EP3136351B1 - Strassenmautsystem, bordeigene einheit und verfahren zum betreiben einer bordeigenen einheit - Google Patents

Strassenmautsystem, bordeigene einheit und verfahren zum betreiben einer bordeigenen einheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3136351B1
EP3136351B1 EP15465532.8A EP15465532A EP3136351B1 EP 3136351 B1 EP3136351 B1 EP 3136351B1 EP 15465532 A EP15465532 A EP 15465532A EP 3136351 B1 EP3136351 B1 EP 3136351B1
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Prior art keywords
board unit
message
data
communication module
latitude
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3136351A1 (de
Inventor
Doru Aldea-Ungurean
Iosif Mudra
Daniel-Adrian Pascu
Sorin Soare
Silviu Stan
Ciprian Vasile Botiz
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Aumovio Germany GmbH
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station

Definitions

  • the current invention refers to a road toll system, an on-board unit and a method for operating an on-board unit, particularly an on-board unit in a road toll system.
  • toll roads also known as turnpikes or tollways
  • a fee or toll
  • Different systems for collecting the toll are known.
  • toll booths or toll plazas where the user may pay the toll may be positioned at entry or exit points of the toll road.
  • electronic road toll systems are known.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • a GNSS unit is a satellite navigation system, which allows to determine the position of the vehicle. Satellite navigation systems use a version of triangulation to locate a user through calculations involving information from a number of satellites.
  • GNSS systems are GPS (Global Positioning System) or Galileo, for example.
  • Document US2015088618 A1 discloses a precision usage-based transportation infrastructure charging service that includes a dynamic road and infrastructure usage engine that can fairly assess road usage based on any combination of mileage, time of day, vehicle mass, location, road class, defined zones and other relevant parameters.
  • GB2448743 A discloses an asset tracking system comprising a plurality of mobile devices to be tracked and a central server that is able to communicate with each of the mobile devices over a communications network.
  • Each mobile device sends position data to the central server over the communications network.
  • the central server further sends position data regarding the said mobile devices to each of the mobile devices over the communications network.
  • the position data may be a difference between a previous position and a current position of each mobile device to reduce the amount of data being transferred.
  • WO9704421 A1 shows a system and method for determining the distance travelled by a vehicle to enable a charge to be rendered for roadway usage.
  • US2004162673 A1 discloses a communications device for conveying geographic location information over capacity constrained wireless systems.
  • the on-board unit acquires data concerning the vehicle position.
  • Several approaches are known for processing the acquired vehicle position data and calculating the payable toll.
  • One approach is the so-called "Thick-Client-Approach", also known as “Fat-Client-” or “Smart-Client-Approach”.
  • Thick-Client-Approach the toll is calculated directly in the on-board unit. This information is then transmitted to a central office.
  • An advantage of the Thick-Client-Approach is that the data transmission volume is relatively low and tolling information is immediately available at the central office.
  • the on-board unit determines the vehicle position, concentrates the data and transmits this position information to the central office.
  • the payable toll is calculated in the central office.
  • the system is more flexible, as changes of road toll rates and toll roads can easily be implemented in the central office.
  • the data transmission volume is rather high.
  • the problem to be solved by the current invention is, therefore, to reduce the data transmission volume, especially in systems that use the Thin-Client-Approach.
  • a vehicle on-board unit for a toll road system comprises a processor, configured to determine the position of the on-board unit in regular intervals and to provide data representing the determined positions, the data including at least one of a latitude, a longitude and a timestamp representing the time at which the correspondent position has been determined.
  • the on-board unit further comprises a communication module, configured to receive the data representing the determined positions, and to generate at least one message, each message including the data of at least two successive positions, whereby the message includes a data header and payload, the payload including the position data, wherein the communication module is also configured to generate the at least one message to include a first timestamp for a first position in each message and to omit timestamps for at least one successive position of the same message.
  • the total amount of data may be reduced. For example, one header will then be sent for several positions, not for each single position.
  • the communication module is configured to generate the at least one message to include a first timestamp for a first position in each message and to omit timestamps for at least one successive position of the same message. By omitting timestamps, the size of each message may be reduced. If the message size is kept constant, the data of more positions may be included within one message.
  • the communication module may be configured to generate each message to include a first latitude and a first longitude specifying a first position and at least one delta-latitude and delta-longitude specifying at least one successive position, the delta-latitude representing a deviation from the first latitude and the delta-longitude representing a deviation from the first longitude.
  • the size of a delta-longitude is generally smaller than the size of a complete longitude and the size of a delta-latitude is generally smaller than the size of a complete latitude. Therefore, message size may further be reduced by transmitting delta-positions.
  • the communication module may be configured to generate each message to include data of at least 16 positions, at least 356 positions or at least 710 positions. The more positions are sent within one message, the less headers need to be sent for a certain amount of positions. Data traffic may therefore be reduced.
  • the communication module may be configured to open a network socket to establish a connection with a central office.
  • the communication module may further configured to transmit the at least one message to the central office while the network socket is open and to close the network socket after transmission of a predetermined number of messages. In this way, less network sockets needs to be opened at the same time.
  • the communication module may be configured to transmit the at least one message using the Transmission Control Protocol or the User Datagram Protocol.
  • the communication module may be configured to include the latitude and longitude that define a position each with a precision of 6 decimals.
  • the communication module may also be configured to include the latitude and longitude that define a position each with a precision of 5 decimals. By reducing the number of decimals, the message size may be reduced, while the precision may still be acceptable for billing purposes.
  • the satellite system may comprise at least four satellites, wherein each satellite is configured to transmit signals, the signals comprising information about the time of transmission and/or the position of the respective satellite at the time of transmission.
  • the on-board unit may be configured to receive signals of at least four satellites of the satellite system at the same time when the on-board unit is in an operating mode and to determine its own position based on these signals. If signals of at least four satellites are received, the position of the on-board unit may be determined.
  • the road toll system may further comprise a central office, which is configured to receive the message from the communication module.
  • the central office may then do the necessary calculations for billing.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a road toll system including a satellite system 1, an on-board unit 2 and a central office 3.
  • the on-board unit 2 may be installed in a vehicle, for example.
  • the satellite system 1 may be a global navigation network system, for example, and may include at least four satellites (not shown).
  • the satellites are configured to continually transmit signals, the signals including the time of transmission and the position of the respective satellite at the time of transmission.
  • the on-board unit 2 may determine its own position. This is, however, only an example.
  • the position of the on-board unit 2 may be determined in any other suitable way.
  • Data X representing the position of the on-board unit 2 may then be transmitted to the central office 3 for billing. Billing may be based on a distance travelled, the time spent in a tolling zone, the location of the on-board unit 2 within the tolling zone and vehicle characteristics, for example.
  • the position of the on-board unit 2 may be determined in regular intervals, e.g. every second. This, however, is only an example. The position may be determined more or less often than every second.
  • a data transmission according to TCP/IP is schematically illustrated in Fig. 2 .
  • the TCP/IP provides, prepares and forwards data packets 4 over a network.
  • a data packet 4 that is sent from the on-board unit 2 to a central office 3 generally includes a header 41 and a message 42, which includes the position data that is needed for billing.
  • a data packet 4 may have a total size of 1492 bytes, for example.
  • the header 41 may include, among other data, the IP (Internet Protocol) address of the central office 3 and may have a size of 40 bytes.
  • the data packet 4, the header 41 and the message 42 may have a larger or a smaller size than specified above.
  • an acknowledgement 43 may be sent to the on-board unit 2 to confirm reception of the data.
  • Such acknowledgement 43 may have a size of 40 bytes, for example.
  • the acknowledgement 43 may include only a header, without any further message.
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • UDP uses a simple connectionless transmission model with a minimum of protocol mechanisms.
  • the central office 3 receives the data packet 5 (including a header 51 and a message 52) from the on-board unit 2, but does not send an acknowledgement in return.
  • the on-board unit 2 therefore, does not know if the central office 3 received a message.
  • the communication protocols described above, however, are only examples. Other communication protocols may be used as well to transmit data from the on-board unit 2 to the central office 3.
  • the message 42 of a data packet 4 is illustrated in more detail.
  • the message 42 may contain information about the serial number OBU SN of the on-board unit 2, which is transmitting the data. Further, the message 42 includes a data header and the payload, the payload including the position data.
  • a cyclic redundancy check CRC may be performed to detect accidental changes of the transmitted data. Therefore, a check value CRC of a fixed size may be included in the data packet, forming a codeword.
  • the check value CRC may have a size of 2 bytes, for example.
  • the receiving device either compares its check value with a freshly calculated check value or performs a CRC on the codeword and compares the resulting check value with an expected residue constant.
  • the data header, payload and check value CRC together have a certain size. This size may be determined and the data packet may further include information LEN about this size.
  • the serial number OBU SN of the on-board unit may have a size of 4 bytes.
  • the information LEN about the size of the data header, payload and check value CRC may have a size of 2 bytes.
  • Such data may be sent as plain text (non-encrypted text).
  • the data header may include a preamble (1 byte), information about the size of the message (2 bytes), information about the software version that is used by the on-board unit (1 byte), a timestamp (4 bytes), information about the version of the communication protocol (1 byte) and a command ID (1 byte).
  • the data header may, therefore, have a total size of 10 bytes.
  • information about more than one position is transmitted in one data packet. For example, information about 16 positions may be transmitted in one data packet. In this way, only one header is sent for several positions. If each determined position was sent within a separate packet, a header would be needed for every transmitted position. For each position, a timestamp (e.g. 4 bytes) as well as information about latitude (e.g. 4 bytes) and longitude (e.g. 4 bytes) may be transmitted (resulting in a total size of 12 bytes for each position). A position is generally sufficiently defined if both latitude and longitude are known.
  • the latitude specifies the north-south position of a point on the Earth's surface
  • the longitude specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface.
  • the vehicle position may be determined less often, e.g. every 2, 3, 4,... seconds. This, however, results in a less precise billing.
  • Another possibility to for reducing the total amount of sent data is to reduce the size of each data packet.
  • the size of a data packet may be reduced, if a timestamp is not sent for every position.
  • a timestamp may be transmitted only for the first position.
  • the timestamp is omitted.
  • the latitude and longitude may only be included for the first position in each data packet.
  • a "delta-latitude” and “delta-longitude” may be transmitted, meaning that not a complete position will be sent to the central office, but information about a deviation from the first position in the same data packet.
  • a data packet including delta-positions for following positions is schematically illustrated in Fig. 7 . Assuming that a complete position has a size of 8 bytes (4 bytes for latitude and 4 bytes for longitude), a delta-position may have a size of only 4 bytes (2 bytes latitude and 2 bytes longitude) .
  • the size for following positions is reduced by omitting the timestamp (or transmitting a delta-timestamp, respectively) and/or delta-positions are transmitted for following positions, more positions may be transmitted in one data packet (e.g. 30 or 303 positions instead of 16 positions), without exceeding the maximum size of the data packet. This further reduces the data transmission volume, as less headers need to be sent for the same number of positions.
  • a connection needs to be established between the on-board unit 2 and the central office 3.
  • This connection may be used for bidirectional data transmission.
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • both the on-board unit 2 and the central office 3 need to open a so-called network socket.
  • a network socket is an endpoint of an inter-process communication across a network. Opening a socket generally takes about 280 - 300 bytes. Data packets may be transmitted while the sockets are open. Further, acknowledgements may be sent from the central office 3 to the on-board unit 2 while the sockets are open. This is schematically illustrated in Fig. 8 .
  • header size 40 bytes
  • the size for each delta-latitude and delta-longitude may be further reduced, e.g. to 1 byte. If, for example, the delta-latitude and the delta-longitude each are transmitted with 6 decimals, the size of one delta-position may be 4 Bytes. The precision in such a case is very high (e.g. precision of 0,11132m). If the delta-latitude and delta-longitude are transmitted with only 5 decimals, for example, the size of one delta-position may be reduced to 2 Bytes. The precision (e.g. 1,113 m) may still be sufficient for billing.
  • the on-board unit 2 may include a processor 21.
  • the processor 21 may receive signals transmitted from the satellites of the satellite system 1.
  • the processor 21 may further process these signals, determine the position of the on-board unit 2 and may provide data relating to the position of the on-board unit 2.
  • the position data may either be stored in the on-board unit 2 for later transmission or may be transmitted without prior storing.
  • the on-board unit 2 may include a communication module 22.
  • the communication module 22 may transmit data to the central office 3.
  • the data may be transmitted to the central office 3 via a wireless data channel, for example. In this case, it is not required that the vehicle in which the on-board unit 2 is installed return to a billing station to read out the data.
  • the communication module 22 may transmit data to the central office 3 whenever a data connection is available.
  • the data may be transmitted in regular intervals. For example, the data may be transmitted at the end of each day. This is, however, only an example. Data may also be transmitted more or less regularly.
  • a method for operating an on-board unit 2 is illustrated in Fig. 11 .
  • the position of the on-board unit is determined (step 601). More precisely, the position may be determined in regular intervals.
  • Data representing the determined positions may then be provided (step 602) .
  • Such data may include at least one of a latitude, a longitude and a timestamp, the timestamp representing the time at which the correspondent position was determined.
  • a message is then generated, including the data of at least two successive positions (step 603) .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Fahrzeug-Bordeinheit (2) für ein Straßenmautsystem, wobei die Fahrzeug-Bordeinheit (2) Folgendes aufweist:
    einen Prozessor (21), ausgebildet zum Bestimmen der Position der Bordeinheit (2) in regelmäßigen Intervallen und zum Bereitstellen von die bestimmten Positionen repräsentierenden Daten, wobei die Daten mindestens eines von einem Breitengrad, einem Längengrad und einem Zeitstempel, der die Zeit repräsentiert, zu der die entsprechende Position bestimmt wurde, beinhalten; und
    ein Kommunikationsmodul (22), ausgebildet zum Empfangen der die bestimmten Positionen repräsentierenden Daten und Erzeugen mindestens einer Nachricht (42), wobei jede Nachricht (42) die Daten von mindestens zwei sukzessiven Positionen beinhaltet, wobei die Nachricht (42) einen Datenheader und Nutzinformationen beinhaltet, die Nutzinformationen die Positionsdaten beinhalten und wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ferner ausgebildet ist zum Erzeugen der mindestens einen Nachricht (42) zum Beinhalten eines ersten Zeitstempels für eine erste Position in jeder Nachricht (42) und zum Weglassen von Zeitstempeln für mindestens eine sukzessive Position derselben Nachricht (42).
  2. Bordeinheit (2) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ausgebildet ist zum Erzeugen jeder Nachricht (42) zum Beinhalten eines ersten Breitengrads und eines ersten Längengrads, die eine erste Position spezifizieren, und mindestens eines Delta-Breitengrads und Delta-Längengrads, die mindestens eine sukzessive Position spezifizieren, wobei der Delta-Breitengrad eine Abweichung von dem ersten Breitengrad repräsentiert und der Delta-Längengrad eine Abweichung von dem ersten Längengrad repräsentiert.
  3. Bordeinheit (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ausgebildet ist zum Erzeugen jeder Nachricht (42) zum Beinhalten von Daten von mindestens 16 Positionen, mindestens 356 Positionen oder mindestens 710 Positionen.
  4. Bordeinheit (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ausgebildet ist zum Öffnen eines Netzwerk-Socket zum Herstellen einer Verbindung mit einem Amt (3).
  5. Bordeinheit (2) nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ferner ausgebildet ist zum Übertragen der mindestens einen Nachricht zu dem Amt (3), während das Netzwerk-Socket offen ist.
  6. Bordeinheit (2) nach Anspruch 5, wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ausgebildet ist zum Schließen des Netzwerk-Socket nach Übertragung einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Nachrichten (42).
  7. Bordeinheit (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ausgebildet ist zum Übertragen der mindestens einen Nachricht unter Verwendung des Transmission Control Protocol oder des User Datagram Protocol.
  8. Bordeinheit (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ausgebildet ist zum Beinhalten des Breitengrads und Längengrads, die eine Position jeweils mit einer Genauigkeit von 6 Dezimalstellen definieren.
  9. Bordeinheit (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Kommunikationsmodul (22) ausgebildet ist zum Beinhalten des Breitengrads und Längengrads, die eine Position jeweils mit einer Genauigkeit von 5 Dezimalstellen definieren.
  10. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Fahrzeug-Bordeinheit (2) für ein Straßenmautsystem, wobei die Fahrzeug-Bordeinheit (2) gemäß Anspruch 1 ist und das Verfahren Folgendes aufweist:
    Bestimmen der Position der Bordeinheit (2) in regelmäßigen Intervallen;
    Bereitstellen von die bestimmten Positionen repräsentierenden Daten, wobei die Daten mindestens eines von einem Breitengrad, einem Längengrad und einem Zeitstempel, der die Zeit repräsentiert, zu der die entsprechende Position bestimmt wurde, beinhalten;
    Erzeugen einer Nachricht (42), wobei die Nachricht (42) die Daten von mindestens zwei sukzessiven Positionen beinhaltet, wobei die Nachricht (42) einen Datenheader und Nutzinformationen beinhaltet und die Nutzinformationen die Positionsdaten beinhalten;
    wobei das Verfahren ferner Folgendes aufweist: Erzeugen der mindestens einen Nachricht (42) zum Beinhalten eines ersten Zeitstempels für eine erste Position in jeder Nachricht (42) und Weglassen von Zeitstempeln für mindestens eine sukzessive Position derselben Nachricht (42).
  11. Straßenmautsystem, das Folgendes aufweist:
    ein Satellitensystem (1); und
    eine Fahrzeug-Bordeinheit (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9.
  12. Straßenmautsystem nach Anspruch 11, wobei das Satellitensystem (1) mindestens vier Satelliten aufweist, wobei jeder Satellit ausgebildet ist zum Übertragen von Signalen, wobei die Signale Informationen über die Zeit der Übertragung und/oder die Position des jeweiligen Satelliten zum Zeitpunkt der Übertragung aufweisen.
  13. Straßenmautsystem nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Bordeinheit (2) ausgebildet ist zum Empfangen von Signalen von mindestens vier Satelliten des Satellitensystems (1) zur selben Zeit, wenn sich die Bordeinheit (2) in einem Betriebsmodus befindet, und zum Bestimmen ihrer eigenen Position auf der Basis dieser Signale.
  14. Straßenmautsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, das ferner ein Amt (3) aufweist, das ausgebildet ist zum Empfangen der Nachricht von dem Kommunikationsmodul (22).
EP15465532.8A 2015-08-26 2015-08-26 Strassenmautsystem, bordeigene einheit und verfahren zum betreiben einer bordeigenen einheit Active EP3136351B1 (de)

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EP3944203A1 (de) 2020-07-23 2022-01-26 Toll Collect GmbH Verfahren und system zum aufzeichnen von positionsdaten in einem mautsystem

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WO2002031793A2 (en) 2000-10-13 2002-04-18 Paxgrid Telemetric Systems Inc. Automotive telemetry protocol
US20040162673A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2004-08-19 Numerex Investment Corp. Communications device for conveying geographic location information over capacity constrained wireless systems
WO2006072225A1 (de) 2005-01-07 2006-07-13 Deutsche Telekom Ag Transportüberwachungssystem
GB2424149A (en) 2005-03-07 2006-09-13 John Kielty Bell Wireless security system for tracking an individual
DE102005010888A1 (de) 2005-03-09 2006-09-21 Mps Solutions Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Positionsbestimmung
EP1909231A1 (de) 2006-10-06 2008-04-09 Deutsche Telekom AG Straßenbenutzungserfassung
GB2448743A (en) 2007-04-26 2008-10-29 Eads Defence And Security Systems Ltd Bi-directional communication in an asset tracking system
DE102009042470A1 (de) 2009-09-24 2011-03-31 Bähring, Horst, Dr. Anordnung und Verfahren zur Erfassung von Gebühren auf mautpflichtigen Straßen
US20110112717A1 (en) 2009-11-11 2011-05-12 Benjamin Resner Methods and Apparatus for Automatic Internet Logging and Social Comparison of Vehicular Driving Behavior

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DE4402614A1 (de) * 1994-01-28 1995-08-03 Deutsche Telekom Mobil Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Gebühren für die Nutzung von Verkehrswegen durch Fahrzeuge
AUPN437395A0 (en) * 1995-07-24 1995-08-17 D & E Consulting Pty Ltd System and method for determining the distance travelled by a vehicle
GB2510174B (en) * 2013-01-28 2016-02-24 Canon Kk Method and device for encoding headers of a message using an in-memory indexing table
US20150088618A1 (en) * 2013-08-26 2015-03-26 Ims Solutions, Inc. Road tolling

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002031793A2 (en) 2000-10-13 2002-04-18 Paxgrid Telemetric Systems Inc. Automotive telemetry protocol
US20040162673A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2004-08-19 Numerex Investment Corp. Communications device for conveying geographic location information over capacity constrained wireless systems
WO2006072225A1 (de) 2005-01-07 2006-07-13 Deutsche Telekom Ag Transportüberwachungssystem
GB2424149A (en) 2005-03-07 2006-09-13 John Kielty Bell Wireless security system for tracking an individual
DE102005010888A1 (de) 2005-03-09 2006-09-21 Mps Solutions Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Positionsbestimmung
EP1909231A1 (de) 2006-10-06 2008-04-09 Deutsche Telekom AG Straßenbenutzungserfassung
GB2448743A (en) 2007-04-26 2008-10-29 Eads Defence And Security Systems Ltd Bi-directional communication in an asset tracking system
DE102009042470A1 (de) 2009-09-24 2011-03-31 Bähring, Horst, Dr. Anordnung und Verfahren zur Erfassung von Gebühren auf mautpflichtigen Straßen
US20110112717A1 (en) 2009-11-11 2011-05-12 Benjamin Resner Methods and Apparatus for Automatic Internet Logging and Social Comparison of Vehicular Driving Behavior

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