EP3121334A1 - Vorgefertigtes element mit einem permanent eingebetteten schild und herstellungsverfahren für das vorgefertigte element - Google Patents

Vorgefertigtes element mit einem permanent eingebetteten schild und herstellungsverfahren für das vorgefertigte element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3121334A1
EP3121334A1 EP16180067.7A EP16180067A EP3121334A1 EP 3121334 A1 EP3121334 A1 EP 3121334A1 EP 16180067 A EP16180067 A EP 16180067A EP 3121334 A1 EP3121334 A1 EP 3121334A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
photoluminescent
cut
mass
sign
prefabricated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16180067.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marcin Hamerski
Zbigniew Mike
Piotr Mike
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3121334A1 publication Critical patent/EP3121334A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/553—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members
    • E01F9/559—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members illuminated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/18—Elements representing text

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prefabricated element in the form of a complete element which contains a permanently embedded, photoluminescent sign of any shape - be it a pictogram, a geometric figure, a line, a digit or a sequence of them, as well as the production method of the element in question.
  • the solution provided by the invention can have its application as a energy-saving information sign, a mandatory sign, a prohibitory traffic sign or a warning sign, signs increasing safety and facilitating transport, especially after dark, on all kinds of hardened surfaces i.e. traffic and transport routes, bike paths, alleys, on parking lots, pavements, quays, railway platforms, swimming pools' edges, stairs, stairwells as well as in other applications tailored to meet specific needs.
  • the prefabricated element can also serve as a decorative or identification element in gardens, parks, public spaces, cemeteries, in front of the main entries to buildings and it can also be a marketing tool when it contains a logo or a slogan.
  • the surrounding space contains a lot of signs and elements aimed at ensuring safety, facilitating transport, transmitting information and making our surroundings functional and friendly. All those signs and elements are installed out of concern for all of us: drivers, cyclists, motorcyclists, pedestrians, the disabled, children and elderly people, tourists, foreigners and others. Most of those signs and elements are based on visual communication. After dark, however, its effectiveness decreases unless it is supported by electrical systems generating light which can illuminate given elements of visual communication. The cost of an electrical installation and energy consumption can be eliminated or limited due to the use of a photoluminescent pigment in the material which a sign is made of. Then, after exposing to light, signs will emit their own light thanks to which they will be visible after dark. Thus in some places it could be possible to get rid of electrical systems and, as a result, save significant amounts of money.
  • the state of the art includes combinations of photoluminescent materials with building materials. Such a solution is described by a Belgian patent description BE822626 . According to it, a photoluminescent component is combined with building materials e.g. concrete in order to create a homogenous building material with photoluminescent properties.
  • a Chinese utility model in protective specification CN2718049 sets forth a prefabricated, glowing curb with a cable duct.
  • the top outer part of the curb contains a concrete binder with a photoluminescent component.
  • Patent specification WO2010134805 presents the production method of concrete products whose surface is covered with a coating containing small, glowing pieces of glass.
  • the glass contains a photoluminescent pigment and adheres to the concrete due to resin, glue or plastic.
  • Patent specification WO2014175732 provides the method of a photoluminescent marking of road lanes and lines. A cut is made in the surface of a road. Then an elastic section, which contains a photoluminescent material (with a source of light, too, if necessary), is placed inside the cut.
  • Patent specification EP2531655 shows markings placed on hardened surfaces by painting them with paint or by sticking on them tapes with a photoluminescent component.
  • patent specification GB2224296 describes an invention in the form of a line made of plastic and epoxy paint stuck on road surfaces.
  • Patent specification JP4066051 presents an invention where concrete elements and photoluminescent markings are heat-sealed using a burner.
  • the subject of the invention solves the above mentioned problems: it eliminates the problem of marking abrasion and the dependency on favorable weather conditions during the installation process.
  • the production of the invention takes place in an industrial plant, which facilitates the quality control of production processes and decreases the risk of environmental contamination.
  • the technology of the invention provides unlimited possibilities of shaping photoluminescent signs on prefabricated elements.
  • the solution set forth by the invention by embedding a marking made of photoluminescent mass in a properly shaped element, provides a durable prefabricated element performing the function of information, warning, prohibition, order or decoration. Due to their embedding in a properly prepared cut, photoluminescent markings gain a side construction protection, which increases their resistance to abrasion significantly in comparison with photoluminescent layers used on non-cut surfaces. Careful priming of the surface of a cut and covering it with reflective paint increases its intensity of reflecting light energy from the marking embedded in the cut, thus its functional efficiency is also increased.
  • the production of prefabricated elements with photoluminescent markings in factory conditions, in a stable environment, makes the pace and the quality of production independent from weather conditions and it enables, to a greater degree, to prevent uncontrolled leaks of chemical substances into the natural environment.
  • the invention is characterized by energy efficiency as it limits or eliminates the use of electrical energy which is necessary for it to perform its function after dark.
  • the operational-functional readiness of prefabricated elements in a designated place depends only on the length of time of their installation, and not on the time of drying of photoluminescent material creating markings.
  • the controlled conditions in the factory allow for the use of a wider spectrum of milling technologies to make cuts in the finished elements and for modeling formwork molds, as a result of which the choice of the shapes of photoluminescent signs is virtually unlimited.
  • the factory conditions allow for producing repeatable elements distinguished by the best possible properties.
  • the simplicity of the production technology makes it easier to ensure products' durability and is relatively inexpensive.
  • the technology's durability contributes to the reduction of maintenance costs (i.e. renewal) of hardened surfaces, which should, in turn, contribute to the improvement of the safety of users of public spaces, in particular after dark.
  • the subject of the invention is characterized by the fact that a photoluminescent sign (or its part, if a given sign is bigger than a single prefabricated element) is permanently embedded in the element.
  • the prefabricated element has a cut in the shape of a marking or its part in which photoluminescent mass is embedded. During the production phase it is preferable, once a fresh photoluminescent mass is hardened, for a sign to be flush with the external surface of the element.
  • the depth of a cut in the element is from 1 to 5 mm and the width from 5 to 100 mm and when the external surface of a cut is covered with reflective paint.
  • a lightning system should be installed on the surface of a cut.
  • the use of a lightning system e.g.in the form of LEDs embedded in the mass, additionally illuminates a photoluminescent sign from underneath. Any lightning system requires power supply, therefore the element should contain at least one opening for providing power supply.
  • the cut of the said depth and width prevents spillages, dispersals and smears of a fresh photoluminescent mass during forming it into the shape of a given marking in the element and during transporting it within the premises of an industrial plant. Thus, during the production of prefabricated elements any potential loss of photoluminescent mass is minimized.
  • the precision of making the edge of a cut and filling it up with photoluminescent mass translates directly into increased visibility of a sign in prefabricated elements, which consequently translates into its clearness and effectiveness.
  • the required precision depends on the distance from which a marking is supposed to be visible - it will be different for a prefabricated element placed in a pavement than for the one placed high in the elevation of a building. In every instance, the precision should very from 0,1 to 5 mm.
  • the edges of a cut and the marking protect one another from abrasive horizontal forces, which is presented by fig.4a and fig. 4b comparing the solution delivered by this invention with the solutions belonging to the state of the art.
  • Abrasive forces exists in the city traffic e.g. vehicles' wheels running onto markings or shoe soles rubbing them off.
  • the cut provides a long-lasting protection of signs and they comfortable in daily use (signs are imperceptible under feet) and financial savings due to the fact that regular renewing of signs is unnecessary.
  • photoluminescent mass consists of a transparent synthetic mass resistant to UV rays mixed with a photoluminescent component.
  • the synthetic mass performs the role of a binding agent.
  • a photoluminescent component is in the form of compounds of rare earth elements with photoluminescent properties in light yellow, light green or light blue color and the granularity of 40-50 ⁇ m. In the daytime these compounds absorb light energy (by exposition to sunlight) and after dark they release it into the surrounding environment as a part of the visible spectrum. As the result of their absorption of light energy from any portion of the visible spectrum, ultraviolet or infrared, the photoluminescent component can glow even up to 12 hours, although the intensity of light weakens with time. It is preferable when the photoluminescent component added to the synthetic mass is compliant with norm DIN67510.
  • Photoluminescent mass can also contain quartz sand, powdered white glass of 0,05 - 0,3 mm fraction or additions in the form of glass microspheres from 125 to 850 ⁇ m in diameter.
  • quartz sand alternatively, powdered glass or glass microspheres gives constructional strength to the mass - i.e. it constitutes its building material. In order to achieve a better exchange of light energy between the photoluminescent element and the environment, the building material should be transparently white.
  • photoluminescent mass contains components with antifungal or antibacterial properties or components acting as filters changing the glow colour of markings or hardening components.
  • the subject of the invention also includes the method of producing prefabricated elements.
  • the method is characterized by the fact that, in the first place, an element with a cut is prepared, and then the cut is cleaned and dried to be primed and painted with reflective paint suitable for the mass. Subsequently, the photoluminescent mass is placed permanently inside the cut and after hardening, it constitutes a embedded photoluminescent sign.
  • an element is casted in a formwork mold, at the bottom of which a mold of the mirror image of the marking, or its part, is placed. Later, after a reinforcing mesh is placed, the mould is filled in or poured with a material mixture, preferably concrete. The material is condensed by vibrations and later left to harden.
  • both of the moulds are made of a non-porous and resistant to vibrations material. It is also preferable when the moulds are cleaned and spray-coated with an anti-adhesive oil in order to prevent the material mixture from sticking to them.
  • Another preferable variant of producing the prefabricated element according to the method is when a cut is made by mechanical processing with the use of a milling machine or an engraving machine. These machines receive data from a process-controlling computer based on a programmed project. This variant of the production method is intended for the materials not subject to plastic forming e.g. paving slabs.
  • photoluminescent mass after being placed in a cut and hardening, is flush with the external surface of the element.
  • photoluminescent mass a transparent synthetic mass resistant to UV rays and a photoluminescent component.
  • the photoluminescent component can come in the form of rare earth elements with photoluminescent properties.
  • what can be added to photoluminescent mass is quartz sand or powdered glass of 0,05 - 0,3 mm fraction or additions in the form of glass microspheres from 125 to 850 ⁇ m in diameter, or components with antifungal or antibacterial properties or components acting as filters changing the glow colour of markings or hardening components.
  • the additions to photoluminescent mass are aimed at providing durability of a sign, roughness of its surface, its reflectiveness or other properties depending on specified requirements.
  • fig.1 shows an axonometric view of the prefabricated element with a photoluminescent sign as an example
  • fig.2a a cross-section of the cut with photoluminescent mass in the element
  • fig.2b a cross-section of the cut with photoluminescent mass in the element with a duct for an additional light source system
  • fig.3a a projection of the prefabricated element in the form of a concrete slab with a photoluminescent pictogram in the shape of a bike
  • fig.4a a side view of a wheel running over the sign in the cut
  • fig.4b a side view of a wheel running over the sign placed on the surface and a distribution of forces
  • fig.4a a side view of a wheel running over the sign in the cut
  • Prefabricated element 10 consisting of element 12 with photoluminescent sign 14 whose example is shown in fig.1 , constitutes a fragment of a horizontal hardened surface - for example, prefabricated element 10 can be embedded in the surface of a bike path.
  • Prefabricated element 10 consists of element 12 in the form of a slab and sign 14 made of photoluminescent mass 22 permanently embedded in cut 20 in element 12.
  • Model sign14 is in the shape of a bike pictogram.
  • Fig.3a shows a projection of the prefabricated element according to fig.1
  • fig.3b presents a projection of prefabricated elements placed side by side, as a result of which one photoluminescent sign 14 is obtained in the shape of a bike.
  • cut 20 has two advantages:
  • Cut 20 in the example of embodiment, has the depth of 5 mm and the width of 70 mm, while the inner surface of cut 20 is coated with reflective paint 210.
  • Photoluminescent mass 22 consists of synthetic mass 214 resistant to UV rays mixed with photoluminescent component 216.
  • Photoluminescent component 216 contains a compound of rare earth elements with the granularity of 50 ⁇ m.
  • photoluminescent mass 22 contains quartz sand, powdered white glass 212 with the fraction of 0,3 mm and glass microspheres of 125 ⁇ m in diameter. Additionally, photoluminescent mass 22 contains components with antifungal or antibacterial properties, hardening agents as well as a component acting as the filter changing the glow colour of a marking.
  • inner surface of cut 20 is coated with reflective paint 210, and on the surface of reflective paint 219 a lightning system is placed in the form of LEDs 218 together with power cord 220 through an opening in element 12.
  • element 12 with cut 20 is prepared.
  • element 12 is prepared using moulds and casting techniques.
  • the formwork mould of element 50 is made separately and the formwork mould of the mirror image of sign 52 is prepared, as shown in fig.5 .
  • Both of the moulds are made of a non-porous material, resistant to vibrations.
  • the mould of the mirror image of sign 52 is made from an acrylic plate, 3 mm thick, stabilized to avoid any movement during making a cast and later, during the vibration process. The stability is achieved by sticking the plate to the bottom of the mould.
  • the mould are cleaned and coated with an anti-adhesive oil 54. Later, when the reinforcement is set and immobilized in mould 50, an earlier prepared material e.g. concrete is placed inside the mould of element 50.
  • the mould of element 50 is vibrated for a short time in order to thicken the inserted material, to obtain level edges 24 and a level shape of cut 20 and to remove air gaps, as shown in fig.6a and 6b .
  • Air gaps are highly undesirable as they weaken the construction of element 12, make it possible for moisture to build up, create the risk of reinforcement corrosion. Moreover, water frozen inside air gaps can burst sign 14 and element 12. The vibration process should not take too long as it can delaminate the material element 12 is made of.
  • the filled-up mould is left for the time necessary for the material to harden. Once the material is hard, element 12 with a prepared cut 20 is taken out of the mould and it goes through quality control and, if necessary, correction are made.
  • element 12 with cut 20 undergoes a further processing. Before cut 20 is filled up with fresh photoluminescent mass 22, it should properly be prepared. First, cut 20 is cleaned of dust and degreased. Next, cut 20 is primed with colourless priming agent 28. When priming agent 28 is dried, a single layer of white reflective chemically-resistant priming paint 210 for concrete is applied on it.
  • Sign 14 is made of fresh photoluminescent mass 22 inserted into cut 20.
  • Sign 14 is made of fresh photoluminescent mass 22 inserted into cut 20.
  • the protuberance of sign 14 over element 12 can be justified e.g. in order to draw special attention to a given sign.
  • photoluminescent mass 22 in cut 20 is flush with the surface of element 12.
  • element 12 and sign 14 in the example of a patent application, were given an anti-slip texture.
  • element 12 or sign 14 can be smooth.
  • Photoluminescent mass 22 consists mainly of synthetic mass 214 and photoluminescent component 216, whereas photoluminescent component 216 is comprised a compound of rare earth elements. Quarts sand and powdered glass 212 of 0,05 mm fraction and glass microspheres of 850 ⁇ m in diameter, hardening and antifungal substances were also added to photoluminescent mass 22.
  • Fresh photoluminescent mass 22 is poured into cut 20 in such a way that:
  • prefabricated element 10 After inserting fresh photoluminescent mass 22 into cut 20, prefabricated element 10 should be left until sign 14 gets hardened, it should stay in a stable and clean environment. After hardening, prefabricated element 10 is ready for its installation in a designated place.
  • element 12 with cut 20 is prepared.
  • cut 20 is made by mechanical processing using e.g. a milling machine.
  • the milling machine receives data from a computer which is equipped with software for designing signs 14 and the one for controlling the milling process.
  • a designer uses the software to determine, among others, the location and dimensions and shape of cut 20 on a computer model of element 12.
  • the advantage of the prefabricated element is: the darker it gets, the brighter the sign glows.
  • the visual message which is the function of the element, directed to them gets stronger. It translated positively into safety and lives of people who are in the vicinity of signs e.g. pedestrians, cyclists, the disabled, drivers. Thanks to that, everyone feels safer in the space they happen to be.
  • signs glow very intensively e.g. a pedestrian crossing marked with them can be visible even from the distance of a few hundred meters.
  • the photoluminescent component is illuminated temporarily by the lights of passing vehicles and gives out light for a short time afterwards.
  • Another advantage of the prefabricated element being the subject of the invention is the fact that it performs its informative, warning, mandatory, prohibitive, or decorative function without electricity consumption. What it means is huge savings at the investment stage because the owner does not have to incur the costs of arranging, designing and building additional electrical installations and protecting them from being accessed by unauthorized persons e.g. thieves. During daily use, the owner of prefabricated elements does not incur the cost of electricity, for which he would need to pay in case of standard illuminated signs.
  • photoluminescent signs are unfailing - they never stop working during a power cut, or when a short-circuit occurs, or when cables are cut.
  • the key to their reliability is in the laws of physics, chemistry and in their durable construction - hence the idea to produce prefabricated elements in an industrial plant, in stable and controlled conditions.
  • Another advantage of the invention is its pro-ecological nature which also includes, mentioned earlier, energy efficiency.
  • the use of prefabricated elements instead of paints applied on site eliminates the emission of paints' ingredients into the environment and also eliminates the risk of an uncontrolled spillage of paints and their penetration into groundwater.
  • the durability of prefabricated elements, higher than the durability of paints, enhances these advantages as paints need to renewed, on average, every six months. As a result, every six months thinners are emitted, which creates the risk of their penetration into the environment.
  • Another advantage of the invention is time savings during construction of hardened surfaces such as roads, pavements, parking lots or stairs.
  • a contractor would have to devote time at least for preparing the surface (cleaning, degreasing), painting or sticking, securing it for the time necessary for markings to dry.
  • these actions may be extended due to unfavourable weather conditions e.g. rain or frost.
  • Prefabricated elements are ready to be used immediately after installation and it takes the same amount of time as installing elements without markings. Thus, it is safe to assume that, in case of marking the surface only with prefabricated elements, the time of making markings equals zero. It is of great importance in case of major traffic routes which are vital for an uninterrupted functioning of cities.
  • the solution according to the invention has a wide range of applications in marking and securing spaces. Additionally, the solution can be used for decorating and for marketing purposes. Moreover, prefabricated elements can be divided into the following groups:
EP16180067.7A 2015-07-22 2016-07-19 Vorgefertigtes element mit einem permanent eingebetteten schild und herstellungsverfahren für das vorgefertigte element Withdrawn EP3121334A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL413213A PL413213A1 (pl) 2015-07-22 2015-07-22 Prefabrykat elementu zawierającego trwale wbudowany znak oraz sposób wykonania prefabrykatu

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EP3121334A1 true EP3121334A1 (de) 2017-01-25

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018224716A1 (es) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Universidad De Huelva Señalizacion vial horizontal fotoluminiscente
CN109082995A (zh) * 2018-08-14 2018-12-25 佛山市集美市政园林工程有限公司 市政道路施工方法
GB2575007A (en) * 2018-05-03 2020-01-01 Oliver David Landscape article

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE822626Q (fr) 1972-01-20 1975-03-14 Materiaux photoluminescents et procede pour leur fabrication
GB2224296A (en) 1988-08-23 1990-05-02 David Michial Applegate A fluorescent road marking
JPH0466051B2 (de) 1983-05-20 1992-10-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd
DE20110061U1 (de) * 2001-06-18 2001-09-06 Enna Werk Dr Appelt Gmbh & Co Selbstleuchtende Kennzeichnung und Orientierungshilfe
JP2004197518A (ja) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-15 Maruemu:Kk 誘導用舗装板
CN2718049Y (zh) 2004-01-13 2005-08-17 杨毅男 多功能预制水泥混凝土发光路边石
US20090262514A1 (en) * 2007-03-08 2009-10-22 Glow-Mark Technologies, Llc Cast photoluminescent devices and photoluminescent inserts for substrates
WO2010134805A1 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-11-25 Next Generation B.V. Light emitting concrete comprising photoluminescent pigment containing glass particles
EP2531655A1 (de) 2010-02-04 2012-12-12 Re-Turn AS Vorrichtung zur lichtmarkierung mithilfe leuchtender klebebilder
WO2014175732A1 (en) 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 Heijmans N.V. Road marking

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE822626Q (fr) 1972-01-20 1975-03-14 Materiaux photoluminescents et procede pour leur fabrication
JPH0466051B2 (de) 1983-05-20 1992-10-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd
GB2224296A (en) 1988-08-23 1990-05-02 David Michial Applegate A fluorescent road marking
DE20110061U1 (de) * 2001-06-18 2001-09-06 Enna Werk Dr Appelt Gmbh & Co Selbstleuchtende Kennzeichnung und Orientierungshilfe
JP2004197518A (ja) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-15 Maruemu:Kk 誘導用舗装板
CN2718049Y (zh) 2004-01-13 2005-08-17 杨毅男 多功能预制水泥混凝土发光路边石
US20090262514A1 (en) * 2007-03-08 2009-10-22 Glow-Mark Technologies, Llc Cast photoluminescent devices and photoluminescent inserts for substrates
WO2010134805A1 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-11-25 Next Generation B.V. Light emitting concrete comprising photoluminescent pigment containing glass particles
EP2531655A1 (de) 2010-02-04 2012-12-12 Re-Turn AS Vorrichtung zur lichtmarkierung mithilfe leuchtender klebebilder
WO2014175732A1 (en) 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 Heijmans N.V. Road marking

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018224716A1 (es) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Universidad De Huelva Señalizacion vial horizontal fotoluminiscente
GB2575007A (en) * 2018-05-03 2020-01-01 Oliver David Landscape article
CN109082995A (zh) * 2018-08-14 2018-12-25 佛山市集美市政园林工程有限公司 市政道路施工方法

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