Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
  • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
  • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
  • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
  • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
  • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
  • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
  • H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection

Definitions

• Vehicle comprising an on-board installation, in particular a cryogenic installation, and a connection device for a power supply
• the present invention relates especially to the field of cold production, particularly in the field of cryogenics. It relates more particularly to the power supply which must ensure the continuous operation of cryogenic installations on board a vehicle to prevent the temperature rise of the transported products.
• cryogenic installations with indirect injection we speak in this industrial environment of solutions "CTI”
• the fluid for example nitrogen
• a cryogenic tank on board the equipped vehicle (usually a truck, often with a semi-trailer)
• one or more heat exchangers located inside the cold room (s) of the vehicle.
• These exchangers equipped with air circulation means, allow the cooling of the chamber in which the products are in this way stored at the desired temperature.
• This system requires a dedicated power supply to drive the air circulation means, the control means and even in some cases where the outside temperature is very negative, heating means used to regulate the temperature in the cold room.
• This cryogenic system requires a relatively low voltage of 24V, but requires a power supply over a long period. This duration potentially represents a whole day's work, ie about 15 hours or more for long-distance transport.
• cryogenic system from an on-board network of the vehicle when its engine is running and the network is then powered by a vehicle. alternator driven by the engine. Indeed, particularly on a truck, the alternator generally provides in this case a surplus of electrical power compared to the needs of the equipment. It is therefore possible to use this excess power for the supply of the cryogenic system, without soliciting the starter batteries of the vehicle.
• the classic solution is to use batteries.
• the vehicle batteries are generally not designed to provide the power continuity of the cryogenic installation.
• the vehicle engine requires a high voltage and intensity at the start.
• the tractor is usually equipped with so-called “starter” batteries, capable of delivering a lot of power over a short time but poorly adapted to provide power over a long period.
• this type of battery generally supports the many charge and discharge cycles involved in the operation of the cryogenic installation. The risk of premature wear of these batteries leads to the use of batteries specific to the cryogenic system so as not to affect the maintenance of the vehicle.
• the detection by the power system that the engine is turned on or off makes it possible to reduce the time during which it pulls on starter batteries of the vehicle.
• a conventional design is to connect the starter of the vehicle with a dedicated electrical wire directly to a junction box of the supply circuit of the cryogenic system. This makes it possible to detect whether the engine is on or not and to control a switch that automatically switches between the power supply on the on-board power supply and that on an external source. This ensures that the cryogenic plant is always connected to a suitable power source, that the engine is running or that the vehicle is stopped and that the operator has connected the installation to an external power source. This avoids manipulation errors.
• the type of connection on the circuit transmitting the signal of the ignition key is complex and, above all, it is specific to each make or type of vehicle.
• a strong issue of the power supply of the cryogenic system is to be compatible with all types of vehicles, particularly in the case of vehicles with tractor and trailers, in order to minimize manufacturing and installation costs.
• the objective of the present invention is therefore to obtain a system providing a power supply of the cryogenic installation on board a vehicle meeting the various constraints mentioned above, in particular the fact that it must operate over a long period of time, that the engine of the vehicle is in operation or not. It is also necessary that this electrical system manages its power sources according to the situation by operating an interface with the vehicle that is the most standard possible.
• the invention relates to a vehicle comprising an electrical network, a battery for supplying said network and a device for connecting a power supply of an installation on the vehicle to a power source, said device comprising at least one first circuit, for connecting said power supply to the power grid, and means for switching a junction of the power supply between the first circuit and another current source, depending on the result of a comparison between a voltage of entry of the first circuit with a determined threshold, strictly greater than a nominal operating voltage of the battery.
• the invention thus exploits the observation made by the applicant that, when the on-board power supply is supplied at a voltage higher than the nominal operating voltage of the battery, it is generally a sign that the vehicle engine is running. It is then possible to feed the on-board installation from the on-board system, limiting the risk of discharging the starter battery of the vehicle. In this way, a power supply of the on-board installation is obtained according to the desired operation, without having to resort to a connection with the starter of the vehicle.
• the electrical network of the vehicle comprises an alternator capable of supplying a minimum voltage (V1) greater than the said nominal voltage of the battery,
• the switching means is configured to connect the on-board installation to the first circuit when the input voltage of said first circuit is at least equal to said minimum voltage (V1),
• the switching means comprises a first coupling means configured to maintain the first open circuit as long as the input voltage of said first circuit is lower than the minimum voltage (V1),
• said junction device further comprises at least one second circuit intended to connect said power supply to said other current source,
• the switching means further comprises a second coupling means configured to close and / or open said first and / or said second circuit as a function of the presence of an input voltage at said second circuit,
• the second coupling means comprises a first switch and a first control switch, connected for its release to said second circuit between said first switch and an input of said second circuit, said first switch switch keeping said second circuit open in the absence of tripping of said first switch,
• the second coupling means further comprises a second switch, provided at said first circuit, and a second control switch, connected for its release to said second circuit between said first switch and the input of said second circuit, said second switch being kept closed in the absence of triggering of said second switch,
• said second circuit comprises at least one DC charging plug
• said second circuit comprises at least one transformer that can be connected to the mains,
• said vehicle furthermore comprises an autonomous power supply for the on-board installation,
• said autonomous power supply comprises at least one battery, referred to as a servocontrol battery,
• a circuit of said autonomous power supply connects said servocontrol battery to the junction device
• said vehicle comprises a general switch configured to disconnect said embedded installation at the same time from said autonomous power supply and the junction device.
• said servo battery is an AGM type battery, that is to say it is a sealed lead acid battery, mounted with compressed glass fiber separators.
• AGM a sealed lead acid battery, mounted with compressed glass fiber separators.
• the invention also relates to a control method of an on-vehicle installation comprising an electrical network, a battery for supplying said network and a device for connecting the power supply to a power source, said device comprising at least one a first circuit for connecting said power supply to the electrical network, the method comprising a step in which one switches a junction of the power supply between the first circuit and another current source, as a function of the result of a comparison between an input voltage of the first circuit with a determined threshold (VO), strictly greater than a voltage of nominal operation of the battery.
• VO determined threshold
• Said method may comprise steps for operating the vehicle junction device according to the different characteristics mentioned in the present description.
• the invention further relates to a junction device configured for the implementation of such a method.
• Figure 1 shows the electrical diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2 compares the behavior of the load over time for two types of batteries used by a device according to the invention.
• the invention will find its applications especially on vehicles with tractor and trailer.
• a starter battery of the vehicle is generally located in the tractor and the onboard installation involved in the invention is located in the trailer.
• the invention relates in particular to a junction box for a power supply of a cryogenic installation of "CTI" type.
• CTI cryogenic installation
• a CTI installation (not shown in the figures) on board a vehicle uses a fluid such as liquid nitrogen stored in a tank to cool the air in a vehicle storage chamber through one or more heat exchangers.
• this fluid escapes naturally by expansion of the reservoir to pass into the exchanger or exchangers and escape into the atmosphere, thereby forming an open circuit.
• the power consumption of the CTI installation is essentially used to drive the ventilation means to pass the air into the exchangers in the periods of time when it is necessary to cool it, as well as to operating the control circuit, including the temperature sensors and the opening / closing valves of the cryogenic fluid circuit.
• this installation uses a direct current of nominal voltage V0, here 24 V and consumes approximately 10 amperes-hours (Ah) when the fans are on the road.
• the installation may consume transiently more electrical power. This is for example the case when the installation is in defrosting phase. Heating means used for defrosting can then increase this consumption typically to 60 amperes, but for a short time.
• an exemplary embodiment of the power supply device for this installation comprises at least one servocontrol battery 1, delivering the nominal supply voltage V0 of the installation, and a junction box 2 to current sources.
• the solid lines represent electrical connections between the components, by means of weakly resistive conductors.
• a positive pole 3 of the servo battery 1 is connected by a first conductive connection 4 to an input 5 of the electrical circuit of the installation "CTI", to supply the various components.
• the return to a negative pole 6 is performed conventionally by connecting all the elements of the device and the components of the installation on a conductive structure of the vehicle.
• an output 8 of the junction box 2 is connected by a second conductive link 9 to the positive pole 3 of the servocontrol battery 1.
• a general switch 10, determining the start or stop of the installation, at the same time controls the opening / closing of the first 4 and the second conductive link 9.
• the junction box 2 comprises a first input 1 1 connected to an electrical network 12 of the vehicle.
• This network 12 generally operating under the same voltage as the nominal voltage V0, about 24V, usually uses on trucks a standard connection.
• the socket corresponding to the input 1 1 of the junction box 2 to ensure the connection is therefore a standard charging socket for a 24V network.
• it is intended to be permanently connected to the electrical network 12 of the vehicle under normal use, whether the CTI installation or the truck engine are running or stopped. This plug is not shown as such in the figures.
• the electrical network 12 of the vehicle is energized either by one or more batteries 13 or by an alternator 14 when the vehicle engine (not shown) is operating.
• the battery or batteries 13 of the vehicle have a capacity of 200 amperes-hours (Ah) for 24V, the nominal voltage V0.
• the alternator 14, driven by the motor is capable of supplying a current of 100 A at a voltage V1, slightly greater than the nominal voltage V0 of 24V, whereas the consumption of the on-board equipment of the vehicle, plus recharging the batteries 13 of the vehicle, requires only about 70 amp hours.
• this network 12 can supply a certain amount of current, here about 30 amperes-hours (Ah), when the motor is running.
• the alternator 14 provides this capacity with a voltage V1 slightly higher than that of 24V provided by the batteries 13 of the vehicle. In the example presented, this voltage V1 is 25.6V.
• a first branch 15 of the circuit connects the first input 1 1 of the junction box 2 to the output 8 which is connected to the servo battery 1 and the cryogenic installation 5.
• a first coupling means or "coupler-separator” device 16 is interposed on this branch 15. This device 16 opens the circuit branch 15 if the voltage supplied by the electrical network 12 of the vehicle is lower than the voltage V1 supplied by the alternator 14. It closes if not.
• the junction box 2 also comprises a second input 17, intended to be connected to a power source external to the vehicle.
• two jacks 18, 20, are presented.
• a first socket 18 is intended to be connected to a DC source 19 at the nominal voltage V0, for example a 24V charge battery placed on a carriage that can be brought when the vehicle is stopped.
• a second socket 20 is intended to be connected to a source 21 of alternating current, for example the 230V sector.
• the second socket 20 is connected to an on-board charger 22 which converts the alternating current into direct current at the nominal voltage V0 before the second input 17 of the junction box 2.
• the sockets 18, 20, are designed to match standard electrical circuit connectors.
• these receptacles 18, 20 are intended to be manipulated by the operator to connect the supply of the cryogenic plant to the external power source 19, 21, when she is available.
• one or the other or both receptacles 18, 20 can be put in place on the second input 17 of the junction box 2.
• a second circuit branch 23 connects the second input 17 of the junction box 2 to the output 8 which is connected to the servocontrol battery 1 and to the cryogenic installation 5.
• a second coupling means or control device is also installed inside the junction box 2.
• This control device comprises a first switch 25 and a first control switch 24, connected for its release to said second circuit between said first switch 25 and the input 17 of said second circuit. Said first switch 25 keeps said second circuit open in the absence of tripping of said first switch 24.
• Said control device further comprises a second switch 25 'and a second control switch 24', also connected for its release to said second circuit between said first switch 25 and the input 17 of said second circuit.
• Said second switch 25 ' is located at the first circuit 15. It is in turn kept closed in the absence of triggering said second switch 24'.
• the supply device is a first circuit 15-9-4 connecting the cryogenic installation 5 and the servocontrol battery 1 to the electrical network 12 of the vehicle, ie a second circuit 23-9-4 connecting them to one of the current sources 19, 21 external to the vehicle.
• the control device uses, as suggested by the measurement line 26, the value of the voltage on the second branch 23, the second input 17 of the housing junction 2, said measurement line 26 being here connected to the first and second switches 24, 24 'which may be constituted by relays.
• the voltage at the second input 17 is non-zero or at the very least sufficient to trigger the first and second control switches 24, 24 ', which means that the operator has connected one of the sockets 18, 20 on one of the external power sources 19, 21, then the control device 24 opens the second switch 25 'to open the first branch 15 connected to the network 12 of the vehicle and closes the first switch 25 to close the second branch 23 connected to the external source 19, 21,
• the operation of the assembly supplying the cryogenic installation formed of the junction box 2, the or the servo batteries 1, and connecting circuits 9, 4 with the cryogenic installation, is as follows.
• the cryogenic plant 5 is disconnected, so does not work, and the servocontrol battery 1 is isolated from both the cryogenic plant 5 and any connection with outside 12, 19, 21.
• the junction box 2 When the general switch 10 is closed, the junction box 2 is connected to both the servo battery 1 and the cryogenic installation 5, in addition the servo battery 1 is connected to the cryogenic installation 5 Under these conditions, the operation of the cryogenic installation 5 and the assembly forming its supply is determined in the following manner for the four environmental situations of the junction box 2: a) First situation: the engine is on and no socket 18, 20 is connected to an external source 19, 21 to the vehicle.
• the alternator 14 provides current
• the voltage of the electrical network 12 of the vehicle is equal to V1
• the coupler-separator 16 is closed.
• the first circuit branch 15 can supply current.
• the control device does not detect any voltage on the second circuit 23; thus maintains the power supply of the output 8 on the first circuit branch 15.
• the cryogenic plant 5 thus operates using the current from the alternator 14 of the vehicle via the first circuit branch 15 of the junction box 2 and the servo battery 1 is recharged from the surplus power supplied relative 5.
• the alternator 14 provides current
• the voltage of the electrical network 12 of the vehicle is equal to V1
• the coupler-separator 16 is closed.
• the first circuit branch 15 can supply current.
• the control device detects a voltage on the second circuit branch 23, it thus connects the supply of the output 8 to the second circuit branch 23, by flipping the first and second switches 25, 25 '.
• the cryogenic plant 5 thus operates using the current from the external source 19, 21 to the vehicle via the second circuit branch 23 of the junction box 2 and the servo battery 1 is recharged from the surplus power supplied. relative to the consumption of the cryogenic installation 5.
• the engine is off and no plug 18, 20 is connected to an external source 19, 21 to the vehicle.
• the alternator 14 does not supply current
• the voltage of the electric circuit 12 of the vehicle, supplied by the batteries 13 of the vehicle is lower than V1 and the first coupler 16 is open.
• the first circuit branch 15 can not supply current.
• the control device does not detect a voltage on the second circuit 23, it therefore maintains the power supply of the output 8 on the first circuit branch 15. So no power is supplied by the junction box 2 .
• the cryogenic plant 5 then operates using the current from the servocontrol battery 1.
• the engine is off and a plug 18, 20 is connected to an external source 19, 21 to the vehicle.
• the alternator 14 does not supply current
• the voltage of the electric circuit 12 of the vehicle, supplied by the batteries 13 of the vehicle is lower than V1 and the first coupler 16 is open.
• the first circuit branch 15 can not supply current.
• the control device detects a voltage on the second circuit branch 23, it thus connects the supply of the output 8 to the second circuit branch 23, by flipping the first and second switches 25, 25 '.
• the cryogenic plant 5 thus operates using current from the source outside the vehicle 19, 21 via the second circuit branch 23 of the junction box 2, and the servo battery 1 is recharged from the surplus power supplied in relation to the consumption of the cryogenic installation 5.
• the splitter-coupler 16 installed on the first circuit branch 15 provides security from this point of view. Indeed, it opens the first circuit branch 15 connected to the electrical network 12 of the vehicle when the voltage is below the threshold V1 corresponding to the voltage delivered by the alternator 14, when the engine is rotated. This means that in none of the four operating situations does the cryogenic installation 5 use the batteries of the vehicle 13. Furthermore, it can be seen that the cryogenic installation 5 uses the servo battery or batteries 1 only in the situation where no other source of current 12, 19, 21 is available.
• the one or more servo batteries 1 are likely to recharge because the power supplied, either by the electrical network 12 of the vehicle or by the external source 19, 21, is generally larger than that necessary for the cryogenic installation 5, in particular when it uses CTI technology.
• the automatic flip-flop made by the junction box 2 is advantageous because it avoids, for example, omissions in handling, where the second circuit branch 23 would be left unconnected while one of the jacks 18, 20 is connected and that the engine is off, in the fourth operating situation.
• the cryogenic installation 5 would then be obliged to fire on the servo battery (s) 1 while an external source of current 19, 21 is available.
• the supply of the installation by the power source of the second circuit is preferred.
• the operation of the presented embodiments provides a power management allowing a choice that increases the service life of the servo batteries.
• cryogenic installation in an example of operating cycles of the cryogenic installation related to distribution of thermosensitive products, the cryogenic installation is generally in function only during the tour, that is to say when the truck works or when it is close to a refueling point where an electric recharging terminal is available.
• This example therefore corresponds to operational cycles where the third operating situation mentioned, corresponding to the fact that the cryogenic installation 5 draws on the servo battery or batteries 1 occurs rarely compared to other situations.
• Servo batteries 1 thus undergo a number of deep cycles of discharge / recharge, in the sense that they would pass through a very low load, a priori low during the life of the cryogenic installation. On the other hand, it is important that, when stressed, these batteries maintain the supplied voltage. This is particularly true in case they should be called upon when the installation is for example in defrost mode and it consumes a power well above that of its nominal operating regime.
• a preferred embodiment of the power supply of a cryogenic installation in particular of the CTI type, consists of using batteries using AGM technology.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-03-27 FR FR1452626A patent/FR3019393B1/fr active Active
• 2015
  • 2015-03-04 EP EP15713977.5A patent/EP3123591A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-03-04 WO PCT/FR2015/050524 patent/WO2015145010A1/fr active Application Filing

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