B60L2240/461—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/12—Driver interactions by confirmation, e.g. of the input
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/18—Driver interactions by enquiring driving style
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/24—Driver interactions by lever actuation
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
- B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
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- B60L2260/34—Stabilising upright position of vehicles, e.g. of single axle vehicles
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- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/80—Other vehicles not covered by groups B60Y2200/10 - B60Y2200/60
- B60Y2200/84—Wheelchairs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of propelling a wheelchair. It also relates to a kit implementing such a method for equipping a wheelchair, and an electric wheelchair implementing this method.
- the invention applies in particular to improve the mobility of wheelchairs on all types of terrain.
- wheelchairs There are various types of wheelchairs on the market, from the simplest in a manual version to the most sophisticated in an all-electric version. Faced with the difficulties encountered in everyday life, many people with reduced mobility give up manual wheelchairs. Indeed, these chairs require significant physical effort on the part of users and are not always easy to maneuver, ultimately limiting the autonomy of people. The latter must then make choices among all the chairs available on the market based in particular on their disability, their physical capabilities and their financial means.
- One solution to allow these people to regain greater autonomy is to use an all-electric wheelchair equipped with a control member. From this control member, the user can control the chair in all directions, the chair being propelled by means of an electric motor, the handrails coupled to the wheels are also always provided to allow manual activation including in unavailability of electric propulsion.
- Another less expensive solution is to equip a conventional wheelchair with an additional motorization kit.
- An object of the invention is in particular to allow electrically powered wheelchairs to move in all types of terrain and especially in the types of terrain described above.
- the subject of the invention is a method of propelling a wheelchair, said wheelchair having two driving wheels each equipped with a rotation drive motor, the value of the driving torque applied by each motor. being slaved to perform a gyroscopic stabilization of said chair moving on both motor, loaded by a user, in an inclined equilibrium position ⁇ 0 .
- said method uses a direct model defined by the following equation, for the system composed of said loaded wheelchair and engines:
- x is a state vector, a function of time, such that:
- - ⁇ being equal to 1/2 (0 R + 6 L ), 0 R and 0 L being respectively the angles of rotation of the right wheel and the left wheel relative to a given origin; - ⁇ being the deflection angle of the chair relative to the equilibrium position ⁇ ' ,
- the control law must not only guarantee stability, performance and robustness in each of these modes, but also guarantee a reliable passage (obviously controlled but also smoothly) between the different modes: two wheels compared to four wheels, four wheels compared to two wheels, two wheels or four wheels with respect to assistance and assistance with respect to two wheels or four wheels.
- control signals may be:
- ⁇ , ⁇ respectively being the values of the torques applied by the left and right motors.
- control input u has as its components the speeds of the driving wheels or the control input u has as components the control voltages applied to the motors.
- the method uses for example a static and / or dynamic nonlinear state feedback.
- a state observer of the unmeasured variables or an estimator of the perturbation inputs is for example added, this state feedback being defined by the following equation:
- the deflection angle ⁇ is measured from a tilt angle value ⁇ & ⁇ measured by a mechanically secured gyroscope of said chair, said deflection angle ⁇ being the difference between the gyroscopic measurement of the inclination ⁇ ⁇ and an estimated value of the equilibrium angle ⁇ , said estimated value of the equilibrium angle being a function of the geometric and dynamic parameters of said loaded chair.
- the invention also relates to an electric propulsion kit adapted to equip a wheelchair with two driving wheels, said kit comprising at least:
- a gyroscope for measuring the angle of inclination of the chair
- a central unit delivering a signal for controlling the value of the driving torque of each of the motors, said central unit comprising a computer capable of executing a so-called two-wheel servocontrol, from a control signal, implementing the method propulsion device described above, for stabilizing said wheelchair moving on both motor, loaded by a user, in an inclined balance position ⁇ .
- the central unit From a deactivation signal of said two-wheel servocontrol, the central unit generates, for example, torque values which cause the rear wheels to accelerate for a predetermined period of time, forcing the wheelchair to tilt forwards and to land on its front wheels.
- a control interface generates an activation and deactivation signal for said two-wheel servocontrol.
- the control interface is for example of the "joystick” type or is a screen for navigating through a menu.
- An activation signal of said two-wheel servo is for example generated by a tilting movement of said chair backwards, said movement being sensed by the gyro.
- the deactivation signal of said two-wheel servo is generated by a tilting movement of said chair forward, said movement being sensed by the gyro.
- the motorization kit is mounted on transport equipment such as a stretcher, a trolley, a bed or the like, to enable the user, who in this case has his driving abilities, a maneuverability and easy transport of heavy loads.
- transport equipment such as a stretcher, a trolley, a bed or the like.
- control device such as a small joystick to control the left and right movement of the equipment.
- the subject of the invention is also an electric wheelchair comprising two driving wheels each driven by an electric motor, said chair comprising at least: a gyroscope for measuring the angle of inclination of said chair;
- a central unit delivering a signal for controlling the value of the driving torque of each of the motors, said central unit comprising a computer capable of executing a so-called two-wheel servocontrol, from a control signal, implementing the method propulsion device described above, for stabilizing said wheelchair moving on the two motor, loaded by a user, in an inclined equilibrium position ⁇ 0 .
- the central unit From a sign of deactivation of said two-wheel servo, the central unit generates, for example, engine torque values that create an acceleration of the driving wheels rearward for a determined time, forcing the wheelchair to tilt forward and to land on its front wheels.
- said chair comprises a control interface generating a signal for activating and deactivating said two-wheel control, said interface being for example of the "joystick" type or being for example a screen making it possible to navigate in a menu.
- An activating signal of said two-wheel control is for example generated by a tilting movement of said chair backwards, said movement being picked up by the gyro.
- a deactivation signal of said two-wheel control is for example generated by a tilting movement of said chair forward, said movement being sensed by the gyro.
- FIG. 6 an illustration of a propulsion according to the invention on a sloping track.
- Figure i shows a person moving in a manual wheelchair.
- the person controls the movement of the chair by exerting a circular thrust forward or back on the handrail 2 coupled to each wheel 1 driving, causing the rolling of these wheels.
- Two small wheels 5 at the front complete the four-wheel device to ensure the stability of the wheelchair, the latter which is free to rotate about a vertical axis help the wheelchair user to go.
- An electric propulsion help device reduces or eliminates these physical efforts.
- Such a device comprises two electric motors, a motor being coupled to each wheel to drive it in rotation.
- the motors used may be of the brushless motor type, also called "brushless" motors. Other types of motors can be used, such as DC motors.
- the motor torque delivered by a motor may be a function of the drive movement applied to the handrail 2.
- several solutions are possible to detect the propulsion torque then produced by the user and to control the drive motors. function of this applied torque.
- Another solution for controlling the drive motors of the wheels is to use a control member such as a joystick for example, also called “joystick” attached to the frame of the chair and more particularly on the armrest for easy handling by the user.
- the joystick thus makes it possible to control the motors forwards or backwards, to adjust the drive speed of the wheels, and to turn to the left or to the right by activating one or the other of the motors. Electric propulsion works perfectly on regular soils.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a first example of an obstacle.
- the user must cross the edge of a sidewalk 4 to climb on it. The user must then make a movement back to lift the front of the chair, which requires physical effort with a risk of complete tilting of the chair backwards.
- FIG. 2 presents another example of obstacle clearance where the user moves from a sidewalk 21 to a roadway 22. In this case, the user must be careful not to tip forward and overturn. .
- Figure 3 presents another difficult situation where a user has to descend a slope with his wheelchair 10. Even if the braking system of the chair makes it possible to control the speed of descent, there is a significant risk that the user switches to the before or at least feels such a fear that he refuses to descend the bank.
- Figure 4 illustrates the principle of implementation of the invention.
- the invention provides a mode of operation subsequently called "two-wheel” mode in which the chair 10 moves only on the two drive wheels 1, in an inclined equilibrium position. In this configuration, the chair can move more easily on rough or unstable ground, on slopes and can overcome obstacles more easily.
- the wheelchair is maintained in this "two-wheel” mode by the torques applied to the drive wheels 1 by their drive motor.
- Figure 4 shows the chair loaded by a user in a position of equilibrium around a stabilization angle ⁇ 0 , the user moving on a horizontal plane.
- This angle is formed between the horizontal plane 41 and the plane 42 comprising the four wheels 1, 5 of the chair, more particularly this plane 42 corresponds to a fictitious plane supporting the four wheels.
- a driving torque ⁇ is applied to the left wheel and a driving torque T r to the right wheel whose values make it possible to obtain the speed and the stabilization angle ⁇ ⁇ according to a servocontrol which will be described by the after.
- the speed of movement of the wheelchair corresponds to the speed of rotation of the drive wheels 1, different speeds of rotation between the wheels allow the wheelchair to turn right or left.
- the torque values to be applied depend on the geometric and dynamic parameters of the weighted wheelchair, the desired drive wheel speeds and the stabilization angle ⁇ 0 .
- This angle of stabilization, or equilibrium is the angle of inclination of the chair for which the center of gravity CG of the assembly formed by the chair 10 and the user 40 meets the axis vertical 43 passing through the axis of the driving wheels 1. In practice, this angle is of the order of 20 ° to 30 °, which allows to overcome the standard obstacles of the sidewalk or stair step type and offers a tilt of the chair relative to the comfortable horizontal for l 'user.
- H (q) being the mass matrix
- F (q, q) including the coefficients of friction f
- G (q) representing the gravity matrix
- the nonlinearities are included in the interpolation functions ⁇ ,. ( ⁇ ( ⁇ )).
- the state vector x (t) includes at least the chair tilt angle variables, the wheel angle and their derivatives. For example: x - ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ y
- the state vector x (t) may contain additional terms, such as disturbance estimates.
- ⁇ (t) is dependent, linearly or otherwise, on the state variables x (t) or on external parameters such as in particular the mass, the inertia or the geometry of the system.
- the angle ⁇ is for example measured by a gyro mechanically secured to the frame of the chair.
- the wheelchair position "two wheels” can be advantageously controlled by a control member of the joystick type without other movements from the user who can remain comfortably seated in his chair.
- Figure 5 illustrates the system servo loop to ensure operation in all modes, in "two-wheel” position at equilibrium with a desired travel speed, "four-wheel” mode, mode “Assistance” and the passages between these modes.
- the movement instructions are only given by the command, a joystick for example.
- This control loop with the gyroscope and the adapted interfaces is the stabilization system of the chair in position, or mode, "two wheels” in “assistance mode” and switching between modes.
- the servo loop is implemented by a program, called gyro stabilization program, activated or deactivated by an external control signal.
- control transmits a speed reference wheel rotation ⁇ ref and rotation angle in the horizontal plane ⁇ ⁇ / .
- the speed reference is integrated with respect to time and thus transformed into a rotation angle setpoint 0 ref .
- the control law is calculated from the nonlinear model described above taking into account the different modes of operation.
- the setting in two-wheel mode and the return to four-wheel mode involves non-linear terms that are no longer compatible with linearization valid only for small angles.
- the control law implemented not only advantageously allows these four-wheel transitions with respect to two wheels and two wheels with respect to four wheels but also the propulsion by a caregiver, a third person, which modifies the behavior of the balance and must therefore be taken into account.
- changes of mode between two and / or four wheels and assistance to the caregiver are taken into account safely and smoothly in both directions.
- control law can be either nonlinear, of the Parallel Distributed Compensation type for example:
- p j (t) represents the mode of operation or the transition between the modes: two wheels with respect to four wheels, four wheels relative to two wheels, two wheels or four wheels;
- 0 re f is the time integral of the rotational speed reference of said driving wheels (1);
- these laws may include a state observer 52 making it possible to reconstruct unmeasured variables and / or to estimate external disturbances.
- x (i) and / or ⁇ (t) respectively by their estimates x ⁇ t) and z (t).
- the synthesis of these correctors, plus the observers, calls in particular on the advanced techniques of the automatic, for example Linear Matrix Inequalities, H syntheses, H ⁇ , so-called high gain techniques, algebraic methods. In any case, they provide evidence of stability and robustness in all modes of operation while ensuring energy and time performance and passages between safe and comfortable modes for the user, smoothly.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example of possible servocontrol, where the system is slaved to rotational speed, itself integrated into an angle setpoint.
- the servo system can also enslave the system on engine torque instructions. It is also possible to control the control voltage applied to the drive motors of the wheels.
- the equilibrium angle ⁇ 0 is determined a priori. In all cases, the servo system is able to compensate for any possible difference in system resulting from the change of position of balance due to the movements of the user, the state of the road or the drift of the sensors.
- This equilibrium value corresponds to an inclination of the chair where the center of gravity CG meets the vertical axis 41 passing through the axis of the driving wheels 1.
- This angle ⁇ 0 can therefore be estimated a priori. Knowing the mechanical parameters and dimensions of the chair can reliably calculate the coordinates of the center of gravity CG in a reference linked to the chair, retaining a mean weight and morphology standard for the user. If necessary, the coordinates of the center of gravity can be calculated beforehand according to the weight and the morphology of the user,
- Activation of the "two-wheel” mode can be done on the flat by the user in the easiest possible way, by activating a command such as a button or navigating in a menu.
- An initialization instruction of the servocontrol mode "two wheels” is then sent to the gyro stabilization program.
- There are several ways to get to the equilibrium position In a first mode, it is a third person who inclines the chair. In a second mode, the equilibrium maneuver is performed in an automated manner provided the necessary space and the user follows a number of instructions.
- the system is programmed to return to the "four wheel” position at any time, especially if there is any risk to the user.
- the transition to the "four wheel” position is simple.
- the stabilization program is stopped and a horizontal return sequence is applied. It is a matter of applying a significant acceleration to the two engines towards the rear during a determined time, which forces the wheelchair to tilt forwards and to land on the front wheels 5. It is also possible to apply this sequence back to the horizontal before stopping the stabilization program and program this algorithm to stop the signal if the angle ⁇ becomes too large, it is also possible that a third person stops the mode "two wheels" while holding the chair.
- This movement of flip-flop is detected by the gyroscope.
- a sudden change of forward tilt is then interpreted as a two-wheel mode off signal.
- a tilting of the wheelchair to the rear, caused by a third person or by the user, detected by the gyroscope is interpreted as a two-wheel mode activation signal.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of use of a "two-wheel" mode where the user and his wheelchair descend a ramp 61, for example an embankment or a sloping track.
- the drive torques of the wheels are always controlled so as to maintain the chair in equilibrium, that is to say by maintaining the center of gravity CG on the vertical axis 43 passing through the axis of the wheels, the inclination the chair being stabilized around the equilibrium angle ⁇ 0 relative to the horizontal 41.
- the user descends the slope 51 on his chair safely, without risk of tipping forward.
- Another advantage of the "two-wheel" mode is also better maneuverability, especially for changes of direction as the ground contact area is reduced, since it is based on two wheels instead of the four wheels for a conventional wheelchair. .
- the change of direction is effected by acting on the driving torques to obtain the orientation angle ⁇ according to the equations above.
- the invention can be implemented in the form of a kit for equipping manual wheelchairs or directly equiping an all-electric wheelchair, but also for equipping rolling systems such as transport equipment, particularly of a person, such as a stretcher, a trolley or a bed for example. In the rest of the description, the kit is applied to a wheelchair.
- the kit includes at least the following elements, which are removable in a kit version and are an integral part of an all-electric chair version:
- a gyroscope for measuring the angle of inclination of the chair relative to the horizontal, the gyroscope being fixed on the chassis of the chair;
- a central unit including processing means for implementing the stabilization program for the two-wheel mode, but also the torque calculations to be applied for the four-wheel mode and calculating and generating the control signal driving couples.
- the motors are for example of the brushless motor type, also called “brushless” or DC motors.
- the kit also includes a battery supplying electrical power to the motors and the central unit.
- a battery supplying electrical power to the motors and the central unit.
- a not shown inverter is coupled to each motor to transform the DC voltage supplied by the battery into AC voltage.
- This inverter can be placed at the level of the motors or at the level of the support of the battery in the case of use of a motor of the "brushless" type.
- the control interface is for example of the joystick type or any manual control device.
- the control interface can also take the form of navigation within a menu, including the transition to two-wheel mode.
- This controller sends a signal to the central unit containing control or mode information.
- This signal can indeed contain the "two-wheel” mode information, in which case the central unit activates the stabilization algorithm.
- the control signal can also be stop information mode "two wheels", or a speed information or rotation to the right or left in particular.
- the central unit activates or deactivates the stabilization program, or sends a torque command to each motor.
- the central unit also receives the angle measurement information ⁇ ⁇ provided by the gyroscope, this information being used as one of the input signals of the stabilization program. More particularly, knowing the estimated value ⁇ of the equilibrium angle, the value ⁇ of the angle of inclination with respect to this equilibrium angle is obtained by the relation:
- the central unit comprises calculating means for calculating the driving torque to be applied making it possible to obtain the speed of movement of the chair and to stabilize the inclination of the chair around the equilibrium angle ⁇ 0 , these calculation means implementing the stabilization program.
- This enslavement uses advanced techniques of automatic according to the knowledge of the skilled person.
- the drive motors of the wheels can be slaved into torque, speed or tension depending on the angle of inclination, or rotation, of the chair relative to the horizontal, this angle being calculated using the gyroscope.
- the same housing that can be attached to the chassis of the chair can contain the gyroscope and the central unit, which is implanted with digital and analog circuits on one or more cards.
- the central unit comprises the circuits necessary for the calculations, possibly interface means with the equipment to be controlled, in particular the motors.
- the interface means include, for example, amplifiers for amplifying low level signals as well as analog-to-digital or digital-to-analog conversion circuits for processing the received signals and sending the control signals.
- the kit must also allow the user to move in a conventional mode, on all four wheels, with assisted propulsion.
- the means for calculating the driving torques do not deal with the inclination.
- the calculation algorithm can be the same as in the "two-wheel" mode, the angle ⁇ 0 being taken as 0.
- a command for example a switch, makes it possible to switch from conventional propulsion to "two-wheel” mode or by navigation in a menu as indicated above.
- the control law implemented allows these four-wheel transitions with respect to two wheels and two wheels compared to four wheels, but also the propulsion by a caregiver.
- changes of mode between two and / or four wheels and assistance to the caregiver are taken into account safely and smoothly in both directions.
- the "two wheels" mode is intended to be installed on an all-electric wheelchair, some adaptations are necessary to integrate this new mode of operation to an existing solution.
- a gyroscope must be added to measure the angle of inclination of the chair and to implement calculation and interface means that allow the stabilization program to be carried out.
- the invention has been described for a wheelchair with four wheels including two driving wheels.
- the invention can of course be applied to a chair with a different number of wheels.
- the invention applies to a wheelchair having at least three wheels including two driving wheels.
- the "four-wheel” mode described above is then in this case an "all-wheel” mode.
- This "all-wheel” mode corresponds to the chair's naturally stable position and mode of movement, in particular when it rests on all its wheels, the "two-wheel” mode being a position which is not naturally stable and which is maintained thanks to the enslavement.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1454449A FR3020942A1 (fr) | 2014-05-19 | 2014-05-19 | Procede de propulsion d'un fauteuil roulant, kit et fauteuil mettant en œuvre un tel procede. |
| PCT/EP2015/061030 WO2015177173A1 (fr) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-05-19 | Procede de propulsion d'un fauteuil roulant, kit et fauteuil mettant en oeuvre un tel procede |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3145467A1 true EP3145467A1 (fr) | 2017-03-29 |
Family
ID=51261082
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15725553.0A Withdrawn EP3145467A1 (fr) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-05-19 | Procede de propulsion d'un fauteuil roulant, kit et fauteuil mettant en oeuvre un tel procede |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10252638B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3145467A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3020942A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015177173A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3020942A1 (fr) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-11-20 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de propulsion d'un fauteuil roulant, kit et fauteuil mettant en œuvre un tel procede. |
| CN107757795A (zh) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-03-06 | 南阳师范学院 | 一种基于myRIO平台的自平衡小车控制系统及方法 |
| US20210212871A1 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-15 | Michele Marie Klein | Folding electric wheelchair |
| FR3146271A1 (fr) | 2023-03-01 | 2024-09-06 | Solmob | procédé de propulsion pour fauteuil roulant, kit et fauteuil mettant en œuvre un tel procédé |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6443250B1 (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 2002-09-03 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Control of a balancing personal vehicle |
| US6311794B1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 2001-11-06 | Deka Products Limited Partneship | System and method for stair climbing in a cluster-wheel vehicle |
| US6003624A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1999-12-21 | University Of Washington | Stabilizing wheeled passenger carrier capable of traversing stairs |
| US6547026B2 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2003-04-15 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Safety separation system |
| ATE300932T1 (de) * | 1999-03-15 | 2005-08-15 | Deka Products Lp | Steuerungssystem und -verfahren für rollstühle |
| AU2003237536A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-22 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Hybrid human/electric powered vehicle |
| US7182166B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2007-02-27 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Footrest tuck mechanism |
| US7403844B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-07-22 | Invacare Corporation | Method and apparatus for programming parameters of a power driven wheelchair for a plurality of drive settings |
| JP4802622B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-06 | 2011-10-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 走行体および走行体の動作調節方法 |
| JP2008263676A (ja) * | 2007-04-10 | 2008-10-30 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | 自走車とその制御装置及び制御方法 |
| WO2010056193A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | Zouce Ab | Appareil de transport et procédé de transport d’une charge utile dans un plan désiré indépendamment de l'inclinaison 3d dudit appareil |
| JP2015047986A (ja) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-16 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 階段昇降機 |
| FR3020942A1 (fr) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-11-20 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de propulsion d'un fauteuil roulant, kit et fauteuil mettant en œuvre un tel procede. |
-
2014
- 2014-05-19 FR FR1454449A patent/FR3020942A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-05-19 WO PCT/EP2015/061030 patent/WO2015177173A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-05-19 EP EP15725553.0A patent/EP3145467A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-05-19 US US15/311,769 patent/US10252638B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2015177173A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10252638B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 |
| FR3020942A1 (fr) | 2015-11-20 |
| WO2015177173A1 (fr) | 2015-11-26 |
| US20170088014A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
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