EP3109941A1 - Microwave antenna with dual reflector - Google Patents

Microwave antenna with dual reflector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3109941A1
EP3109941A1 EP15305967.0A EP15305967A EP3109941A1 EP 3109941 A1 EP3109941 A1 EP 3109941A1 EP 15305967 A EP15305967 A EP 15305967A EP 3109941 A1 EP3109941 A1 EP 3109941A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diameter
subreflector
reflector
power source
antenna
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Granted
Application number
EP15305967.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3109941B1 (en
Inventor
Denis Tuau
Armel Lebayon
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Application filed by Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd filed Critical Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Priority to EP15305967.0A priority Critical patent/EP3109941B1/en
Priority to PCT/IB2016/053676 priority patent/WO2016207787A1/en
Priority to US15/739,023 priority patent/US10476166B2/en
Publication of EP3109941A1 publication Critical patent/EP3109941A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3109941B1 publication Critical patent/EP3109941B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/193—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface with feed supported subreflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dual reflector antenna, particularly of the microwave type, usually used for mobile telecommunications networks.
  • the double reflector comprises a concave main reflector, most often a parabola or a parabola portion, and a convex sub-reflector, of much smaller diameter, placed in the vicinity of the focus of the dish on the same axis of revolution as the main reflector. .
  • a power source is located along the axis of symmetry of the antenna, facing the sub-reflector.
  • an antenna requires a high level of radio performance.
  • the main difficulty is to obtain an antenna pattern having a very low level of secondary lobes, in particular for an antenna with a D / ⁇ ratio (D: main reflector diameter and ⁇ : central frequency wavelength of the antenna working frequency band) less than 30. In this frequency range, the mask effect of the subreflector increases the side lobes.
  • a usual solution to suppress the overflow effect is to attach, at the periphery of the main reflector, a skirt ("shroud" in English) which has the shape of a cylinder, of diameter close to that of the main reflector and of sufficient height, internally coated with a layer absorbing RF radiation.
  • this solution is expensive and the antenna obtained is cumbersome. It is therefore necessary to find a solution to obtain a high value of the forward / backward ratio with an acceptable length of the absorbent skirt.
  • the height of the absorbent skirt should preferably be less than half the diameter D of the main reflector.
  • a double reflector antenna is proposed, the radiation pattern of which is improved so as to fulfill the criteria of the ETSI class 4 template, without presenting the drawbacks of the previous solutions.
  • the object of the present invention is a dual reflector antenna comprising a main reflector through which a supply source and a subreflector pass, the subreflector comprising a dielectric body extending between a first end of small diameter and a second end of larger diameter, the small diameter end being connected to the end of the power source.
  • the end of the power source connected to the subreflector comprises a housing having an interior depth and diameter, and the small diameter end of the subreflector comprises a substantially cylindrical shape, adapted to fit into the housing. , having an outer length and diameter. The outer length and diameter of the small diameter end of the subreflector are respectively less than the internal depth and diameter of the power source, so as to provide space.
  • this space is filled with air.
  • the air is trapped between the small diameter end of the subreflector and the power source at the moment of contacting during the assembly of these two parts.
  • the dimensions of the cylindrical shape of the small-diameter end of the sub-reflector are of the order of ⁇ / 8 ⁇ ⁇ / 10, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the band of working frequency of the antenna.
  • the housing at the end of the power source has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the dimensions of the housing are of the order of quarter wave ⁇ / 4.
  • the present invention has the advantage of achieving high radio performance enabling it to meet the criteria of the template of the class 4 of the ETSI standard, without presenting a crippling bulk.
  • the invention applies to microwave type antennas, in particular to microwave antennas having a main reflector diameter of 1 foot and 2 feet.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an antenna having a symmetry of revolution about an axis X-X '.
  • the antenna comprises a main reflector 1 having a concavity, having for example the shape of a paraboloid of revolution about the axis XX 'so as to have a directivity marked in the direction of the axis X-X'.
  • a power source 2 of the antenna is located along the axis XX 'in the center of the portion of the main reflector 1 having the concavity.
  • the power source 2 has, like the whole of the antenna, a symmetry of revolution about the axis X-X '.
  • the power source 2 may be a waveguide such as a hollow metal tube, for example aluminum, or a coaxial cable connected to a supply horn.
  • the power source 2 comprises along the axis XX 'a waveguide portion 3 , a first end of which passes through the center of the main reflector 1 .
  • a second end 4 of the waveguide 3 is located opposite a subreflector 5 .
  • the subreflector 5 intersecting the X-X 'axis, has a shape of revolution about the axis X-X'.
  • the subreflector 5 has a convexity that faces the concavity of the main reflector 1 .
  • the outer diameter of the subreflector 5 is greater than the diameter of the end 4 of the waveguide 3 facing it.
  • the radiation is received by the main reflector 1 , but part of this radiation is masked by the sub-reflector 2 which contributes to increasing the side lobes.
  • the zone hidden by the subreflector 2 is bounded by the lines 6 and 6 ' on the figure 1 .
  • the main reflector 1 reflects the radiation it receives towards the sub-reflector 5. Part of the reflected radiation is then masked by the power source 2.
  • the zone masked by the power source 2 is limited by the lines 7 and 7 ' on the figure 1 .
  • the power source 2 of the antenna emits incident radiation towards the sub-reflector 5 which is reflected towards the main reflector 1 .
  • Part of the incident radiation is returned in a divergent direction, causing overflow losses.
  • Curve 20 of the figure 2 schematically illustrates the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane of the main reflector of a directional antenna.
  • the intensity I of the radiation is given in ordinate according to the angle of emission / reception ⁇ in degrees given in abscissa.
  • the central zone corresponds to the main lobe 20 and the lateral zones correspond to the secondary lobes 21 .
  • the difference in intensity between the main lobe 20 and the secondary lobes 21 defines the forward / backward ratio 23 of the antenna which is high here.
  • the subreflector 30 In a reception mode, the subreflector 30 reflects the electromagnetic waves from the main reflector towards the waveguide 31 . In an emission mode, the subreflector 30 reflects the electromagnetic waves from the waveguide 31 to the main reflector.
  • the subreflector 30 comprises a dielectric body 32 extending between a first end 33 and a second end 34 . Due to the difference in size between the diameter of the sub-reflector 30 and the diameter of the waveguide 31 , the outer surface of the dielectric body 32 has a frustoconical shape having two ends, one of small diameter and the other large diameter. The end 34 of small diameter is connected to the waveguide 31 .
  • the small diameter is substantially equal to the diameter of the waveguide 31
  • the large diameter is substantially equal to the outside diameter of the subreflector 30 .
  • a metal deposit made on the outer surface of the dielectric body 32 constitutes the reflective surface of the subreflector 30 .
  • the second end 34 of the subreflector 30 is adapted for coupling to the end of the waveguide 31 .
  • the confinement of the electromagnetic waves between the waveguide 31 and the second end 34 of the subreflector 30 ensures better electromagnetic coupling between the subreflector 30 and the main reflector.
  • the dielectric body 32 has an inner portion 35 penetrating the waveguide 31 and an outer portion 36 outside the waveguide 31 .
  • the end 34 of the inner portion 35 of the subreflector 30 has a substantially cylindrical shape whose length LE and the outer diameter are smaller than the depth LI and the inner diameter DI of a housing 37 provided at the end of waveguide 31 in which the end 34 of the inner portion 35 is inserted.
  • the dimensions of this cylinder are approximately ⁇ / 8 X ⁇ / 10, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna.
  • a space 38 is formed between the end 34 of the inner portion 35 of the subreflector 30 and the walls of the housing 37 .
  • This space 38 traps air during assembly of the waveguide 31 with the end 34 of the inner portion 35 .
  • the shape of this space 38 is close to a cylinder with dimensions around the quarter wave ⁇ / 4.
  • the space 38 contains air but could contain another gas or other material of suitable dielectric constant. The presence of this volume of air increases the performance in terms of bandwidth due to a lower dielectric constant with respect to the dielectric material constituting the dielectric body 32 of the subreflector 30 .
  • the material used for the dielectric body 32 is a polystyrene type material having a dielectric constant value around 2.55.
  • the distance d separating the end 34 of the subreflector 30 from the end of the waveguide 31 may be slightly reduced while maintaining the same level of loss in return.
  • the radiation pattern is improved with a lower intensity of side lobes.
  • Another advantage of this volume of air 38 is to facilitate the process of bonding the subreflector 30 to the dielectric walls of the housing 37 by avoiding bubbles in the glue.
  • the gain or directivity D in dB is given in ordinate according to the angle of reflection ⁇ in degrees given in abscissa.
  • the angle of reflection ⁇ is the angle between the axis of the parabola of the main reflector and the line joining a point on this parabola to the focal point of the dish.
  • the radiation pattern of a deep reflector antenna shows a good level of radio performance in terms of overflow loss. Overflow losses 60 beyond +/- 115 °, that is, outside the main reflector, are low.
  • the intensity is voluntarily reduced by ten dB to minimize the mask effect of the power source. Low radiated field strength in the center of the dish reduces reflections at the power source.
  • the figure 7 illustrates the representation of the map of the field E around the junction between the sub-reflector 70 and the waveguide 71. This is the representation of the maximum amplitude of the electric field E at a given instant.
  • a zone of higher field 72 is around the end of the subreflector 70 and a weaker field zone 73 is along the waveguide 71 on the side opposite the subreflector 70 , which shows a weak field radiated towards the center of the parabola of the main reflector.
  • the figure 8 illustrates the measurement of the gain of the normalized antenna with respect to the maximum gain.
  • the radiation pattern of the main reflector is represented in the horizontal plane of an antenna one foot in diameter as a function of the emission / reception angle ⁇ , respectively at a frequency of 21.2 GHz, 23.6 GHz and 22.4 GHz (curves 80, 81 and 82 ).
  • the gain G in dB is given in ordinate, and in abscissa the angle of emission / reception ⁇ in degrees.
  • the curves 80 , 81 and 82 show radiated values with low side lobes, below the ETSI class 3 template (curve 83 ) and the ETSI class 4 template (curve 84 ).
  • the return loss performance is greatly improved with a lower return loss at -30dB.
  • the parameter S in dB is given on the ordinate, and on the abscissa the frequency F in GHz.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Une antenne à double réflecteur comporte un réflecteur principal traversé par une source d'alimentation et un sous-réflecteur. Le sous-réflecteur comprend un corps diélectrique s'étendant entre une première extrémité de petit diamètre et une seconde extrémité de plus grand diamètre, l'extrémité de petit diamètre étant raccordée à l'extrémité de la source d'alimentation. L'extrémité de la source d'alimentation raccordée au sous-réflecteur comprend un logement ayant une profondeur et un diamètre intérieurs. L'extrémité de petit diamètre du sous-réflecteur comprend une forme sensiblement cylindrique, apte à s'insérer dans le logement, ayant une longueur et un diamètre extérieurs. La longueur et le diamètre extérieurs de l'extrémité de petit diamètre du sou !!s-réflecteur sont respectivement inférieurs à la profondeur et au diamètre intérieurs de la source d'alimentation, de manière à ménager un espace.A dual reflector antenna has a main reflector crossed by a power source and a subreflector. The subreflector comprises a dielectric body extending between a first end of small diameter and a second end of larger diameter, the small diameter end being connected to the end of the power source. The end of the power source connected to the subreflector comprises a housing having an interior depth and diameter. The small diameter end of the subreflector comprises a substantially cylindrical shape, adapted to be inserted into the housing, having an outer length and diameter. The outer diameter and length of the small diameter end of the reflector are respectively smaller than the inner depth and diameter of the power source, so as to provide space.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à une antenne à double réflecteur, notamment de type micro-onde, habituellement utilisée pour les réseaux de télécommunications mobiles.The present invention relates to a dual reflector antenna, particularly of the microwave type, usually used for mobile telecommunications networks.

ARRIERE PLANBACKGROUND

De plus en plus, le spectre sera une ressource rare pour les liaisons de déploiement point à point, et de nombreuses fréquences sont saturées aujourd'hui dans les zones urbaines denses. Le gabarit de la classe 4 de la norme ETSI très strict permet de déployer plus de liaisons dans un spectre donné et d'augmenter la capacité de transport de données avec moins d'interférences.Increasingly, spectrum will be a scarce resource for point-to-point deployment links, and many frequencies are saturated today in dense urban areas. The very strict ETSI Class 4 template allows you to deploy more links in a given spectrum and increase data transport capacity with less interference.

Afin de réaliser des systèmes d'antenne compacts, on utilise des antennes à double réflecteur, notamment les antennes dites de type « Cassegrain ». Le double réflecteur comporte un réflecteur principal concave, le plus souvent une parabole ou une portion de parabole, et un sous-réflecteur convexe, de diamètre très inférieur, placé au voisinage du foyer de la parabole sur le même axe de révolution que le réflecteur principal. Une source d'alimentation est située le long de l'axe de symétrie de l'antenne, face au sous-réflecteur. Ces antennes sont dites « à réflecteur profond » (« deep dish » en anglais) avec une faible valeur du rapport F/D inférieur ou égal à 0,25, où F est la distance focale du réflecteur principal (distance entre le sommet du réflecteur et son foyer) et D est le diamètre du réflecteur principal.In order to produce compact antenna systems, dual reflector antennas are used, in particular so-called "Cassegrain" antennas. The double reflector comprises a concave main reflector, most often a parabola or a parabola portion, and a convex sub-reflector, of much smaller diameter, placed in the vicinity of the focus of the dish on the same axis of revolution as the main reflector. . A power source is located along the axis of symmetry of the antenna, facing the sub-reflector. These antennas are said to be "deep dish" with a low F / D value less than or equal to 0.25, where F is the focal length of the main reflector (distance between the top of the reflector and its focus) and D is the diameter of the main reflector.

Pour remplir les critères du gabarit de la classe 4 de la norme ETSI, une antenne nécessite un haut niveau de performances radioélectriques. La principale difficulté est d'obtenir un diagramme d'antenne ayant un niveau très faible des lobes secondaires, en particulier pour une antenne avec un rapport D/λ (D : diamètre du réflecteur principal et λ : longueur d'onde de la fréquence centrale de la bande de fréquence de travail de l'antenne) inférieur à 30. Dans ce domaine de fréquences, l'effet de masque du sous-réflecteur augmente les lobes secondaires.To meet the requirements of the ETSI Class 4 Jig, an antenna requires a high level of radio performance. The main difficulty is to obtain an antenna pattern having a very low level of secondary lobes, in particular for an antenna with a D / λ ratio (D: main reflector diameter and λ: central frequency wavelength of the antenna working frequency band) less than 30. In this frequency range, the mask effect of the subreflector increases the side lobes.

Ces antennes présentent des pertes par débordement (« spillover » en anglais) qui sont élevées et diminuent le rapport avant/arrière (« front-to-back ratio » en anglais) de l'antenne. Ces pertes par débordement conduisent à une pollution de l'environnement par les ondes RF. Les pertes par débordement doivent donc être limitées à des niveaux très faible, tels qu'exigés par le gabarit de la classe 4 de la norme ETSI.These antennas have spillover losses which are high and reduce the front-to-back ratio of the antenna. These overflow losses lead to pollution of the environment by the RF waves. Overflow losses should therefore be limited to very low levels as required by the ETSI Class 4 gauge.

RESUMEABSTRACT

Afin de réduire les premiers lobes latéraux du diagramme de rayonnement (effet de masque), une solution est de réduire au minimum l'obstruction du sous-réflecteur en utilisant un sous-réflecteur de petite taille. Mais cette solution est très difficile à réaliser car un sous-réflecteur de faible diamètre diminue les performances de débordement et le niveau de perte en retour (« return loss » en anglais) si la distance d qui le sépare du cornet de la source d'alimentation (« feed horn » en anglais) est trop courte.In order to reduce the first side lobes of the radiation pattern (mask effect), one solution is to minimize the obstruction of the subreflector by using a small subreflector. But this solution is very difficult to achieve because a sub-reflector of small diameter decreases the overflow performance and the level of loss in return ("return loss" in English) if the distance d separates it from the horn of the source of feed ("feed horn") is too short.

Une solution habituelle pour supprimer l'effet de débordement est d'attacher, à la périphérie du réflecteur principal, une jupe (« shroud » en anglais) qui a la forme d'un cylindre, de diamètre voisin de celui du réflecteur principal et de hauteur suffisante, revêtu intérieurement d'une couche absorbant le rayonnement RF. Mais cette solution est chère et l'antenne obtenue est encombrante. Il est donc nécessaire de trouver une solution pour obtenir une valeur élevée du rapport avant/arrière avec une longueur acceptable de la jupe absorbante. Par exemple, la hauteur de la jupe absorbante doit être de préférence inférieure à la moitié du diamètre D du réflecteur principal.A usual solution to suppress the overflow effect is to attach, at the periphery of the main reflector, a skirt ("shroud" in English) which has the shape of a cylinder, of diameter close to that of the main reflector and of sufficient height, internally coated with a layer absorbing RF radiation. But this solution is expensive and the antenna obtained is cumbersome. It is therefore necessary to find a solution to obtain a high value of the forward / backward ratio with an acceptable length of the absorbent skirt. For example, the height of the absorbent skirt should preferably be less than half the diameter D of the main reflector.

Dans ce but, on propose une antenne à double réflecteur dont le diagramme de rayonnement est amélioré de manière à remplir les critères du gabarit de la classe 4 de la norme ETSI, sans présenter les inconvénients des solutions antérieures.For this purpose, a double reflector antenna is proposed, the radiation pattern of which is improved so as to fulfill the criteria of the ETSI class 4 template, without presenting the drawbacks of the previous solutions.

A cette fin, l'objet de la présente invention est une antenne à double réflecteur comportant un réflecteur principal traversé par une source d'alimentation et un sous-réflecteur, le sous-réflecteur comprenant un corps diélectrique s'étendant entre une première extrémité de petit diamètre et une seconde extrémité de plus grand diamètre, l'extrémité de petit diamètre étant raccordée à l'extrémité de la source d'alimentation. L'extrémité de la source d'alimentation raccordée au sous-réflecteur comprend un logement ayant une profondeur et un diamètre intérieurs, et l'extrémité de petit diamètre du sous-réflecteur comprend une forme sensiblement cylindrique, apte à s'insérer dans le logement, ayant une longueur et un diamètre extérieurs. La longueur et le diamètre extérieurs de l'extrémité de petit diamètre du sous-réflecteur sont respectivement inférieurs à la profondeur et au diamètre intérieurs de la source d'alimentation, de manière à ménager un espace.To this end, the object of the present invention is a dual reflector antenna comprising a main reflector through which a supply source and a subreflector pass, the subreflector comprising a dielectric body extending between a first end of small diameter and a second end of larger diameter, the small diameter end being connected to the end of the power source. The end of the power source connected to the subreflector comprises a housing having an interior depth and diameter, and the small diameter end of the subreflector comprises a substantially cylindrical shape, adapted to fit into the housing. , having an outer length and diameter. The outer length and diameter of the small diameter end of the subreflector are respectively less than the internal depth and diameter of the power source, so as to provide space.

De préférence cet espace est rempli d'air. L'air se trouve emprisonné entre l'extrémité de petit diamètre du sous-réflecteur et la source d'alimentation au moment de la mise en contact lors de l'assemblage de ces deux pièces.Preferably this space is filled with air. The air is trapped between the small diameter end of the subreflector and the power source at the moment of contacting during the assembly of these two parts.

Selon un aspect, les dimensions de la forme cylindrique de l'extrémité de petit diamètre du sous-réflecteur sont de l'ordre de λ/8 X λ/10, où λ est longueur d'onde de la fréquence centrale de la bande de fréquence de travail de l'antenne.According to one aspect, the dimensions of the cylindrical shape of the small-diameter end of the sub-reflector are of the order of λ / 8 × λ / 10, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the band of working frequency of the antenna.

Selon un autre aspect, le logement à l'extrémité de la source d'alimentation a une forme sensiblement cylindrique. Dans ce cas, les dimensions du logement sont de l'ordre du quart d'onde λ/4.In another aspect, the housing at the end of the power source has a substantially cylindrical shape. In this case, the dimensions of the housing are of the order of quarter wave λ / 4.

La présente invention a comme avantage de réaliser des performances radioélectriques élevées lui permettant de remplir les critères du gabarit de la classe 4 de la norme ETSI, sans présenter un encombrement rédhibitoire.The present invention has the advantage of achieving high radio performance enabling it to meet the criteria of the template of the class 4 of the ETSI standard, without presenting a crippling bulk.

L'invention s'applique aux antennes de type micro-onde, notamment aux antennes micro-ondes ayant un diamètre du réflecteur principal de 1 pied et 2 pieds.The invention applies to microwave type antennas, in particular to microwave antennas having a main reflector diameter of 1 foot and 2 feet.

BREVE DESCRIPTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode de réalisation, donné bien entendu à titre illustratif et non limitatif, et dans le dessin annexé sur lequel

  • la figure 1 illustre schématiquement le trajet d'un rayonnement émis dans une antenne à double réflecteur,
  • la figure 2 est un schéma simplifié du diagramme du rayonnement d'une antenne directive dans le plan horizontal en fonction de l'angle d'émission/réception,
  • la figure 3 illustre une vue en coupe du sous-réflecteur couplé au guide d'onde,
  • la figure 4 illustre une vue en coupe éclatée du sous-réflecteur couplé au guide d'onde,
  • la figure 5 illustre une vue en coupe détaillée de la zone de couplage du sous-réflecteur et du guide d'onde,
  • la figure 6 illustre le diagramme de rayonnement du sous-réflecteur de l'antenne montrant de faibles pertes par débordement,
  • la figure 7 illustre le comportement du champ électrique E autour de la zone de couplage du sous-réflecteur et du guide d'onde,
  • la figure 8 illustre le diagramme de rayonnement du réflecteur principal de l'antenne montrant des intensités faibles des lobes latéraux et un rapport avant/arrière élevé,
  • la figure 9 illustre la perte en retour de la source d'alimentation.
Other characteristics and advantages will appear on reading the following description of an embodiment, given of course by way of illustration and not limitation, and in the accompanying drawing in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically illustrates the path of a radiation emitted in a double reflector antenna,
  • the figure 2 is a simplified diagram of the radiation pattern of a directional antenna in the horizontal plane as a function of the angle of emission / reception,
  • the figure 3 illustrates a sectional view of the subreflector coupled to the waveguide,
  • the figure 4 illustrates an exploded sectional view of the subreflector coupled to the waveguide,
  • the figure 5 illustrates a detailed sectional view of the coupling zone of the sub-reflector and the waveguide,
  • the figure 6 illustrates the radiation pattern of the sub-reflector of the antenna showing low overflow losses,
  • the figure 7 illustrates the behavior of the electric field E around the coupling zone of the subreflector and the waveguide,
  • the figure 8 illustrates the antenna's main reflector radiation pattern showing low side-lobe intensities and a high forward-to-back ratio,
  • the figure 9 illustrates the loss in return of the power source.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté schématiquement une antenne présentant une symétrie de révolution autour d'un axe X-X'. L'antenne comprend un réflecteur principal 1 présentant une concavité, ayant par exemple la forme d'un paraboloïde de révolution autour de l'axe X-X' de façon à présenter une directivité marquée dans la direction de l'axe X-X'. Une source d'alimentation 2 de l'antenne est situé le long de l'axe X-X' au centre de la partie du réflecteur principal 1 présentant la concavité. La source d'alimentation 2 présente, comme l'ensemble de l'antenne, une symétrie de révolution autour de l'axe X-X'. La source d'alimentation 2 peut être un guide d'onde comme un tube creux métallique, par exemple en aluminium, ou un câble coaxial relié à un cornet d'alimentation. La source d'alimentation 2 comporte le long de l'axe X-X' une partie de guide d'onde 3 dont une première extrémité traverse le centre du réflecteur principal 1. Une seconde extrémité 4 du guide d'onde 3 est située face à un sous-réflecteur 5. Le sous-réflecteur 5, sécant à l'axe X-X', a une forme de révolution autour de l'axe X-X'. Le sous-réflecteur 5 présente une convexité qui fait face à la concavité du réflecteur principal 1. Le diamètre extérieur du sous-réflecteur 5 est supérieur au diamètre de l'extrémité 4 du guide d'onde 3 qui lui fait face.On the figure 1 schematically shows an antenna having a symmetry of revolution about an axis X-X '. The antenna comprises a main reflector 1 having a concavity, having for example the shape of a paraboloid of revolution about the axis XX 'so as to have a directivity marked in the direction of the axis X-X'. A power source 2 of the antenna is located along the axis XX 'in the center of the portion of the main reflector 1 having the concavity. The power source 2 has, like the whole of the antenna, a symmetry of revolution about the axis X-X '. The power source 2 may be a waveguide such as a hollow metal tube, for example aluminum, or a coaxial cable connected to a supply horn. The power source 2 comprises along the axis XX 'a waveguide portion 3 , a first end of which passes through the center of the main reflector 1 . A second end 4 of the waveguide 3 is located opposite a subreflector 5 . The subreflector 5 , intersecting the X-X 'axis, has a shape of revolution about the axis X-X'. The subreflector 5 has a convexity that faces the concavity of the main reflector 1 . The outer diameter of the subreflector 5 is greater than the diameter of the end 4 of the waveguide 3 facing it.

En réception, le rayonnement est reçu par le réflecteur principal 1, mais une partie de ce rayonnement est masqué par le sous-réflecteur 2 ce qui contribue à augmenter les lobes latéraux. La zone masquée par le sous-réflecteur 2 est limitée par les droites 6 et 6' sur la figure 1 . Le réflecteur principal 1 réfléchi le rayonnement qu'il reçoit en direction du sous-réflecteur 5. Une partie du rayonnement réfléchi est alors masquée par la source d'alimentation 2. La zone masquée par la source d'alimentation 2 est limitée par les droites 7 et 7' sur la figure 1.In reception, the radiation is received by the main reflector 1 , but part of this radiation is masked by the sub-reflector 2 which contributes to increasing the side lobes. The zone hidden by the subreflector 2 is bounded by the lines 6 and 6 ' on the figure 1 . The main reflector 1 reflects the radiation it receives towards the sub-reflector 5. Part of the reflected radiation is then masked by the power source 2. The zone masked by the power source 2 is limited by the lines 7 and 7 ' on the figure 1 .

En émission, la source d'alimentation 2 de l'antenne émet un rayonnement incident en direction du sous-réflecteur 5 qui est réfléchi vers le réflecteur principal 1. Une partie du rayonnement incident est renvoyé dans une direction divergente, provoquant des pertes par débordement.In transmission, the power source 2 of the antenna emits incident radiation towards the sub-reflector 5 which is reflected towards the main reflector 1 . Part of the incident radiation is returned in a divergent direction, causing overflow losses.

La courbe 20 de la figure 2 illustre schématiquement le diagramme de rayonnement dans le plan horizontal du réflecteur principal d'une antenne directive. L'intensité I du rayonnement est donnée en ordonnée en fonction de l'angle d'émission/réception θ en degrés donné en abscisse. La zone centrale correspond au lobe principal 20 et les zones latérales correspondent aux lobes secondaires 21. La différence d'intensité entre le lobe principal 20 et les lobes secondaire 21 défini le rapport avant/arrière 23 de l'antenne qui est ici élevé.Curve 20 of the figure 2 schematically illustrates the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane of the main reflector of a directional antenna. The intensity I of the radiation is given in ordinate according to the angle of emission / reception θ in degrees given in abscissa. The central zone corresponds to the main lobe 20 and the lateral zones correspond to the secondary lobes 21 . The difference in intensity between the main lobe 20 and the secondary lobes 21 defines the forward / backward ratio 23 of the antenna which is high here.

On considérera maintenant les figures 3, 4 et 5 qui illustrent un mode de réalisation d'une antenne à double réflecteur.We will now consider Figures 3, 4 and 5 which illustrate an embodiment of a dual reflector antenna.

Dans un mode réception, le sous-réflecteur 30 réfléchit les ondes électromagnétiques provenant du réflecteur principal vers le guide d'onde 31. Dans un mode émission, le sous-réflecteur 30 réfléchit les ondes électromagnétiques provenant du guide d'onde 31 vers le réflecteur principal. Le sous-réflecteur 30 comprend un corps diélectrique 32 s'étendant entre une première extrémité 33 et une seconde extrémité 34. Du fait de la différence de dimension entre le diamètre du sous-réflecteur 30 et le diamètre du guide d'onde 31, la surface extérieure du corps diélectrique 32 a une forme tronconique ayant deux extrémités, l'une de petit diamètre et l'autre de grand diamètre. L'extrémité 34 de petit diamètre est raccordée au guide d'onde 31. Le petit diamètre est sensiblement égal au diamètre du guide d'onde 31, et le grand diamètre est sensiblement égal au diamètre extérieur du sous réflecteur 30. Un dépôt métallique réalisé sur la surface extérieure du corps diélectrique 32 constitue la surface réfléchissante du sous réflecteur 30.In a reception mode, the subreflector 30 reflects the electromagnetic waves from the main reflector towards the waveguide 31 . In an emission mode, the subreflector 30 reflects the electromagnetic waves from the waveguide 31 to the main reflector. The subreflector 30 comprises a dielectric body 32 extending between a first end 33 and a second end 34 . Due to the difference in size between the diameter of the sub-reflector 30 and the diameter of the waveguide 31 , the outer surface of the dielectric body 32 has a frustoconical shape having two ends, one of small diameter and the other large diameter. The end 34 of small diameter is connected to the waveguide 31 . The small diameter is substantially equal to the diameter of the waveguide 31 , and the large diameter is substantially equal to the outside diameter of the subreflector 30 . A metal deposit made on the outer surface of the dielectric body 32 constitutes the reflective surface of the subreflector 30 .

Afin de confiner les ondes électromagnétiques entre le guide d'onde 31 et le sous-réflecteur 30, la seconde extrémité 34 du sous-réflecteur 30 est adaptée pour le couplage à l'extrémité du guide d'onde 31. Le confinement des ondes électromagnétiques entre le guide d'onde 31 et la seconde extrémité 34 du sous-réflecteur 30 assure un meilleur couplage électromagnétique entre le sous-réflecteur 30 et le réflecteur principal. Le corps diélectrique 32 comporte une portion interne 35 pénétrant dans le guide d'onde 31 et une portion externe 36 extérieure au guide d'onde 31.In order to confine the electromagnetic waves between the waveguide 31 and the subreflector 30 , the second end 34 of the subreflector 30 is adapted for coupling to the end of the waveguide 31 . The confinement of the electromagnetic waves between the waveguide 31 and the second end 34 of the subreflector 30 ensures better electromagnetic coupling between the subreflector 30 and the main reflector. The dielectric body 32 has an inner portion 35 penetrating the waveguide 31 and an outer portion 36 outside the waveguide 31 .

L'extrémité 34 de la portion interne 35 du sous-réflecteur 30 a une forme sensiblement cylindrique dont la longueur LE et le diamètre DE extérieurs sont inférieurs à la profondeur LI et au diamètre DI intérieurs d'un logement 37 ménagé à l'extrémité du guide d'onde 31 dans lequel l'extrémité 34 de la portion interne 35 vient s'insérer. Les dimensions de ce cylindre sont d'environ λ/8 X λ/10, où λ est longueur d'onde de la fréquence centrale de la bande de fréquence de travail de l'antenne.The end 34 of the inner portion 35 of the subreflector 30 has a substantially cylindrical shape whose length LE and the outer diameter are smaller than the depth LI and the inner diameter DI of a housing 37 provided at the end of waveguide 31 in which the end 34 of the inner portion 35 is inserted. The dimensions of this cylinder are approximately λ / 8 X λ / 10, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna.

Ainsi un espace 38 est formé entre l'extrémité 34 de la portion interne 35 du sous-réflecteur 30 et les parois du logement 37. Cet espace 38 emprisonne de l'air lors de l'assemblage du guide d'onde 31 avec l'extrémité 34 de la portion interne 35. La forme de cet espace 38 est proche d'un cylindre avec des dimensions autour du quart d'onde λ/4. De préférence et par commodité, l'espace 38 contient de l'air mais il pourrait contenir un autre gaz ou une autre matière de constante diélectrique adaptée. La présence de ce volume d'air augmente les performances en termes de largeur de bande en raison d'une constante diélectrique inférieure par rapport au matériau diélectrique constituant le corps diélectrique 32 du sous-réflecteur 30.Thus a space 38 is formed between the end 34 of the inner portion 35 of the subreflector 30 and the walls of the housing 37 . This space 38 traps air during assembly of the waveguide 31 with the end 34 of the inner portion 35 . The shape of this space 38 is close to a cylinder with dimensions around the quarter wave λ / 4. Preferably and for convenience, the space 38 contains air but could contain another gas or other material of suitable dielectric constant. The presence of this volume of air increases the performance in terms of bandwidth due to a lower dielectric constant with respect to the dielectric material constituting the dielectric body 32 of the subreflector 30 .

Généralement le matériau utilisé pour le corps diélectrique 32 est un matériau de type polystyrène ayant une valeur de constante diélectrique autour de 2,55. La distance d séparant l'extrémité 34 du sous-réflecteur 30 de l'extrémité du guide d'onde 31 peut être légèrement réduite tout en conservant le même niveau de perte en retour. Ainsi le diagramme de rayonnement est amélioré avec une intensité moindre des lobes latéraux. Un autre avantage de ce volume d'air 38 est de faciliter le processus de collage du sous-réflecteur 30 sur les parois diélectrique du logement 37 en évitant des bulles dans la colle.Generally the material used for the dielectric body 32 is a polystyrene type material having a dielectric constant value around 2.55. The distance d separating the end 34 of the subreflector 30 from the end of the waveguide 31 may be slightly reduced while maintaining the same level of loss in return. Thus the radiation pattern is improved with a lower intensity of side lobes. Another advantage of this volume of air 38 is to facilitate the process of bonding the subreflector 30 to the dielectric walls of the housing 37 by avoiding bubbles in the glue.

Sur le diagramme de rayonnement du sous-réflecteur dans le plan horizontal, illustré sur la figure 6, le gain ou directivité D en dB est donnée en ordonnée en fonction de l'angle de réflexion α en degrés donné en abscisse. L'angle de réflexion α est l'angle entre l'axe de la parabole du réflecteur principal et la droite joignant un point sur cette parabole au point focale de la parabole. Le diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne à réflecteur profond (rapport F/D de l'ordre de 0,17) montre un bon niveau de performances radioélectriques en termes de perte par débordement. Les pertes par débordement 60 au-delà de +/-115°, c'est-à-dire en dehors du réflecteur principal, sont peu élevées. Dans la partie centrale 61 du diagramme de rayonnement, l'intensité est volontairement réduite d'une dizaine de dB pour réduire au maximum l'effet de masque de la source d'alimentation. Une faible intensité de champ rayonnée au centre de la parabole réduit les réflexions au niveau de la source d'alimentation..On the radiation pattern of the sub-reflector in the horizontal plane, shown on the figure 6 , the gain or directivity D in dB is given in ordinate according to the angle of reflection α in degrees given in abscissa. The angle of reflection α is the angle between the axis of the parabola of the main reflector and the line joining a point on this parabola to the focal point of the dish. The radiation pattern of a deep reflector antenna (F / D ratio of 0.17) shows a good level of radio performance in terms of overflow loss. Overflow losses 60 beyond +/- 115 °, that is, outside the main reflector, are low. In the central part 61 of the radiation pattern, the intensity is voluntarily reduced by ten dB to minimize the mask effect of the power source. Low radiated field strength in the center of the dish reduces reflections at the power source.

La figure 7 illustre la représentation de la carte du champ E autour de la jonction entre le sous-réflecteur 70 et le guide d'onde 71. Il s'agit de la représentation de l'amplitude maximale du champ électrique E à un instant donné. Une zone de plus fort champ 72 se trouve autour de l'extrémité du sous-réflecteur 70 et une zone de champ plus faible 73 se trouve le long du guide d'onde 71 du côté opposé au sous-réflecteur 70, ce qui montre un faible champ rayonné vers le centre de la parabole du réflecteur principal.The figure 7 illustrates the representation of the map of the field E around the junction between the sub-reflector 70 and the waveguide 71. This is the representation of the maximum amplitude of the electric field E at a given instant. A zone of higher field 72 is around the end of the subreflector 70 and a weaker field zone 73 is along the waveguide 71 on the side opposite the subreflector 70 , which shows a weak field radiated towards the center of the parabola of the main reflector.

La figure 8 illustre la mesure du gain de l'antenne normalisée par rapport au maximum du gain. On a représenté le diagramme de rayonnement du réflecteur principal dans le plan horizontal d'une antenne d'un pied de diamètre en fonction de l'angle d'émission/réception θ, respectivement à une fréquence de 21,2 GHz, 23,6 GHz et 22,4 GHz (courbes 80, 81 et 82). Le gain G en dB est donné en ordonnée, et en abscisse l'angle d'émission/réception θ en degrés. Les courbes 80, 81 et 82 montrent des valeurs rayonnées avec de faibles lobes secondaires, en-dessous du gabarit classe 3 ETSI (courbe 83) et du gabarit classe 4 ETSI (courbe 84).The figure 8 illustrates the measurement of the gain of the normalized antenna with respect to the maximum gain. The radiation pattern of the main reflector is represented in the horizontal plane of an antenna one foot in diameter as a function of the emission / reception angle θ, respectively at a frequency of 21.2 GHz, 23.6 GHz and 22.4 GHz (curves 80, 81 and 82 ). The gain G in dB is given in ordinate, and in abscissa the angle of emission / reception θ in degrees. The curves 80 , 81 and 82 show radiated values with low side lobes, below the ETSI class 3 template (curve 83 ) and the ETSI class 4 template (curve 84 ).

Comme illustré sur la figure 9, les performances de perte en retour sont très améliorées avec une perte en retour moindre à -30dB. Le paramètre S en dB est donné en ordonnée, et en abscisse la fréquence F en GHz.As illustrated on the figure 9 , the return loss performance is greatly improved with a lower return loss at -30dB. The parameter S in dB is given on the ordinate, and on the abscissa the frequency F in GHz.

Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits, mais elle est susceptible de nombreuses variantes accessibles à l'homme de l'art sans que l'on s'écarte de l'esprit de l'invention. En particulier, on pourra modifier la forme et les dimensions du logement, ainsi que la nature et la quantité de la matière remplissant l'espace.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but it is capable of many variants accessible to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. In particular, it will be possible to modify the shape and the dimensions of the housing, as well as the nature and the quantity of the material filling the space.

Claims (5)

Antenne à double réflecteur comportant un réflecteur principal traversé par une source d'alimentation et un sous-réflecteur, le sous-réflecteur comprenant un corps diélectrique s'étendant entre une première extrémité de petit diamètre et une seconde extrémité de plus grand diamètre, l'extrémité de petit diamètre étant raccordée à l'extrémité de la source d'alimentation, caractérisé en ce que - l'extrémité de la source d'alimentation raccordée au sous-réflecteur comprend un logement ayant une profondeur et un diamètre intérieurs, - l'extrémité de petit diamètre du sous-réflecteur comprend une forme sensiblement cylindrique, apte à s'insérer dans le logement, ayant une longueur et un diamètre extérieurs, - la longueur et le diamètre extérieurs de l'extrémité de petit diamètre du sous-réflecteur sont respectivement inférieurs à la profondeur et au diamètre intérieurs de la source d'alimentation, de manière à ménager un espace. A dual reflector antenna having a main reflector traversed by a power source and a subreflector, the subreflector comprising a dielectric body extending between a first end of small diameter and a second end of larger diameter, the small diameter end being connected to the end of the power source, characterized in that the end of the power source connected to the subreflector comprises a housing having an interior depth and diameter, the small diameter end of the subreflector comprises a substantially cylindrical shape, capable of being inserted into the housing, having an outside length and a diameter, the outer length and the diameter of the small diameter end of the sub-reflector are respectively smaller than the internal depth and diameter of the power supply, so as to provide a space. Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'espace est rempli d'air.Antenna according to claim 1, wherein the space is filled with air. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans laquelle les dimensions de la forme cylindrique de l'extrémité de petit diamètre du sous-réflecteur sont del'ordre de λ/8 X λ/10.Antenna according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the dimensions of the cylindrical shape of the small diameter end of the sub-reflector are in the order of λ / 8 X λ / 10. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le logement a une forme sensiblement cylindrique.Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing has a substantially cylindrical shape. Antenne selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle les dimensions du logement sont de l'ordre du quart d'onde λ/4.Antenna according to claim 4, wherein the dimensions of the housing are of the order of quarter wave λ / 4.
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