EP3137372B1 - Fluked burying devices - Google Patents
Fluked burying devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3137372B1 EP3137372B1 EP15717953.2A EP15717953A EP3137372B1 EP 3137372 B1 EP3137372 B1 EP 3137372B1 EP 15717953 A EP15717953 A EP 15717953A EP 3137372 B1 EP3137372 B1 EP 3137372B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burying device
- chain cable
- link
- plane
- fluked burying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/24—Anchors
- B63B21/30—Anchors rigid when in use
- B63B21/34—Anchors rigid when in use with two or more flukes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/20—Adaptations of chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like, or of parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/24—Anchors
- B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/24—Anchors
- B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
- B63B2021/262—Anchors securing to bed by drag embedment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cable-mounted fluked burying devices for increasing both the penetration and holding capacity of a drag embedment marine anchor and cable system.
- fluked burying devices are disclosed in US Patent No. 3,685,479 which shows a first fluked burying device for mounting on a wire hawser and a second fluked burying device for mounting in a chain cable to form an integral link thereof.
- the fluked burying devices interact with seabed soil to impress axial forces in the cable which increase holding capacity directly.
- the devices also increase holding capacity indirectly by impressing transverse forces in the cable which counteract penetration resistance thereof to promote deeper penetration of the anchor with consequent increase in capacity.
- Disadvantages of the first fluked burying device include slippage of clamping means attaching the device to the wire hawser and both handling and operational damage arising from localised bending of the wire hawser due to lack of articulation at both forward and aft ends of the device.
- Disadvantages of the second fluked burying device include: a requirement for structural adaptation to carry high transmitted loads in the anchor cable which are considerably in excess of those contributed by the device; a requirement for costly connecting shackles to provide an adequate degree of articulation while carrying high transmitted loads; and a Classification Society requirement for the application of a high proof load to the device and to the shackles, on completion of manufacturing, equal to that required for the associated chain cable.
- the last-mentioned Classification Society requirement applies to all devices which are integral with the chain and through which chain tension is transmitted.
- a fluked burying device is defined by the features of claim 1.
- said defined attitude comprises alternate links of said chain cable being maintained in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry.
- said first contact points transfer axial load to corresponding points on a first link of said chain cable and said second contact points transfer transverse load to corresponding points on a second link of said chain cable.
- said second contact points are positioned such as to constrain induction of bending stresses in said link of said chain cable during operation of said fluked burying device to be similar to that which occurs in a wildcat of a windlass for tensioning said chain cable.
- said second contact points are positioned on said body member at two locations to bear on two of said links spaced apart such as to oppose turning moment induced in said fluked burying device during interaction with a seabed soil while penetrating therein with said chain cable taut.
- said two positions of said second contact points are spaced apart by not less than 12 times bar diameter of said links and, preferably, not less than 20 times said bar diameter.
- said second contact points are positioned such that said corresponding load transfer points on a link lying in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry are spaced from said plane of symmetry by a distance in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 times the nominal diameter of said link.
- said second contact points are positioned such that said corresponding load transfer points on a link lying in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry are separated from a central point of a crown section, lying in said plane of symmetry, of said link by a distance in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 times the nominal diameter of said link measured in a direction parallel to said axis of said chain cable.
- said attachment means comprises a pocket in said body member arranged of accommodate a link of said chain cable.
- said pocket constrains said link of said chain cable to lie in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry.
- said first contact points are located adjacent said fluke member whereby tensile loading impressed in said chain cable by said fluked burying device substantially bypasses the portion of said body member lying forward of said first contact points.
- said elongate members are plate-like.
- said pocket comprises an elongate slot perforating each of said plate-like elongate members to accommodate said link.
- said elongate members are spaced apart by a distance between 1.06 and 1.1 times the nominal diameter of said link.
- said body member has a width less than that of a link of said chain cable, measured transverse to said chain cable.
- said elongate members each have a width less than a bar diameter of a link of said chain cable and, further preferably, less than 0.5 times said bar diameter, measured transverse to said chain cable.
- said elongate members are splayed apart at an extremity such that a link of said chain cable emergent from said extremity can swing freely sideways from said plane of symmetry through an angle of up to 20°, with 12° further preferred.
- said emergent link can swing in said plane of symmetry through an angle of up to 90° from said longitudinal axis.
- said fluked burying device including said second contact points at two spaced locations also includes a roll stabilizer.
- a fluked burying device terminating said chain cable includes a yaw stabilizer.
- said fluked burying device is arranged such that a straight line containing a centre point of a forward crown section, lying in said plane of symmetry, of a link in a foremost pocket in said body member and a point of projection onto said plane of symmetry of a foremost point of said fluke member is inclined to said longitudinal axis at an angle in the range of 25° to 35°, with 30° further preferred.
- a fluked burying device 1 is formed in two parts 2, 3 comprising a port half 2 and a starboard half 3 , arranged for opposed attachment to each other about and in parallel with chain cable 4.
- Fluked burying device 1 is symmetrical about a plane of symmetry 5 ( Figs. 4 and 5 ) which contains axis 6 of chain cable 4 which extends internally within shank 7 thereof.
- Plane of symmetry 5 is vertically orientated when fluked burying device 1 is buried in seabed soil 38 of seabed 39 ( Fig.8 ).
- Port and starboard halves 2, 3 include shank 7 and fluke 8.
- Shank 7 comprises forward shank 7A, extending forward of fluke 8, and aft shank 7B, extending aft of fluke 8.
- Shank 7 and fluke 8 are formed respectively by plates 9 and 10 joined together at junction 11.
- Plate 9 of shank 7 has three slots 12A, 12B, and 12C ( Figs. 1, 2 and 4 ) formed therein to function as pockets for accommodating links 17A, 17B, and 17C respectively of chain cable 4.
- Links 16 are held in plane of symmetry 5 whereas links 17 are held at right angles thereto.
- Slots 12A, 12B, and 12C are axially aligned in a plane 13 ( Fig. 4 ) disposed at right angles to plane of symmetry 5.
- Longitudinal axis 14 of fluked burying device 1 is defined by the intersection of plane of symmetry 5 with plane 13 ( Figs. 3 and 4 ).
- slots 12A, 12B, and 12C hold axis 6 substantially coincident with axis 14.
- Port and starboard halves 2, 3 of fluked burying device 1 are assembled with plates 9 in parallel with plane of symmetry 5 and with corresponding slots 12A, 12B, and 12C registering with each other.
- Halves 2 and 3 and are fastened together sideways about chain cable 4 by means of bolts 15 passing through plates 9 and spacers 15A which serve to maintain sufficient clearance for links 16 ( Fig. 5 ) of chain cable 4 lying in plane of symmetry 5 to avoid clamping of links 16 by plates 9.
- spacers 15A space plates 9 apart by a distance in the range of 1.05 to 1.1 times the nominal diameter D ( Fig. 4 ) of chain cable 4.
- Slots 12A, 12B, and 12C provide a loose fit about corresponding links 17A, 17B, and 17C to provide sufficient clearance in a direction parallel to axis 14 ( Fig. 4 ) to allow chain cable 4 to stretch under extreme loading without being restrained by slots 12A, 12B, and 12C.
- Plate 9 has lower extension 9A and upper extension 9B, at junction 11, provided to support fluke 8.
- Tapered plate ribs 18 are welded to plates 9 and 10 to increase the bending resistance of fluke 8.
- Plate rib extensions 18A bearing against each other at plane of symmetry 5 take compressive loading between halves 2 and 3 of fluked burying device 1 ( Figs. 2 and 3 ).
- Distance E ( Fig. 4 ) separating forward end 12D of slot 12C from aft end 12E of slot 12B is chosen to provide minimal clearance between forward end 12D and link 17C and minimal clearance between aft end 12E and link 17B.
- Forward end 12D of slot 12C bearing on link 17C constitutes aft stop point 19A which prevents fluked burying device 1 from being pushed aft on chain cable 4 when fluke 8 is subjected to soil loading during forwards embedment of fluked burying device 1.
- Aft end 12E of slot 12B bearing on link 17B constitutes forward stop point 19B to arrest fluked burying device 1 from being pushed forward on chain cable 4 when fluke 8 is subjected to soil loading during rearwards recovery of fluked burying device 1.
- stop points 19A and 19B act together to locate fluked burying device 1 in a fixed position axially on chain cable 4 while the beforementioned allowance for stretching ensures that axial loading can be transferred only via stop points 19A or 19B irrespective of the magnitude of tension in chain cable 4.
- Transverse reaction bearing forces between shank 7 and links 17A and 17C of taut chain cable 4 acting through bearing contact points A at the forward ends of slots 12A and bearing contact points B at the aft ends of slots 12C provide a resisting moment to counteract a moment arising from loading of fluke 8 which tends to rotate fluked burying device 1 in plane of symmetry 5 relative to forward and aft portions of axis 6 of chain cable 4 external to fluked burying device 1.
- Bearing contact points A and B are separated by a moment arm distance L ( Fig. 4 ) approximately equal to 20 times the nominal bar diameter D ( Figs.
- Plate 10 of fluke 8 is inclined to plate 9 of shank 7 at an angle ⁇ ( Fig. 5 ) in the range 90° to 115°, with 95° preferred.
- Junction 11 between plate 10 of fluke 8 and plate 9 of shank 7 is inclined to axis 14 at angle ⁇ ( Fig. 4 ) which is in the range of 35° to 60°, with 50° preferred.
- Leading edge 21 of fluke 8 is inclined to junction 11 at an angle ⁇ ( Fig. 1 ) in the range 45° to 75°, with 60° preferred.
- a straight line 22 ( Fig.
- junction 11 is approximately 17 times diameter D .
- the length of trailing edge 27 of fluke 8 is approximately 13 times diameter D .
- diameter D equals 50mm
- the fluke area of fluked burying device 1 projected on a plane (not shown), containing junction 11 and at right angles to plane of symmetry 5 is approximately 0.9 square metre.
- Forward extremity 28 of plates 9 of forward shank 7A and rearward extremity 29 of plates 9 of aft shank 7B each have a radius R ( Fig. 4 ) made equal to 1.5 times diameter D .
- R Fig. 4
- rearward emergent link 16B Figs.
- link 17C which is restrained in slot 12C , but through only about 150° in plane of symmetry 5 due to chain cable 4 being restrained by making contact with fluke 8, while link 17E remains able to pivot simultaneously on link 16B through some 180° in a plane transverse to plane of symmetry 5 .
- Transverse loading contact points A and B ( Figs. 3 and 3A ) between plates 9 of shank 7 and links 17A and 17C are located at positions which normally occur when such chain links are loaded in a wildcat (also known as a cable-lifter or gypsy) of a windlass. These load transfer points are known from Figure 14 in published paper number 3813 of the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, May, 1980, by A. Berg and A.
- Taraldsen of Det Norske Veritas , which indicates that a central point of a load transfer area on a link lies at a distance of approximately 0.9D from a transverse plane containing the central axis of the chain link and separated by a distance of approximately 0.5D from the centre of a crown section of the link measured in a direction parallel to the central axis of the link.
- contact points A and B in shank 7 are arranged to be spaced by distance X ( Fig. 3A ) from plane of symmetry 5 and located such as to be separated from central point 23 of crown section 24 of link 17A or link 17C, respectively, by distance Y measured in a direction parallel to axis 6 of chain cable 4.
- Distance X is in the range 0.8D to 1.0D and distance Y is in the range 0.4D to 0.6D so that links 17A and 17C are loaded as if in a wildcat.
- Forward extremity 28 and rearward extremity 29 of plates 9 are splayed apart from lines A1 and B1 just aft and forward of points A and B respectively ( Figs. 4 and 5 ) through a bend angle ⁇ ( Fig.3 ) of 20° to allow links 16A and 16B to pivot through angle ⁇ out of plane of symmetry 5 before being arrested by the splayed extremities 28 and 29 .
- This allows azimuthal veering of chain cable 4 to be accommodated without bending link 16A or link 16B . Since spacing 1.1D between plates 9 is less than width 1.5D of a wildcat groove, the above-noted spacing of bearing points A and B from plane of symmetry 5 is maintained despite extremities 28 and 29 being splayed apart.
- the penetration resistance of chain cable 4 moving in direction P ( Figs. 6A and 8 ), inclined at angle ⁇ to axis 6 , in seabed soil 38 , is proportional to area AP of unit length of chain cable 4 viewed obliquely in direction P , where AP is gross area, neglecting internal apertures in chain cable 4 through which, in practice, soil is unable to flow.
- the width W ( Fig. 6A ) of a unit length of rectangular strip footing of area equal to AP is the effective footing width of chain cable 4 moving in direction P .
- W is a measure of the penetration resistance of chain cable 4 in seabed soil 38.
- shank 7 is restricted to being not greater than width WL, which is equal to 3.35D for studless chain, so that shank 7 does not add to the penetration resistance of chain cable 4 at the critical stage of penetrating into a firm seabed surface 40 when ⁇ is small. Further, adoption of a lesser width for shank 7 in the range of 1.9D to 2.2D is preferred when ⁇ increases as high as 30°, which is known to occur when a series of several fluked burying devices 1 penetrate deeply to depth Z ( Fig. 8 ) below seabed surface 40.
- Plates 9 and 10 are of thickness t9 ( Figs. 6 ) and t10 ( Fig. 5 ) respectively and may be of equal thickness for economy of fabrication. Thickness t9 of plates 9 is chosen to be less than diameter D so that width WS of shank 7 is less than 3.35D. Preferably, thickness t9 is chosen to be not more than 0.6D, and preferably less than 0.5D, to minimise the penetration resistance added by shank 7 to chain cable 4 at higher angles of inclination to axis 6 of the penetration direction P of chain cable 4.
- terminal fluked burying device 1A is a modification of fluked burying device 1 better suited for use as a terminal device at the end of chain cable 4.
- Shank 7 of terminal fluked burying device 1A is made hook-shaped in side view and lengthened to accommodate five links 17 of chain cable 4 in five slots 12.
- Fluke 8 is enlarged and offset from plane 13 and axis 14 such that furthest aft point 30 of junction 11 lies on or below plane 13.
- Shank 7 of fluked burying device 1A is splayed apart adjacent forward extremity 28A in the same manner as for fluked burying device 1.
- links 16A and 17A are supported and loaded in the same manner as for fluked burying device 1.
- Ultimate link 34 may also serve as a lug for attachment of a pendant line to facilitate installation.
- Plates 9 of shank 7 are extended to tip 20 of fluke 8 by way of tapered stiffeners 36 and 37 to enable terminal fluked burying device 1A to withstand high concentrated loading applied at tip 20.
- terminal fluked burying device 1A is, in essence, a marine drag embedment anchor constructed in two halves for assembly sideways onto chain cable 4 with chain cable 4 therein acting as a parallel load-bearing element and providing sufficient articulation to eliminate both a need for a conventional heavy and expensive shackle and the high penetration resistance penalty associated with such a shackle.
- Fluked burying devices 1 and 1A may be fitted with roll stabilizers 42 and yaw stabilizers 43 respectively ( Figs. 9 and 10 ).
- Roll stabilizers 42 ( Fig. 9 ) comprise rectangular plates 43 attached one at each side of fluked burying device 1 to edge 44 of fluke plate 10 at a position approximately midway along the length of edge 44 with edge 45 of plate 43 being aligned with edge 44 .
- Plates 43 lie in plane 46 which is disposed at right angles to plane of symmetry 5 ( Figs. 3 and 5 ) and which is inclined at an angle ⁇ to axis 14 of fluked burying device 1 .
- Plane 46 intersects plane of symmetry 5 in line 46A .
- Angle ⁇ is subtended by line 46A and axis 14 and is in the range of 0° to 40°, with 20° preferred.
- the area of plate 43 is in the range of 8 to 12 per cent of the area of each plate 10 with 10 per cent preferred. Soil incident on plate 43 produces a force parallel to plane of symmetry 5 which gives rise to a roll moment about axis 6 of chain cable 4. Any rolling action of fluked burying device 1 causes one of plates 43 to bury deeper in soil 38 than the other and so gives rise to a net imbalance in roll moments about axis 6 acting in opposition to the rolling action, thus providing a roll stabilizing effect.
- Fluked burying device 1 need be stabilized only in roll since tension in chain cable 4 resists yaw misalignment, between axis 14 of fluked burying device 1 and those portions of axis 6 of chain cable 4 adjacent and external to fluked burying device 1, by giving rise to a large countervailing moment.
- Yaw stabilizers 46 ( Fig. 10 ) comprise substantially triangular plates 47 attached one at each side of terminal fluked burying device 1A.
- a forward apex 47A of triangular plate 47 is attached to edge 48 of fluke plate 10 at a position approximately midway along the length of edge 48.
- Upper edge 49 of triangular plate 47 lies in plane 50 containing fluke plate 10 which is extended locally to support triangular plate 47 .
- Triangular plate 47 is located in plane 51 which is inclined at angle ⁇ to plane of symmetry 5 ( Figs. 3 and 5 ) such that the intersection (not shown) between plane 51 and plane of symmetry 5 is at right angles to axis 14 of terminal fluked burying device 1A.
- angle ⁇ Fig.
- fluked burying devices 1 may be used in conjunction with terminal fluked burying device 1A ( Fig. 8 ) to enable the full load carrying capability of any size of chain cable to be exploited fully.
- Each fluked burying device 1 effectively cancels adjacent penetration resistance of chain cable 4 in seabed soil 38 to allow terminal fluked burying device 1A to achieve penetration depth Z below seabed surface 40 sufficient for the load contributions of each device, in aggregate, to match the breaking load of chain cable 4.
- seabeds 39 having penetrable soils 38 of limited vertical extent overlying impenetrable rock layer 41 ( Fig. 8A )
- an extended series of fluked burying devices 1 may be deployed and installed against layer 41 , again with the load contributions from each device, in aggregate, being able to match the breaking load of chain cable 4.
- Terminal fluked burial device 1A may also be used in place of fluked burying device 1 to exploit the advantage of having a fluke offset from axis 6 of chain cable 4.
- a series of fluked burying devices 1A may, for example, be used on a hard sea bed surface 40 where offset flukes 8 are able to penetrate almost fully before underside 41 ( Fig. 7 ) of shank 7 bears on surface 40 of seabed 39 to resist or even arrest further embedment.
- plates 9 of shank 7 may be provided with a different number of slots 12 than shown in the accompanying drawings.
- additional elongated split spacers (not shown) between plates 9 may be provided along the periphery of shank 7 to enable external welding along the split line to be performed, after assembly of fluked burying device 1 onto chain cable 4, if so desired for long term service.
- fluked burying devices 1 and 1A are each constructed in two halves for final assembly on chain cable 4, the number deployed and the spacing between devices can be selected to suit soil conditions and user preferences.
- the devices are readily and cheaply transportable in gauge in standard shipping containers while disassembled.
- Incorporating chain cable 4 within fluked burial devices 1 and 1A and the splaying of plates 9 of shank 7 to provide an adequate degree of articulation eliminates need for expensive shackles.
- the use of chain cable 4 as a major load-bearing element within devices 1 and 1A allows a significant reduction in stresses to be achieved which results in reduced structural cost.
- the ability to distribute loading along a length of chain cable 4 by using a multiplicity of fluked burying devices 1 in conjunction with a terminal fluked burying device 1A allows high holding capacity to be obtained from seabeds having shallow or deep sediment conditions in a manner and at a low cost hitherto unobtainable.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to cable-mounted fluked burying devices for increasing both the penetration and holding capacity of a drag embedment marine anchor and cable system.
- Such fluked burying devices are disclosed in
US Patent No. 3,685,479 which shows a first fluked burying device for mounting on a wire hawser and a second fluked burying device for mounting in a chain cable to form an integral link thereof. The fluked burying devices interact with seabed soil to impress axial forces in the cable which increase holding capacity directly. The devices also increase holding capacity indirectly by impressing transverse forces in the cable which counteract penetration resistance thereof to promote deeper penetration of the anchor with consequent increase in capacity. - Disadvantages of the first fluked burying device include slippage of clamping means attaching the device to the wire hawser and both handling and operational damage arising from localised bending of the wire hawser due to lack of articulation at both forward and aft ends of the device.
- Disadvantages of the second fluked burying device include: a requirement for structural adaptation to carry high transmitted loads in the anchor cable which are considerably in excess of those contributed by the device; a requirement for costly connecting shackles to provide an adequate degree of articulation while carrying high transmitted loads; and a Classification Society requirement for the application of a high proof load to the device and to the shackles, on completion of manufacturing, equal to that required for the associated chain cable. The last-mentioned Classification Society requirement applies to all devices which are integral with the chain and through which chain tension is transmitted.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluked burying device for increasing the penetration and holding capacity of a drag embedment marine anchor and chain cable system which overcomes the above-noted disadvantages. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a modified fluked burying device capable of acting, additionally, as a substitute for a marine anchor used in a drag embedment marine anchor and chain cable system.
- According to the present invention, a fluked burying device is defined by the features of
claim 1. - Preferably, said defined attitude comprises alternate links of said chain cable being maintained in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry.
- Preferably, said first contact points transfer axial load to corresponding points on a first link of said chain cable and said second contact points transfer transverse load to corresponding points on a second link of said chain cable.
- Preferably, said second contact points are positioned such as to constrain induction of bending stresses in said link of said chain cable during operation of said fluked burying device to be similar to that which occurs in a wildcat of a windlass for tensioning said chain cable.
- Preferably, said second contact points are positioned on said body member at two locations to bear on two of said links spaced apart such as to oppose turning moment induced in said fluked burying device during interaction with a seabed soil while penetrating therein with said chain cable taut.
- Preferably, said two positions of said second contact points are spaced apart by not less than 12 times bar diameter of said links and, preferably, not less than 20 times said bar diameter.
- Preferably, said second contact points are positioned such that said corresponding load transfer points on a link lying in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry are spaced from said plane of symmetry by a distance in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 times the nominal diameter of said link.
- Preferably, said second contact points are positioned such that said corresponding load transfer points on a link lying in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry are separated from a central point of a crown section, lying in said plane of symmetry, of said link by a distance in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 times the nominal diameter of said link measured in a direction parallel to said axis of said chain cable.
- Preferably, said attachment means comprises a pocket in said body member arranged of accommodate a link of said chain cable.
- Preferably, said pocket constrains said link of said chain cable to lie in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry.
- Preferably, said first contact points are located adjacent said fluke member whereby tensile loading impressed in said chain cable by said fluked burying device substantially bypasses the portion of said body member lying forward of said first contact points.
- Preferably, said elongate members are plate-like.
- Preferably, said pocket comprises an elongate slot perforating each of said plate-like elongate members to accommodate said link.
- Preferably, said elongate members are spaced apart by a distance between 1.06 and 1.1 times the nominal diameter of said link.
- Preferably, said body member has a width less than that of a link of said chain cable, measured transverse to said chain cable.
- Preferably, said elongate members each have a width less than a bar diameter of a link of said chain cable and, further preferably, less than 0.5 times said bar diameter, measured transverse to said chain cable.
- Preferably, said elongate members are splayed apart at an extremity such that a link of said chain cable emergent from said extremity can swing freely sideways from said plane of symmetry through an angle of up to 20°, with 12° further preferred.
- Preferably, said emergent link can swing in said plane of symmetry through an angle of up to 90° from said longitudinal axis.
- Preferably, said fluked burying device including said second contact points at two spaced locations also includes a roll stabilizer.
- Preferably, a fluked burying device terminating said chain cable includes a yaw stabilizer.
- Preferably, said fluked burying device is arranged such that a straight line containing a centre point of a forward crown section, lying in said plane of symmetry, of a link in a foremost pocket in said body member and a point of projection onto said plane of symmetry of a foremost point of said fluke member is inclined to said longitudinal axis at an angle in the range of 25° to 35°, with 30° further preferred.
- Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
-
Fig.1 shows an oblique front view of a fluked burying device; -
Fig. 2 shows an oblique rear view of the fluked burying device ofFig.1 ; -
Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the fluked burying device ofFig. 1 ; -
Fig. 3A shows a detail ofFig. 3 to a larger scale; -
Fig. 4 shows a side view of the fluked burying device ofFig. 1 ; -
Fig. 5 shows a view of the fluked burying device ofFig. 1 in direction X ofFig. 4 :-
Fig. 6 shows a section Y-Y of the fluked burying device ofFig. 4 ; -
Fig. 6A shows effective footing width W of inclined studless chain cable; -
Fig. 7 shows a side view of a modification of the fluked burying device ofFig. 1 ; -
Fig. 8 shows fluked burying devices installed in a deep layer of soil; -
Fig. 8A shows fluked burying devices installed in a shallow layer of soil over rock; -
Fig. 9 shows an oblique view of the fluked burying device ofFig. 1 with roll stabilizers; -
Fig. 10 shows an oblique view of the fluked burying device ofFig. 7 with yaw stabilizers.
-
- Referring to
Figs. 1 to 6 , a flukedburying device 1 is formed in twoparts port half 2 and astarboard half 3, arranged for opposed attachment to each other about and in parallel withchain cable 4. Flukedburying device 1 is symmetrical about a plane of symmetry 5 (Figs. 4 and5 ) which containsaxis 6 ofchain cable 4 which extends internally withinshank 7 thereof. Plane ofsymmetry 5 is vertically orientated when flukedburying device 1 is buried inseabed soil 38 of seabed 39 (Fig.8 ). Port andstarboard halves shank 7 andfluke 8.Shank 7 comprisesforward shank 7A, extending forward offluke 8, andaft shank 7B, extending aft offluke 8.Shank 7 andfluke 8 are formed respectively byplates junction 11.Plate 9 ofshank 7 has threeslots Figs. 1, 2 and4 ) formed therein to function as pockets foraccommodating links chain cable 4.Links 16 are held in plane ofsymmetry 5 whereaslinks 17 are held at right angles thereto.Slots Fig. 4 ) disposed at right angles to plane ofsymmetry 5.Longitudinal axis 14 of flukedburying device 1 is defined by the intersection of plane ofsymmetry 5 with plane 13 (Figs. 3 and 4 ). Thus,slots axis 6 substantially coincident withaxis 14. - Port and
starboard halves burying device 1 are assembled withplates 9 in parallel with plane ofsymmetry 5 and withcorresponding slots chain cable 4 by means ofbolts 15 passing throughplates 9 andspacers 15A which serve to maintain sufficient clearance for links 16 (Fig. 5 ) ofchain cable 4 lying in plane ofsymmetry 5 to avoid clamping oflinks 16 byplates 9. Thus,spacers 15A space plates 9 apart by a distance in the range of 1.05 to 1.1 times the nominal diameter D (Fig. 4 ) ofchain cable 4.Slots corresponding links Fig. 4 ) to allowchain cable 4 to stretch under extreme loading without being restrained byslots -
Plate 9 haslower extension 9A andupper extension 9B, atjunction 11, provided to supportfluke 8. Taperedplate ribs 18 are welded toplates fluke 8.Plate rib extensions 18A bearing against each other at plane ofsymmetry 5 take compressive loading betweenhalves Figs. 2 and3 ). Distance E (Fig. 4 ) separating forward end 12D ofslot 12C fromaft end 12E ofslot 12B is chosen to provide minimal clearance betweenforward end 12D and link 17C and minimal clearance betweenaft end 12E and link 17B.Forward end 12D ofslot 12C bearing onlink 17C constitutesaft stop point 19A which prevents fluked buryingdevice 1 from being pushed aft onchain cable 4 whenfluke 8 is subjected to soil loading during forwards embedment of fluked buryingdevice 1.Aft end 12E ofslot 12B bearing onlink 17B constitutes forward stoppoint 19B to arrest fluked buryingdevice 1 from being pushed forward onchain cable 4 whenfluke 8 is subjected to soil loading during rearwards recovery of fluked buryingdevice 1. Thus, stoppoints device 1 in a fixed position axially onchain cable 4 while the beforementioned allowance for stretching ensures that axial loading can be transferred only via stop points 19A or 19B irrespective of the magnitude of tension inchain cable 4. - Since
links respective slots chain cable 4 and fluked buryingdevice 1 causes either stoppoint 19A to bear onlink 17C or stoppoint 19B to bear onlink 17B to act as the sole point of transfer of axial force intochain cable 4 fromplate 9 of fluked buryingdevice 1 during forwards embedment and rearwards recovery respectively. Importantly, location ofstop point 19A proximal tojunction 11 eliminates direct stress in almost the whole offorward shank 7A arising from soil loading onfluke 8. Since tensile loading impressed inchain cable 4 aft of fluked buryingdevice 1 bypasses bothforward shank 7A andaft shank 7B, no direct tensile stresses resulting therefrom are additionally induced therein. - Transverse reaction bearing forces between
shank 7 andlinks taut chain cable 4 acting through bearing contact points A at the forward ends ofslots 12A and bearing contact points B at the aft ends ofslots 12C (Fig. 4 ) provide a resisting moment to counteract a moment arising from loading offluke 8 which tends to rotate fluked buryingdevice 1 in plane ofsymmetry 5 relative to forward and aft portions ofaxis 6 ofchain cable 4 external to fluked buryingdevice 1. Bearing contact points A and B are separated by a moment arm distance L (Fig. 4 ) approximately equal to 20 times the nominal bar diameter D (Figs. 4 and6 ) oflinks chain cable 4 although, for a fluked buryingdevice 1 pocketing only two oflinks 17, distance L could be as low as approximately 12 times diameter D. The bending moment induces bending stresses inshank 7 which predominate inforward shank 7A (Fig. 4 ) when concentrated loading occurs attip 20 offluke 8 due to lodging, say, on an obstruction such as a rock. However, peak tensile bending moment stresses are not boosted by added direct stresses with the result thatshank 7 and, particularly,forward shank 7A may be of lighter and thus lower cost construction. This advantageous arrangement arises from the separation distance M (Fig. 4 ), approximately equal to 15D, provided between the forward application points A of transverse loading and thepoints 19A of axial loading and is an important aspect of fluked buryingdevice 1. -
Plate 10 offluke 8 is inclined to plate 9 ofshank 7 at an angle α (Fig. 5 ) in the range 90° to 115°, with 95° preferred.Junction 11 betweenplate 10 offluke 8 andplate 9 ofshank 7 is inclined toaxis 14 at angle β (Fig. 4 ) which is in the range of 35° to 60°, with 50° preferred. Leadingedge 21 offluke 8 is inclined tojunction 11 at an angle γ (Fig. 1 ) in therange 45° to 75°, with 60° preferred. A straight line 22 (Fig. 4 ), in plane ofsymmetry 5, joiningcentre 23 of aforward crown section 24 ofpocketed link 17A to a point ofprojection 25 oftip 20 offluke 8 onto plane ofsymmetry 5, is inclined toaxis 14 at an acute angle δ and forms, aft oftip 20, an acute angle ε with aprojection line 26 ofjunction 11 onto plane ofsymmetry 5. Angle δ is in the range of 25° to 35°, with 30° preferred and angle ε is in the range of 60° to 85°, with 80° preferred for fluked buryingdevice 1 and 65° preferred for terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A (Fig. 7 ) described below. - The length of
junction 11 is approximately 17 times diameter D. The length of trailingedge 27 offluke 8 is approximately 13 times diameter D. Thus, when diameter D equals 50mm, the fluke area of fluked buryingdevice 1 projected on a plane (not shown), containingjunction 11 and at right angles to plane ofsymmetry 5, is approximately 0.9 square metre. -
Forward extremity 28 ofplates 9 offorward shank 7A andrearward extremity 29 ofplates 9 ofaft shank 7B each have a radius R (Fig. 4 ) made equal to 1.5 times diameter D. This allows forwardemergent link 16A (Figs. 1,2 ,4 and5 ) to pivot onlink 17A, which is restrained inslot 12A, through some 180° in plane ofsymmetry 5 and allows link 17D (Fig. 4 ) to pivot simultaneously onlink 16A through some 180° in a plane transverse to plane ofsymmetry 5. Similarly, rearwardemergent link 16B (Figs. 2 and4 ) can pivot onlink 17C, which is restrained inslot 12C, but through only about 150° in plane ofsymmetry 5 due tochain cable 4 being restrained by making contact withfluke 8, whilelink 17E remains able to pivot simultaneously onlink 16B through some 180° in a plane transverse to plane ofsymmetry 5. - Transverse loading contact points A and B (
Figs. 3 and3A ) betweenplates 9 ofshank 7 andlinks shank 7 are arranged to be spaced by distance X (Fig. 3A ) from plane ofsymmetry 5 and located such as to be separated fromcentral point 23 ofcrown section 24 oflink 17A or link 17C, respectively, by distance Y measured in a direction parallel toaxis 6 ofchain cable 4. Distance X is in the range 0.8D to 1.0D and distance Y is in the range 0.4D to 0.6D so thatlinks - In a 5-pocket wildcat, commonly adopted for service in the offshore drilling industry, the angular displacement between adjacent supported and unsupported chain links is 36°. When fluked burying
device 1 is embedded inseabed soil 38, link 16A can become displaced angularly in plane ofsymmetry 5 through a maximum of 30° from adjacent supportedlink 17A due to coming into alignment with line 22 (Fig. 4 ) when a localised force is applied attip 20 offluke 8 by, say, a rocky obstruction. Therefore, the transverse component of tension inchain cable 4 which gives rise to induction of bending stresses in supportedlink 17A is less than would occur in a wildcat by a factor sin30/sin36 = 0.85. Thus, constraint inslots 12A enableslinks 17A (and, similarly, 17C) to be operated at 15 per cent lower bending stress for equivalent axial tension than occurs in a wildcat. -
Forward extremity 28 andrearward extremity 29 ofplates 9 are splayed apart from lines A1 and B1 just aft and forward of points A and B respectively (Figs. 4 and5 ) through a bend angle θ (Fig.3 ) of 20° to allowlinks symmetry 5 before being arrested by the splayedextremities chain cable 4 to be accommodated without bendinglink 16A or link 16B. Since spacing 1.1D betweenplates 9 is less than width 1.5D of a wildcat groove, the above-noted spacing of bearing points A and B from plane ofsymmetry 5 is maintained despiteextremities - The component of force acting transversely on fluked burying
device 1 or terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A when link 16A has pivoted 20° sideways out of plane ofsymmetry 5, due to azimuthal veering ofchain cable 4 while taut, is 34 per cent of tensile loading inchain cable 4. This is sufficient to turn fluked buryingdevice 1 or terminal flukedburial device 1A into the direction of veering when embedded inseabed soil 38 with the result that peak pivoting oflink 16A, in actuality, is considerably less than 20°. Thus, link 16A (and, similarly, link 16B) is subjected only to tensile loading during such veering. - The above described combination of support, constraint, and freedom of articulation accorded
links links plates 9 atextremities chain cable 4 issuing fromshank 7 of fluked buryingdevice 1 to function normally, without incurring a penalty by way of increased bending stresses inlinks - The penetration resistance of
chain cable 4 moving in direction P (Figs. 6A and8 ), inclined at angle Ø toaxis 6, inseabed soil 38, is proportional to area AP of unit length ofchain cable 4 viewed obliquely in direction P, where AP is gross area, neglecting internal apertures inchain cable 4 through which, in practice, soil is unable to flow. The width W (Fig. 6A ) of a unit length of rectangular strip footing of area equal to AP is the effective footing width ofchain cable 4 moving in direction P. W is a measure of the penetration resistance ofchain cable 4 inseabed soil 38. When viewed in direction P, links 17 appear to close and merge together as Ø decreases, thus indicating that W varies inversely and non-linearly with Ø (Fig. 6A ). With respect to studless chain, in which width WL oflink 17 is 3.35D, it may be determined that for 0° ≤ Ø ≤ 10°, 3.35D ≥ W ≥ 3.25D; for Ø = 30°, W = 2.69D; and for Ø = 90°, W = 2.48D. Thus, substantially maximum penetration resistance, being 3.25/3.35 x 100 = 97 per cent, remains present when Ø is as high as 10° and,similarly, 80 per cent of maximum penetration resistance remains present for Ø equal to 30°. Accordingly, width WS (Fig. 6 ) ofshank 7 is restricted to being not greater than width WL, which is equal to 3.35D for studless chain, so thatshank 7 does not add to the penetration resistance ofchain cable 4 at the critical stage of penetrating into afirm seabed surface 40 when Ø is small. Further, adoption of a lesser width forshank 7 in the range of 1.9D to 2.2D is preferred when Ø increases as high as 30°, which is known to occur when a series of several fluked buryingdevices 1 penetrate deeply to depth Z (Fig. 8 ) belowseabed surface 40. -
Plates Figs. 6 ) and t10 (Fig. 5 ) respectively and may be of equal thickness for economy of fabrication. Thickness t9 ofplates 9 is chosen to be less than diameter D so that width WS ofshank 7 is less than 3.35D. Preferably, thickness t9 is chosen to be not more than 0.6D, and preferably less than 0.5D, to minimise the penetration resistance added byshank 7 tochain cable 4 at higher angles of inclination toaxis 6 of the penetration direction P ofchain cable 4. - Referring now to
Fig. 7 , terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A is a modification of fluked buryingdevice 1 better suited for use as a terminal device at the end ofchain cable 4.Shank 7 of terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A is made hook-shaped in side view and lengthened to accommodate fivelinks 17 ofchain cable 4 in fiveslots 12.Fluke 8 is enlarged and offset fromplane 13 andaxis 14 such that furthestaft point 30 ofjunction 11 lies on or belowplane 13.Shank 7 of fluked buryingdevice 1A is splayed apart adjacentforward extremity 28A in the same manner as for fluked buryingdevice 1. Also,links device 1. The increased offset loading offluke 8 results in higher bending moments inshank 7. These induce higher stresses which are accommodated by increasing appropriately the section depth ofplates 9 with distance fromend 28A ofshank 7 and addingdoubler plates 31 betweenplates 9 to act as spacers which increase the strength ofshank 7 without increasing width WS thereof. Two contouredspacer plates 32 are welded to each ofplates 9 to act both as spacers and providestop points penultimate link 33 andultimate link 34 ofchain cable 4, lying in plane ofsymmetry 5, are restrained thereby.Heavy bolts 35 pass throughplates 9 andspacer plates 32 to preventspacer plates 32 from being forced apart by large forces transferred thereto fromultimate link 34. Ultimate link 34 may also serve as a lug for attachment of a pendant line to facilitate installation.Plates 9 ofshank 7 are extended to tip 20 offluke 8 by way of taperedstiffeners device 1A to withstand high concentrated loading applied attip 20. Thus, terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A is, in essence, a marine drag embedment anchor constructed in two halves for assembly sideways ontochain cable 4 withchain cable 4 therein acting as a parallel load-bearing element and providing sufficient articulation to eliminate both a need for a conventional heavy and expensive shackle and the high penetration resistance penalty associated with such a shackle. -
Fluked burying devices roll stabilizers 42 andyaw stabilizers 43 respectively (Figs. 9 and 10 ). - Roll stabilizers 42 (
Fig. 9 ) compriserectangular plates 43 attached one at each side of fluked buryingdevice 1 to edge 44 offluke plate 10 at a position approximately midway along the length ofedge 44 withedge 45 ofplate 43 being aligned withedge 44.Plates 43 lie inplane 46 which is disposed at right angles to plane of symmetry 5 (Figs. 3 and5 ) and which is inclined at an angle Δ toaxis 14 of fluked buryingdevice 1.Plane 46 intersects plane ofsymmetry 5 inline 46A. Angle Δ is subtended byline 46A andaxis 14 and is in the range of 0° to 40°, with 20° preferred. The area ofplate 43 is in the range of 8 to 12 per cent of the area of eachplate 10 with 10 per cent preferred. Soil incident onplate 43 produces a force parallel to plane ofsymmetry 5 which gives rise to a roll moment aboutaxis 6 ofchain cable 4. Any rolling action of fluked buryingdevice 1 causes one ofplates 43 to bury deeper insoil 38 than the other and so gives rise to a net imbalance in roll moments aboutaxis 6 acting in opposition to the rolling action, thus providing a roll stabilizing effect.Fluked burying device 1 need be stabilized only in roll since tension inchain cable 4 resists yaw misalignment, betweenaxis 14 of fluked buryingdevice 1 and those portions ofaxis 6 ofchain cable 4 adjacent and external to fluked buryingdevice 1, by giving rise to a large countervailing moment. - Yaw stabilizers 46 (
Fig. 10 ) comprise substantiallytriangular plates 47 attached one at each side of terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A. Aforward apex 47A oftriangular plate 47 is attached to edge 48 offluke plate 10 at a position approximately midway along the length ofedge 48.Upper edge 49 oftriangular plate 47 lies inplane 50 containingfluke plate 10 which is extended locally to supporttriangular plate 47.Triangular plate 47 is located inplane 51 which is inclined at angle Ω to plane of symmetry 5 (Figs. 3 and5 ) such that the intersection (not shown) betweenplane 51 and plane ofsymmetry 5 is at right angles toaxis 14 of terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A. Thus, when angle α (Fig. 5 ) of fluked buryingdevice 1A equals 90°, angle Ω is included betweenedges triangular plate 47 is in the range of 8 per cent to 20 per cent of the area of eachfluke plate 10, with 14 per cent preferred. Any rolling of terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A causes yaw to occur due to a lack of a countervailing moment being produced from through tension inchain cable 4, as previously mentioned forfluked buying device 1. Thus, terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A is subject to a roll-yaw couple. Since the resistance insoil 38 to rolling of terminal fluked buyingdevice 1A is greater than the resistance to yawing, it is easier and more effective to stabilize in yaw than in roll. Stabilization in yaw preventingfluke point 20 of fluked buryingdevice 1A from moving sideways along a helical roll-yaw path that would otherwise occur under the influence of a roll-yaw couple. Any rolling action of fluked buryingdevice 1 causes one oftriangular plates 47 to bury deeper insoil 38 than the other and so gives rise to a stabilizing net imbalance in yaw moments about the articulation contact point betweenlinks chain cable 4 adjacentforemost end 28A ofshank 7. This acts against incipient rolling action by preventingfluke point 20 from moving sideways along the unstable helical roll-yaw path. - Several fluked burying
devices 1 may be used in conjunction with terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A (Fig. 8 ) to enable the full load carrying capability of any size of chain cable to be exploited fully. Each fluked buryingdevice 1 effectively cancels adjacent penetration resistance ofchain cable 4 inseabed soil 38 to allow terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A to achieve penetration depth Z belowseabed surface 40 sufficient for the load contributions of each device, in aggregate, to match the breaking load ofchain cable 4. Inseabeds 39 havingpenetrable soils 38 of limited vertical extent overlying impenetrable rock layer 41 (Fig. 8A ), an extended series of fluked buryingdevices 1 may be deployed and installed againstlayer 41, again with the load contributions from each device, in aggregate, being able to match the breaking load ofchain cable 4. - Terminal fluked
burial device 1A, now simply referred to as flukedburial device 1A, may also be used in place of fluked buryingdevice 1 to exploit the advantage of having a fluke offset fromaxis 6 ofchain cable 4. A series of fluked buryingdevices 1A may, for example, be used on a hardsea bed surface 40 where offsetflukes 8 are able to penetrate almost fully before underside 41 (Fig. 7 ) ofshank 7 bears onsurface 40 ofseabed 39 to resist or even arrest further embedment. - It will be readily appreciated that variations of the above described fluked burying devices are possible within the scope of the present invention. For example,
plates 9 ofshank 7 may be provided with a different number ofslots 12 than shown in the accompanying drawings. Also, additional elongated split spacers (not shown) betweenplates 9, split about plane ofsymmetry 5, may be provided along the periphery ofshank 7 to enable external welding along the split line to be performed, after assembly of fluked buryingdevice 1 ontochain cable 4, if so desired for long term service. - The present invention provides numerous advantages. Since fluked burying
devices chain cable 4, the number deployed and the spacing between devices can be selected to suit soil conditions and user preferences. The devices are readily and cheaply transportable in gauge in standard shipping containers while disassembled. Incorporatingchain cable 4 within flukedburial devices plates 9 ofshank 7 to provide an adequate degree of articulation eliminates need for expensive shackles. The use ofchain cable 4 as a major load-bearing element withindevices chain cable 4 by using a multiplicity of fluked buryingdevices 1 in conjunction with a terminal fluked buryingdevice 1A allows high holding capacity to be obtained from seabeds having shallow or deep sediment conditions in a manner and at a low cost hitherto unobtainable.
Claims (20)
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A) for mounting on a chain cable (4), formed substantially in two halves (2, 3) for opposed sideways assembly on said chain cable (4) includes a plane of symmetry (5) and comprises a body member (7) comprising two elongate members (9, 10) each disposed substantially parallel to said plane of symmetry (5) and each extending when mounted on the chain cable along one of two opposed sides of said chain cable (4) and a fluke member (8) attached to the body member (7) at an acute angle of inclination to a longitudinal axis (14) of said body member (7), and includes attachment means (12A, 12B, 12C, 19A, 19B), in the form of elongated slots for holding said body member (7) in a fixed position on a chain cable (4) comprising a series of links (16, 17) by means of bolts (15) extending between the parts of the body member (7), whereby said longitudinal axis (14) is maintained substantially aligned with an axis (6) of said chain cable (4), said body member (7) being adapted to maintain said chain cable (4) extending in a defined attitude therein, said attachment means (12B, 12C) including first contact points (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) on said body member (7) engaging corresponding points on a link (17B, 17C) of said chain cable (4) and second contact points (A, B) on said body member (7) engaging corresponding points on a link (17A, 17C) of said chain cable (4).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), according to claim 1, wherein said defined attitude comprises alternate links (17) of said chain cable (4) being maintained in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry (5).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), according to claims 1 or 2, wherein said second contact points (A, B) are positioned such as to constrain induction of bending stresses in said link (17A, 17C) of said chain cable (4) during operation of said fluked burying device (1, 1A) to be similar to that which occurs in a wildcat of a windlass when tensioning said chain cable (4).
- A fluked burying device (1), as claimed in claims 1 to 3, wherein said second contact points (A, B) are positioned on said body member (7) at two locations to bear on two of said links (17A, 17C) spaced apart such as to oppose turning moment induced in said fluked burying device (1) during interaction with a seabed soil (38) while penetrating therein when said chain cable (4) is taut.
- A fluked burying device (1), according to claim 4, wherein said two locations of said second contact points (A, B) are spaced apart by not less than 12 times bar diameter (D) of said links (16, 17) and, preferably, not less than 20 times said bar diameter (D).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), according to claims 1 to 5, wherein said second contact points (A, B) are positioned such that said corresponding load transfer points on a link (17A, 17C) lying in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry (5) are spaced from said plane of symmetry (5) by a distance in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 times the nominal bar diameter (D) of said link (17A, 17C).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), as claimed in claims 1 to 6, wherein said second contact points (A, B) are positioned such that said corresponding load transfer points on a link (17A, 17C) lying in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry (5) are separated from a central point of a crown section, lying in said plane of symmetry (5), of said link (17A, 17C) by a distance in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 times the nominal bar diameter (D) of said link (17A, 17C) measured in a direction parallel to said axis (6) of said chain cable.
- Afluked burying device (1, 1A), according to claims 1 to 7, wherein said attachment means (12A, 12B, 12C, 19A,19B) comprises a pocket (12A, 12B, 12C) in said body member arranged to accommodate a link (17A, 17B, 17C) of said chain cable (4).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), according to claim 8, wherein said pocket (12A, 12B, 12C) constrains said link (17A, 17B, 17C) of said chain cable (4) to lie in a plane at right angles to said plane of symmetry (5).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said first contact points (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D) are located adjacent said fluke member (8) whereby tensile loading impressed in said chain cable (4) by said fluked burying device (1, 1A) substantially bypasses that portion of said body member (7) lying forward of said first contact points (19A, 19B, 19C, 19D).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said elongate members (9, 10) are plate-like.
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), according to claim 11 , wherein said pocket (12A, 12B, 12C) comprises an elongate slot (12A, 12B, 12C) perforating each of said plate-like elongate members (9,10) to accommodate said link (17A, 17B, 17C).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), as claimed in claim 11 or 12 wherein said plate-like elongate members (9, 10) are spaced apart by a distance between 1.06 and 1.1 times the nominal diameter of said link (16, 17).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said body member (7) has a width less than that of a link (16, 17) of said chain cable (4), measured transverse to said chain cable (4).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), as claimed in claims 11 to 14 wherein said plate-like elongate members (9, 10) each have a thickness (t9) less than bar diameter (D) of a link (16, 17) of said chain cable (4) and, further preferably, less than 0.5 times said bar diameter (D).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), according to claims 11 to 13 and 15 wherein said elongate members (9, 10) are splayed apart at an extremity (28, 29) such that a link (16A, 16B) of said chain cable (4) emergent from said extremity (28, 29) can swing freely sideways from said plane of symmetry (5) through an angle (θ) of up to 20°, with 12° further preferred.
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), according to claim 16 wherein said emergent link (16A, 16B) can swing in said plane of symmetry (5) through an angle of up to 90° from said longitudinal axis (14).
- Afluked burying device (1), according to any preceding claim, wherein said fluked burying device (1) includes roll stabilizers (42).
- A fluked burying device (1A), according to any preceding claim, wherein said fluked burying device (1A) includes yaw stabilizers (46).
- A fluked burying device (1, 1A), according to any preceding claim, wherein said fluked burying device (1, 1A) is arranged such that a straight line (22) containing a centre point of a forward crown section, lying in said plane of symmetry (5), of a link (17A) in a foremost pocket (12A) in said body member (7) and a point of projection (25) onto said plane of symmetry (5) of a foremost point (20) of said fluke member (8) is inclined to said longitudinal axis (14) at an angle (δ) in the range of 25° to 35°, with 30° further preferred.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB201407664A GB201407664D0 (en) | 2014-05-01 | 2014-05-01 | Fluked burying devices |
GBGB1414960.3A GB201414960D0 (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2014-08-22 | Fluked Burying devices |
PCT/GB2015/051087 WO2015166207A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 | 2015-04-09 | Fluked burying devices |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3137372A1 EP3137372A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
EP3137372B1 true EP3137372B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
Family
ID=52997469
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15717953.2A Active EP3137372B1 (en) | 2014-05-01 | 2015-04-09 | Fluked burying devices |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170050703A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3137372B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6647281B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20160148017A (en) |
CN (1) | CN106458293A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2015255121A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016025062A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2946444A1 (en) |
SG (1) | SG11201608793QA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015166207A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108668973A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-10-19 | 合肥学院 | A kind of towing anchor of the adjustable variation of anchor slab quantity |
CN109823477B (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2020-12-11 | 河海大学 | Ocean engineering drag anchor capable of improving uplift bearing performance |
CN110949614B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-12-03 | 震兑工业智能科技有限公司 | Modern ship mooring positioning device |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US211474A (en) * | 1879-01-21 | Improvement in anchors | ||
US2533586A (en) * | 1947-02-11 | 1950-12-12 | Walter Krzeszewski | Anchor |
US3685479A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1972-08-22 | Peter Bruce | Anchor-cable systems |
GB1299366A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1972-12-13 | Peter Bruce | Improvements in or relating to anchor-cable systems |
CA1278725C (en) * | 1985-09-27 | 1991-01-08 | Rob Van Den Haak | Anchor |
US5067430A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1991-11-26 | The Charles Henry Ford Trust | Anchor with axis control bar |
GB2294440B (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1996-07-10 | Vrijhof Ankers Beheer Bv | Anchor |
JPH06166395A (en) * | 1992-07-13 | 1994-06-14 | Kenichi Mori | Structure of main portion used for anchor and anchor using this main portion to be lifted smoothly |
KR200303276Y1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2003-02-06 | 홍광선 | Anchor for easy manufacture and transport |
WO2006094338A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-14 | Terence Patrick Michael Vogan | Modular boat anchoring system |
US7870831B2 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2011-01-18 | David Richert | Anchor with snag release mechanism |
JP4507217B1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2010-07-21 | 善成 住福 | Ship anchor |
CN103569318B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-11-18 | 浙江海洋学院 | Ship mooring mechanism |
-
2015
- 2015-04-09 US US15/307,749 patent/US20170050703A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-04-09 AU AU2015255121A patent/AU2015255121A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-04-09 CN CN201580021585.8A patent/CN106458293A/en active Pending
- 2015-04-09 BR BR112016025062A patent/BR112016025062A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2015-04-09 EP EP15717953.2A patent/EP3137372B1/en active Active
- 2015-04-09 KR KR1020167033825A patent/KR20160148017A/en unknown
- 2015-04-09 WO PCT/GB2015/051087 patent/WO2015166207A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-04-09 CA CA2946444A patent/CA2946444A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-04-09 JP JP2017508771A patent/JP6647281B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-04-09 SG SG11201608793QA patent/SG11201608793QA/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2946444A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
BR112016025062A2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
AU2015255121A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
WO2015166207A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
JP2017514754A (en) | 2017-06-08 |
KR20160148017A (en) | 2016-12-23 |
CN106458293A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
EP3137372A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
US20170050703A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
JP6647281B2 (en) | 2020-02-14 |
SG11201608793QA (en) | 2016-11-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1321356B1 (en) | Marine anchoring arrangement | |
EP3137372B1 (en) | Fluked burying devices | |
EP0020152A1 (en) | Anchor shank | |
NO154162B (en) | ANCHOR. | |
US20130032077A1 (en) | Offshore Marine Anchor | |
US6082284A (en) | Anchor | |
US9751595B2 (en) | Anchor positioning system | |
AU2008296403C1 (en) | Anchors for mooring of objects in a marine environment | |
US3777695A (en) | Anchors | |
US3685479A (en) | Anchor-cable systems | |
US20200361570A1 (en) | Flat anchor with claws | |
CN108290621B (en) | Anchor | |
US20100206211A1 (en) | Multifunction anchor | |
KR101291055B1 (en) | Anchoring Apparatus of Chain for Marine Structure | |
US4827863A (en) | Plow anchor for marine use | |
GB1578129A (en) | Anchor retrieval devices | |
JP3904940B2 (en) | Mooring wire length adjustment device | |
US4080923A (en) | Anchor with pivotal secondary flukes | |
US4397257A (en) | Sea anchor in particular for large ships | |
EP3368402B1 (en) | Anchor with angle adjustment provision | |
CA1057587A (en) | Anchors | |
AU2019443791A1 (en) | An anchor assist device | |
KR20180002620U (en) | Anchor for Fixing | |
US4303353A (en) | Point attachment for foundation pile | |
KR101461044B1 (en) | Excavator for submarine surface and excavating method using the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20161125 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20180419 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: BRUCE ANCHOR LIMITED |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20190114 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTC | Intention to grant announced (deleted) | ||
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20190619 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602015036229 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1169437 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20190915 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NO Ref legal event code: T2 Effective date: 20190821 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: FP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20191223 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20191121 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20191221 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20191122 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1169437 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20190821 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20200224 Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602015036229 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG2D | Information on lapse in contracting state deleted |
Ref country code: IS |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20200603 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602015036229 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200430 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200430 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20201103 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200409 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20200430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200409 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NO Payment date: 20210413 Year of fee payment: 7 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20210421 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20210409 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20210419 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190821 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NO Ref legal event code: MMEP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20220501 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20220409 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220430 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220501 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220409 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220430 |