EP3141619A1 - Method and device for adjusting a mechanical property of a workpiece made from steel - Google Patents
Method and device for adjusting a mechanical property of a workpiece made from steel Download PDFInfo
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- EP3141619A1 EP3141619A1 EP16185801.4A EP16185801A EP3141619A1 EP 3141619 A1 EP3141619 A1 EP 3141619A1 EP 16185801 A EP16185801 A EP 16185801A EP 3141619 A1 EP3141619 A1 EP 3141619A1
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- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- mechanical property
- temperature control
- tool
- value
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for adjusting a mechanical property of a workpiece made of steel.
- the invention also relates to a tool for setting a mechanical property of a workpiece made of steel, wherein the workpiece is a heavy plate or a workpiece produced therefrom, in particular for carrying out a method according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a workpiece, in particular body component.
- Partial press-hardening is based on the principle that the workpiece previously heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature is strongly cooled in the forming tool with the exception of one or more individual regions, in particular using a cooling device in the form of cooling channels in the die and the punch of the forming tool. Due to the rapid cooling, the microstructure at these points is completely converted into martensite and thus fully press-hardened.
- a corresponding method for hot forming and a corresponding forming tool is for example from DE 10 2006 019 395 A1 known.
- a method and a corresponding forming tool for partial press hardening of a workpiece is known, which is based on the principle after compression of the punch and die directly apart a movable die part and an opposite die part apart, so that for the cooling process, a corresponding region of the formed Workpiece is not in contact with the tool components (die, punch), but is exposed to the ambient air.
- the formed workpiece is slowly cooled on both sides slowly over the air, whereas the adjacent portions, which are still in contact with the tool components in the compressed state, are rapidly cooled by a cooling device in the form of cooling channels in the die and die ,
- the rapid cooling also leads here to a complete transformation of the microstructure into martensite.
- the slowly cooled areas of the workpiece are not converted here either.
- a B-pillar can be made of a monolithic sheet, the upper portion being cooled extremely rapidly during forming to form a martensitic structure, and the lower portion is heated to form a ferritic-bainitic structure ,
- the B-pillar thus receives in its lower region a high elongation at break at the expense of strength and in its upper region a high strength at the expense of breaking elongation.
- the properties can be better adjusted to the desired functionality in the vehicle during a side crash.
- a disadvantage of the prior art described above, however, is that the forming tools are constructed relatively complex and despite the partial press-hardening continue to have limited options for adjusting the workpiece properties.
- the object is achieved in a generic method in that the workpiece is a plate or a workpiece produced therefrom, wherein the workpiece is heated, and wherein the heated workpiece on a first side of the workpiece and on a first side opposite the second side of the workpiece at least in sections via a corresponding tool, in particular a tool according to the invention, is tempered, so that the mechanical property is adjusted so that the value of the mechanical property varies at least in sections over the thickness of the workpiece.
- the heated workpiece is tempered at least in sections on opposite sides of the workpiece, mechanical properties of the workpiece can be adjusted in a targeted manner over the thickness of the workpiece.
- an adaptation of the workpiece properties to the requirements can be achieved in a simple manner, even with monolithic workpieces having essentially homogeneous mechanical properties.
- the method can be combined with the methods described at the outset, ie the value of the mechanical property over the thickness of the workpiece can be adjusted not only globally on the entire workpiece but also only partially or locally in certain areas of the workpiece.
- the targeted setting of a mechanical property along the thickness of the workpiece can take place via the process parameters.
- the mechanical property no longer needs to be determined in advance about the material quality or material thickness of the workpiece, but can also be subsequently adjusted over the thickness of the workpiece.
- Such process parameters are, for example, the temperature of the heated workpiece, the temperature reached by the temperature of the workpiece, the temperature profile of the workpiece reached, the temperature of the temperature control or the guard time (for example, from a few seconds to 60 seconds) of the tool used, to some examples call.
- Heavy plates in the present case are understood in particular to be plates having a thickness of at least 3 mm or preferably more than 3 mm.
- the workpiece is in particular a monolithic sheet.
- the workpiece is for example a circuit board.
- the board is a form board. This does not need to be further tailored. But it is also conceivable that the workpiece is already at least partially reshaped workpiece.
- the mechanical property to be adjusted may be, for example, hardness, strength, in particular tensile strength and compressive strength, elasticity, toughness and / or ductility.
- a temperature control is understood in particular the targeted control of the temperature.
- a temperature deviating from the ambient temperature is set.
- the tempering of the workpiece can be done for example by an active or passive temperature.
- the adjustment of the mechanical property takes place with or without deformation of the workpiece.
- two tempered plates can be used as tool components for tempering a board.
- the tool can be easily configured.
- the board can then be reshaped afterwards.
- the adjustment of the mechanical properties in the context of a (direct) hot working or press hardening can take place.
- the integration into press hardening integrates the adjustment of the mechanical properties process-economically into the production of a component.
- the workpiece is then tempered and shaped, for example, by a tool comprising punch and die. If the heating and tempering of the workpiece associated with a forming to a press hardening, there is also the advantage that a risk of confusion of the workpiece sides can not arise because the workpiece receives only during forming the appropriate mechanical properties and the workpiece can not be inserted the wrong way around ,
- the value of the mechanical property drops at least in sections from the first side of the workpiece to the second side of the workpiece and / or increases.
- a profile of the mechanical property adapted to the requirements can be achieved over the thickness of the workpiece.
- the value of the mechanical property may pass from the first side to the second side of the workpiece or increase or decrease monotonically.
- the mechanical property is the hardness, high hardness on the first side and high toughness (low hardness) on the second side can be achieved (or vice versa).
- the value of the mechanical property may also drop initially and then increase again (or vice versa).
- the property in a region on the first side of the workpiece is set to a first value and the property in an opposite region on the second side of the workpiece is set to a second value.
- the workpiece may have oppositely deviating values of the mechanical property.
- the second value may be higher or lower than the first value.
- the property in a region on the first side and in an area on the second side of the workpiece is set to a first value and the property in a center region between the first side and the second side of the workpiece to a second Value set.
- the adaptation of the workpiece properties can be further optimized.
- the workpiece outside on the first and second sides may have the same or at least similar properties (for example a high wear resistance) and a different property (for example a high toughness) in the inner region.
- the mechanical property of the workpiece goes from the first value to the second value continuously over.
- a continuous course can be achieved by the present method.
- Such a course of the mechanical property over the thickness of the workpiece may be advantageous depending on the application.
- the gradient with which the mechanical property varies over the thickness of the workpiece is set at least in sections.
- the targeted adjustment of the gradient can be achieved for example by the choice of process parameters. For example, this is achieved by selecting the closing time, the temperature, the thermal conductivity, the heat capacity and / or the power of the temperature control means, to name a few examples.
- the workpiece is not tempered at least in sections on the first side and / or the second side. This can be achieved for example by interrupting the temperature control.
- the adaptation of the workpiece properties in the result is further optimized. For example, a local area of lower hardness is formed by a local interruption of cooling tempering, in which the further processing of the workpiece (for example, a forming, in particular bending) is simplified.
- the workpiece is tempered on the first side and / or the second side by favoring the cooling of the workpiece, in particular by means of a cooled tool component and / or a coolant.
- a temperature control and as a result a setting of the mechanical property is achieved cost.
- By favoring the cooling in particular, the hardness and / or strength of the workpiece can be increased on the corresponding side become.
- the corresponding side of the workpiece is brought into direct contact with the cooled tool component or the coolant.
- the cooled tool component is, for example, a cooled plate, a cooled stamp or a cooled die.
- the cooled tool component has a surface temperature of less than 200 ° C.
- the coolant can be, for example, water, which cools the workpiece directly or indirectly.
- the workpiece is tempered on the first and / or second side by inhibiting the cooling of the workpiece, in particular by means of a heated tool component and / or an insulating means.
- a tempering with an insulating is understood in particular that the temperature is maintained with the insulating.
- a temperature control and as a result a setting of the mechanical property is achieved cost.
- By inhibiting the cooling it is possible in particular to set a lower hardness, lower strength and / or higher toughness of the workpiece on the corresponding side in comparison with cooled regions. For example, the corresponding side of the workpiece is brought into direct contact with the heated tool component or the insulating means.
- the heated tool component is for example a heated plate, a heated stamp or a heated die.
- the heated tool component has, for example, a surface temperature of up to 600 ° C.
- a heated tool component has the advantage that it can actively intervene in the temperature control.
- the insulating means is for example an insulating plate.
- the insulating material comprises a material with low thermal conductivity. This can be for example a ceramic.
- the insulating means has the advantage that no complex control is necessary, such as in an active heating technology.
- the workpiece has a thickness of at least 3 mm, preferably at least 4 mm, more preferably at least 6 mm and / or a thickness of at most 150 mm, preferably at most 25 mm, particularly preferably at most 12 mm.
- Workpieces with these thicknesses can be used in particular in the security steel sector. It has In addition, it has been shown that the setting of the mechanical property over the workpiece thickness is reliably possible with such thicknesses.
- the workpiece is heated to a temperature of at least 750 ° C, preferably at least 850 ° C and / or to a temperature of at most 1000 ° C, preferably at most 950 ° C.
- the temperature control for adjusting the mechanical property is then preferably carried out.
- the workpiece may for example consist of a manganese-boron steel.
- the workpiece is made of a steel having one or more of the alloying components: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni.
- the alloying components Al, Ti, Nb, B and / or V can be provided. The rest is iron and unavoidable impurities.
- the workpiece consists of a steel, wherein one or more of the alloy constituents in wt .-% may have the following maximum contents: C ⁇ 0.5, Si ⁇ 1.5, preferably ⁇ 0.5, Mn ⁇ 2.5, preferably ⁇ 1.80, Cr ⁇ 2.0, preferably ⁇ 1.50, Ni ⁇ 5.0, preferably ⁇ 2.0, Ti ⁇ 0.5, preferably ⁇ 0.01, al ⁇ 0.15, Nb ⁇ 0.050 and / or B ⁇ 0.0050.
- the steel may be more highly alloyed than conventional manganese-boron steel (about 22MnB5) which is used to make body parts.
- One or more of the alloy contents in% by weight may preferably have the following minimum contents: C ⁇ 0.15, Mn ⁇ 0.50, al ⁇ 0.05, Nb ⁇ 0.015 and / or B ⁇ 0.0010.
- the mechanical property is the hardness of the workpiece. It has been found that the hardness of the workpiece can be adjusted reliably with the method in a wide range.
- the hardness is set to values between 200 HV10 and 800 HV10 (corresponds to approximately 64.0 HRC), preferably between 300 HV10 (corresponds to approximately 29.8 HRC) and 700 HV10 (corresponds to approximately 60.1 HRC). , more preferably between 400 HV10 (corresponds to about 40.8 HRC) and 600 HV10 (corresponds to about 55.2 HRC).
- HV the Vickers hardness according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1 (March 2006) and under HRC the Rockwell hardness according to DIN EN ISO 6508-1 (March 2006) to understand. Basically, the hardness depends on the material used for the workpiece.
- the method can vary the hardness across the thickness of the workpiece in the stated ranges.
- the hardness on the first side of the workpiece can be set to about 400 HV10 or 40.8 HRC and opposite to about 600 HV10 and 55.2 HRC on the second side.
- the hardness varies over the thickness of the workpiece by at least 50 HV10, preferably at least 100 HV10, particularly preferably at least 150 HV 10. It has been found that a hardness difference of up to 200 HV10 can be realized within a few millimeters can.
- a functional surface layer is produced by adjusting the mechanical property on the first side and / or on the second side.
- the mechanical property is set, for example, only in the near-surface region.
- a body component in particular an A, B, C or D pillar, a wheel arch, an end wall or a particularly planar additional protection component, is produced from the workpiece, in particular for an armored vehicle.
- the components can combine different properties with each other in one component.
- a body component for securing against direct bombardment on the one hand have a high hardness, for example on the first side or on the first and second side, and also have a high toughness against Ansprengungen, for example on the second side or in a middle region between the first and the second page.
- the object mentioned is achieved by a generic tool with first temperature control, with the first temperature control at least partially opposite second temperature control, and with a receiving area for receiving the heated workpiece between the first and the second temperature control, so that the first temperature control on the first side of the workpiece and the second temperature control on the second side of the workpiece are arranged or can be arranged, wherein the tool is adapted to adjust the mechanical property so that the value of the mechanical property over the thickness of the workpiece varies at least in sections ,
- the device can be used to simplify the process To be made over the thickness in its mechanical properties adapted workpiece.
- the tool can be set up, for example, by adjusting the mechanical property, that the temperature control means are set up accordingly, for example, have a certain temperature, cooling capacity, heating power, thermal conductivity and / or heat capacity.
- the apparatus may be configured to provide a certain guard time such that the desired varying mechanical property is provided over the workpiece thickness.
- the first and the second temperature control means are designed to favor the cooling of the workpiece.
- the same or a similar value of the property for example a high hardness or low toughness
- a deviating value for example, low hardness or high toughness
- the first temperature control means for promoting the cooling of the workpiece and the second temperature control means for inhibiting the cooling of the workpiece are formed.
- different values of the property for example a high hardness or low toughness on the one hand and a low hardness or high toughness on the other hand
- the object mentioned above is also achieved by a generic workpiece, prepared by a method according to the invention.
- the workpieces are therefore characterized in particular by the fact that the value of a mechanical property of the workpiece varies at least in sections over the thickness of the workpiece.
- the workpieces according to the invention in the range of varying property can consist of a material and still have varying properties.
- Fig. 1 shows first embodiments according to the invention of the tool, method and workpiece.
- a workpiece 1 with a first side 2 and a second side 4 is heated in a furnace (not shown) and brought into a receiving region 7 between two temperature control means 6, 8 ( Fig. 1a ).
- the workpiece 1 can represent in all figures, for example, a circuit board, forming plate or a preformed workpiece.
- the tempering 6, 8 may be formed in all figures, for example, as a plate-shaped tool components or as a forming punch and die. That is, the workpiece 1 can each be heat-treated only without deformation by the temperature control 6, 8 or at the same time by the temperature control 6, 8 are transformed.
- Fig. 1 are the first temperature control 6 designed to promote the cooling of the workpiece 1, for example as a cooled plate.
- the second temperature control means 8 are designed to inhibit the cooling of the workpiece, for example as a heated plate or insulating plate.
- the tempering 6, 8 are then moved together and brought into direct contact with the heated workpiece 1 ( Fig. 1b ). While the workpiece in the illustrated configuration on the upper first side 2 undergoes a very rapid cooling and thus hardened, the lower second side 4 is cooled much slower and not cured or only to a much lower proportion.
- a monolithic workpiece 2 is formed, which has different mechanical properties on the first and second side 2, 4.
- the hardness in a region 10 on the first side 2 of the workpiece 1 becomes a first value of about 600 HV10 and the hardness in an opposite region 12 on the second side 4 of the workpiece 1 to a second value of about 400 HV10 set ( Fig. 1c ).
- This is a much simplified and more cost-effective production compared to the previously used process in which two slabs of different grades are welded together and rolled.
- a control of the mechanical properties of the workpiece 1 can be made possible by the choice of the temperatures of the temperature control 6, 8. As a result, variations in workpiece properties are created by the choice of process parameters rather than the choice of material grade.
- Fig. 2 shows second embodiments of the invention tool, method and workpiece.
- the workpiece 1 should be designed in this case in the upper part on bullet resistance (high hardness), while at the bottom of a blasting can take place (high hardness and toughness).
- This may for example be the case with a B-pillar, which can be press-hardened from the workpiece 1 by the temperature control means 6, 8 in the form of punch and die.
- the workpiece 1 is again inserted between tempering 6, 8 ( Fig. 2a ).
- a hardness varying across the thickness is set only locally in the lower region 16, since the workpiece comes into contact here with the tool components 6, 8, while in the upper region 18 the workpiece 1 is hardened continuously as usual, since in this region the workpiece 1 comes into contact with the cooled tool components 6, 20 ( Fig. 2b ).
- Fig. 3 shows third embodiments of the invention tool, method and workpiece.
- the second temperature control means 8 can in turn be designed as a heated or insulating tool component ( Fig. 3a ).
- the first temperature control means 6 are formed in this case not by a tool component, but by a coolant in the form of water, which is brought into contact with the first side 2 of the workpiece 1 ( Fig. 3b ).
- Fig. 4 shows fourth embodiments of the invention of tool, method and workpiece.
- both the first temperature control means 6, and the second temperature control means 8 are formed as cooled tool components ( Fig. 4a, 4b ).
- these are arranged such that the hardness in a region 22 on the first side 2 and in a region 24 on the second side 4 of the workpiece 1 to a first value of about 600 HV10 and the hardness in a central region 26 between the first Page 2 and the second side 4 of the workpiece 1 is set to a second value of about 400 HV10 ( Fig. 4c ). This results in a continuous drop in hardness from outside to inside, as indicated by the arrows 28.
- cooled temperature control 6, 8 are used with very low heat capacity, so that they heat up quickly during the process and thus after a short time are no longer able to extract more heat from the workpiece 1, so that a lower cooling rate is achieved ,
- Fig. 5 shows fifth embodiments of the invention of tool, method and workpiece.
- the temperature control which are provided to favor the cooling (temperature control 6, 8 in Fig. 5a , Temperature control 6 in Fig. 5b ), provided with an interruption, so that the workpiece 1 on the first side 2 and the second side 4 is at least partially not tempered.
- interrupting the cooling a locally limited area is created, which is characterized by a lower hardness.
- the workpiece 1 is thereby better deformable in this local area for further processing steps, for example, bendable.
- Fig. 6 shows once again the first embodiment of the invention with exemplary hardness gradients.
- Fig. 6a shows an enlarged view of the workpiece 1 with the temperature control 6, 8, as in the configuration in Fig. 1 shown.
- Fig. 6b illustrates the progression of the hardness in two scenarios A and B over the workpiece thickness from region 10 (first side 2, about 600 HV10) to region 12 (second side 4, about 400 HV10).
- first side 2, about 600 HV10) region 12
- second side 4, about 400 HV10 region 10
- the hardness curve A sets in when the first cooled temperature control 6 are designed so that a very large amount of heat can be removed in a short time, since for example the temperature is very low and / or a very powerful cooling is connected.
- the heated temperature control 8 may have a relatively low temperature.
- the tool hold time is longer than in scenario B to achieve the greater depth of through-cure.
- the hardness curve B occurs when the temperature of the first cooled temperature control 6 is higher than in Scenario A and / or the cooling capacity is lower than in Scenario A.
- the second heated temperature control 8 may have a correspondingly higher temperature. The closing time of the tool is lower, so that the high cooling rate (and thus hardening) takes place only in the edge area of the workpiece 1 if possible.
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft unter anderem ein Verfahren zum Einstellen einer mechanischen Eigenschaft eines Werkstücks aus Stahl. Die Aufgabe, die Werkstückeigenschaften auf einfache Weise optimal an die Anforderungen anzupassen, wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass das Werkstück ein Grobblech oder ein hieraus hergestelltes Werkstück ist, wobei das Werkstück erhitzt wird, und wobei das erhitze Werkstück auf einer ersten Seite des Werkstücks und auf einer der ersten Seite gegenüberliegenden zweiten Seite des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise über ein Werkzeug temperiert wird, sodass die mechanische Eigenschaft so eingestellt wird, dass der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise variiert.The invention relates inter alia to a method for adjusting a mechanical property of a workpiece made of steel. The task of optimally optimally adapting the workpiece properties to the requirements is achieved in a generic method in that the workpiece is a heavy plate or a workpiece produced therefrom, wherein the workpiece is heated, and wherein the heated workpiece on a first side of the Workpiece and on one of the first side opposite the second side of the workpiece is at least partially tempered by a tool, so that the mechanical property is adjusted so that the value of the mechanical property over the thickness of the workpiece varies at least in sections.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Einstellen einer mechanischen Eigenschaft eines Werkstücks aus Stahl. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Werkzeug zum Einstellen einer mechanischen Eigenschaft eines Werkstücks aus Stahl, wobei das Werkstück ein Grobblech oder ein hieraus hergestelltes Werkstück ist, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Zudem betrifft die Erfindung ein Werkstück, insbesondere Karosseriebauteil.The invention relates to a method for adjusting a mechanical property of a workpiece made of steel. The invention also relates to a tool for setting a mechanical property of a workpiece made of steel, wherein the workpiece is a heavy plate or a workpiece produced therefrom, in particular for carrying out a method according to the invention. In addition, the invention relates to a workpiece, in particular body component.
Es ist insbesondere im Automobilbereich bekannt, die mechanischen Eigenschaften, etwa die Härte von Werkstücken aus Stahl, beispielsweise Mangan-Bor-Stahl, im Rahmen einer Warmumformung mittels Presshärten zu beeinflussen. Dabei wird das Werkstück zunächst über die Austenitisierungstemperatur erhitzt und anschließend mittels eines gekühlten Umformwerkzeugs umgeformt und gleichzeitig abgekühlt, um ein Härten des Werkstücks zu erreichen. Im Automobilbereich und Karosseriebau kommen dabei praktisch ausschließlich Feinbleche, also Bleche mit Blechdicken im Bereich von etwa 1mm bis 2,5mm zum Einsatz. Hierdurch können unter anderem anvisierte Gewichtseinsparungen realisiert werden.It is known, in particular in the automotive industry, to influence the mechanical properties, for example the hardness of workpieces made of steel, for example manganese-boron steel, during hot forming by means of press hardening. In this case, the workpiece is first heated above the austenitizing temperature and then formed by means of a cooled forming tool and simultaneously cooled to achieve a hardening of the workpiece. In the automotive sector and body construction, almost exclusively thin sheets, ie sheets with sheet thicknesses in the range of about 1 mm to 2.5 mm are used. As a result, among other things, targeted weight savings can be realized.
Um jedoch einzelne Bereiche des Werkstücks anwendungsgerecht auszugestalten, ist weiterhin das sogenannte "Tailored Tempering" oder das partielle Presshärten bekannt, bei dem durch das Härten nicht das gesamte Werkstück über seine gesamte Fläche in Martensit umgewandelt und gehärtet wird. Dem partiellen Presshärten liegt das Prinzip zugrunde, dass das zuvor auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur erhitzte Werkstück im Umformwerkzeug mit Ausnahme eines oder mehrerer einzelner Bereiche stark abgekühlt wird, insbesondere unter Verwendung einer Kühleinrichtung in Form von Kühlkanälen in der Matrize und dem Stempel des Umformwerkzeugs. Durch das schnelle Abkühlen wird das Gefüge an diesen Stellen vollständig in Martensit umgewandelt und dadurch vollständig pressgehärtet. In den übrigen Bereichen des Werkstücks wird ein deutlich langsameres Abkühlen des Gefüges ermöglicht, wodurch das Gefüge in diesen Bereichen nicht pressgehärtet wird. Ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Warmumformen und ein entsprechendes Umformwerkzeug ist beispielsweise aus der
Aus der
Durch die zuvor beschriebene Technik kann beispielsweise eine B-Säule aus einem monolithischen Blech hergestellt werden, wobei der obere Bereich beim Umformen extrem schnell abgekühlt wird, sodass eine martensitische Struktur entsteht, und der untere Bereich erhitzt wird, sodass sich ein ferritisch-bainitisches Gefüge einstellt. Die B-Säule erhält dadurch in ihrem unteren Bereich eine hohe Bruchdehnung zulasten der Festigkeit und in ihrem oberen Bereich eine hohe Festigkeit zulasten der Bruchdehnung. Dadurch können die Eigenschaften besser auf die gewünschte Funktionalität im Fahrzeug beim Seitencrash eingestellt werden.By the technique described above, for example, a B-pillar can be made of a monolithic sheet, the upper portion being cooled extremely rapidly during forming to form a martensitic structure, and the lower portion is heated to form a ferritic-bainitic structure , The B-pillar thus receives in its lower region a high elongation at break at the expense of strength and in its upper region a high strength at the expense of breaking elongation. As a result, the properties can be better adjusted to the desired functionality in the vehicle during a side crash.
Ein Nachteil des zuvor beschriebenen Standes der Technik ist allerdings, dass die Umformwerkzeuge relativ komplex aufgebaut sind und trotz des partiellen Presshärtens weiterhin nur begrenzte Möglichkeiten zur Anpassung der Werkstückeigenschaften bestehen.A disadvantage of the prior art described above, however, is that the forming tools are constructed relatively complex and despite the partial press-hardening continue to have limited options for adjusting the workpiece properties.
Ausgehend hiervon ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, mit denen die Werkstückeigenschaften auf einfache Weise optimal an die Anforderungen angepasst werden können.Proceeding from this, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus with which the workpiece properties can be optimally adapted to the requirements in a simple manner.
Die Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass das Werkstück ein Grobblech oder ein hieraus hergestelltes Werkstück ist, wobei das Werkstück erhitzt wird, und wobei das erhitzte Werkstück auf einer ersten Seite des Werkstücks und auf einer der ersten Seite gegenüberliegenden zweiten Seite des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise über ein entsprechendes Werkzeug, insbesondere ein erfindungsgemäßes Werkzeug, temperiert wird, sodass die mechanische Eigenschaft so eingestellt wird, dass der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise variiert.The object is achieved in a generic method in that the workpiece is a plate or a workpiece produced therefrom, wherein the workpiece is heated, and wherein the heated workpiece on a first side of the workpiece and on a first side opposite the second side of the workpiece at least in sections via a corresponding tool, in particular a tool according to the invention, is tempered, so that the mechanical property is adjusted so that the value of the mechanical property varies at least in sections over the thickness of the workpiece.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde erkannt, dass dadurch, dass das erhitzte Werkstück auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise temperiert wird, mechanische Eigenschaften des Werkstücks variierend über die Dicke des Werkstücks gezielt eingestellt werden können. Dadurch kann selbst bei monolithischen Werkstücken mit im Wesentlichen homogenen mechanischen Eigenschaften auf einfache Weise eine Anpassung der Werkstückeigenschaften an die Anforderungen erreicht werden.According to the invention, it has been recognized that in that the heated workpiece is tempered at least in sections on opposite sides of the workpiece, mechanical properties of the workpiece can be adjusted in a targeted manner over the thickness of the workpiece. As a result, an adaptation of the workpiece properties to the requirements can be achieved in a simple manner, even with monolithic workpieces having essentially homogeneous mechanical properties.
Insbesondere hat sich gezeigt, dass bei Grobblechen oder daraus hergestellten Werkstücken nicht nur flächig, also zweidimensional variierend, Werkstoffeigenschaften eingestellt werden können (etwa durch partielles Presshärten wie eingangs beschrieben), sondern vielmehr auch entlang der Werkstückdicke, also entlang der dritten Dimension, die Werkstoffeigenschaft präzise eingestellt werden kann. Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik wird also entlang der Werkstückdicke gerade keine homogene Werkstückeigenschaft eingestellt, sondern bewusst hiervon abgewichen.In particular, it has been shown that with heavy plates or workpieces produced therefrom not only flat, so two-dimensionally varying, material properties can be adjusted (for example, by partial press hardening as described above), but also along the workpiece thickness, ie along the third dimension, the material property precisely can be adjusted. In contrast to the prior art, therefore, no homogenous workpiece property is set along the workpiece thickness, but deliberately deviated therefrom.
Es versteht sich, dass das Verfahren jedoch mit den eingangs beschriebenen Verfahren kombiniert werden kann, also der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks nicht nur global am gesamten Werkstück, sondern auch nur partiell oder lokal in gewissen Bereichen des Werkstücks einstellt werden kann.It goes without saying, however, that the method can be combined with the methods described at the outset, ie the value of the mechanical property over the thickness of the workpiece can be adjusted not only globally on the entire workpiece but also only partially or locally in certain areas of the workpiece.
Zudem ist vorteilhaft, dass das gezielte Einstellen einer mechanischen Eigenschaft entlang der Dicke des Werkstücks über die Verfahrensparameter erfolgen kann. Die mechanische Eigenschaft braucht nicht mehr abschließend bereits zuvor über die Werkstoffgüte oder Werkstoffdicke des Werkstücks festgelegt zu werden, sondern kann auch noch anschließend über die Dicke des Werkstücks eingestellt werden. Derartige Verfahrensparameter sind beispielsweise die Temperatur des erhitzen Werkstücks, die durch das Temperieren erreichte Temperatur des Werkstücks, der erreichte Temperaturverlauf des Werkstücks, die Temperatur der Temperiermittel oder die Zuhaltezeit (beispielsweise von wenigen Sekunden bis zu 60 Sekunden) des verwendeten Werkzeugs, um einige Beispiele zu nennen.In addition, it is advantageous that the targeted setting of a mechanical property along the thickness of the workpiece can take place via the process parameters. The mechanical property no longer needs to be determined in advance about the material quality or material thickness of the workpiece, but can also be subsequently adjusted over the thickness of the workpiece. Such process parameters are, for example, the temperature of the heated workpiece, the temperature reached by the temperature of the workpiece, the temperature profile of the workpiece reached, the temperature of the temperature control or the guard time (for example, from a few seconds to 60 seconds) of the tool used, to some examples call.
Dies ist vorteilhaft gegenüber bisher verwendeten Verfahren, bei denen beispielsweise zwei Brammen unterschiedlicher Werkstoffgüten geschliffen, verschweißt und gewalzt werden mussten, um die mechanischen Eigenschaften entlang der Dicke des finalen Werkstücks variierend ausgestalten zu können. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann ein vergleichbares Ergebnis deutlich einfacher und kostengünstiger erreicht werden.This is advantageous over previously used methods in which, for example, two slabs of different material grades had to be ground, welded and rolled in order to be able to vary the mechanical properties along the thickness of the final workpiece. With the method according to the invention, a comparable result can be achieved much easier and less expensive.
Unter Grobblechen werden vorliegend insbesondere Bleche mit einer Dicke von mindestens 3mm oder bevorzugt mehr als 3mm verstanden. Das Werkstück ist insbesondere ein monolithisches Blech. Das Werkstück ist beispielsweise eine Platine. Beispielsweise ist die Platine eine Formplatine. Diese muss nicht mehr weiter zugeschnitten werden. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass das Werkstück ein bereits zumindest teilweise umgeformtes Werkstück ist.Heavy plates in the present case are understood in particular to be plates having a thickness of at least 3 mm or preferably more than 3 mm. The workpiece is in particular a monolithic sheet. The workpiece is for example a circuit board. For example, the board is a form board. This does not need to be further tailored. But it is also conceivable that the workpiece is already at least partially reshaped workpiece.
Die einzustellende mechanische Eigenschaft kann beispielsweise die Härte, die Festigkeit, insbesondere die Zugfestigkeit und die Druckfestigkeit, die Elastizität, die Zähigkeit und/oder die Duktilität sein.The mechanical property to be adjusted may be, for example, hardness, strength, in particular tensile strength and compressive strength, elasticity, toughness and / or ductility.
Unter einer Temperierung wird insbesondere die gezielte Regelung der Temperatur verstanden. Dabei wird insbesondere eine von der Umgebungstemperatur abweichende Temperatur eingestellt. Das Temperieren des Werkstücks kann beispielsweise durch eine aktive oder passive Temperierung erfolgen.A temperature control is understood in particular the targeted control of the temperature. In particular, a temperature deviating from the ambient temperature is set. The tempering of the workpiece can be done for example by an active or passive temperature.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgt das Einstellen der mechanischen Eigenschaft mit oder ohne Umformung des Werkstücks.According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the adjustment of the mechanical property takes place with or without deformation of the workpiece.
Erfolgt keine Umformung des Werkstücks, kann beispielsweise die Einstellung der mechanischen Eigenschaft im Rahmen einer Wärmebehandlung erfolgen. Hierbei können beispielsweise zwei temperierte Platten als Werkzeugkomponenten zur Temperierung einer Platine verwendet werden. Hierdurch kann insbesondere das Werkzeug einfach ausgestaltet werden. Die Platine kann dann im Anschluss umgeformt werden.If no deformation of the workpiece, for example, the adjustment of the mechanical property in the context of a heat treatment can take place. In this case, for example, two tempered plates can be used as tool components for tempering a board. In this way, in particular, the tool can be easily configured. The board can then be reshaped afterwards.
Erfolgt andererseits eine Umformung des Werkstücks beim Einstellen der mechanischen Eigenschaften, kann das Einstellen der mechanischen Eigenschaften im Rahmen eines (direkten) Warmumformens oder Presshärtens erfolgen. Durch die Integration in ein Presshärten wird das Einstellen der mechanischen Eigenschaften prozessökonomisch in die Herstellung eines Bauteils integriert. Das Werkstück wird dann beispielsweise durch ein Werkzeug umfassend Stempel und Matrize temperiert und umgeformt. Wird das Erhitzen und Temperieren des Werkstücks mit einem Umformen zu einem Presshärten verbunden, ergibt sich zudem der Vorteil, dass eine Verwechslungsgefahr der Werkstückseiten nicht entstehen kann, da das Werkstück erst beim Umformen die passenden mechanischen Eigenschaften erhält und das Werkstück nicht falsch herum eingelegt werden kann.On the other hand, if a deformation of the workpiece in adjusting the mechanical properties, the adjustment of the mechanical properties in the context of a (direct) hot working or press hardening can take place. The integration into press hardening integrates the adjustment of the mechanical properties process-economically into the production of a component. The workpiece is then tempered and shaped, for example, by a tool comprising punch and die. If the heating and tempering of the workpiece associated with a forming to a press hardening, there is also the advantage that a risk of confusion of the workpiece sides can not arise because the workpiece receives only during forming the appropriate mechanical properties and the workpiece can not be inserted the wrong way around ,
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft von der ersten Seite des Werkstücks zur zweiten Seite des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise abfällt und/oder ansteigt. Hierdurch kann ein den Erfordernissen angepasstes Profil der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks erreicht werden. Beispielsweise kann der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft von der ersten Seite zur zweiten Seite des Werkstücks durchgehen oder monoton ansteigen oder abfallen. Ist die mechanische Eigenschaft beispielsweise die Härte, kann auf der ersten Seite eine hohe Härte und auf der zweiten Seite eine hohe Zähigkeit (geringe Härte) erreicht werden (oder andersherum). Um ein weiteres Beispiel zu nennen, kann der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft auch zunächst abfallen und anschließend wieder ansteigen (oder andersherum).According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the value of the mechanical property drops at least in sections from the first side of the workpiece to the second side of the workpiece and / or increases. In this way, a profile of the mechanical property adapted to the requirements can be achieved over the thickness of the workpiece. For example, the value of the mechanical property may pass from the first side to the second side of the workpiece or increase or decrease monotonically. For example, if the mechanical property is the hardness, high hardness on the first side and high toughness (low hardness) on the second side can be achieved (or vice versa). To give another example, the value of the mechanical property may also drop initially and then increase again (or vice versa).
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Eigenschaft in einem Bereich auf der ersten Seite des Werkstücks auf einen ersten Wert und die Eigenschaft in einem gegenüberliegenden Bereich auf der zweiten Seite des Werkstücks auf einen zweiten Wert eingestellt. Hierdurch kann das Werkstück gegenüberliegend abweichende Werte der mechanischen Eigenschaft aufweisen. Der zweite Wert kann beispielsweise höher oder niedriger als der erste Wert sein.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the property in a region on the first side of the workpiece is set to a first value and the property in an opposite region on the second side of the workpiece is set to a second value. As a result, the workpiece may have oppositely deviating values of the mechanical property. For example, the second value may be higher or lower than the first value.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Eigenschaft in einem Bereich auf der ersten Seite und in einem Bereich auf der zweiten Seite des Werkstücks auf einen ersten Wert und die Eigenschaft in einem Mittenbereich zwischen der ersten Seite und der zweiten Seite des Werkstücks auf einen zweiten Wert eingestellt. Hierdurch kann die Anpassung der Werkstückeigenschaften weiter optimiert werden. Beispielsweise kann das Werkstück außen auf der ersten und der zweiten Seite die gleiche oder zumindest ähnliche Eigenschaften aufweisen (zum Beispiel eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit) und im inneren Bereich eine abweichende Eigenschaft (zum Beispiel eine hohe Zähigkeit).According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the property in a region on the first side and in an area on the second side of the workpiece is set to a first value and the property in a center region between the first side and the second side of the workpiece to a second Value set. As a result, the adaptation of the workpiece properties can be further optimized. For example, the workpiece outside on the first and second sides may have the same or at least similar properties (for example a high wear resistance) and a different property (for example a high toughness) in the inner region.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geht die mechanische Eigenschaft des Werkstücks von dem ersten Wert zu dem zweiten Wert kontinuierlich über. Im Gegensatz zu bereits beschriebenen Verfahren, bei denen beispielsweise zwei Brammen zusammengeschweißt werden, kann durch das vorliegende Verfahren ein kontinuierlicher Verlauf erreicht werden. Ein derartiger Verlauf der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks kann je nach Einsatz vorteilhaft sein.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the mechanical property of the workpiece goes from the first value to the second value continuously over. In contrast to already described methods in which, for example, two slabs are welded together, a continuous course can be achieved by the present method. Such a course of the mechanical property over the thickness of the workpiece may be advantageous depending on the application.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Gradient, mit der die mechanische Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks variiert, zumindest abschnittsweise eingestellt. Durch ein derartiges gezieltes Einstellen des Verlaufs der mechanischen Eigenschaft kann eine noch bessere Anpassung der mechanischen Eigenschaft erreicht werden. Die gezielte Einstellung des Gradienten kann beispielsweise durch die Wahl der Verfahrensparameter erreicht werden. Beispielsweise wird dies durch Wahl der Zuhaltezeit, der Temperatur, der Wärmeleitfähigkeit, der Wärmekapazität und/oder der Leistung der zur Temperierung vorgesehenen Mittel erreicht, um einige Beispiele zu nennen.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the gradient with which the mechanical property varies over the thickness of the workpiece is set at least in sections. By such a targeted adjustment of the course of the mechanical property, an even better adaptation of the mechanical property can be achieved. The targeted adjustment of the gradient can be achieved for example by the choice of process parameters. For example, this is achieved by selecting the closing time, the temperature, the thermal conductivity, the heat capacity and / or the power of the temperature control means, to name a few examples.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Werkstück auf der ersten Seite und/oder der zweiten Seite zumindest abschnittsweise nicht temperiert. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine Unterbrechung der Temperiermittel erreicht werden. Hiermit wird die Anpassung der Werkstückeigenschaften im Ergebnis weiterhin optimiert. Beispielsweise wird durch eine lokale Unterbrechung von kühlenden Temperiermitteln ein lokaler Bereich geringerer Härte ausgebildet, in dem die weitere Verarbeitung des Werkstücks (zum Beispiel ein Umformen, insbesondere Biegen) vereinfacht wird.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the workpiece is not tempered at least in sections on the first side and / or the second side. This can be achieved for example by interrupting the temperature control. As a result, the adaptation of the workpiece properties in the result is further optimized. For example, a local area of lower hardness is formed by a local interruption of cooling tempering, in which the further processing of the workpiece (for example, a forming, in particular bending) is simplified.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Werkstück auf der ersten Seite und/oder der zweiten Seite durch Begünstigung der Abkühlung des Werkstücks, insbesondere mittels einer gekühlten Werkzeugkomponente und/oder eines Kühlmittels, temperiert. Hierdurch wird kostengünstig ein Temperieren und im Ergebnis ein Einstellen der mechanischen Eigenschaft erreicht. Durch eine Begünstigung der Abkühlung kann insbesondere die Härte und/oder Festigkeit des Werkstücks auf der entsprechenden Seite gesteigert werden. Beispielsweise wird die entsprechende Seite des Werkstücks in direkten Kontakt mit der gekühlten Werkzeugkomponente bzw. dem Kühlmittel gebracht. Die gekühlte Werkzeugkomponente ist beispielsweise eine gekühlte Platte, ein gekühlter Stempel oder eine gekühlte Matrize. Die gekühlte Werkzeugkomponente weist beispielsweise eine Oberflächentemperatur von weniger als 200°C auf. Das Kühlmittel kann beispielsweise Wasser sein, welches das Werkstück direkt oder indirekt kühlt.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the workpiece is tempered on the first side and / or the second side by favoring the cooling of the workpiece, in particular by means of a cooled tool component and / or a coolant. As a result, a temperature control and as a result a setting of the mechanical property is achieved cost. By favoring the cooling, in particular, the hardness and / or strength of the workpiece can be increased on the corresponding side become. For example, the corresponding side of the workpiece is brought into direct contact with the cooled tool component or the coolant. The cooled tool component is, for example, a cooled plate, a cooled stamp or a cooled die. For example, the cooled tool component has a surface temperature of less than 200 ° C. The coolant can be, for example, water, which cools the workpiece directly or indirectly.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Werkstück auf der ersten und/oder zweiten Seite durch Hemmung der Abkühlung des Werkstücks, insbesondere mittels einer beheizten Werkzeugkomponente und/oder eines Isoliermittels, temperiert. Unter einem Temperieren mit einem Isoliermittel wird insbesondere verstanden, dass mit dem Isoliermittel die Temperatur gehalten wird. Hierdurch wird kostengünstig ein Temperieren und im Ergebnis ein Einstellen der mechanischen Eigenschaft erreicht. Durch eine Hemmung der Abkühlung kann im Vergleich zu gekühlten Bereichen insbesondere eine geringere Härte, geringere Festigkeit und/oder höhere Zähigkeit des Werkstücks auf der entsprechenden Seite eingestellt werden. Beispielsweise wird die entsprechende Seite des Werkstücks in direkten Kontakt mit der beheizten Werkzeugkomponente bzw. dem Isoliermittel gebracht. Die beheizte Werkzeugkomponente ist beispielsweise eine beheizte Platte, ein beheizter Stempel oder eine beheizte Matrize. Die beheizte Werkzeugkomponente weist beispielsweise eine Oberflächentemperatur von bis zu 600°C auf. Eine beheizte Werkzeugkomponente hat den Vorteil, dass aktiv in die Temperatursteuerung eingegriffen werden kann. Das Isoliermittel ist beispielsweise eine Isolierplatte. Beispielsweise umfasst das Isoliermaterial ein Material mit geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Dies kann beispielsweise eine Keramik sein. Das Isoliermittel hat den Vorteil, dass keine aufwendige Steuerung notwendig ist, wie etwa bei einer aktiven Heiztechnik.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the workpiece is tempered on the first and / or second side by inhibiting the cooling of the workpiece, in particular by means of a heated tool component and / or an insulating means. Under a tempering with an insulating is understood in particular that the temperature is maintained with the insulating. As a result, a temperature control and as a result a setting of the mechanical property is achieved cost. By inhibiting the cooling, it is possible in particular to set a lower hardness, lower strength and / or higher toughness of the workpiece on the corresponding side in comparison with cooled regions. For example, the corresponding side of the workpiece is brought into direct contact with the heated tool component or the insulating means. The heated tool component is for example a heated plate, a heated stamp or a heated die. The heated tool component has, for example, a surface temperature of up to 600 ° C. A heated tool component has the advantage that it can actively intervene in the temperature control. The insulating means is for example an insulating plate. For example, the insulating material comprises a material with low thermal conductivity. This can be for example a ceramic. The insulating means has the advantage that no complex control is necessary, such as in an active heating technology.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weist das Werkstück eine Dicke von mindestens 3 mm, bevorzugt mindestens 4 mm, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 6 mm und/oder eine Dicke von höchstens 150 mm, bevorzugt höchstens 25 mm, besonders bevorzugt höchstens 12 mm auf. Werkstücke mit diesen Dicken können insbesondere im Sicherheitsstahlbereich eingesetzt werden. Es hat sich zudem gezeigt, dass bei derartigen Dicken die Einstellung der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Werkstückdicke zuverlässig möglich ist.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the workpiece has a thickness of at least 3 mm, preferably at least 4 mm, more preferably at least 6 mm and / or a thickness of at most 150 mm, preferably at most 25 mm, particularly preferably at most 12 mm. Workpieces with these thicknesses can be used in particular in the security steel sector. It has In addition, it has been shown that the setting of the mechanical property over the workpiece thickness is reliably possible with such thicknesses.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Werkstück auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 750°C, vorzugsweise mindestens 850°C und/oder auf eine Temperatur von höchstens 1000°C, vorzugsweise höchstens 950°C erhitzt. Bei dieser Anfangstemperatur erfolgt dann bevorzugt auch das Temperieren zum Einstellen der mechanischen Eigenschaft.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the workpiece is heated to a temperature of at least 750 ° C, preferably at least 850 ° C and / or to a temperature of at most 1000 ° C, preferably at most 950 ° C. At this initial temperature, the temperature control for adjusting the mechanical property is then preferably carried out.
Das Werkstück kann beispielsweise aus einem Mangan-Bor-Stahl bestehen. Beispielsweise besteht das Werkstück aus einem Stahl, welcher eine oder mehrere der Legierungsbestandteile: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni aufweist. Optional können auch die Legierungsbestandteile Al, Ti, Nb, B und/oder V vorgesehen sein. Der Rest ist Eisen sowie unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen.The workpiece may for example consist of a manganese-boron steel. For example, the workpiece is made of a steel having one or more of the alloying components: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni. Optionally, the alloying components Al, Ti, Nb, B and / or V can be provided. The rest is iron and unavoidable impurities.
Bevorzugt und gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht das Werkstück aus einem Stahl, wobei eines oder mehrere der Legierungsbestandteile in Gew.-% folgende Maximalgehalte aufweisen kann:
Der Stahl kann also insbesondere in Bezug auf eine oder mehrere Legierungsbestandteile höher legiert sein als herkömmlicher Mangan-Bor Stahl (etwa 22MnB5), welcher zur Herstellung von Karosseriebauteilen eingesetzt wird.Thus, especially with respect to one or more alloying constituents, the steel may be more highly alloyed than conventional manganese-boron steel (about 22MnB5) which is used to make body parts.
Insbesondere kann mit einer Stickstoffabbindung über Niob und Aluminium gearbeitet werden anstelle von Titan. Eines oder mehrere der Legierungsgehalte in Gew.-% insbesondere können bevorzugt folgende Minimalgehalte aufweisen:
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist die mechanische Eigenschaft die Härte des Werkstücks. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Härte des Werkstücks mit dem Verfahren zuverlässig in einem weiten Bereich eingestellt werden kann.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the mechanical property is the hardness of the workpiece. It has been found that the hardness of the workpiece can be adjusted reliably with the method in a wide range.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Härte auf Werte zwischen 200 HV10 und 800 HV10 (entspricht etwa 64,0 HRC), bevorzugt zwischen 300 HV10 (entspricht etwa 29,8 HRC) und 700 HV10 (entspricht etwa 60,1 HRC), besonders bevorzugt zwischen 400 HV10 (entspricht etwa 40,8 HRC) und 600 HV10 (entspricht etwa 55,2 HRC) eingestellt. Unter HV ist hier die Vickershärte gemäß DIN EN ISO 6507-1 (März 2006) und unter HRC die Rockwellhärte gemäß DIN EN ISO 6508-1 (März 2006) zu verstehen. Grundsätzlich ist die Härte von dem verwendeten Werkstoff für das Werkstück abhängig. Durch das Verfahren kann jedoch in den angegebenen Bereichen die Härte über die Dicke des Werkstücks hinweg variiert werden. So kann beispielsweise die Härte auf der ersten Seite des Werkstücks auf etwa 400 HV10 bzw. 40,8 HRC eingestellt werden und gegenüberliegend auf der zweiten Seite auf etwa 600 HV10 bzw. 55,2 HRC.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the hardness is set to values between 200 HV10 and 800 HV10 (corresponds to approximately 64.0 HRC), preferably between 300 HV10 (corresponds to approximately 29.8 HRC) and 700 HV10 (corresponds to approximately 60.1 HRC). , more preferably between 400 HV10 (corresponds to about 40.8 HRC) and 600 HV10 (corresponds to about 55.2 HRC). Under HV here the Vickers hardness according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1 (March 2006) and under HRC the Rockwell hardness according to DIN EN ISO 6508-1 (March 2006) to understand. Basically, the hardness depends on the material used for the workpiece. However, the method can vary the hardness across the thickness of the workpiece in the stated ranges. For example, the hardness on the first side of the workpiece can be set to about 400 HV10 or 40.8 HRC and opposite to about 600 HV10 and 55.2 HRC on the second side.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens variiert die Härte über die Dicke des Werkstücks um mindestens 50 HV10, bevorzugt mindestens 100 HV10, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 150 HV 10. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass innerhalb weniger Millimeter ein Härteunterschied von bis zu 200 HV10 realisiert werden kann.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the hardness varies over the thickness of the workpiece by at least 50 HV10, preferably at least 100 HV10, particularly preferably at least 150
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird durch die Einstellung der mechanischen Eigenschaft auf der ersten Seite und/oder auf der zweiten Seite eine funktionale Oberflächenschicht erzeugt. Hierzu wird die mechanische Eigenschaft beispielsweise nur im oberflächennahen Bereich eingestellt. Hierdurch kann beispielsweise ein einseitiger Verschleißschutz realisiert werden.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, a functional surface layer is produced by adjusting the mechanical property on the first side and / or on the second side. For this purpose, the mechanical property is set, for example, only in the near-surface region. As a result, for example, a one-sided wear protection can be realized.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird aus dem Werkstück ein Karosseriebauteil, insbesondere eine A,- B-, C- oder D-Säule, ein Radhaus, eine Stirnwand oder eine insbesondere planare Zusatzschutzkomponente, hergestellt, insbesondere für ein gepanzertes Fahrzeug. Bei derartigen Bauteilen ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Bauteile verschiedene Eigenschaften miteinander in einem Bauteil vereinen können. So kann ein derartiges Karosseriebauteil für eine Sicherung gegen direkten Beschuss zum einen eine hohe Härte aufweisen, beispielsweise auf der ersten Seite oder auf der ersten und zweiten Seite, und zudem gegen Ansprengungen eine hohe Zähigkeit aufweisen, beispielsweise auf der zweiten Seite oder in einem Mittenbereich zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Seite.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, a body component, in particular an A, B, C or D pillar, a wheel arch, an end wall or a particularly planar additional protection component, is produced from the workpiece, in particular for an armored vehicle. In such components, it is particularly advantageous if the components can combine different properties with each other in one component. Thus, such a body component for securing against direct bombardment on the one hand have a high hardness, for example on the first side or on the first and second side, and also have a high toughness against Ansprengungen, for example on the second side or in a middle region between the first and the second page.
Gemäß einer zweiten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die eingangs genannte Aufgabe gelöst durch ein gattungsgemäßes Werkzeug mit ersten Temperiermitteln, mit den ersten Temperiermitteln zumindest bereichsweise gegenüberliegenden zweiten Temperiermitteln, und mit einem Aufnahmebereich zur Aufnahme des erhitzten Werkstücks zwischen den ersten und den zweiten Temperiermitteln, sodass die ersten Temperiermittel auf der ersten Seite des Werkstücks und die zweiten Temperiermittel auf der zweiten Seite des Werkstücks angeordnet oder anordenbar sind, wobei das Werkzeug dazu eingerichtet ist, die mechanische Eigenschaft so einzustellen, dass der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise variiert.According to a second teaching of the present invention, the object mentioned is achieved by a generic tool with first temperature control, with the first temperature control at least partially opposite second temperature control, and with a receiving area for receiving the heated workpiece between the first and the second temperature control, so that the the first temperature control on the first side of the workpiece and the second temperature control on the second side of the workpiece are arranged or can be arranged, wherein the tool is adapted to adjust the mechanical property so that the value of the mechanical property over the thickness of the workpiece varies at least in sections ,
Dadurch, dass das Werkzeug dazu eingerichtet ist, die mechanische Eigenschaft so einzustellen, dass der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise variiert, kann mit der Vorrichtung auf einfache Weise ein über die Dicke in seinen mechanischen Eigenschaften angepasstes Werkstück hergestellt werden.Due to the fact that the tool is set up to adjust the mechanical property so that the value of the mechanical property varies at least in sections over the thickness of the workpiece, the device can be used to simplify the process To be made over the thickness in its mechanical properties adapted workpiece.
Das Werkzeug kann beispielsweise dadurch zum Einstellen der mechanischen Eigenschaft eingerichtet sein, dass die Temperiermittel entsprechend eingerichtet sind, beispielsweise eine bestimmte Temperatur, Kühlleistung, Heizleistung, Wärmeleitfähigkeit und/oder Wärmekapazität aufweisen. Als weiteres Beispiel kann die Vorrichtung dazu eingerichtet sein, eine bestimmte Zuhaltezeit vorzusehen, sodass sich die gewünschte variierende mechanische Eigenschaft über die Werkstückdicke ergibt.The tool can be set up, for example, by adjusting the mechanical property, that the temperature control means are set up accordingly, for example, have a certain temperature, cooling capacity, heating power, thermal conductivity and / or heat capacity. As another example, the apparatus may be configured to provide a certain guard time such that the desired varying mechanical property is provided over the workpiece thickness.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs sind die ersten und die zweiten Temperiermittel zur Begünstigung der Abkühlung des Werkstücks ausgebildet. Dadurch können insbesondere auf der ersten und der zweiten Seite des Werkstücks der gleiche oder ein ähnlicher Wert der Eigenschaft (zum Beispiel eine hohe Härte bzw. geringe Zähigkeit) eingestellt werden und im Mittenbereich ein abweichender Wert (zum Beispiel eine geringe Härte bzw. hohe Zähigkeit).According to one embodiment of the tool according to the invention, the first and the second temperature control means are designed to favor the cooling of the workpiece. As a result, the same or a similar value of the property (for example a high hardness or low toughness) can be set, in particular on the first and the second side of the workpiece, and a deviating value (for example, low hardness or high toughness) in the center region. ,
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs sind die ersten Temperiermittel zur Begünstigung der Abkühlung des Werkstücks und die zweiten Temperiermittel zur Hemmung der Abkühlung des Werkstücks ausgebildet. Dadurch können insbesondere auf der ersten und der zweiten Seite des Werkstücks unterschiedliche Werte der Eigenschaft (zum Beispiel eine hohe Härte bzw. geringe Zähigkeit einerseits und eine geringe Härte bzw. hohe Zähigkeit andererseits) eingestellt werden.According to one embodiment of the tool according to the invention, the first temperature control means for promoting the cooling of the workpiece and the second temperature control means for inhibiting the cooling of the workpiece are formed. As a result, different values of the property (for example a high hardness or low toughness on the one hand and a low hardness or high toughness on the other hand) can be set, in particular on the first and the second side of the workpiece.
In Bezug auf weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Werkzeugs wird auf die Beschreibung des Verfahrens verwiesen, wobei durch die Offenbarung von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens auch entsprechende Mittle zur Durchführung der Verfahrensschritte offenbart sein sollen.With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the tool, reference is made to the description of the method, wherein the disclosure of preferred embodiments of the method should also be disclosed corresponding means for performing the method steps.
Gemäß einer dritten Lehre der Erfindung wird die eingangs genannte Aufgabe auch durch ein gattungsgemäßes Werkstück, hergestellt nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gelöst. Die Werkstücke zeichnen sich also insbesondere dadurch aus, dass der Wert einer mechanischen Eigenschaft des Werkstücks über die Dicke des Werkstücks zumindest abschnittsweise variiert. Im Unterschied zu Werkstücken aus dem Stand der Technik, welche durch zwei geschweißte und gewalzte Brammen unterschiedlicher Werkstoffgüte bestehen, können die erfindungsgemäßen Werkstücke in dem Bereich der variierenden Eigenschaft gerade aus einem Werkstoff bestehen und trotzdem variierende Eigenschaften aufweisen.According to a third teaching of the invention, the object mentioned above is also achieved by a generic workpiece, prepared by a method according to the invention. The workpieces are therefore characterized in particular by the fact that the value of a mechanical property of the workpiece varies at least in sections over the thickness of the workpiece. In contrast to workpieces from the prior art, which consist of two welded and rolled slabs of different material quality, the workpieces according to the invention in the range of varying property can consist of a material and still have varying properties.
In Bezug auf weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Werkstücks wird auf die Beschreibung des Verfahrens zur Herstellung des Werkstücks verwiesen.With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the workpiece, reference is made to the description of the method for producing the workpiece.
Im Weiteren soll die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Die Zeichnung zeigt in
- Fig. 1
- erste erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele von Werkzeug, Verfahren und Werkstück;
- Fig. 2
- zweite erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele von Werkzeug, Verfahren und Werkstück;
- Fig. 3
- dritte erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele von Werkzeug, Verfahren und Werkstück;
- Fig. 4
- vierte erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele von Werkzeug, Verfahren und Werkstück;
- Fig. 5
- fünfte erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele von Werkzeug, Verfahren und Werkstück; und
- Fig. 6
- das erste erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiel mit exemplarischen Härteverläufen.
- Fig. 1
- first exemplary embodiments of the tool, method and workpiece according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- second embodiments of the invention of tool, method and workpiece;
- Fig. 3
- third embodiments of the invention of tool, method and workpiece;
- Fig. 4
- fourth embodiments of the invention of tool, method and workpiece;
- Fig. 5
- fifth embodiments of the invention of the tool, method and workpiece; and
- Fig. 6
- the first embodiment of the invention with exemplary hardness gradients.
In
Die Temperiermittel 6, 8 werden dann zusammengefahren und in direkten Kontakt mit dem erhitzten Werkstück 1 gebracht (
Somit wird ein monolithisches Werkstück 2 gebildet, welches auf der ersten und zweiten Seite 2, 4 unterschiedliche mechanische Eigenschaften aufweist. In diesem Beispiel wird die Härte in einem Bereich 10 auf der ersten Seite 2 des Werkstücks 1 auf einen ersten Wert von etwa 600 HV10 und die Härte in einem gegenüberliegenden Bereich 12 auf der zweiten Seite 4 des Werkstücks 1 auf einen zweiten Wert von etwa 400 HV10 eingestellt (
Der Härteverlauf B stellt sich ein, wenn die Temperatur der ersten gekühlten Temperiermittel 6 höher ist als in Szenario A und/oder die Kühlleistung geringer ist als in Szenario A. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können auch die zweiten beheizten Temperiermittel 8 eine entsprechend höhere Temperatur aufweisen. Die Zuhaltezeit des Werkzeugs ist geringer, damit die hohe Abkühlgeschwindigkeit (und damit Härtung) möglichst nur im Randbereich des Werkstücks 1 erfolgt.The hardness curve B occurs when the temperature of the first cooled
Claims (18)
wobei das Werkzeug dazu eingerichtet ist, die mechanische Eigenschaft so einzustellen, dass der Wert der mechanischen Eigenschaft über die Dicke des Werkstücks (1) zumindest abschnittsweise variiert.
wherein the tool is adapted to adjust the mechanical property so that the value of the mechanical property over the thickness of the workpiece (1) varies at least in sections.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102015115049.2A DE102015115049B4 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | Method and device for adjusting a mechanical property of a workpiece made of steel |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3141619A1 true EP3141619A1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
EP3141619B1 EP3141619B1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
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EP16185801.4A Revoked EP3141619B1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2016-08-26 | Method for adjusting a mechanical property of a workpiece made from steel |
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EP (1) | EP3141619B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015115049B4 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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EP3530760A1 (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-28 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Method for producing a thermoformed and hardened steel sheet component |
CN111944958A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2020-11-17 | 杨军 | Preparation method of high-strength block 316L stainless steel |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3141619B1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
DE102015115049B4 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
DE102015115049A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
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