EP3137404A1

EP3137404A1 - Drive belt or support belt of high tensile stiffness, in particular for elevator technology

Info

Publication number: EP3137404A1
Application number: EP15702730.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andre Kucharczyk; Hubert Göser
Original assignee: ContiTech Antriebssysteme GmbH
Current assignee: ContiTech Antriebssysteme GmbH
Priority date: 2014-04-30
Filing date: 2015-01-30
Publication date: 2017-03-08
Also published as: US20170043979A1; DE102014208223A1; WO2015165599A1; CN206590716U

Abstract

A drive system or support system, in particular for elevators, is described, comprising a belt pulley having a diameter of at least 70 mm and a drive belt or support belt which is curved around the belt pulley, wherein the drive belt or support belt comprises a cover layer (1), which is arranged on the lower side of the belt facing toward the belt pulley, and at least one tension layer (2), which is arranged directly above the cover layer; the cover layer is made of a polymeric material having elastic properties, the tension layer contains at least one fiber bundle which is almost unidirectional and which runs in the longitudinal direction of the belt, wherein certain relationships apply between the thickness of the cover layer, the thickness of the tension layer, the diameter of the belt pulley (4) and the Shore A hardness of the cover layer.

Description

Driving or carrying strap with high tensile stiffness, especially for the

lift technology

description

The invention relates to a drive or carrying system comprising a pulley and a belt around the pulley drive or support belt with high strength

Chemiefasern as Zugträger includes, the drive or carrying system containing

Devices and the use of the belt.

Belts play an outstanding role, especially in propulsion and handling technology. Such belts, also referred to as power transmission belts, may be in the form of flat belts, V-belts, V-ribbed belts, toothed belts or composite cables

be educated.

In elevator technology, steel cables are the most commonly used suspension element. For some years, steel ropes have been replaced more and more with belts. But the supporting elements in the belts are also steel cables. The steel cables are basically constructed as Cordkonstruktionen. In cord construction, many thin wires are twisted together into a cord. This gives the steel cables their bending flexibility.

The disadvantage of steel cables lies in their relatively high weight and in the increased elongation caused by the cord construction. By the cord construction thus a high bending flexibility is achieved, but it also results in an undesirably high elasticity or elongation.

To reduce the weight of high-strength chemical fibers offer, such as fibers of aramid, PBO, glass or carbon. To avoid the design strain should the fibers are as far as possible parallel to each other. The maximum stiffness is achieved when the fibers are arranged nearly parallel to each other. However, such parallel fibers have a low bending flexibility.

Upon bending such a bundle of fibers, e.g. in elevator technology around a traction disc, the outer fibers are subjected to tension and the inner fibers to pressure. FIG. 1c illustrates the tensile and compressive forces created during bending. The high-strength fibers such as carbon, aramid or glass are very sensitive to pressure loading and thus break very easily. Therefore, the desirable desirable in terms of weight savings and stiffness properties of substantially parallel fiber bundles as tensile carriers, when the application requires a bending of the fiber bundles.

The object of the invention was therefore to provide a system in which parallel bundles of fibers are used as tension members, but the pressure load in the fiber bundles during bending is avoided.

Surprisingly, the object could be achieved by providing the fiber bundle with an additional layer of material which has very good pressure and tensile properties. The cover layer is carried out in particular depending on the required bending radius in the respective application so that in a bending the pressure load is predominantly in the uncritical cover layer and the fiber bundle is loaded as possible only to train.

The object is therefore achieved by a drive or carrying system comprising a pulley with a diameter of at least 70 mm and one around the

Pulley curved drive or carrying belt, with the drive or

Strap comprises a cover layer disposed on the lower pulley side of the belt and at least one tension layer disposed immediately above the cover layer; the cover layer is formed of a polymeric material having elastic properties, and the tension layer is at least one longitudinal direction contains the belt running, almost unidirectional fiber bundle, wherein the following relationships apply:

a) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and Sh> 95 Shore A, then b> 1.2 xhb) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and 90 Shore A <Sh <95 Shore A, then b> 1 , 5 xhc) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and Sh <90 Shore A, then b> 2 xh

d) if 200 mm <d <500 mm, then 1.5 mm <b

e) if d> 500 mm then 2.5 mm <b,

where b is the thickness of the cover layer, h is the thickness of the tension layer, d is the diameter of the pulley and Sh is the Shore A hardness of the cover layer.

The belt has a high tensile stiffness. The inventive arrangement, the stiffness of the fiber bundle is optimally utilized in the train position in the drive or support belt. The tension-resistant belt can be bent around the pulley with little or no pressure in the fiber bundles. This significantly improves the stability of the belts. This allows the use of the belt in drive or lifting devices and in particular in elevator systems. In the following the invention will be explained in detail.

The drive or shoulder strap is also referred to simply as a belt in this application. The belt may be a closed belt, but is preferably an open belt. The strap may be of any length depending on the particular application.

The pulley has a diameter of at least 70 mm. All common pulleys can be used. It can be e.g. to act a deflecting disk or a drive pulley. The drive pulley is preferably a traction sheave.

The drive or carrying strap can be bent around the pulley at any angle of wrap, for example with a wrap angle of 90 ° to 270 ° on the drive or carrying strap, in particular on the traction sheave. The drive or shoulder strap comprises a cover layer and at least one tension layer. The cover layer is arranged at least on the lower, the pulley side facing the belt, ie it forms the tread or the contact surface for

Pulley.

The elasticity of the cover layer is achieved by forming the cover layer from a polymeric material having elastic properties. The polymeric material having elastic properties is preferably one or more elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers.

The polymeric material having elastic properties for the cover layer is preferably formed of rubber and / or a polyurethane, with polyurethane being particularly preferred.

Specific examples of the polymeric material having elastic properties, particularly elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers, are ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), partially hydrogenated or hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), fluoro rubber (FKM ), Natural rubber (NR), chloroprene rubber (CR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR) or polyurethane (PU), which are uncut or with at least one further rubber component, in particular with one of the abovementioned rubber types , blended, for example in the form of an EPM / EPDM or SBR / BR blend. Of particular importance is HNBR, EPM, EPDM, PU or an EPM / EPDM blend.

The cover layer is preferably a polyurethane, wherein the polyurethane may be an elastomer or a thermoplastic elastomer. The polyurethane is preferred

Crosslinking obtained from a polyurethane prepolymer with a crosslinker or crosslinker system. Polyurethane prepolymers can be formed by reacting polyols with polyisocyanates. By selecting the polyols and polyisocyanates used, polyurethane prepolymers having different properties can be obtained as needed. Examples of suitable polyols are polyester polyols, Polycarbonate polyols and polyether polyols. Examples of polyisocyanates are, in particular, diisocyanates, such as para-phenylene diisocyanate and 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.

Crosslinkers for polyurethane prepolymers are known in the art and also include chain extenders. Examples of crosslinkers are diamines and diols, such as 1,4-butanediol.

The polymeric material having elastic properties for the topcoat may optionally contain one or more additives conventional in the art. Examples are fillers, processing aids, plasticizers, aging protection agents and optionally further additives, such as fibers, in particular short fibers, for reinforcement and color pigments. The optional additives may be added to the starting components, i. the uncrosslinked rubber or the polyurethane prepolymer and the crosslinker or Vernetzersysstem, before or during crosslinking are mixed. In this regard, reference is made to the general state of rubber mixing technology.

The hardness of the cover layer can vary widely and can be adjusted depending on the application. The Shore A hardness of the cover layer may e.g. in the range of 80 to 99, preferably from 90 to 96. The Shore A hardness is determined according to DIN 53505 at 23 ° C.

The drive or support belt further comprises at least one tension layer, which contains at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the belt, almost unidirectional fiber bundle. The at least one fiber bundle is the tensile carrier.

A nearly unidirectional fiber bundle is a bundle of fibers arranged substantially parallel to one another. The fibers are preferably long fibers. A bundle of substantially parallel long fibers is also called roving. It is understood that in technical systems such as fiber bundles usually no ideal arrangement is achieved. Almost unidirectional fiber bundles are often also referred to simply as unidirectional fiber bundles. The at least one almost unidirectional fiber bundle in the tensile position can be fixed with substrates, such as plastic films or paper, threads and / or plastic or embedded in a plastic. The at least one almost unidirectional

Fiber bundle is preferably formed flat. Such almost unidirectional

Fiber bundles are commercially available, e.g. as UD tapes, UD scrims or UD layers.

UD is the abbreviation for unidirectional. UD tapes and UD scrims are also referred to as UD fiber tapes or UD fiber scrims and contain substantially parallel arranged long fibers, which are optionally fixed to substrates such as plastic films or paper, threads and / or plastic. UD scrims may e.g. through a paper or

Thread stitching are held together. UD layers are fiber composite plastics in which substantially parallel arranged long fibers are embedded in a plastic.

Two or more UD tapes, UD scrims, or UD layers may be laminated together as needed to form larger composites. In the laminates, the respective tapes, scrims or layers are arranged in particular so that the almost unidirectional fiber bundles are oriented in the same direction in the longitudinal direction.

Suitable plastics for fixing or embedding the almost unidirectional fiber bundles are thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, such as e.g.

Epoxy resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins or polyurethanes, and elastomers

Plastics, such as rubbers or polyurethanes.

The tension layer containing at least one almost unidirectional fiber bundle is preferably a UD tape, a UD scrim, a UD layer or a laminate thereof.

The fibers of the fiber bundle may be synthetic fibers, for example carbon fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers or basalt fibers. It can also be around Hybrid fiber bundles, wherein two or more fibers are made of a different material.

The fibers of the fiber bundle are e.g. carbon (carbon), glass, polybenzoxazole, aramid, basalt, polyamide (PA), polyester, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN) or at least two of these fibers, Fibers, aramid fibers, polybenzoxazole fibers, glass fibers and basalt fibers or at least two of these fibers are preferred. Particularly preferred are nearly unidirectional fiber bundles of carbon fibers and nearly unidirectional hybrid fiber bundles of carbon fibers and at least one other of the above fibers, e.g. Hybrid fiber bundles of carbon fibers and glass fibers.

The thickness of the tension layer can e.g. depending on the fiber material used, the diameter of the pulley and the intended application in wide ranges vary. The tension situation may e.g. a thickness h in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 5 mm. The width of the tension layer can vary in wide ranges, in particular depending on whether only one continuous or two or more juxtaposed Zuglagen be used. The tension situation may e.g. have a width in the range of 5 to 100 mm, preferably from 10 to 30 mm. Preferably, a tension layer or e.g. 2 to 10 juxtaposed and optionally spaced train layers used.

To avoid or significantly reduce the pressure load on the fiber bundles when using the belt, the cover layer thickness is set as a function of the boundary conditions. The thickness of the tension layer, the material properties, in particular the hardness, the cover layer and the smallest bending diameter determine the thickness of the cover layer.

The following geometric relationships have proven to be optimal for the belt depending on the wheel diameter and apply to the invention Drive and carrying system, where b represents the thickness of the top layer and h the thickness of the tension layer:

A) For a diameter of the pulley of 70 to 200 mm: for a cover layer with hardness> 95 Shore A the following applies: b> 1.2 xh for a cover layer with the hardness of 90 to 95 Shore A: b> 1.5 xh for a cover layer with a hardness <90 Shore A: b> 2 xh

B) If the diameter of the pulley exceeds 200 mm to 500 mm, the thickness of the outer layer b is> 1.5 mm.

C) If the diameter of the pulley exceeds 500 mm, the thickness of the covering layer b is> 2.5 mm.

For the relationships A), B) and C), the cover layer may theoretically also be significantly stronger than the minimum thickness required according to these relationships, but from a technical point of view this is not sensible or necessary. For example only, considering the above relationships A) to C), the thickness of the cover layer b may be e.g. with a diameter d of the pulley from 70 to 200 mm in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm, with a diameter d of the pulley of greater 200 to 500 mm in the range of 1.5 to 3 mm and a diameter d of Pulley larger than 500 mm in the range of 2.5 to 5 mm. But it is quite possible larger layer thicknesses.

The drive or shoulder strap can only consist of the top layer and the tension layer. In this embodiment, the cover layer is applied to one side of the tension layer, such as a U-belt, to obtain the belt. Details of the manufacturing method will be explained below. The cover layer and the tension layer together form the belt. In a preferred embodiment, the drive or support belt has a

A belt body comprising a belt back of a polymeric material having elastic properties and the cover layer. The tension layer may be sandwiched between the cover layer and the belt back. The tension layer is preferably embedded in the belt body.

As the polymeric material having elastic properties for the belt back, the same polymeric materials having elastic properties as described above for the cover layer can be used. It is therefore on the above

Information for the polymeric material having elastic properties including the preferred examples, the additives and the hardness referenced. The belt back is preferably made of polyurethane.

The strap back and cover layer may be formed of the same or a different polymeric material. In a preferred embodiment, they are formed from the same polymeric material having elastic properties.

In a specific embodiment, the strap back may be formed so that it forms an upper cover layer on the tension layer on the side of the belt opposite the cover layer, for which also the above-mentioned relationships for the cover layer a) to e) or A) to C) apply. The two outer layers may be the same or different in terms of polymeric material, hardness and / or layer thickness. In this way, the belt can be used on both sides as a running surface for the same or for different pulleys. In one embodiment, the belt is symmetrical, i. he has both under and over the Zuglage a cover layer as defined above, wherein both cover layers are made of the same material and have the same thickness.

The Zuglage runs consistently in the longitudinal direction of the belt. In the transverse direction of the drive or support belt, the tension position can be arranged continuously over the entire belt width or part of the belt width. It is also possible that in cross- direction of the drive or support belt two or more train layers are arranged side by side, wherein they are located in the thickness direction at the same height. These can also be spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction, so that free areas or areas filled with the strap back can be present on the cover layer between the individual tension layers.

The application of the cover layer and optionally the belt back to the at least one tension layer or the preferred embedding of the at least one tension layer in the belt body comprising the cover layer and the belt back can thereby be carried out in a conventional manner known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. by extrusion or casting, extrusion being preferred. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one tension layer is embedded in a polymeric material by casting or extrusion, wherein the polymeric material comprises the belt body of cover layer and

Belt backing forms. Cover layer and belt back are then formed of the same polymeric material having elastic properties.

It can e.g. a thermoplastic elastomer, optionally containing additives, as stated above, be converted by heating in a melt. The melt can then be applied to the at least one tensile layer by extrusion or casting or the at least one tensile layer is embedded in the melt by extrusion or casting. After cooling, the belt is obtained.

The drive or support belt is preferably a flat belt. The belt preferably has a rectangular cross-section, wherein the drive or support belt, for example, a width in the range of 10 to 120 mm, preferably 15 to 80 mm, and a thickness in the range of 1 to 12 mm, preferably 1.5 to 8 mm , having. The aspect ratio, ie the ratio of width to thickness, of the belt is preferably in the range of 5 to 30. The belt is preferably a drive belt. The invention also relates to a device comprising a drive or carrying system as described above. The device is preferably a drive and / or

Lifting device and in particular an elevator installation.

The belt described above is generally suitable for applications in the drive technology and lifting technology. The invention therefore also relates to the use of the belt comprising a cover layer as a tread and at least one tension layer disposed immediately above the cover layer, the cover layer being made of a polymeric material having elastic properties, and the tension layer being at least one longitudinal direction of the cover layer Belt comprises running, almost unidirectional fiber bundle, as a drive or support belt for a pulley with a diameter of at least 70 mm. The above information on the belt apply accordingly.

In the use according to the invention, it is preferred that the relationships already mentioned above apply:

a) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and Sh> 95 Shore A, then b> 1.2 x h, where b is preferably 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm

b) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and 90 Shore A <Sh <95 Shore A, then b> 1.5 x h, where b is preferably 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm

c) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and Sh <90 Shore A, then b> 2 x h, where b is preferably 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm

d) if 200 mm <d <500 mm, then 1.5 mm <b

e) if d> 500 mm then 2.5 mm <b,

As already stated above, for the relationships a) to e), the cover layer can theoretically also be significantly stronger than that required according to these relationships

Minimum thickness, but from a technical point of view, this is not useful or not

required. The invention will now be further explained by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to schematic drawings. Show it:

Fig. La-c a unidirectional fiber bundle in longitudinal section;

Fig. 2 shows a curved belt according to the invention in longitudinal section;

Fig. 3 is a belt pulley bent belt according to the invention in

Longitudinal section;

Fig. 4a-b two embodiments of a belt according to the invention in cross section.

Fig. La shows a unidirectional fiber bundle in longitudinal section without stress. Fig. Lb shows the unidirectional fiber bundle in longitudinal section under tensile stress in the longitudinal direction and the tensile forces occurring. Fig. Lc shows the unidirectional fiber bundle in a longitudinal section in the bent state and the tensile and compressive loads occurring.

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a belt according to the invention with a cover layer 1 with a thickness b and a tension layer 2 with a thickness h in the bent state and the tensile and compressive forces occurring.

Fig. 3 shows in longitudinal section an inventive drive or carrying system in which a belt with a cover layer 1 with a thickness b, a tension layer 2 with a thickness h and a belt back 3 is bent around a pulley 4.

In an exemplary concrete embodiment, which is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, form according to FIG. 3, the cover layer 1 with a thickness of 1.15 mm and the belt back 3 as a whole unit a belt body made of a polyurethane elastomer having a Shore A. Hardness of 92 Shore A. In the belt body, the tension layer 2 is embedded. The Zuglage 2 is a UD carbon fiber tape with a thickness of 0.7 mm. The belt is a flat belt with a width of about 30 mm and a thickness of about 3 mm. The pulley is a traction disc with a diameter of about 100 mm. This embodiment is suitable, for example, as a traction system for an elevator system.

In FIGS. 4a-b, a belt is shown in cross-section in two alternative embodiments in which one or three tension layers 2 are embedded in a belt body 5. The belt body 5 is formed in each case from a cover layer 1 and a belt back 3. These may each be the belt shown in FIG. 3. In Fig. 4a, a tension layer 2 is embedded in the belt body 5. 4b shows an embodiment in which three tension layers 2 are arranged next to one another and spaced apart in the transverse direction. The resulting space is filled by the belt body 5. The three train positions are arranged at the same height. FIGS. 4a and 4b show a symmetrical one

Embodiment in which both sides of the belt are formed as a cover layer.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 covering layer of the belt

2 allowance of the belt

3 Belt back of the belt

4 pulley

5 belt body

Claims

claims

A drive or carrying system comprising a pulley having a diameter of at least 70 mm and a drive or carrying belt bent around the pulley,

wherein the drive or support belt comprises a cover layer disposed on the lower pulley side of the belt and at least one tension layer disposed immediately above the cover layer;

the cover layer is of a polymeric material having elastic properties, and

the tension layer contains at least one almost unidirectional fiber bundle extending in the longitudinal direction of the belt,

where the following relationships apply:

a) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and Sh> 95 Shore A, then b> 1.2 x h

b) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and 90 Shore A <Sh <95 Shore A, then b> 1.5 xhc) if 70 mm <d <200 mm and Sh <90 Shore A, then b> 2 xh

d) if 200 mm <d <500 mm, then 1.5 mm <b

e) if d> 500 mm then 2.5 mm <b,

2. Drive or support system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulley is a traction disc.

3. drive or carrying system according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized

in that the drive or carrying strap has a belt body which comprises a belt back made of a polymeric material with elastic

Characteristics and the cover layer, wherein the tension layer is preferably embedded in the belt body.

4. Drive or carrying system according to claim 3, characterized in that the belt back and the cover layer are formed from the same or a different polymeric material.

5. Drive or carrying system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized

characterized in that the thickness h of the tension layer is in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm.

6. Drive or carrying system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized

in that the fibers of the fiber bundle are made of carbon, glass, polybenzoxazole, aramid, basalt, polyamide, polyester, polyetheretherketone, polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate or at least two of these fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, polybenzoxazole Fibers, glass fibers and basalt fibers are preferred and carbon fibers are particularly preferred.

7. Drive or carrying system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized

in that the cover layer is made of a rubber and / or a rubber

Polyurethane is formed, with polyurethane being preferred.

8. Drive or carrying system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized

in that the tension layer is a UD tape, a UD scrim, a UD layer or a laminate thereof.

A drive or carrying system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized

characterized in that in the transverse direction of the drive or support belt a train position is arranged continuously over the entire belt width or part of the belt width or in the transverse direction of the drive or support belt two or more train layers are arranged side by side.

10. Drive or carrying system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized

in that the drive or carrying strap is a flat belt.

A drive or support system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drive or support belt has a rectangular cross section, preferably with a width in the range of 15 to 80 mm and a thickness in the range of 1.5 to 8 mm.

12. A device comprising a drive or carrying system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the device is preferably a drive and / or lifting device and in particular an elevator system.

13. The use of a belt comprising a cover layer as a tread and at least one Zuglage, which is disposed directly above the cover layer, wherein the cover layer of a polymeric material having elastic properties and the Zuglage at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the belt, almost unidirectional Fiber bundle, as a drive or support belt for a pulley with a diameter of at least 70 mm,

preferably the following relationships apply:

d) if 200 mm <d <500 mm, then 1.5 mm <b

e) if d> 500 mm then 2.5 mm <b,

Use according to claim 13, wherein the drive or carrying strap is as defined in any one of claims 3 to 11.