EP3113170B1 - Musical string - Google Patents

Description

Musical strings have a string core which is loaded when the musical string is tensioned and which carries or absorbs the so-called tuning weight. Musical strings for bowed instruments for lower pitches usually have windings or winding layers in order to increase the mass of the musical string.

Musical strings are components that are stressed to the limit of the material during operation. Musicians are familiar with the phenomenon that musical strings can occasionally snap. For acoustic reasons, it is better to operate musical strings close to the tensile strength of the core material, as it has been shown that the flexural rigidity of a material decreases the more it is loaded, and a low flexural rigidity for the production of suitable overtones, hence an integer fundamental harmonics, is necessary.

However, such heavily loaded components or materials tire more quickly than components or materials which—as is widespread in general mechanical engineering, for example—are dimensioned for so-called fatigue strength with additional security, or for which such a dimensioning is possible. Material fatigue also changes the sound and the playability or response of the musical string, the type of sound changes being very dependent on the design and manufacture of the musical string. The sound or the playability of the musical string increasingly shifts away from the actual or original sound character of the respective musical string over time.

It has been shown that in particular modern high-tech musical strings with a synthetic fiber core, with which very good results can be achieved in terms of sound and playing technique, can be particularly susceptible to such aging effects. With such musical strings, not only do the most obvious tonal changes occur, they also occur faster than, for example, with classic steel core strings, which have been known for almost 100 years.

These tonal and technical changes in the musical string force the musician to replace the musical strings or to accept a decrease in the quality of his musical performance. The frequently necessary changing of musical strings represents a considerable burden for professional musicians. It has also been shown that hobby musicians are currently consciously accepting losses in sound and response in favor of a longer service life in order to have to change the strings less often.

the EP 2 099 022 A1 the applicant describes plastic strings which can have binding agents or damping fluids, but only the arrangement of a fluid on a musical string is described in each case.

the U.S. 2010/294109 A1 Applicant relates to strings with organic core materials and polymers in between. Polymeric viscoelastic liquids are also mentioned as polymers.

the AT 506 135 B1 by applicant relates to an adjustable musical string. Paragraph [0044] describes so-called microcontainers with a second liquid, which are arranged inside a first liquid.

the U.S. 5,601,762 A describes a synthetic musical string and a method for treating a musical string. According to 2 The string has multifilaments embedded in a plastic and then covered with another plastic.

the U.S. 2011/219933 A1 the applicant describes a musical string with windings, wherein capsules with different fluids can be arranged in the core of the winding. The fluids are each sealed in capsules, and the capsules are in turn completely surrounded by the outer layer, so that the fluids sealed in this way have no contact with other parts of the musical string.

The object of the invention is therefore to specify a musical string of the type mentioned at the outset, with which the disadvantages mentioned can be avoided, which has good tonal and playing properties and a long service life.

According to the invention, this is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. As a result, a musical string can be created which has good to excellent tonal and technical playing properties and which has a longer service life than musical strings with a comparable sound. As a result, a musician with a musical string or a corresponding set of musical strings on his instrument can operate at a high level of sound and playing technique over a longer period of time, with the sound and playability changing less over time, in particular worsening, than is the case with conventional musical strings is the case. Changing properties of the string core can be equalized or compensated for by the two different fluids or fluid mixtures.

As a result, a musical string can be created which has to be renewed or exchanged less often than has been the case up to now, without having to accept any loss of sound. In addition, valuable or rare raw materials such as gold, silver, platinum, titanium, ruthenium and the like are often used in musical strings. The subject musical string can reduce the consumption of raw materials.

The dependent claims relate to further advantageous configurations of the invention. Express reference is hereby made to the wording of the patent claims, whereby the claims at this point by reference to the description are included and are deemed to have been reproduced verbatim.

• Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform einer gegenständlichen Musiksaite im Längsschnitt, sowie im aufgespannten Zustand;
• Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform einer gegenständlichen Musiksaite im Querschnitt;
• Fig. 3 eine dritte Ausführungsform einer gegenständlichen Musiksaite im Querschnitt; und
• Fig. 4 eine vierte Ausführungsform einer gegenständlichen Musiksaite im Querschnitt.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which only preferred embodiments are shown by way of example. It shows:

• 1 a first embodiment of a subject musical string in longitudinal section, and in the stretched state;
• 2 a second embodiment of a subject musical string in cross section;
• 3 a third embodiment of a subject musical string in cross section; and
• 4 a fourth embodiment of a subject musical string in cross section.

the Figures 1 to 4 each show musical strings or parts of musical strings 1, in particular for stringed and/or plucked instruments, the musical string having a first fluid 6 and a fluid 6 arranged on a first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 of the musical string 1 a second fluid 7 arranged on a second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 of the musical string 1 and different from the first fluid 6, wherein in at least a first predeterminable vibration section of the musical string 1 the first fluid 6 and the second fluid 7 for Formation of a first mixing region 15 are arranged.

As a result, a musical string 1 can be created which has good to excellent tonal and technical playing properties and which has a longer service life than musical strings 1 with a comparable sound. As a result, a musician with a musical string 1 or a corresponding set of musical strings 1 on his instrument can act at a high level in terms of sound and playing technique over a longer period of time, with the sound and playability changing less over time, in particular worsening, than this is the case with conventional musical strings 1 . Due to the two different fluids 6, 7, 8, each of which is also designed as a fluid mixture can be, changing properties of the string core 2 or at least one winding layer 4, 9 or the winding layers 4, 9 can be balanced or compensated.

As a result, a musical string 1 can be created which has to be renewed or exchanged less often than has been the case up to now, without having to accept any loss of sound. In addition, valuable or rare raw materials such as gold, silver, platinum, titanium, ruthenium and the like are often used in musical strings 1 . The subject musical string 1 can reduce the consumption of raw materials.

The internal damping in particular has proven to be important for the acoustic properties of a musical string 1 . This damping represents, for example, a main distinguishing feature between musical strings 1 for stringed instruments and those for plucked instruments. The damping can already be significantly influenced by a single fluid 6, 7, 8. However, fluids 6, 7, 8 are subject to aging effects, which generally change the properties of a fluid 6, 7, 8 significantly. Such aging effects can already occur as a result of the storage of the musical string 1, for example as a result of contact of the musical string 1 with certain gases, such as oxygen. The aging effects of such a fluid 6, 7, 8 in a musical string 1 are particularly strong during or as a result of the operation, i.e. playing, of the relevant musical string 1. With each of these aging effects of the fluid 6, 7, 8, the relevant fluid 6 , 7, 8 itself or at least one property of the fluid 6, 7, 8, in particular its viscosity, changes. This also results in a change in the damping properties, and thus also in the acoustic and/or technical playing properties, of the musical string 1 .

The various embodiments shown in the figures are shown in a simplified representation. The proportions do not have to correspond to the intended real proportions. Individual parts can be shown in a greatly enlarged view for better understanding.

A preferred area of application of such musical strings 1 are the instruments of the violin family, hence the violin or fiddle, the viola or viola, the violoncello or cello, and the bass or double bass or bass violin. Other preferred instruments for using musical strings 1 according to the invention are viola da gamba and viola d'amore. Such musical strings 1 according to the invention can be provided for all bowed stringed instruments. It can also be used with any type of plucked string instrument.

Musical strings 1 according to the invention are intended for generating tonal vibrations, with a specific type of musical string 1 being intended for use with a specific type of musical instrument, and also having a tuning tone and a so-called tuning weight as features, with the tuning tone indicating the fundamental tone, with in which a part of the musical string 1 - between its end regions - of the length of the scale length of the particular type of musical instrument vibrates when the musical string 1 is loaded with the tuning weight, therefore taut, and naturally stimulated to vibrate.

Musical strings 1 according to the invention have a string core 2 which is provided and designed to absorb the load or tension to which the musical string 1 is exposed when stretched on a musical instrument. The string core 2 preferably has a predeterminable plurality of core elements 3 and is therefore not formed by a single strand or wire according to the particularly preferred embodiments. Provision is particularly preferably made for the core elements 3 to be in the form of plastic fibers. The core elements 3 designed in this way then form a so-called fiber bundle core. Provision can also be made for the string core 2 to be in the form of a rope, in particular a wire rope. Furthermore, the formation of the string core 2 can be provided by a single wire or plastic strand.

At least one first winding layer 4 is preferably arranged on the string core 2, which first winding layer 4 has at least one first winding element 5, which is wound around the string core 2 in helical windings. It can also be provided that two or more winding elements 5 wound side by side form the first winding layer 4 .

The first winding element 5 is preferably formed from a metal, a metal alloy or a plastic. With several winding elements 5 in the first Winding layer 4 can be provided for arranging winding elements 5 made of different materials within the first winding layer 4 . The first winding element 5 or further winding elements preferably have at least one essentially flat peripheral region or side. The first winding element 5 or further winding elements are designed in particular as a round wire or as a flat strip with an essentially rectangular cross section and a definable edge configuration. Provision can also be made for the first winding element 5 or further winding elements to be in the form of a round wire, which is ground flat after it has been arranged on the musical string 1 and is thus given a substantially flat outer surface.

In addition to the first winding layer 4, the musical string 1 can have further winding layers which are designed in accordance with the first winding layer 4, with the further winding layer 4 each being arranged on a winding layer and not directly on the string core 2.

The subject musical string 1 has at least two different parts, which are referred to as the first musical string part 2,4,5,9,10,11 and the second musical string part 2,4,5,9,10,13. Following the musical string parts 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, the reference numbers of the parts are listed, which in the objective sense count as the first or second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13. may apply. A musical string 1 can not only have exactly one first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and exactly one second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13. Rather, it can preferably be provided that a musical string 1 can have a plurality of first musical string parts 2 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 11 and a plurality of second musical string parts 2 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 13 . Furthermore, with one and the same musical string 1, a certain musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13 of the relevant musical string 1 can be both the first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and with respect to another musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13.

The musical string 1 in question has at least one first mixing area 15 . Provision can preferably be made for the musical string 1 to have a plurality of mixing regions 15 . An embodiment of a musical string 1 can have a first and a second mixing area 15, for example. The first A first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and a second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 are assigned to the mixing area. A first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and a second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 are also assigned to the second mixing area. Each mixing area therefore has a first and a second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13 when viewed on its own. The first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 of the first mixing area 15 can differ from the first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 of the second mixing area. It can also be provided that the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 of the first mixing area 15 differs from the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 of the second mixing area. It can also be provided, for example, that the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 of the first mixing area 15 is at the same time the first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 of the second mixing area.

The first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 is preferably the string core 2 of the musical string 1 and/or a first peripheral section 11 of the string core 2 and/or a first cross-sectional section of the string core 2 and/or the first winding layer 4 of the musical string 1 and/or the at least one first winding element 5 of the first winding layer 4 and/or a second winding layer 9 of the musical string and/or at least one second winding element 10 of the second winding layer 9.

The second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 is preferably the first winding layer 4 of the musical string 1 and/or the first winding element 5 of the first winding layer 4 and/or the second winding layer 9 of the musical string 1 and/or the second winding element 10 of the second winding layer 9.

It is provided that the first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 is different from the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13.

The musical string 1 in question has at least a first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and a second fluid 7 or fluid mixture that is different from this. Preferred embodiments of the first and second fluids 6, 7 are explained below. Only the term is preferred below Fluid used, in each case preferably also including a fluid mixture. Furthermore, it can be provided that the terms first fluid 6, second fluid 7 and possibly third fluid 8 are interchangeable.

As part of the development process of the musical string 1 in question, test strings were also made in which only one fluid was arranged on a musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13--in the sense of the present treatise. This one fluid was arranged, for example, on a first peripheral section 11 of the string core 2 , with no fluid being arranged on the second peripheral section 13 of the string core 2 . In general, the one fluid was only arranged in a partial area, so that the one fluid could be further distributed or spread out on the specific musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13. However, such test strings have so far not proven to be as outstanding as the musical strings in question with at least two fluids 6, 7 and a first mixing region 15.

The first fluid 6 is arranged on or on the first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11. The second fluid 7 is arranged on or on the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13. In this case, it is provided that the first fluid 6 and the second fluid 7 are arranged in at least one first predeterminable vibration section of the musical string 1 in order to form a first mixing region 15 .

The two fluids 6, 7 are therefore preferably arranged adjacent to one another in such a way that the two fluids 6, 7 are already in contact, and therefore directly adjacent to one another, or that the two fluids 6, 7 are arranged in such a way that only when the musical string 1 is stimulated as intended, in a predetermined manner, does the second fluid 7 come into contact with the first fluid 6 and form the first mixing area 15 with a mixing area viscosity, the mixing area viscosity being different from the first viscosity. In the last-mentioned embodiment, the two fluids 6, 7 are therefore arranged at a distance from one another and only come into contact through the movement of the musical string 1 and the flexing work that occurs in the process.

When the two fluids 6, 7 come into contact with one another, a first mixing region 15 is formed, with the fluid mixture in this mixing region 15 being different Has properties as the first or second fluid 6, 7 considered individually. As soon as the first fluid 6 and the second fluid 7 are in contact, a change in the properties of one of the fluids 6, 7 can already occur due to chemical and/or physical equalization processes, and a first mixed region 15 can form, even if the musical string 1 is not moved. The type and speed of such equalizing processes depends above all on the first and second fluid 6 , 7 . The formation of the first mixing area 15 is supported or accelerated by moving the musical string 1 .

Said properties are the respective properties of the fluids 6, 7, 8 involved in a specific state of the musical string 1 at a specific point in time. With oscillating musical strings 1, gaps in the windings of a winding layer 4, 9 open and close. This leads to pumping effects and relative movements of individual areas with respect to one another, as a result of which forces act on the fluids 6, 7, 8. The fluids 6, 7, 8 change their properties as a result of the internal forces acting on them, as already explained. By selecting favorable combinations of the first and second fluid 6, 7, this change in the first fluid 6 or this change in the properties of the first fluid 6 is specifically compensated. In this way, aging effects can be compensated for. As a result, changes in the damping of the musical string over time can be compensated.

In order to determine the respective properties of the individual fluids 6, 7, 8, in particular for the purpose of comparing the fluids 6, 7, 8 with one another, it is provided that the fluids 6, 7, 8 to be compared are each tested using the same test methods. For example, to determine the viscosity, the two fluids 6, 7, 8 are tested with the same viscometer under identical test conditions in order to obtain comparable measurement results. Provision can be made for the fluids 6, 7, 8 to be compared to be subjected to mechanical loads before such a test, such as those due to dynamically changing movements and/or shearing forces, with provision being made for all the fluids 6, 7, 8 to be tested and compared to be were subjected to the same loads.

As already mentioned, it is provided that said mixing area 15 forms or is formed at least within a so-called first vibration section of the musical string 1 . At least a longitudinal section or a section of the musical string in its longitudinal extent is referred to as the vibrating section of the musical string 1 . Provision can be made for the first vibration section to extend over the entire area of a musical string 1, which is located between the colored braidings of silk or artificial silk that are customary at both ends, which braidings are attached to identify the musical string 1. The relevant ends of the musical string 1 are provided for hanging the musical string 1 on a tailpiece or for fastening the musical string 1 to a peg of a musical instrument.

It is preferably provided that the first oscillation section does not take up the entire length of the musical string 1 . Provision can be made here for the first vibration section to extend over the scale range of the musical string 1 . The scale range is the length section of the musical string 1, which is arranged between the bridge and the nut when the musical string 1 is stretched--in the case of instruments of the violin family. Due to the very similar geometries of the instruments, this area can be easily identified on a musical string 1. In the case of other stringed instruments, the areas of a musical string 1 that are capable of vibrating to generate a tone can also be easily identified.

Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the first oscillation section takes up a significantly shorter length section of the musical string 1 than the scale length. In this case, the first oscillation section is preferably arranged within the scale length of the musical string 1 . For example, in the case of a musical string 1 for a violin, which typically has a scale length of 320 mm to 325 mm, a first vibrating section of 100 mm length of the musical string 1 can be provided, which is arranged on the musical string 1 in such a way that when the relevant musical string is arranged 1 comes to rest on a violin next to the bridge on the side of the musical string 1 facing the upper nut of the instrument.

It is also possible for several such vibrating sections to be provided on a musical string 1, hence a first vibrating section and at least one second oscillation section.

As already emerges from the statements on the first and second musical string parts 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, the present invention can be used in a large number of possible configurations of the first and second musical string parts 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13 can be applied. The particularly preferred embodiments are listed below. In order to prevent confusion, the respective naming of which part is the first musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and which part is the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 was omitted. In any case, this is evident from which of the musical string parts 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13 the first fluid 6 and on which the second fluid 7 is arranged. The preferred embodiments listed below have each been shown to be particularly effective in practice or in tests.

According to a first preferred embodiment of an actual musical string 1, it is provided that the first fluid 6 is arranged on the string core 2 and/or between core elements 3 of the string core 2, and that the second fluid 7 is arranged on the first winding layer 4 and/or on turns of the first winding element 5 is arranged. Above all, aging processes in the contact areas between the string core 2 and the first winding layer 4 can be compensated for.

1 shows the first embodiment of a corresponding musical string 1, wherein the string core 2 is designed as a fiber bundle core with a plurality of core elements 3. The first fluid 6 is arranged on the string core 2 . The first winding layer 4 is arranged on this or partially penetrating into it. 1 shows the section of the musical string 1 in the stretched state. The distances between the windings of the first winding element 5 are clearly shown. The second fluid 7 is arranged between these windings.

In general, a different concentration of the second fluid 7 can also be provided at different distances between the turns. This can also be provided in other embodiments of an actual musical string 1 .

Provision can also be made for a third fluid 8 or fluid mixture to be arranged between the string core 2 and the first winding layer 4, the third fluid 8 or fluid mixture being different from the first and/or second fluid 6, 7 or fluid mixture. The third fluid 8 or the third fluid mixture has a third viscosity. The third fluid 8 provides a further improved or expanded possibility of adapting or influencing the damping properties of the musical string 1, in particular of compensating for changes in the damping properties of the musical string 1 over time. 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of a musical string 1 designed in this way, the first fluid 6 being arranged on or inside the string core 2 and the third fluid 8 being arranged between the string core 2 and the first winding layer 4 . As a result, when playing the musical string, a triple mixed area is formed, which 2 is only illustrated by an ellipse shown in dashed lines. The string core 2 of the musical string 1 according to 2 has a plurality of core elements 3, which although in 2 are shown in section, but hatching of the core elements 3 has been dispensed with for reasons of clarity. The core elements 3 are wetted in a predetermined manner with the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture, as can also be seen from FIG 2 emerges. As a result, the extent of the static/sliding friction occurring between the individual core elements 3 can be set in a predetermined manner.

The musical string 1 according to 2 further optionally has a second winding layer 9 which, corresponding to the first winding layer 4, is arranged helically around it. Additional winding layers can also be provided around the second winding layer 9 .

According to a non-claimed example of an actual musical string 1 it is provided that the first fluid 6 is arranged on a first peripheral portion 11 of the string core 2 and that the second fluid 7 is arranged on a second peripheral portion 13 of the string core 2 . A musical string 1 designed in this way is in 3 shown. In particular, the torsional vibration behavior of the musical string 1 can be influenced. According to a fourth preferred embodiment of an actual musical string 1, it is provided that the first fluid 6 is arranged on the first winding layer 4 and/or on the turns of the first winding element 5, and the second fluid 7 is arranged on the second winding layer 9 of the musical string 1 and/or or is arranged on turns of the second winding element 10 . 4 shows a schematic representation of such a musical string 1 in cross section, wherein the first and second fluid 6, 7 is only indicated by a thick black line. It is preferably provided that the two fluids 6, 7 correspond to the second fluid 7 in 1 are arranged, although a different arrangement can also be provided. In this way, in particular, changes in the area between the two wound layers 4, 9 can be compensated.

According to a non-claimed example of a musical string 1 in question, it is provided that the first fluid 6 is arranged at the first cross-sectional portion of the string core 2 and the second fluid 7 is arranged at the second cross-sectional portion of the string core 2 . This embodiment is similar to the third preferred embodiment, except that the first and second fluids 6, 7 are received in the cross-section of the string core 2 and not just in its periphery. This embodiment is not shown in the figures.

According to a non-claimed example of an actual musical string 1 , it is provided that the first fluid 6 is arranged on a first winding layer peripheral section of the first winding layer 4 , and the second fluid 7 is arranged on a second winding layer peripheral section of the first winding layer 4 . The torsional vibration behavior of the musical string 1 in particular can also be favorably influenced with this embodiment variant, which is not shown. This is relevant insofar as torsional vibrations cannot be avoided, especially in the case of strings, which can be particularly noticeable in the sound of a correspondingly stringed musical instrument.

In the following, instead of the expression "fluid 6, 7, 8 or fluid mixture", only the term fluid 6, 7, 8 can be used, with a fluid mixture also being described, unless this is specifically excluded in the text.

The first fluid 6 is different from the second fluid 7. The two fluids 6, 7 therefore have a different chemical composition and/or different properties. The same applies to the third, fourth and fifth fluids 8 that will be introduced later.

It can be provided that the at least two fluids 6, 7, 8 are insoluble in one another. However, it is preferably provided that one of the fluids 6 , 7 , 8 is soluble in another of the fluids 6 , 7 , 8 .

It is preferably provided that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture has a first viscosity and that the second fluid 7 or fluid mixture has a second viscosity and that the first viscosity is different from the second viscosity. In order to compare the two viscosities, it is provided that they be compared under essentially identical comparison conditions, for example using a viscometer.

Provision is particularly preferably made for the second fluid 7 to come into contact with the first fluid 6 when the musical string 1 is excited as intended, and to form said first mixing area 15 with a mixing area viscosity, the mixing area viscosity being different from the first viscosity. Predeterminable intended excitation of the musical string 1 is understood to mean, in particular, playing, tone or sound generation or also making music with the musical string 1 on a musical instrument provided for this musical string 1 . As a result of the contact of the two fluids 6, 7, the mixing region is formed, in which portions of both the first and the second fluid 6, 7 are predominant. Due to the dynamic forces to which the musical string 1 is exposed during operation, this first mixed area 15 will become increasingly larger or deeper as the musical string 1 is operated, and more and more the areas in which only the first fluid 6 is predominant will be displaced. As a result, the viscosity is also changed more and more from the first viscosity towards the mixed-range viscosity.

In particular, it is provided that the second fluid 7 and the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 are designed in such a way that when the musical string 1 is excited as intended, the second fluid 7 fills free spaces of the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 to form the first mixing area 15 penetrates. In the first preferred configuration of the musical string 1, provision would then be made for the second fluid 7 to be configured in such a way and the first winding layer 4 to be arranged in such a way that when the musical string 1 is excited in a predetermined intended manner, the second fluid 7 presses the first winding layer 4 to form the mixing region 15 penetrates. Therefore, both the winding density of the first winding layer 4, i.e. how closely together the individual turns of the first winding layer 4 are arranged, and/or the properties of the second fluid 7 are preferably designed in such a way that the second fluid 7 is at least partially and at least during the dynamic opening and closing of the windings due to the stretching and bending of the musical string 1 when playing, the first winding layer 4 penetrates and thus comes into contact with the first fluid 6. The processes described occur in modified form in the other musical string parts 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13 in a corresponding manner.

It has been shown that the location or the position of the first oscillation section on the musical string 1 can also be of great relevance. As already explained, it can be provided that the first vibrating section has a shorter length than the scale length, and that this vibrating section is, for example, a short length section or a part of the musical string 1 within the total length of the musical string 1, but preferably within that provided for tone generation Length section of the musical string 1, can be arranged.

Local heating of the musical string 1 occurs in the area of a stroke point, which heating can influence the properties of the first and, above all, the second fluid 6, 7. The area of the musical string 1 at which a bow is in contact with the musical string 1 for the purpose of excitation of vibrations is referred to as the stroke point. This local heating can, when the second fluid 7 is arranged on the first winding layer 4, accelerate the passage of the second fluid 7 through the latter. This can be taken into account when matching the two fluids 6, 7, the density of the first winding layer 4 and the position of the first oscillation section.

During the painting process, it is not just the aforementioned that occurs in the area of the painting point local warming, but also to a transfer of rosin from the bow hairs to the music string 1. The bow hairs of a bow for bowing a music string are treated with rosin by the musician before playing or bowing. The rosin acts as an adhesive/lubricant and is necessary for bowed tone production with a musical string. During the bowing, rosin comes off the bow hairs and forms a fine powdery layer on the so-called cover of a stringed instrument. However, part of the outgoing rosin also penetrates into the musical string 1 itself and, with conventional musical strings, leads to a duller sound image. This effect can be compensated for by suitably selecting the first and second fluids 6, 7 and positioning the first vibrating section in the area of the coating point. The colophony penetrating from outside interacts with the first and/or second fluid 6, 7.

Due to the movement of the musical string 1, the first fluid 6 is forced to mix with the second fluid 7 in some areas, as a result of which the properties of the two fluids 6, 7 can be changed. In particular, this allows the viscosity of the first fluid 6 to be changed, and thus the damping of the string core 2 directly. The damping of the string core 2 has a major influence on the sound and playability of a musical string 1.

In this context, it is further provided in particular that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and the second fluid 7 or fluid mixture are designed in such a way that when the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture comes into contact, in particular with regional mixing, with the second fluid 7 or fluid mixture, the first viscosity is changed in a predetermined manner. As a result, the damping properties of the respective musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13 can be adapted to its changes over the course of aging and at least partially compensated for. As a result, in particular the damping in the string core 2 can be reduced over time, as a result of which aging processes within the string core 2 can be compensated for.

As already described, it is provided that within the first vibrating section of the musical string 1 at least a first fluid 6 and a different second fluid 7 at different and adjacent parts of the musical string 1 are arranged. In a further development of the musical string 1 in question, it is further preferably provided that in a second predeterminable vibration section of the musical string 1, different from the first predeterminable vibration section of the musical string 1, a , fourth fluid different from the first fluid 6 is arranged, and that on the second musical string part 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 a fifth fluid different from the second fluid 7 is arranged. As a result, it is possible to react to different properties or requirements of different oscillation sections or length sections of the musical string 1 .

Provision can be made for the respective fluids 6, 7, 8 to be arranged essentially constant or with a constant length distribution within the first or second oscillation section. Provision can preferably be made for the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture to have a predeterminable variable, and therefore not constant, Has length distribution within the first and / or second vibration section of the musical string 1. As a result, individual properties of a type of musical string can be compensated for or reinforced even more precisely and purposefully.

It is preferably provided that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture is designed as an essentially organic fluid or fluid mixture . Any fluid that has a significant proportion of organic substances, or in which the organic substances mainly determine the properties of the respective fluid, is regarded as an organic fluid. In particular, it is provided that the fluid 6, 7, 8 has at least 51 percent by mass of organic components.

The first fluid 6 and/or second fluid 7 and/or third fluid 8 and/or fourth fluid and/or fifth fluid is preferably - at room temperature - a more or less liquid or free-flowing fluid or fluid mixture. Preferably none of the fluids for use in subject musical strings are fluids which are gaseous at typical ambient parameters or room temperature, preferably 294K and 760 torr. Although such gaseous parts can be part of one of the fluids, the fluid formed in this way is in turn amorphous and/or liquid at room temperature.

Some preferred components of the fluids 6, 7, 8 or fluid mixtures are described below.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture contains a gel or is a gel. Gels have advantages in terms of adhesion to the first and second pieces of musical strings, respectively. This results in further possibilities, for example, of influencing the penetration behavior of the second fluid 7 through the first winding layer 4 in a predetermined manner, as well as the mixing properties between the first and second fluid 6, 7.

Provision can preferably be made to build up a type of barrier layer by means of a fluid 6 , 7 designed as a gel, which slows down the mixing of a first fluid 6 with a second fluid 7 . In this case, for example, the second fluid 7 itself can be in the form of a gel. However, it can also be provided to arrange a third fluid 8 designed as a gel between a first fluid 6 and a second fluid 7 in order to slow down said mixing.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture contains at least one oil.

In particular, it is provided that the oil contains at least one fatty animal oil and/or at least one fatty vegetable oil and/or at least one essential oil and/or at least one mineral oil or mineral oil extract and/or at least one synthetic oil and/or at least one silicone oil and /or at least one Has silicone paste.

Fatty vegetable and animal oils are in particular at least one oil from the group: linseed oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, safflower oil; Oil, cod liver oil, fish oils, soybean oil, rapeseed oils, castor oil, tall oil, tung oil.

In particular, at least one oil from the group: lemon oil, rose oil, apiol, cinnamaldehyde, anethole, carveol, carvacrol, thymol, camphor, fenchone, linalool, geraniol, neral, citronellal is provided as the essential oil.

Oils are preferably provided as mineral oil and/or synthetic oil which were produced according to the Fischer-Tropsch process or originate from petroleum processing. In particular, these oils consist of paraffinic (saturated chain hydrocarbons), naphthenic (saturated cyclic hydrocarbons) and aromatic (cyclic hydrocarbons with aromatic double bond system) components. Mineral oils also preferably contain alkenes (olefins) and can also contain sulfur-containing and/or nitrogen-containing organic compounds. In particular, at least one oil from the group: heavy oil, light oil, white oil, medical white oil, paraffin oil is provided as mineral oil and/or synthetic oil.

Furthermore, at least one silicone oil (diorganopolysiloxane) and/or at least one silicone paste (two-phase systems based on thermally stable silicone oils and non-melting, highly disperse silicic acid) can preferably be provided as the oil.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture contains at least one wax or wax mixture .

Waxes are among the lipids. The main components of these mixtures of substances are esters of fatty acids (also called wax acids) with long-chain, aliphatic, primary alcohols, the so-called fatty alcohols. These esters differ in structure from fats and fatty oils, which are triglycerides with fatty acids. In addition, these waxes contain free, long-chain, aliphatic carboxylic acids, resin carboxylic acids, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons and their derivatives. There is no precise distinction between wax acids and fatty acids, since typical fatty acids such as palmitic and stearic acid are also involved in the formation of some natural waxes.

It is particularly provided that the wax or wax mixture has at least one animal wax and/or at least one vegetable wax and/or at least one mineral wax and/or at least one synthetic wax. Furthermore, microcrystalline waxes can also preferably be provided.

At least one wax from the group: wool wax (lanolin), beeswax is provided as the animal wax.

At least one wax from the group: carnaubau wax, sugar cane wax, Japan wax, jojoba wax, candelilla wax is provided as the vegetable wax.

In particular, waxes according to the Fischer-Tropsch process or from petroleum processing are provided as synthetic wax, with kerosene or paraffins, such as hard paraffins and/or soft paraffins, such as vaseline, being provided in particular.

At least one wax from the group: ozokerite, ceresin, montan wax, peat wax, sapropel wax is provided as earth wax

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture contains at least one fat.

Fats are esters of the trivalent alcohol glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with three, mostly different, mostly even-numbered and unbranched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, the fatty acids (triglycerides).

It is provided in particular that the fat has at least one lard, in particular lard, and/or at least one oil and/or at least one tallow, in particular deer tallow.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture contains at least one solvent.

It is provided in particular that the solvent has at least one protic and/or amphiprotic solvent.

In particular, the following are provided as protic solvents: ketones, e.g. B. acetone; lactones such as γ-butyrolactone; lactams such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; nitriles such as acetonitrile; nitro compounds such as nitromethane; tertiary carboxylic acid amides such as dimethylformamide; urea derivatives such as tetramethyl urea or dimethyl propylene urea (DMPU); sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); sulfones such as sulfolane; carbonic acid esters such as dimethyl carbonate or ethylene carbonate; alkanes (paraffins); alkenes (olefins), alkynes; benzene and other aromatics with aliphatic and aromatic substituents; carboxylic acid esters; ethers, e.g. B. diethyl ether; completely symmetrical molecules such as tetramethylsilane or carbon tetrachloride; Carbon disulfide, halogenated, aromatic or dearomatized hydrocarbons.

Amphiprotic solvents are in particular: water, methanol, ethanol and other alcohols (primary and secondary amines, carboxylic acids (formic acid, acetic acid) primary and secondary amides such as formamide; mineral acids (sulfuric acid, hydrogen halides or hydrohalic acids).

Depending on the desired properties, both miscible and immiscible components can be combined in a fluid 6, 7, 8 or fluid mixture.

According to a further embodiment variant, it can also be provided that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture has at least one solid additive , In particular particles of predetermined size and / or composition, contains. These can be soluble or insoluble solids. Substances are preferably regarded as soluble solids which are only dissolved in a surrounding fluid by the action of forces or by movement in relation thereto.

It is provided in particular that the solid aggregate, in particular the particles, contains metal powder and/or wood flour and/or carbon fibers and/or cellulose derivatives, plastic particles and/or elastomer particles and/or rock flour and/or silicate particles and/or oxide particles and/or hydroxide particles .

Such additives can easily influence both the mass covering of the musical string and the internal damping. By shifting the ground layer during playing, there is another way of compensating for age-related changes in the musical string. In addition, such additives can increase the stability of the respective fluid or the mixing area. In addition, these strongly influence the viscosity of the respective fluid.

Furthermore, such additives have different properties than fluids 6, 7, 8 without additives. For example, by selecting a combination of fluid 6, 7, 8 and solid additive, it can be achieved that the particles of the additive tend to move and, for example, pass through the spaces between turns, while the liquid or free-flowing parts of the fluid in question 6, 7, 8 remain to a greater extent at their application site. The opposite behavior can also be achieved by suitably selecting a different combination.

According to a further embodiment variant, it can also be provided that the first fluid 6 or fluid mixture and/or second fluid 7 or fluid mixture and/or third fluid 8 or fluid mixture and/or fourth fluid or fluid mixture and/or fifth fluid or fluid mixture contains at least one resin . This can be a soft resin or a hard resin or a mixture of a soft resin and a hard resin.

It is preferably provided that the resin is a saturated polyester resin and/or a unsaturated polyester resin and/or a polyurethane resin and/or an epoxy resin and/or a silicone resin and/or a vinyl ester resin and/or a phenolic resin and/or an acrylic resin and/or a cellulose ester and/or a carboxylic acid ester and/or alkyd resin and/or a rosin ester and/or a tackifier and/or a rosin resin and/or a urethane resin and/or a maleic resin and/or a polymerized rosin.

In particular, to directly influence the stability and above all the viscosity, it is further preferred that the first fluid 6 and/or second fluid 7 and/or third fluid 8 and/or fourth fluid and/or fifth fluid contain at least one polyhydric alcohol and/or contains a thixotropic agent and/or a wetting agent and/or a thickener.

To further improve the service life of the musical string, provision can also be made for the first fluid 6 and/or second fluid 7 and/or third fluid 8 and/or fourth fluid and/or fifth fluid to contain at least one anti-corrosion agent and/or an antioxidant and/or contains a non-ferrous metal inhibitor.

Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the first fluid 6 and/or second fluid 7 and/or third fluid 8 and/or fourth fluid and/or fifth fluid contains at least one metal soap. Metal soaps have a variety of properties which have proven to be advantageous in applications in the field of a fluid in a musical string.

Another effective variant has proven to be that the first fluid 6 and/or second fluid 7 and/or third fluid 8 and/or fourth fluid and/or fifth fluid contains at least one softener, in particular camphor.

According to a further embodiment variant it can also be provided that the first fluid 6 and/or second fluid 7 and/or third fluid 8 and/or fourth fluid and/or fifth fluid contain at least one emulsifier and/or stabilizer and/or dispersant and/or contains pigment and/or antistatic agents and/or preservatives and/or binding aids and/or flux and/or drying agent.

Nine examples of actual musical strings are described below with regard to the fluids arranged on them and, if necessary, the further configurations of the respective musical string. These are development approaches, prototypes and/or test series models pursued at the time of registration, which have proven to be advantageous.

First example: The musical string 1 has a string core 2 designed as a fiber bundle core comprising plastic fibers. The first fluid 6 is arranged between the core elements 3 and is designed as a first fluid mixture containing 19% to 26% mineral oil extracts and 22% to 28% of at least one wax, with the remainder of the relevant first fluid mixture being formed by at least one resin . The musical string 1 in question has a first winding layer 4, with the second fluid 7 being arranged on turns of the first winding element 5, which is designed as a second fluid mixture containing 10% to 50% castor oil, 10% natural resin, 0% to 2.3 % deer tallow and 25% rosin, with the balance of said second fluid mixture being formed by at least one wax.

Second example: The musical string 1 has a string core 2 designed as a steel wire. The string core 2 is enveloped by the first fluid 6 on the outside. The first fluid 6 is designed as a first fluid mixture, which has 10% to 15% turpentine oil and 0.5% wetting agent, with the remainder of the relevant first fluid mixture being formed by at least one wax. The musical string 1 in question has a first winding layer 4, with the second fluid 7 being arranged on turns of the first winding element 5, which is designed as a second fluid mixture containing 31% to 43% mineral oil, the remainder of the second fluid mixture in question being made up of at least a resin is formed.

Third Example: The musical string 1 also has a string core 2 designed as a fiber bundle core comprising plastic fibers. The first fluid 6, which is designed as a first fluid mixture containing 35% to 55% white oil and 1% wetting agent, with the remainder of the relevant first fluid mixture being formed by at least one wax, is arranged on a first peripheral section 11 of the string core 2 , while the second fluid 7, which is designed as a second fluid mixture which has 50% to 65% stearin oil and 1.3% thickener, the remainder of the relevant second fluid mixture being formed by at least one wax, is arranged on the second peripheral section 13 of the string core 2. The first predefinable vibration section of the musical string 1 extends over the entire scale length of the musical string 1.

Fourth example: The musical string 1 essentially corresponds to the musical string 1 according to the third example, but the first vibrating section is limited to the area which is usually arranged between the bridge and the handle bed of a musical instrument.

Fifth example: The musical string 1 essentially corresponds to the musical string 1 according to the third or fourth example, but the first and the second fluid 6, 7 are not only arranged on the peripheral sections 11, 13 of the string core 2, but rather the entire cross section of the String core 2 has a first and a second cross-sectional section, in particular is divided into two accordingly, and the first fluid 6, which is designed as a first fluid mixture, which has 34% to 59% synthetic oil and 25% to 40% of at least one resin, with the remainder of the relevant first fluid mixture is formed by at least one wax, is arranged on or in the first cross-sectional section of the string core 2, and the second fluid 7, which is designed as a second fluid mixture, which contains 10% to 26% synthetic oil and 32% to 48% % of at least one resin, the remainder of the second fluid mixture in question being formed by at least one wax t, is arranged on or in the second cross-sectional section of the string core 2 .

The musical strings 1 according to the third, fourth or fifth example each preferably have at least one first winding layer 4 .

Sixth example: The musical string 1 also has a string core 2 designed as a fiber bundle core comprising plastic fibers. Furthermore, the musical string 1 has a first winding layer 4 and a second winding layer 9 encasing the first winding layer 4 and directly adjoining it. The first fluid 6, which is designed as a first fluid mixture, which 35% to 45% silicone oil contains, the remainder of the second fluid mixture concerned being formed by silicone paste, is arranged on the windings of the first winding element 5 . The second fluid 7, which is in the form of a second fluid mixture containing 55% to 69% silicone oil, with the remainder of the relevant second fluid mixture being formed by silicone gel, is arranged on turns of the second winding element 10.

Seventh example: The musical string 1 has a string core 2 in the form of a wire rope. The first fluid 6, which is designed as a first fluid mixture containing 60% to 80% fats and 1.2% anti-corrosion agent, with the remainder of the relevant first fluid mixture being formed by at least one resin, is on the first winding layer peripheral section of the first Winding layer 4 arranged. The second fluid 7, which is in the form of a second fluid mixture containing 40% vegetable oil and 15% soap, with the remainder of the relevant second fluid mixture being formed by at least one wax, is arranged on the second wound layer peripheral section of the first wound layer 4. Ideally, the two circumferential sections of the wound layer essentially have the shape of two interlocking halves of a tube that is divided in two in the longitudinal direction.

Eighth example: The musical string 1 has a string core 2 in the form of a wire rope. The first fluid is arranged within the core of the string, i.e. in the interstices of the wire rope is. Arranged around the string core 2 is a first winding layer and a second winding layer wound concentrically to this. In the first winding layer, i.e. in the spaces between the turns of the first winding element, the second fluid is arranged, which is designed as a second fluid mixture containing 40% vegetable oil and 15% soap, with the remainder of the second fluid mixture in question being replaced by at least one wax is formed.

It can happen, particularly in the course of playing the relevant musical string, that a fluid, in the case of the eighth example in particular the second fluid, penetrates into areas in which no fluid is or was previously arranged. in the present case in the spaces between the first and second winding layer or in the spaces between the turns of the second winding element. This effect can also occur with musical strings other than the eighth example described.

Ninth example: The musical string 1 has a string core 2 in the form of a wire rope. The first fluid is arranged on the circumference of the string core, which is designed as a first fluid mixture containing 60% to 80% fats and 1.2% anti-corrosion agent, with the remainder of the relevant first fluid mixture being formed by at least one resin. Arranged around the string core 2 is a first winding layer and a second winding layer wound concentrically to this. The second fluid, which is in the form of a gel, is arranged in the first winding layer, ie in the spaces between the windings of the first winding element. In the second winding layer, therefore in the spaces between the turns of the second winding element, a third fluid is arranged, which is designed as a third fluid mixture, which has 40% vegetable oil and 15% soap and 25% to 55% at least one wax, wherein the remainder of the relevant third fluid mixture is formed by at least one resin.

Claims (7)

1. Music string (1), in particular for stringed and/or plucked instruments, wherein the music string has a first fluid (6) and a second fluid (7) different from the first fluid (6), wherein the first fluid (6) and the second fluid (7) are arranged in at least a first predeterminable vibration section of the music string (1) to form a first mixing region (15), wherein the first fluid (6) is arranged on a first music string part (2, 9, 10, 11) of the music string (1), characterized in that the first music string part (2, 9, 10, 11) is a music string part (2, 9, 10, 11, 13) selected from the group: string core (2) of the music string (1), first circumferential section (11) of the string core (2), first cross-sectional section of the string core (2), second winding layer (9) of the music string, second winding element (10) of the second winding layer (9), in that the second fluid (7) is arranged on a second music string part (4, 5) of the music string (1), in that the second music string part (4, 5) is a first winding layer (4) of the music string (1) or a first winding element (5) of the first winding layer (4), and in that the second fluid (7) is formed in such a way and the first winding layer (4) is arranged in such a way that, when the musical string (1) is excited in a predetermined manner as intended, the second fluid (7) penetrates the first winding layer (4) to form the first mixing region (15), wherein the winding density of the first winding layer (4) and the properties of the second fluid (7) are designed in such a manner that the second fluid (7) penetrates the first winding layer (4) at least in some regions, and at least during the dynamic opening and closing of the windings due to the stretching and bending of the music string (1) during playing, and thus comes into contact with the first fluid (6).
2. Music string (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fluid (6) is arranged between core elements (3) of the string core (2).
3. Music string (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first fluid (6) has a first viscosity, and in that the second fluid (7) has a second viscosity different from the first viscosity.
4. Music string (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that, during the predeterminable intended excitation of the music string (1), the second fluid (7) comes into contact with the first fluid (6) and forms the first mixing region (15) with a mixing region viscosity, wherein the mixing region viscosity is different from the first viscosity.
5. Music string (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the music string (1) comprises a third fluid (8) different from the first fluid (6) and the second fluid (7), and in that the third fluid (8) is arranged between the first fluid (6) and the second fluid (7) to form a triple mixing region (16).
6. Music string (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a fourth fluid different from the first fluid (6) is arranged on the first music string part (2, 9, 10, 11) in a second predeterminable vibration section of the music string (1) which is different from the first predeterminable vibration section of the music string (1) to form a second mixing region, and in that a fifth fluid different from the second fluid (7) is arranged on the second music string part (4, 5).
7. Music string (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first fluid (6) and/or second fluid (7) and/or third fluid (8) and/or fourth fluid and/or fifth fluid has/have a predeterminable variable length distribution within the first and/or second vibrating section of the music string.

Images