EP3143105A1 - Process for injecting biomethane into a natural gas network - Google Patents

Process for injecting biomethane into a natural gas network

Info

Publication number
EP3143105A1
EP3143105A1 EP15725844.3A EP15725844A EP3143105A1 EP 3143105 A1 EP3143105 A1 EP 3143105A1 EP 15725844 A EP15725844 A EP 15725844A EP 3143105 A1 EP3143105 A1 EP 3143105A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
network
biomethane
value
nitrogen
membrane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP15725844.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guénaël PRINCE
Golo Zick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of EP3143105A1 publication Critical patent/EP3143105A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
    • C10L3/103—Sulfur containing contaminants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
    • C10L3/104—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
    • C10L2290/141—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of additive or catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
    • C10L2290/143—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C10L2290/542—Adsorption of impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C10L2290/547—Filtration for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/58—Control or regulation of the fuel preparation of upgrading process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biomethane injection process in a type B natural gas network and its corresponding installation.
  • Biogas contains mainly methane (CH 4) carbon dioxide (C0 2), but also water, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and other organic compounds.
  • Biogas can, after a light treatment, be upgraded near the production site to provide heat, electricity or a mixture of both (cogeneration); the high content of carbon dioxide reduces its calorific value, increases the compression and transport costs and limits the economic interest of its valuation to this use of proximity.
  • Biomethane thus completes the natural gas resources with a renewable part produced in the heart of the territories. It is usable for exactly the same uses.
  • the injection of biomethane produced is in full swing.
  • two types of natural gas networks exist: the type H network (high calorific value) and the type B network (low calorific value).
  • the biogas purification plants produce a biomethane containing 2.5 mol% of C0 2 in CH4 mainly, with thus a higher heating value and a Wobbe index too high to be injected into the type B networks.
  • a solution of the present invention is a method of injecting biomethane into a network having a higher heating value of X value between XI and X2, comprising the injection of nitrogen into the biomethane network before the injection of biomethane into the network having a higher heating value of X value so as to lower the heating value of the biomethane network to a value between XI and X2, with the nitrogen from the retentate of at least one membrane stage.
  • a particular solution of the invention is a method for injecting biomethane into a type B natural gas network, comprising the injection of nitrogen into the biomethane network before the injection of biomethane into the natural gas network. in order to lower the higher heating value of the biomethane network to a value of between 9.5 and 10.5 kWh / Nm 3 , with the nitrogen resulting from the retentate of at least one membrane.
  • the method according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the membrane stage is supplied with air coming from a network internal to the process or from an air compressor; and controlling the amount of nitrogen injected into the biomethane network via a control valve located on the feed of the membrane stage or by adjusting the production capacity of the air compressor.
  • a control valve located on the feed of the membrane stage or by adjusting the production capacity of the air compressor.
  • the set point of the nitrogen flow rate to be injected is calculated knowing the methane content in the natural gas, as well as its flow rate, these two parameters making it possible to deduce the PCS from the gas when the CH4 is the only fuel present.
  • internal network is preferably meant air used for the operation of instruments used in the process such as valves; we can also speak of "air instrument”;
  • the gaseous flow passing through the membrane stage is dry air so that the nitrogen, retentate of the membrane stage, mixed with the biomethane meets the specifications of the network having a heating value greater than X value; and deoiled at a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure of the biomethane network, generally between 5 and 15 bar.
  • the air is dewatered so as to have a dew point in water of less than -5 ° C at the maximum pressure of the injection network; the purity of the nitrogen injected into the biomethane network is checked by means of an analysis of the oxygen concentration in the nitrogen retentate, or by a measurement of the pressure of the retentate.
  • control loop whose actuator is a control valve installed on the retentate of the membrane, with the control valve making it possible to adjust the operating pressure of the membrane.
  • An oxygen analyzer located on the nitrogen retentate controls the purity and is the measure of the control loop. The purity of oxygen can also be deduced by measuring the pressure of the retentate. The measurement of the regulation loop is then constituted by a pressure sensor.
  • the membrane from which the nitrogen-enriched retentate is derived also produces a stream enriched with oxygen.
  • the stream enriched with oxygen is injected into a digester producing biogas or upstream of activated carbon filters of a biogas purification unit.
  • digester is meant an anaerobic production of biogas. This oxygen enriched flow injection facilitates the desulphurization of the biogas inside the digesters, or when the enriched oxygen flow is injected into a biogas purification unit it facilitates the abatement of the H2S by activated carbons. .
  • the present invention also relates to a biomethane injection system in a network having a higher heating value of value X, comprising:
  • a particular installation according to the invention is a biomethane injection plant in a type B natural gas network, comprising:
  • the installation according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
  • said installation comprises an oxygen concentration analyzer located on the retentate of the membrane upstream of the first injection point; a pressure sensor located on the retentate of the membrane upstream of the first injection means, and a control valve located on the retentate of the membrane downstream of the analyzer and upstream of the first injection means.
  • said installation comprises a regulating valve on the feed rate of the membrane.
  • the compressed air production system successively comprises in the air flow direction an air inlet, an air compressor, a compressed gas cooling system, a condensate separator, an activated carbon filter. to remove the residual oil particles, a particulate filter to remove the activated carbon particles, a dryer and a compressed air storage tank.
  • Figure 1 shows an installation according to the invention when the air used to produce the nitrogen is taken on an instrument air network.
  • FIG. 2 represents an installation according to the invention when the air used to produce the nitrogen is produced by a dedicated compressor.
  • the air flow 1 feeds a membrane stage consisting of one or more membranes in parallel 2 and allowing the production of nitrogen under pressure.
  • a retentate 3 enriched in nitrogen is recovered from the membrane.
  • the retentate passes into an analyzer 4 measuring the oxygen concentration and the purity of the nitrogen injected into the biomethane network 6 is controlled via a control valve 5.
  • the nitrogen flow rate product is controlled by adjusting the air flow entering the membrane stage, either through a control valve 16 (FIG. 1) or by adjusting the production capacity of the air compressor 17 (FIG. 2); a flow meter and a CH 4 analyzer on the biomethane make it possible to check that the PCS complies with the injection specification.
  • Figure 3 details what can be the air production system: the air can be compressed at a pressure greater than 5 bar in an air compressor 7, and then cooled 8. The air flow thus compressed and cooled is introduced into a condensate separator 9, before passing successively into an adsorber 10 comprising activated carbon so as to remove the residual oil particles and in a particle filter 11 so as to remove the active carbon particles. A stream of purified compressed air is then recovered which can be stored before feeding the membrane 2.
  • Tables 1 and 2 below illustrate the need for nitrogen injection to comply with biomethane injection specification from the point of view of PCS and Wobbe index in gas networks B:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

A process for injecting biomethane into a network which has a gross calorific value of value X between XI and X2, comprising the injection of nitrogen into the biomethane network before the injection of the biomethane into the network which has a gross calorific value of value X so as to reduce the calorific value of the biomethane network to a value between XI and X2, with the nitrogen derived from the retentate of at least one membrane stage.

Description

Procédé d'injection de biométhane dans un réseau de gaz naturel  Method of injecting biomethane into a natural gas network
La présente invention concerne un procédé d'injection de biométhane dans un réseau de gaz naturel de type B et son installation correspondante. The present invention relates to a biomethane injection process in a type B natural gas network and its corresponding installation.
Le biogaz contient majoritairement du méthane (CH4) du dioxyde de carbone (C02), mais également de l'eau, de l'azote, de l'hydrogène sulfuré, de l'oxygène, ainsi que des composés organiques autres. Biogas contains mainly methane (CH 4) carbon dioxide (C0 2), but also water, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and other organic compounds.
Il est indispensable de développer différentes valorisations du biogaz pour répondre aux problématiques engendrées par le réchauffement climatique, tant global qu'à l'échelle régionale ainsi que pour accroître l'indépendance énergétique des territoires qui le produisent. Le biogaz peut, après un traitement léger, être valorisé à proximité du site de production pour fournir de la chaleur, de l'électricité ou un mélange des deux (la cogénération) ; la teneur importante en dioxyde de carbone réduit son pouvoir calorifique, augmente les coûts de compression et de transport et limite l'intérêt économique de sa valorisation à cette utilisation de proximité.  It is essential to develop different biogas upgrades to respond to the problems caused by global warming, both globally and regionally, as well as to increase the energy independence of the territories that produce it. Biogas can, after a light treatment, be upgraded near the production site to provide heat, electricity or a mixture of both (cogeneration); the high content of carbon dioxide reduces its calorific value, increases the compression and transport costs and limits the economic interest of its valuation to this use of proximity.
Une purification plus poussée du biogaz permet de l'utiliser plus largement.  Further purification of the biogas makes it possible to use it more widely.
En particulier, une purification plus poussée du biogaz permet d'obtenir un biogaz épuré aux spécifications du gaz naturel ; ce biogaz très purifié est appelé « biométhane ». Le biométhane complète ainsi les ressources de gaz naturel avec une partie renouvelable produite au c ur des territoires. Il est utilisable pour exactement les mêmes usages. In particular, a further purification of the biogas makes it possible to obtain a biogas purified to the specifications of the natural gas; this highly purified biogas is called "biomethane". Biomethane thus completes the natural gas resources with a renewable part produced in the heart of the territories. It is usable for exactly the same uses.
L'injection de biométhane produit est en plein essor. Or, en France par exemple, deux types de réseaux de gaz naturel existent : le réseau de type H (haut pouvoir calorifique) et le réseau de type B (bas pouvoir calorifique). Les unités d'épuration de biogaz produisent un biométhane contenant 2,5% molaire de C02 dans du CH4 principalement, avec de ce fait un pouvoir calorifique supérieur et un indice de Wobbe trop élevés pour être injecté dans les réseaux de type B. The injection of biomethane produced is in full swing. However, in France for example, two types of natural gas networks exist: the type H network (high calorific value) and the type B network (low calorific value). The biogas purification plants produce a biomethane containing 2.5 mol% of C0 2 in CH4 mainly, with thus a higher heating value and a Wobbe index too high to be injected into the type B networks.
Dès lors, un problème qui se pose est de fournir un procédé amélioré d'injection de biométhane dans le réseau de gaz naturel. Une solution de la présente invention est un procédé d'injection de biométhane dans un réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X comprise entre XI et X2, comprenant l'injection d'azote dans le réseau de biométhane avant l'injection du biométhane dans le réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X de manière à abaisser le pouvoir calorifique du réseau de biométhane à une valeur comprise entre XI et X2, avec l'azote issu du rétentat d'au moins un étage membranaire. Therefore, a problem is to provide an improved method of injecting biomethane into the natural gas network. A solution of the present invention is a method of injecting biomethane into a network having a higher heating value of X value between XI and X2, comprising the injection of nitrogen into the biomethane network before the injection of biomethane into the network having a higher heating value of X value so as to lower the heating value of the biomethane network to a value between XI and X2, with the nitrogen from the retentate of at least one membrane stage.
Une solution particulière de l'invention est un procédé d'injection de biométhane dans un réseau de gaz naturel de type B, comprenant l'injection d'azote dans le réseau de biométhane avant l'injection du biométhane dans le réseau de gaz naturel de manière à abaisser le pouvoir calorifique supérieur du réseau de biométhane à une valeur comprise entre 9,5 et 10,5 kWh/Nm3, avec l'azote issu du rétentat d'au moins une membrane. A particular solution of the invention is a method for injecting biomethane into a type B natural gas network, comprising the injection of nitrogen into the biomethane network before the injection of biomethane into the natural gas network. in order to lower the higher heating value of the biomethane network to a value of between 9.5 and 10.5 kWh / Nm 3 , with the nitrogen resulting from the retentate of at least one membrane.
Selon le cas, le procédé selon l'invention peut présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :  Depending on the case, the method according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
- l'étage membranaire est alimenté par de l'air issu d'un réseau interne au procédé ou issu d'un compresseur d'air ; et l'on contrôle la quantité d'azote injectée dans le réseau de biométhane via une vanne de régulation située sur l'alimentation de l'étage membranaire ou via l'ajustement de la capacité de production du compresseur d'air. Dans le cas où une vanne de régulation est utilisée, la consigne du débit d'azote à injecter est calculée connaissant la teneur en méthane dans le gaz naturel, ainsi que son débit, ces deux paramètres permettant de déduire le PCS du gaz lorsque le CH4 est le seul combustible présent. Par « réseau interne » on entend de préférence de l'air utilisé pour le fonctionnement d'instruments mis en uvre dans le procédé tel que les vannes ; on peut parler également « d'air instrument » ;  the membrane stage is supplied with air coming from a network internal to the process or from an air compressor; and controlling the amount of nitrogen injected into the biomethane network via a control valve located on the feed of the membrane stage or by adjusting the production capacity of the air compressor. In the case where a control valve is used, the set point of the nitrogen flow rate to be injected is calculated knowing the methane content in the natural gas, as well as its flow rate, these two parameters making it possible to deduce the PCS from the gas when the CH4 is the only fuel present. By "internal network" is preferably meant air used for the operation of instruments used in the process such as valves; we can also speak of "air instrument";
- le flux gazeux passant à travers l'étage membranaire est de l'air asséché de manière à ce que l'azote, rétentat de l'étage membranaire, mélangé au biométhane respecte les spécifications du réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X ; et déshuilé à une pression supérieure ou égale à la pression du réseau de biométhane, en général comprise entre 5 et 15 bar. En général, l'air est asséché de manière à présenter un point de rosée en eau inférieur à - 5°C à la pression maximale du réseau d'injection ; - l'on contrôle la pureté de l'azote injecté dans le réseau de biométhane via une analyse de la concentration en oxygène dans le rétentat d'azote, ou par une mesure de la pression du rétentat. Pour cela, on utilise de préférence une boucle de régulation dont l'actionneur est une vanne de régulation installée sur le rétentat de la membrane, avec la vanne de régulation permettant d'ajuster la pression opératoire de la membrane. Un analyseur d'oxygène situé sur le rétentat d'azote permet de contrôler la pureté et constitue la mesure de la boucle de régulation. La pureté en oxygène peut aussi être déduite par la mesure de la pression du rétentat. La mesure de la boucle de régulation est alors constituée par un capteur de pression.the gaseous flow passing through the membrane stage is dry air so that the nitrogen, retentate of the membrane stage, mixed with the biomethane meets the specifications of the network having a heating value greater than X value; and deoiled at a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure of the biomethane network, generally between 5 and 15 bar. In general, the air is dewatered so as to have a dew point in water of less than -5 ° C at the maximum pressure of the injection network; the purity of the nitrogen injected into the biomethane network is checked by means of an analysis of the oxygen concentration in the nitrogen retentate, or by a measurement of the pressure of the retentate. For this purpose, it is preferable to use a control loop whose actuator is a control valve installed on the retentate of the membrane, with the control valve making it possible to adjust the operating pressure of the membrane. An oxygen analyzer located on the nitrogen retentate controls the purity and is the measure of the control loop. The purity of oxygen can also be deduced by measuring the pressure of the retentate. The measurement of the regulation loop is then constituted by a pressure sensor.
- la membrane dont est issu le rétentat enrichi en azote produit également un flux enrichi en oxygène. the membrane from which the nitrogen-enriched retentate is derived also produces a stream enriched with oxygen.
- le flux enrichi en oxygène est injecté dans un digesteur produisant du biogaz ou en amont de filtres à charbons actifs d'une unité d'épuration de biogaz. Par « digesteur» on entend une production anaérobie de biogaz. Cette injection de flux enrichi en oxygène facilite la désulfuration du biogaz à l'intérieur même des digesteurs, ou lorsque le flux enrichi en oxygène est injecté dans une unité d'épuration de biogaz il facilite l'abattement de l'H2S par les charbons actifs.  the stream enriched with oxygen is injected into a digester producing biogas or upstream of activated carbon filters of a biogas purification unit. By "digester" is meant an anaerobic production of biogas. This oxygen enriched flow injection facilitates the desulphurization of the biogas inside the digesters, or when the enriched oxygen flow is injected into a biogas purification unit it facilitates the abatement of the H2S by activated carbons. .
La présente invention a également pour objet une installation d'injection de biométhane dans un réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X, comprenant :  The present invention also relates to a biomethane injection system in a network having a higher heating value of value X, comprising:
- une unité de production de biométhane ;  - a biomethane production unit;
- un réseau de biométhane ; - a biomethane network;
- un réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X ;  a network having a heating value of greater than X value;
- une membrane sélective à l'azote, permettant la production d'un rétentat enrichi en azote à partir d'un flux d'air ;  a nitrogen-selective membrane, allowing the production of a retentate enriched in nitrogen from an air stream;
- un système de production d'air à une pression supérieure ou égale à la pression du réseau de biométhane ;  a system for producing air at a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure of the biomethane network;
- un premier moyen d'injection du rétentat de la membrane dans le réseau de biométhane ; a first means for injecting the retentate of the membrane into the biomethane network;
- un deuxième moyen d'injection du biométhane issu du réseau de biométhane dans le réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X, avec le deuxième moyen d'injection en aval du premier moyen d'injection suivant le sens de circulation du biométhane dans le réseau de biométhane. a second means of injecting biomethane from the biomethane network into the network having a heating value of greater than X value, with the second injection means downstream of the first injection means in the direction of circulation of the biomethane in the biomethane network.
Une installation particulière selon l'invention est une installation d'injection de biométhane dans un réseau de gaz naturel de type B, comprenant :  A particular installation according to the invention is a biomethane injection plant in a type B natural gas network, comprising:
- une unité de production de biométhane ; - a biomethane production unit;
- un réseau de biométhane ;  - a biomethane network;
- un réseau de gaz naturel de type B ;  - a type B natural gas network;
- une membrane sélective à l'azote, permettant la production d'un rétentat enrichi en azote à partir d'un flux d'air ;  a nitrogen-selective membrane, allowing the production of a retentate enriched in nitrogen from an air stream;
- un système de production d'air à une pression supérieure ou égale à la pression du réseau de biométhane ; a system for producing air at a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure of the biomethane network;
-un premier moyen d'injection du rétentat de la membrane dans le réseau de biométhane ; a first means for injecting the retentate of the membrane into the biomethane network;
- un deuxième moyen d'injection du biométhane issu du réseau de biométhane dans le réseau de gaz naturel de type B, a second means of injecting biomethane from the biomethane network into the natural gas network of type B,
avec le deuxième moyen d'injection en aval du premier moyen d'injection suivant le sens de circulation du biométhane dans le réseau de biométhane. with the second injection means downstream of the first injection means in the direction of circulation of the biomethane in the biomethane network.
Selon le cas, l'installation selon l'invention peut présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques ci-dessous :  Depending on the case, the installation according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
- ladite installation comprend un analyseur de concentration en oxygène situé sur le rétentat de la membrane en amont du premier point d'injection ; un capteur de pression situé sur le rétentat de la membrane en amont du premier moyen d'injection, et une vanne de régulation située sur le rétentat de la membrane en aval de l'analyseur et en amont du premier moyen d'injection.  said installation comprises an oxygen concentration analyzer located on the retentate of the membrane upstream of the first injection point; a pressure sensor located on the retentate of the membrane upstream of the first injection means, and a control valve located on the retentate of the membrane downstream of the analyzer and upstream of the first injection means.
- ladite installation comprend une vanne de régulation sur le débit d'alimentation de la membrane.  said installation comprises a regulating valve on the feed rate of the membrane.
- le système de production d'air comprimé comprend successivement dans le sens de circulation de l'air une arrivée d'air, un compresseur d'air, un système de refroidissement du gaz comprimé, un séparateur de condensais, un filtre à charbon actif permettant d'enlever les particules d'huile résiduelles, un filtre à particules permettant d'enlever les particules de charbon actif, un sécheur et un réservoir de stockage d'air comprimé. - The compressed air production system successively comprises in the air flow direction an air inlet, an air compressor, a compressed gas cooling system, a condensate separator, an activated carbon filter. to remove the residual oil particles, a particulate filter to remove the activated carbon particles, a dryer and a compressed air storage tank.
L'invention va être décrite plus en détail à l'aide des figures 1, 2 et 3. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
La figure 1 représente une installation selon l'invention lorsque l'air utilisé pour produire l'azote est pris sur un réseau d'air instrument.  Figure 1 shows an installation according to the invention when the air used to produce the nitrogen is taken on an instrument air network.
La figure 2 représente une installation selon l'invention lorsque l'air utilisé pour produire l'azote est produit par un compresseur dédié.  FIG. 2 represents an installation according to the invention when the air used to produce the nitrogen is produced by a dedicated compressor.
Dans les 2 cas de figure le flux d'air 1 alimente un étage de membrane constitué d'une ou plusieurs membranes en parallèle 2 et permettant la production de l'azote sous pression. On récupère de la membrane un rétentat 3 enrichi en azote. Selon la quantité d'oxygène tolérée dans le réseau de biométhane, un azote plus ou moins pur est produit. Afin de contrôler cette pureté de l'azote, le rétentat passe dans un analyseur 4 mesurant la concentration en oxygène et la pureté de l'azote injecté dans le réseau de biométhane 6 est contrôlée via une vanne de régulation 5. Le débit d'azote produit est contrôlé 15 en ajustant le débit d'air entrant dans l'étage de membranes, soit par une vanne de régulation 16 (figure 1), soit par ajustement de la capacité de production du compresseur d'air 17 (figure 2); un débitmètre ainsi qu'un analyseur de CH4 sur le biométhane permettent de contrôler que le PCS est conforme à la spécification d'injection. In both cases, the air flow 1 feeds a membrane stage consisting of one or more membranes in parallel 2 and allowing the production of nitrogen under pressure. A retentate 3 enriched in nitrogen is recovered from the membrane. Depending on the amount of oxygen tolerated in the biomethane network, a more or less pure nitrogen is produced. In order to control this purity of the nitrogen, the retentate passes into an analyzer 4 measuring the oxygen concentration and the purity of the nitrogen injected into the biomethane network 6 is controlled via a control valve 5. The nitrogen flow rate product is controlled by adjusting the air flow entering the membrane stage, either through a control valve 16 (FIG. 1) or by adjusting the production capacity of the air compressor 17 (FIG. 2); a flow meter and a CH 4 analyzer on the biomethane make it possible to check that the PCS complies with the injection specification.
La figure 3 détaille ce que peut être le système de production d'air : l'air peut être comprimé à une pression supérieure à 5 bar dans un compresseur d'air 7, puis refroidi 8. Le flux d'air ainsi comprimé et refroidi est introduit dans un séparateur de condensats 9, avant de passer successivement dans un adsorbeur 10 comprenant du charbon actif de manière à éliminer les particules d'huile résiduelles et dans un filtre à particules 11 de manière à éliminer les particules de charbon actif. On récupère ensuite un flux d'air comprimé et purifié qui peut être stocké 12 avant d'alimenter la membrane 2. Les tableaux 1 et 2 ci-dessous illustrent la nécessité d'injection d'azote pour se conformer à spécification d'injection de biométhane du point de vue du PCS et de l'indice de Wobbe dans I réseaux de gaz B : Figure 3 details what can be the air production system: the air can be compressed at a pressure greater than 5 bar in an air compressor 7, and then cooled 8. The air flow thus compressed and cooled is introduced into a condensate separator 9, before passing successively into an adsorber 10 comprising activated carbon so as to remove the residual oil particles and in a particle filter 11 so as to remove the active carbon particles. A stream of purified compressed air is then recovered which can be stored before feeding the membrane 2. Tables 1 and 2 below illustrate the need for nitrogen injection to comply with biomethane injection specification from the point of view of PCS and Wobbe index in gas networks B:
Tableau 1  Table 1
Tableau 2  Table 2

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Procédé d'injection de biométhane issu d'un réseau de biométhane dans un réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X comprise entre XI et X2, comprenant l'injection d'azote dans le réseau de biométhane avant l'injection du biométhane dans le réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X de manière à abaisser le pouvoir calorifique du réseau de biométhane à une valeur comprise entre XI et X2, avec l'azote issu du rétentat d'au moins un étage membranaire. 1. A method of injecting biomethane from a biomethane network in a network having a higher heating value of X value between XI and X2, comprising the injection of nitrogen into the biomethane network before the biomethane injection in the network having a higher heating value of value X so as to lower the heating value of the biomethane network to a value between XI and X2, with the nitrogen from the retentate of at least one membrane stage.
2. Procédé d'injection de biométhane selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X est un réseau de gaz naturel de type B et Xl= 9,5 kWh/Nm3 et X2 = 10,5 kWh/Nm3. 2. biomethane injection process according to claim 1, characterized in that the network having a higher heating value of value X is a type B natural gas network and Xl = 9.5 kWh / Nm 3 and X2 = 10 , 5 kWh / Nm 3 .
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que : 3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that:
- l'étage membranaire est alimenté par de l'air issu d'un réseau interne au procédé ou issu d'un compresseur d'air ; et the membrane stage is supplied with air coming from a network internal to the process or from an air compressor; and
- l'on contrôle la quantité d'azote injectée dans le réseau de biométhane via une vanne de régulation située sur l'alimentation de l'étage membranaire ou via l'ajustement de la capacité de production du compresseur d'air.  the quantity of nitrogen injected into the biomethane network is controlled via a control valve located on the feed of the membrane stage or by adjusting the production capacity of the air compressor.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le flux gazeux passant à travers l'étage membranaire est de l'air : 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gas flow passing through the membrane stage is air:
- asséché de manière à ce que l'azote, rétentat de l'étage membranaire, mélangé au biométhane respecte les spécifications du réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X ; et  - dried so that the nitrogen, retentate of the membrane stage, mixed with the biomethane meets the specifications of the network having a higher heating value of value X; and
- déshuilé à une pression supérieure ou égale à la pression du réseau de biométhane. - Deoiled at a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure of the biomethane network.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on contrôle la pureté de l'azote injecté dans le réseau de biométhane via une analyse de la concentration en oxygène dans le rétentat d'azote, ou par une mesure de la pression du rétentat. 5. Method according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that it controls the purity of the nitrogen injected into the biomethane network via an analysis of the oxygen concentration in the nitrogen retentate, or by a measure of the retentate pressure.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la membrane dont est issu le rétentat enrichi en azote produit également un flux enrichi en oxygène. 6. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the membrane from which the retentate enriched with nitrogen also produces an enriched oxygen stream.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le flux enrichi en oxygène est injecté dans un digesteur produisant du biogaz ou en amont de filtres à charbons actifs d'une unité d'épuration de biogaz. 7. Process according to claim 6, characterized in that the stream enriched with oxygen is injected into a digester producing biogas or upstream of activated carbon filters of a biogas purification unit.
8. Installation d'injection de biométhane dans un réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X, comprenant : 8. Biomethane injection plant in a network having a higher heating value of value X, comprising:
- une unité de production de biométhane permettant d'alimenter le réseau de biométhane ; - a biomethane production unit to supply the biomethane network;
- un réseau de biométhane ; - a biomethane network;
- un réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X ;  a network having a heating value of greater than X value;
- une membrane sélective à l'azote, permettant la production d'un rétentat enrichi en azote à partir d'un flux d'air ;  a nitrogen-selective membrane, allowing the production of a retentate enriched in nitrogen from an air stream;
- un système de production d'air à une pression supérieure ou égale à la pression du réseau de biométhane permettant d'alimenter la membrane sélective à l'azote ;  a system for producing air at a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure of the biomethane network making it possible to feed the selective membrane with nitrogen;
- un premier moyen d'injection du rétentat de la membrane dans le réseau de biométhane ; a first means for injecting the retentate of the membrane into the biomethane network;
- un deuxième moyen d'injection du biométhane issu du réseau de biométhane dans le réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X, a second means of injecting biomethane from the biomethane network into the network having a heating value of greater than X value,
avec le deuxième moyen d'injection en aval du premier moyen d'injection suivant le sens de circulation du biométhane dans le réseau de biométhane. with the second injection means downstream of the first injection means in the direction of circulation of the biomethane in the biomethane network.
9. Installation selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le réseau présentant un pouvoir calorifique supérieur de valeur X est un réseau de gaz naturel de type B. 9. Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the network having a higher heating value of value X is a type B natural gas network.
10. Installation selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que ladite installation comprend : 10. Installation according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that said installation comprises:
- un analyseur de concentration en oxygène situé sur le rétentat de la membrane en amont du premier point d'injection,  an oxygen concentration analyzer located on the retentate of the membrane upstream of the first injection point,
- un capteur de pression situé sur le rétentat de la membrane en amont du premier moyen d'injection, et a pressure sensor located on the retentate of the membrane upstream of the first injection means, and
- une vanne de régulation située sur le rétentat de la membrane en aval de l'analyseur et en amont du premier moyen d'injection.  a control valve located on the retentate of the membrane downstream of the analyzer and upstream of the first injection means.
11. Installation selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que ladite installation comprend une vanne de régulation sur le débit d'alimentation de la membrane. 11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that said installation comprises a control valve on the feed rate of the membrane.
12. Installation selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisée en ce que le système de production d'air comprimé comprend successivement dans le sens de circulation de l'air : 12. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the compressed air production system comprises successively in the direction of air flow:
- une arrivée d'air, - an air supply,
- un compresseur d'air,  - an air compressor,
- un système de refroidissement du gaz comprimé,  a compressed gas cooling system,
- un séparateur de condensais,  a condensate separator,
- un filtre à charbon actif permettant d'enlever les particules d'huile résiduelles,  an activated carbon filter for removing residual oil particles,
- un filtre à particules permettant d'enlever les particules de charbon actif, a particle filter enabling the particles of activated carbon to be removed,
- un sécheur,  - a dryer,
- un réservoir de stockage d'air comprimé.  - a compressed air storage tank.
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