EP3115702A1 - Method for configuring energy-saving heating systems - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method for setting energy-saving heating systems, the heating water is supplied to respective radiators in existing heating systems with a branched supply lines having line network. From these, the cooled heating water can be returned via adjustable barriers in a return line to a boiler. According to the invention, all of the heating elements forming a heating circuit are set successively to a constant inflow of heating water in accordance with their respective heat capacity associated receiving volume only by means of respective individual barriers in the return. These settings, which can be adapted to the required heating capacities of the rooms, are then controlled via a volumetric flow volume measurement in the return flow of the pipeline network. For a thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing of the heating system can be realized, such that a higher heat capacity achieved from the heating surfaces while the required Betriebsheiztemperatur is lowered.

Description

The invention relates to a method for setting energy-saving heating systems according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the prior art, different systems are proposed for optimizing the operation of heating systems, with methods for controlling and regulating have long been directed to a reduction in energy requirements. According to a proposal in DE 42 11 914 C2 is intended to influence the regulation of a heating system in that the system in the field of a data processing unit in each case the amount of heat emitted by the heat generator per unit time is specified in dependence on the outside temperature. This should also be achieved with burners with unchangeable power as long as possible. The required amount of heat is derived from a previously determined boiler output and respective run time intervals determined as the time unit.

Using an outdoor temperature to be recorded at intervals and respective readings of the return temperature, an energy-saving system can be achieved. A disadvantage has been found in adjusting the system that an intervention in the boiler performance by a single change of the nozzles of the burner is required, a known per se heating pump for a uniform circulation of the heat transfer medium is used by all radiators, after a DIN-compliant hydraulic Adjustment was made.

In DE 196 45 135 A1 a method for controlling a heating system is proposed, in which the control can be realized only with a complex mixer in a bypass line. The necessary for activating the circuit heating circuit pump is integrated in the form of a circulating pump in Heizwasservorlauf, so that two circulating pumps are required.

Out DE 44 19 941 A1 a method for controlling a space heating system is known in which the flow in the pump can be adjusted independently of temperature to 100% of the power. Only in a temperature range with a smaller heat requirement, the circulating pump is temperature-dependent controlled.

In general, it should be noted that in conventional heating systems, complete control systems are equipped with a large number of additional components. In addition to the mixers commonly used in connection with the heating circuit pumps, hydraulic switches are integrated into the system. In addition, return lifts and overflow valves are used in conjunction with balancing valves so that overall elaborate heating controls are required. Their optimal setting during the known hydraulic balancing according to DIN lead to a high potential error and for the practitioner hardly realizable regulatory expenses.

The invention is concerned with the problem of providing a method for energy-saving adjustment of heating systems, which both new to be designed systems as well as existing existing systems with less technical Efficiency can be increased and setting the system to energy-saving process parameters in a relatively short time is possible.

The invention solves this problem with a method having the features of claim 1. With regard to significant further embodiments, reference is made to the claims 2 to 10.

When operating heating systems, it is provided that a so-called hydraulic balancing is performed on them, whereby the regulations according to DIN 18380 must be observed. Starting from these DIN-compliant, practicable disadvantages exhibiting and realizable in existing systems only with increased effort adaptation requirements, the system according to the invention provides a significant simplification.

The concept according to the invention is directed to the fact that now all of the heating elements forming a heating circuit are set successively to a constant inflow of heating water in accordance with their respective heat capacity associated receiving volume. In this case, in the respective present overall system, only the individual shut-offs in the return valve are used. Based on this first process step with the adjusted to each required heating power settings then a total volume of circulating in the heating system heating water can be formed. The system then becomes a comparatively simple volume flow measurement controlled in the return line of the pipeline network. Due to these specific settings only at the return, it is possible to achieve a higher heat capacity from the heating surfaces and thus lower the Betriebsheiztemperatur the entire system.

The basic idea of this procedure is aimed at carrying out a thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing according to the invention. The hydraulic system already in place or to be set up in a planning phase and the respective optimum temperatures in the heating system circuit are optimized with a setting so that additional mixers, heating circuit pumps, hydraulic switches, overflow valves and return heaters on the boiler can be dispensed with. Individual components for the thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing can be advantageously replaced by a heating pump in the return of the system. This thermo-dynamic presetting is designed so that subsequently the heating loads can be controlled by appropriate process parameters building and user-specific.

In the conventional setting of heating systems with "simple" hydraulic balancing according to DIN 18380 is intended to adjust the individual heating surfaces of the rooms at the flow of presettable thermostatic valves accordingly. In the method according to the invention with the thermo-dynamic-hydraulic adjustment is provided that now takes place at respective lockable return screw o. The like. Adjusting elements on the return of the heating surfaces adjusting and balancing. With this surprisingly efficient attitude principle - and the comparatively few components for controlling the "disarmed" Heat cycle - is achieved that the heating surfaces now - in the flow direction from top to bottom - have a uniform thermal image. It has been shown that with the setting according to the invention, the temperature difference between flow and return to the radiator in the range of 1 ° C to 4 ° C can be maintained. After this dynamic adjustment of the entire heating system in all rooms, the heating operating temperature can be substantially reduced, and the system is operated in total in an energy-saving optimized state.

Starting from an advantageously lower heating operating temperature, an indirect calculation of the respectively optimum room temperature is now possible, whereby in the case of existing systems the heating surface installed in each room must be taken into account. Also, a variable control in the area of the respective heating surfaces, for example on here possibly existing thermostatic valve, can be realized after the thermo-dynamic balance, that with optimally flowed radiators, the energy balance remains positively affected.

It has been shown that the thermostatic valves on the existing heating surfaces are largely unnecessary, since they are needed for a room temperature control only to a small extent. When planning new heating systems, it may be necessary to dispense with these valves.

An advantageous embodiment of the system control provides that the thermo-dynamically-hydraulically balanced heating system with a weather-controlled System is equipped. A specially adapted to this system and thus improved effective controller is designed so that the heating temperature, the heating times, the hot water treatment, the heating zones and the heating pump can be controlled with efficient software of a computer. It has been shown that the on and off intervals provided in conventional burners of about 8 times per hour can be reduced to once per hour with the system set according to the invention.

In conventional heating systems, the useful heat generated in the boiler is generated to a large extent to provision and thereby achieved by means of thermostatic valves in the radiator area a scheme. In these systems, too much heat is produced accordingly, so that with the inventive control of a permanent system circulation in the heating circuit - which is hydraulically balanced thermo-dynamically - a significant energy saving is achieved. For this purpose, a weather-controlled heating control with object- and customer-specific software is integrated into the system.

It has been shown that the heating circuit enclosing the entire pipeline network of flow and return can be operated after the thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing without heat management with an optimally loadable boiler. For this purpose, the boiler is metered in a controlled manner to the total volume of the liquid flows moved in the radiators and the lines.

It is in principle to be assumed that the above-described procedure, the thermostatic valves in the radiator - as already mentioned - are not necessary in every case. For an energy-optimized setting, it has been found that respective, provided in the radiator thermostatic valves should be set at least in the adjustment phase to substantially the same flow temperatures. Thus, the uniform temperature distributions in the radiator area are achieved directly.

The individual settings of the shutters used in the subsequent adjustment according to the invention in the region of the respective radiators are directed to the fact that a minimization of the temperature gradient in each of the radiators is now achieved and proven in the thermo-dynamically-hydraulically balanced system. In the phases of respective settings of the system components is therefore provided that a uniform distribution of the radiation temperature is controlled at each radiator by means of a temperature measuring device and if appropriate adjustments to the flow volume. In particular, it is provided that the heat distribution state can be checked on each radiator by means of a temperature measuring device.

Based on this test situation, it is provided that the temperature and / or heat distribution state after a heating phase of the heating system is checked and then a vote on the heating power of the boiler so that it works in each, for example, depending on the outside temperature operating trap in an optimal range ,

Based on the above-described procedure in the thermo-dynamic-hydraulic design of the balance and thereby provided volume flow measurement, the accuracy of the individual settings of the system can be additionally controlled in the vicinity of the return pump via a thermal load measurement. From a comparison of the measured values from volume flow measurement and thermal load cycle measurement with the detectable consumption of primary energy of the boiler, the overall efficiency of the heating system can be calculated with little effort and set to optimum consumption values.

In systems with conventional heating technology, evaluations are already carried out to determine the system efficiency. For this, however, the corresponding measured values are to be recorded over the time range of one year or at least one defined heating period. It is known that these evaluations are complex and inaccurate. In the setting of the system according to the invention, the efficiency can be improved by determining that the load profile measurement delivers more accurate values. Similar to a TÜV test in the area of a heat generator can now be determined or measured immediately after conversion or reinstallation of a heating system, the system efficiency. Thus, the observation of an entire heating period is no longer necessary. Successful load profile efficiency detection can be carried out immediately after the heating network has been converted if respective room temperatures of less than 20 ° C., in particular 16 ° C., are provided as the initial value.

From initial tests of the adjustment system according to the invention with thermo-dynamic-hydraulic preparation results in a significant improvement in the standard efficiency of a boiler including the heating system. For the first time, values of the standard system efficiency of 90% to 95% were achieved in the newly designed system.

Fig. 1

eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Heizungsanlage mit erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Mess- und Regelpunkten für einen thermo-dynamisch-hydraulischen Abgleich,

Fig. 2

eine Einzeldarstellung eines die Temperaturverteilung zeigenden Heizkörpers in der Heizphase,

Fig. 3

eine Einzeldarstellung ähnlich Fig. 2 in der Abkühlphase,

Fig. 4

eine Darstellung des Regelverhaltens einer konventionellen Anlage,

Fig. 5

eine Darstellung des Regelverhaltens der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung,

Fig. 6

eine Prinzipdarstellung ähnlich Fig. 1 mit einem erweiterten Bereich mit Heizkörpern, und

Fig. 7

eine erweiterte Heizungsanlage mit mehreren Heizkreisen, die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen System zum thermo-dynamisch-hydraulischen Abgleich verbunden sind.

Further details and advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the following description and the drawings. Therein are shown several embodiments of the method according to the invention for the optimal calibration of heating systems. In the drawing show:

Fig. 1

a schematic diagram of a heating system with inventively provided measuring and control points for a thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing,

Fig. 2

a detailed representation of a temperature distribution facing radiator in the heating phase,

Fig. 3

a single representation similar Fig. 2 in the cooling phase,

Fig. 4

a representation of the control behavior of a conventional system,

Fig. 5

a representation of the control behavior of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 6

a schematic representation similar Fig. 1 with an extended area with radiators, and

Fig. 7

an advanced heating system with multiple heating circuits, which are connected to the inventive system for thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing.

In Fig. 1 is a fragmentary heating system shown with a heating system 1, which may be installed, for example, in a home o. The like. Building. Such existing or to be planned heating system 1 is provided with a branched flow lines 2 having line network 3, with which the heating water respective radiators HK is supplied. From these radiators HK the cooled heating water can be returned via adjustable barriers AV to a boiler 4 (arrow R).

In the inventive concept for setting the heating system to an energy-saving mode of operation is provided that all of a heating circuit forming radiator HK be set according to their respective heat capacity associated receiving volume. For this it is sufficient that now only the respective individual barriers AV in the return 5 of the radiator HK be used. In a first method step, the radiators HK are set successively to a constant inflow of heating water, the respective inlet valves TV are open to 100%.

Starting from this first adjustment phase, the required total volume of the heating water can be controlled via a volume flow measurement VM in the return line 5 of the pipeline network 3 (at 7, FIG. Fig. 1 ). With this test, it is ensured that the systems to be adapted to the respective required heat outputs in the area of the boiler 4 have an optimum setting for delivery for all of the radiators HK.

From the schematic diagram according to Fig. 1 It is also clear that the heating system of the system 1 enclosing the network 3 is directed to an optimally loadable boiler 4 without heat management. For this purpose, the boiler 4 is measured in a controlled manner to the total volume of the number of radiators HK. In this case, the system according to the invention is designed so that a thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing can be realized on the heating system 1 and thus the efficiency is demonstrably increased.

With the thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing method, a long-term control of the system is prepared, the performance of at least one heating boiler o. The like. Heat Suppliers is adjusted to the volume of water from the existing volume of pipes and radiators volume and then depending on the pipe diameters an optimal flow rate can be adjusted.

The schematic diagram according to Fig. 1 shows that the heating network including the network 3 is operated without heat management with an optimally loadable boiler 4. This boiler 4 is calibrated to the existing in the system total volume of the radiator HK and the corresponding lines in flow 2 and return 5. In the area of the illustrated three radiators HK the respective thermostatic valves TV are shown in a complete open position, so that at least in the inventive thermo-dynamic-hydraulic adjustment phase of the adjustment in all radiators HK, the substantially same flow temperature is effective. For the adapted return control, an opening state at AV of 7% is shown in the area of the radiator HK1 (50 liters / h), the radiator HK2 (30 liters / h) has an open position of 4%, and the radiator HK3 (100 liters / h). h) is exemplified to 13%.

For this optimal implementation of a thermodynamic-hydraulic calibration, the system 1 is provided with a pump 6 which ensures a constant hydraulic pressure P, at least during the adjustment phase of the barriers AV. In an expedient embodiment, this pump 6 is integrated into the system in the region of the return water receiving return 5.

In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 the effect of the individual adjustment of the barrier AV is exemplified in the area of a radiator HK4. From the illustration according to Fig. 2 the temperature distribution in the heating phase is clear, starting from the upper supply line 2 over the entire radiator HK a substantially uniform temperature distribution is achieved and the return flow. 5 towards a minimization of the temperature gradient is sought. Based on this taking place with a flow rate of, for example, 70 L / hour heating phase, the system is integrated in the area of the barrier AV by the previous thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balance adjustment in the flow that now with reduced flow in the pump 6 a long-lasting Cooling phase (here: flow rate 35 L / hour) is achieved.

It has been shown that this thermo-dynamic optimization of the radiator HK can be tested by means of a temperature measuring device through their individual adaptation in the area of the barrier AV at each of the radiators HK. In the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 Heat distribution states illustrated by way of example can be detected with a thermal imaging camera or the like. It follows that after a heating phase of the heating system 1, the temperature and / or heat distribution state is tuned to the respective heating capacity of the boiler 4 professionally to an efficient use of energy.

A further advantageous embodiment of the process control provides that the individual settings of the system in addition to the volume flow measurement already described (at 7, Fig. 1 , Ultrasonic measuring points) can be controlled in the vicinity of the return pump 6 via a thermal load measurement 8. This makes it possible that the efficiency of the heating installation 1 can be calculated in total from a comparison of the measured values from volumetric flow measurement 7 and thermal load measurement 8 with the consumption values of primary energy in the area of the gas meter 9.

Starting from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 It is clear that the system according to the invention - in contrast to the known process control of heating technology - no longer assumes a comparatively large temperature difference in the heating surfaces HK. Rather, it is provided that in the thermo-dynamically hydraulically balanced system in the heating surfaces HK a very small temperature difference, for example in the range of 1 ° C to 5 ° C, preferably 2 ° C to 4 ° C ( Fig. 2 ), is realized. The adjustment procedure is aimed at ensuring that the heating surface temperature in the heating phase ( Fig. 2 ) and the heating surface temperature in the cooling phase ( Fig. 3 ) are optimized in a temporal relationship. This can be achieved that the entire heating system 1 with a temperature difference - from heated heating surface to cooled heating surface - works so that, for example, only works with a difference of 15 ° C according to the respective outdoor temperatures. It then follows that in the heating phase, the total volume of the system 1 must be heated only once per hour. This efficient process control after optimal thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing is achieved in particular when about 80% of the heating surfaces to be heated are set to the target temperature of the respective room.

In 4 and FIG. 5 is a comparison of the detectable in conventional heating systems switching phases ( Fig. 4 ) and according to the inventive thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing ( Fig. 5 ) to be detected switching times visible. From the switching curve 10 (for a flow temperature of 80 ° C) and the curve 11 (return temperature 60 ° C) it becomes clear that at an outside temperature from, for example, -20 ° C within one hour to six switching cycles are required to maintain the room temperature. This is also noticeable at higher ambient temperatures, whereby more than ten switching cycles may be required. In comparison, the illustration shows in Fig. 5 in that, after a thermo-dynamic-hydraulic adjustment of the system, starting from an approximately 30-minute heating phase, only one switching operation per hour is required (temperature profiles 10 'and 11').

In Fig. 6 is a generally designated 1 'heating system shown, which is adapted with the system according to the invention to the existing installation of sixteen radiators HK. An optimal implementation and control of the thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing is provided on the radiators HK by a sound measurement. In Fig. 6 It is shown that an additional sound measurement is carried out by using respective measuring points M16 for controlling the thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing. It is shown that an efficient control of the components in the area of the boiler 4 is achieved by using a here as a load-dependent controllable unit formed heating pump 6 '(with a pressure difference of P = 150 to 500 mbar). In this construction, an additional gate valve 13 (or 13 'in the flow 2) is provided before the pump 6' in the return line 4, so that the system can be completely separated from the boiler 4 in case of need. The system additionally works together with at least one flow sensor 14, an outdoor sensor 15 and a room sensor 17. To control these components in the range of the load-dependent controlled heating pump 6 'and the flow sensor 14 is the total designated 16, computer controlled heating controller provided. This heating controller 16 preferably regulates the actual, hourly and / or object-related heat requirement. Again, there is no heat management (see Fig. 1 ) provided or required.

In this system, an exhaust gas measurement takes place in the region of the boiler 4 (at 18), for example, an exhaust gas temperature of 65 ° C is set. Respective sensors M13 and M14 are provided for thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing for differential temperature measurement. After calibrating the system 1 'then the two sensors M13 and M14 can be removed. The already in Fig. 1 apparent measuring point 7 'in the area of the sound measuring device VM is used in this system 1' in connection with the respective sound measurements at M16 on the radiators HK for flow measurement. It has been found that this device 1 '- despite the complexity and size with a variety of radiators HK - under normal temperature conditions - for example, even in winter - only ten to thirty times a day must perform a switching operation.

In Fig. 7 is another application of the system according to the invention in the field of large-scale system (for example: school or office building) shown, wherein after performing the method according to the invention for thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing respective heat outputs of more than 100 KW to 8000 KW are controllable. Also in this system, only a single heat generator in the form of the boiler 4 can be used. It is conceivable that a cascade-like arrangement of several boilers is used (not shown).

Here, a high-efficiency heating pump 6 'is advantageously installed at the return line 5, wherein this pump 6' is additionally to be provided with a frequency converter 21. In the prior art pressure-controlled heating pumps are used, which are dependent on a - not inventively provided - pressure difference measurement at the flow. The volumetric flow measurement according to the invention (at 20) is directed to that, with changing heating zones Z 'via the controller 16, an adaptation of the delivery volume of the pump 6' operating at the same pressure takes place. In addition, via the controller 16, the heating time in the area of the boiler 4 is adjusted according to the zone change Z '.

For the thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing provided here, the known ultrasonic measuring device 7 "is provided in VM, which can be temporarily attached to the return line 5. In the area of the measuring points 22 and 23 (corresponding to ΔT at 8, Fig. 1 ), a temperature differential measurement is carried out, and for the intended pressure measurement P, the measuring points 24 and 25 are used. The heat generator power measurement already described takes place in the region of the measuring point 18 '. The volume flow counter 20 cooperates via the controller 16 with the frequency converter 21 of the pump 6 ', so that corresponding increases or decreases in the power of the boiler 4 can be optimally realized.

The system according to the invention uses the known load profile measurement 8 for rapid detection of the system efficiency. This measurement can be carried out immediately after the conversion of a plant, so that it extends in conventional systems over a year or a heating season Measurement cycle is significantly shortened and an immediate assessment for the plant user is present. The measurement is particularly successful when the room temperatures are less than 20 ° C, preferably less than 16 ° C.

Claims (10)

Method for setting energy-saving heating systems, wherein in existing heating systems (1) with a branched flow lines (2) having line network (3) the heating water respective radiators (HK) supplied and from these via adjustable barriers (AV) the cooled heating water in a return line ( 5) is returned to a boiler (4), characterized in that all of a heating circuit forming radiator (HK) according to their respective heat capacity associated receiving volume only by means of respective individual barriers (AV) in the return (5) successively to a constant inflow of Heating water to be set, then these at each required heating capacities of the rooms adjustable settings at least over a total volume volumetric flow measurement (VM) in the return (5) of the network (3) are controlled and thus a thermo-dynamic-hydraulic balancing the Heizu ngsanlage (1) is realized, such that a higher heat capacity is achieved from the heating surfaces while the required Betriebsheiztemperatur is lowered. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating network enclosing the conduit network is operated without heat management with an optimally loadable boiler (4), such that the boiler (4) is measured in a controlled manner to the total volume. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that respective thermostatic valves (TV) provided in the region of the radiators (HK) are adjusted to substantially the same flow temperatures at least in the setting phase. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the system with a constant hydraulic pressure (P) during the adjustment phase of the barriers (AV) ensuring and the heating water in the return (5) receiving pump (6, 6 ') operated becomes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the individual adjustment of the barrier (AV) in the region of the respective radiator (HK) is directed to a minimization of the temperature gradient in each of the radiator (HK) and this at each radiator (HK ) is controlled by means of a temperature measuring device. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that at each radiator (HK) by means of a temperature measuring device, the heat distribution state is checked. A method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the temperature and / or heat distribution state after a heating phase of the heating system (1) is adjusted to the heating capacity of the boiler (4). Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the individual settings of the system in addition to the volume flow measurement (VM) in the vicinity of the return pump (6, 6 ') via a thermal load measurement (8) are controlled. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that from a comparison of the measured values from volume flow measurement (VM) and thermal load measurement (8) with the consumption of primary energy (9) of the boiler (4), the efficiency of the heating system (1) calculated becomes. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the system efficiency immediately after the adjustment of all components by means of the load profile measurement (8) determinable and while the room temperature is lowered to less than 20 ° C, preferably less than 16 ° C.

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