EP3127630A1 - Cold heading formed wedge for use in post tensioning concrete - Google Patents
Cold heading formed wedge for use in post tensioning concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3127630A1 EP3127630A1 EP16180573.4A EP16180573A EP3127630A1 EP 3127630 A1 EP3127630 A1 EP 3127630A1 EP 16180573 A EP16180573 A EP 16180573A EP 3127630 A1 EP3127630 A1 EP 3127630A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- wedge
- cold heading
- blank
- strand
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/022—Special design or construction multi-stage forging presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
- E04C5/122—Anchoring devices the tensile members are anchored by wedge-action
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to post-tensioned, pre-stressed concrete construction.
- the present disclosure relates specifically to wedges for anchors for use therein.
- Many structures are built using concrete, including, for instance, buildings, parking structures, apartments, condominiums, hotels, mixed-use buildings, casinos, hospitals, medical buildings, government buildings, research/academic institutions, industrial buildings, malls, bridges, pavement, tanks, reservoirs, silos, foundations, sports courts, and other structures.
- Pre-stressed concrete is structural concrete in which internal stresses are introduced to reduce potential tensile stresses in the concrete resulting from applied loads. This can be accomplished by two methods-post-tensioned pre-stressing and pre-tensioned pre-stressing.
- post-tensioning concrete the pre-stressing assembly is tensioned after the concrete has attained a specified strength.
- the pre-stressing assembly commonly known as a tendon, may include for example and without limitation, anchorages, one or more strands, and sheathes or ducts. The strand is tensioned between anchors which are embedded in the concrete once the concrete has hardened.
- the strand may be formed from a metal or composite or any suitable material exhibiting tensile strength which can be elongated including, for example and without limitation, reinforcing steel, single wire cable, or multi-wire cable.
- the strand is typically fixedly coupled to a fixed anchorage positioned at one end of the tendon, the so-called “fixed end”, and is adapted to be stressed at the other anchor, the "stressing end" of the tendon.
- the strand is generally held to each anchor by one or more wedges.
- anchors include a tapered recess which, when the strand is placed under tension, cause the wedges to further engage the strand. Wedges are typically made of metal.
- the present disclosure provides for a method for forming a wedge for post tensioning concrete.
- the method may include providing a wire; feeding a portion of the wire into a cold heading apparatus; cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank; and finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge.
- the present disclosure further provides for a method including providing a wire and feeding a portion of the wire into a cold heading apparatus.
- the method also includes cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank and finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge.
- the method includes providing an anchor for post tensioning concrete, threading a strand through the anchor, and positioning the wedge on the strand.
- FIG. 1 depicts anchor 10 for use in post tensioning concrete.
- Anchor 10 is adapted to receive and couple to strand 12 of tendon 14.
- strand 12 may be threaded through anchor 10.
- Strand 12 may be, for example and without limitation, mono-wire cable or multi-wire cable.
- Anchor 10 may include anchor body 16 adapted to retain the position of anchor 10 when positioned in formed concrete.
- Anchor 10 may couple to strand 12 by the use of one or more wedges 100.
- Wedges 100 may be substantially wedge shaped and adapted to fit into a tapered recess 18 formed in anchor body 16. During use, wedges 100 may be installed to the strand in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the strand. Tension on strand 12 may cause wedges 100 to move into tapered recess 18, applying a gripping force on strand 12.
- wedges 100 may be formed by cold heading.
- FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a cold heading process.
- Wire 101 is provided on spool 103.
- Wire 101 is fed by one or more drive wheels (not shown) into cold heading apparatus 105.
- cold heading apparatus 105 may include straightening apparatus 107 which may include a plurality of rollers adapted to straighten wire 101 as it enters cold heading apparatus 105.
- Wire 101 may be fed to forming dies 109.
- Forming dies 109 reshape a portion of wire 101 progressively into the final form of one or more wedge blanks 113.
- a portion of wire 101 is separated 111 from the rest of wire 101, separating the one or more formed wedge blanks 113.
- FIGS. 3A-D depict the cold heading operation as a 3-step operation, but one having ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure will understand that any number of operations may be undertaken to cold head wedge blanks 113.
- the following discussion is merely exemplary of a cold heading operation consistent with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- wire 101 is fed through forming die 109a.
- Wire portion 115 is formed between forming die 109a and 109b to initially reshape wire portion 115.
- a portion of wire 101 is separated from wire 101 at this stage by, for example, shear cutter 117 to be formed into wedge blank 113.
- forming dies 109c, 109d further refine the shape of wire portion 115.
- two wedge blanks 113 are formed simultaneously from wire portion 115.
- any number of wedge blanks 113 may be formed from wire portion 115. As depicted in FIG.
- forming dies 109e, 109f further refine the shape of wedge blanks 113 into the final cold headed form shown in FIG. 3D .
- forming dies 109a-f may operate by stamping, swaging, punching, forging, extruding, upsetting, or a combination thereof.
- wedge blanks 113 may emerge from the cold heading process in a final form requiring no additional treatment.
- wedge blanks 113 may be further processed as shown in FIG. 2 as further treatment 119.
- wedge blanks 113 may be tumbled or otherwise polished to improve their surface finish.
- wedge blanks 113 may be given a surface treatment or may be heat treated, hardened, or tempered.
- wedge blanks 113 may be further machined to, for example and without limitation, add grooves.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application is a non-provisional application which claims priority from
U.S. provisional application number 62/200,994, filed August 4, 2015 U.S. non-provisional application number 14/944,793, filed 18 November 2015PCT/US2015/061320, filed 18 November 2015 , each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. - The present disclosure relates generally to post-tensioned, pre-stressed concrete construction. The present disclosure relates specifically to wedges for anchors for use therein.
- Many structures are built using concrete, including, for instance, buildings, parking structures, apartments, condominiums, hotels, mixed-use buildings, casinos, hospitals, medical buildings, government buildings, research/academic institutions, industrial buildings, malls, bridges, pavement, tanks, reservoirs, silos, foundations, sports courts, and other structures.
- Pre-stressed concrete is structural concrete in which internal stresses are introduced to reduce potential tensile stresses in the concrete resulting from applied loads. This can be accomplished by two methods-post-tensioned pre-stressing and pre-tensioned pre-stressing. When post-tensioning concrete, the pre-stressing assembly is tensioned after the concrete has attained a specified strength. The pre-stressing assembly, commonly known as a tendon, may include for example and without limitation, anchorages, one or more strands, and sheathes or ducts. The strand is tensioned between anchors which are embedded in the concrete once the concrete has hardened. The strand may be formed from a metal or composite or any suitable material exhibiting tensile strength which can be elongated including, for example and without limitation, reinforcing steel, single wire cable, or multi-wire cable. The strand is typically fixedly coupled to a fixed anchorage positioned at one end of the tendon, the so-called "fixed end", and is adapted to be stressed at the other anchor, the "stressing end" of the tendon. The strand is generally held to each anchor by one or more wedges. Typically, anchors include a tapered recess which, when the strand is placed under tension, cause the wedges to further engage the strand. Wedges are typically made of metal.
- The present disclosure provides for a method for forming a wedge for post tensioning concrete. The method may include providing a wire; feeding a portion of the wire into a cold heading apparatus; cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank; and finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge.
- The present disclosure further provides for a method including providing a wire and feeding a portion of the wire into a cold heading apparatus. The method also includes cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank and finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge. The method includes providing an anchor for post tensioning concrete, threading a strand through the anchor, and positioning the wedge on the strand.
- The present disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is emphasized that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.
-
FIG. 1 depicts a cross section of an anchor having a wedge consistent with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a cold heading procedure for forming wedges consistent with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIGS. 3A-D depict an overview of a cold heading process for forming wedges consistent with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. - It is to be understood that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of various embodiments. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
-
FIG. 1 depictsanchor 10 for use in post tensioning concrete.Anchor 10 is adapted to receive and couple tostrand 12 oftendon 14. During installation,strand 12 may be threaded throughanchor 10.Strand 12 may be, for example and without limitation, mono-wire cable or multi-wire cable. For the purposes of this disclosure, the axis parallel with the length ofstrand 12 will be referred to as the longitudinal axis ofstrand 12.Anchor 10 may includeanchor body 16 adapted to retain the position ofanchor 10 when positioned in formed concrete. -
Anchor 10 may couple tostrand 12 by the use of one ormore wedges 100.Wedges 100 may be substantially wedge shaped and adapted to fit into atapered recess 18 formed inanchor body 16. During use,wedges 100 may be installed to the strand in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the strand. Tension onstrand 12 may causewedges 100 to move intotapered recess 18, applying a gripping force onstrand 12. - In some embodiments,
wedges 100 may be formed by cold heading.FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a cold heading process. Wire 101 is provided onspool 103. Wire 101 is fed by one or more drive wheels (not shown) intocold heading apparatus 105. In some embodiments,cold heading apparatus 105 may include straighteningapparatus 107 which may include a plurality of rollers adapted tostraighten wire 101 as it enterscold heading apparatus 105. Wire 101 may be fed to formingdies 109. Forming dies 109 reshape a portion ofwire 101 progressively into the final form of one ormore wedge blanks 113. At some point in the cold heading operation, a portion ofwire 101 is separated 111 from the rest ofwire 101, separating the one or more formedwedge blanks 113. - As depicted in
FIGS. 3A-D , formingdies 109a-f may be utilized to progressively reshape a portion ofwire 101 by cold heading.FIGS. 3A-D depict the cold heading operation as a 3-step operation, but one having ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure will understand that any number of operations may be undertaken to coldhead wedge blanks 113. The following discussion is merely exemplary of a cold heading operation consistent with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. - As depicted in
FIG. 3A ,wire 101 is fed through forming die 109a. Wire portion 115 is formed between forming die 109a and 109b to initially reshape wire portion 115. In this embodiment, a portion ofwire 101 is separated fromwire 101 at this stage by, for example,shear cutter 117 to be formed into wedge blank 113. As depicted inFIG. 3B , forming dies 109c, 109d further refine the shape of wire portion 115. In this embodiment, twowedge blanks 113 are formed simultaneously from wire portion 115. One having ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure will understand that any number ofwedge blanks 113 may be formed from wire portion 115. As depicted inFIG. 3C , forming dies 109e, 109f further refine the shape ofwedge blanks 113 into the final cold headed form shown inFIG. 3D . As understood by one having ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure, forming dies 109a-f may operate by stamping, swaging, punching, forging, extruding, upsetting, or a combination thereof. - In some embodiments,
wedge blanks 113 may emerge from the cold heading process in a final form requiring no additional treatment. In some embodiments,wedge blanks 113 may be further processed as shown inFIG. 2 asfurther treatment 119. For example, in some embodiments,wedge blanks 113 may be tumbled or otherwise polished to improve their surface finish. In some embodiments,wedge blanks 113 may be given a surface treatment or may be heat treated, hardened, or tempered. In some embodiments,wedge blanks 113 may be further machined to, for example and without limitation, add grooves. - The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that a person of ordinary skill in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Such features may be replaced by any one of numerous equivalent alternatives, only some of which are disclosed herein. One of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. One of ordinary skill in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
- The present invention will now be described with reference to the following clauses:
- 1. A method for forming a wedge for post tensioning concrete comprising:
- providing a wire;
- feeding a portion of the wire into a cold heading apparatus;
- cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank; and
- finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge.
- 2. The method of
clause 1, wherein cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank comprises:- feeding the portion of the wire between a first and second forming die;
- reshaping the portion of the wire by the first and second forming die; and
- separating the portion of the wire from the wire to form the at least one wedge blank.
- 3. The method of clause 2, wherein reshaping the portion of the wire by the first and second forming die comprises one or more of stamping, swaging, punching, forging, extruding, or upsetting the portion of the wire.
- 4. The method of clause 2 or clause 3, further comprising further reshaping the portion of the wire by a third and fourth forming die.
- 5. The method of any one of
clauses 1 to 4, wherein finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge comprises one or more of tumbling, polishing, heat treating, hardening, tempering, grooving, or surface treating the wedge blank. - 6. The method of any one of
clauses 1 to 5, wherein the process of feeding the wire to the cold heading apparatus is performed by one or more drive wheels. - 7. The method of any one of
clauses 1 to 6, wherein the cold heading apparatus further includes a straightening apparatus, the straightening apparatus including a plurality of rollers. - 8. The method of any one of
clauses 1 to 7, wherein two wedge blanks are formed simultaneously. - 9. The method of any one of
clauses 1 to 8 further comprising machining the wedge blanks to form grooves. - 10. A method comprising:
- providing a wire;
- feeding a portion of the wire into a cold heading apparatus;
- cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank;
- finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge;
- providing an anchor for post tensioning concrete;
- threading a strand through the anchor; and
- positioning the wedge on the strand.
- 11. The method of
clause 10, wherein positioning the wedge is on the strand is in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the strand. - 12. The method of
clause 10 or clause 11, wherein cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank comprises:- feeding the portion of the wire between a first and second forming die;
- reshaping the portion of the wire by the first and second forming die;
- separating the portion of the wire from the wire to form the at least one wedge blank.
- 13. The method of
clause 12, wherein reshaping the portion of the wire by the first and second forming die comprises one or more of stamping, swaging, punching, forging, extruding, or upsetting the portion of the wire. - 14. The method of
clause 12 or clause 13, further comprising further reshaping the portion of the wire by a third and fourth forming die. - 15. The method of any one of
clauses 10 to 14, wherein finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge comprises one or more of tumbling, polishing, heat treating, hardening, tempering, grooving, or surface treating the wedge blank. - 16. The method of any one of
clauses 10 to 15, further comprising moving the wedge into a tapered recess. - 17. The method of
clause 16 further comprising applying a gripping force using the wedges on the strand. - 18. The method of any one of
clauses 10 to 17, wherein the wedges have grooves.
Claims (15)
- A method for forming a wedge for post tensioning concrete comprising:providing a wire;feeding a portion of the wire into a cold heading apparatus;cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank; andfinishing the wedge blank to form the wedge.
- The method of claim 1, wherein cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank comprises:feeding the portion of the wire between a first and second forming die;reshaping the portion of the wire by the first and second forming die; andseparating the portion of the wire from the wire to form the at least one wedge blank.
- The method of claim 2, wherein reshaping the portion of the wire by the first and second forming die comprises one or more of stamping, swaging, punching, forging, extruding, or upsetting the portion of the wire.
- The method of claim 2 or claim 3, further comprising further reshaping the portion of the wire by a third and fourth forming die.
- The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge comprises one or more of tumbling, polishing, heat treating, hardening, tempering, grooving, or surface treating the wedge blank.
- The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the process of feeding the wire to the cold heading apparatus is performed by one or more drive wheels; optionally, wherein the cold heading apparatus further includes a straightening apparatus, the straightening apparatus including a plurality of rollers.
- The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein two wedge blanks are formed simultaneously.
- The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising machining the wedge blanks to form grooves.
- A method comprising:providing a wire;feeding a portion of the wire into a cold heading apparatus;cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank;finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge;providing an anchor for post tensioning concrete;threading a strand through the anchor; andpositioning the wedge on the strand.
- The method of claim 9, wherein positioning the wedge is on the strand is in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the strand.
- The method of claim 9 or claim 10, wherein cold heading a portion of the wire to form at least one wedge blank comprises:feeding the portion of the wire between a first and second forming die;reshaping the portion of the wire by the first and second forming die;separating the portion of the wire from the wire to form the at least one wedge blank.
- The method of claim 11, wherein reshaping the portion of the wire by the first and second forming die comprises one or more of stamping, swaging, punching, forging, extruding, or upsetting the portion of the wire; optionally, further comprising further reshaping the portion of the wire by a third and fourth forming die.
- The method of any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein finishing the wedge blank to form the wedge comprises one or more of tumbling, polishing, heat treating, hardening, tempering, grooving, or surface treating the wedge blank.
- The method of any one of claims 9 to 13, further comprising moving the wedge into a tapered recess; optionally, further comprising applying a gripping force using the wedges on the strand.
- The method of any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the wedges have grooves.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562200994P | 2015-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | |
PCT/US2015/061320 WO2017023350A1 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-18 | Cold heading formed wedge for use in post tensioning concrete |
US14/944,793 US20170036262A1 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-18 | Cold heading formed wedge for use in post tensioning concrete |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3127630A1 true EP3127630A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
EP3127630B1 EP3127630B1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
Family
ID=56507471
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16180573.4A Active EP3127630B1 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2016-07-21 | Cold heading formed wedge for use in post tensioning concrete |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3127630B1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE975906C (en) * | 1948-02-16 | 1962-11-29 | Carl Abraham Forssell | Anchoring for reinforcement bars in concrete |
US4362421A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1982-12-07 | Kelly William F | Anchor for use in the post-tensioning of prestressed concrete |
JP2006255778A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-28 | Sakamura Mach Co Ltd | Method for simultaneously heading-forming washer and bolt |
EP2151289A1 (en) * | 2008-08-09 | 2010-02-10 | Presswerk Krefeld GmbH & Co. KG | Method for manufacturing a housing ring |
-
2016
- 2016-07-21 EP EP16180573.4A patent/EP3127630B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE975906C (en) * | 1948-02-16 | 1962-11-29 | Carl Abraham Forssell | Anchoring for reinforcement bars in concrete |
US4362421A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1982-12-07 | Kelly William F | Anchor for use in the post-tensioning of prestressed concrete |
JP2006255778A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-28 | Sakamura Mach Co Ltd | Method for simultaneously heading-forming washer and bolt |
EP2151289A1 (en) * | 2008-08-09 | 2010-02-10 | Presswerk Krefeld GmbH & Co. KG | Method for manufacturing a housing ring |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3127630B1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
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