EP3109867B1 - High-voltage insulator - Google Patents

High-voltage insulator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3109867B1
EP3109867B1 EP16171528.9A EP16171528A EP3109867B1 EP 3109867 B1 EP3109867 B1 EP 3109867B1 EP 16171528 A EP16171528 A EP 16171528A EP 3109867 B1 EP3109867 B1 EP 3109867B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
voltage insulator
damping
insulator
tube
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EP16171528.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3109867A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Juntermanns
Achim Langens
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Publication of EP3109867A1 publication Critical patent/EP3109867A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/189—Radial force absorbing layers providing a cushioning effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/26—Lead-in insulators; Lead-through insulators
    • H01B17/28—Capacitor type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/26—Lead-in insulators; Lead-through insulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/32—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/12—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances ceramics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0225—Three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02—Casings
    • H01F27/04—Leading of conductors or axles through casings, e.g. for tap-changing arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-voltage insulator with a surrounding a high-voltage conductor insulator.
  • High voltage insulators of this type are known from the prior art. They generally have the task of isolating a high-voltage potential high-voltage line, which usually comprises the current-carrying high-voltage conductor, from a wall essentially at ground potential, through which the high-voltage line is to be carried out.
  • a high voltage line which leads out of a transformer housing, wherein the transformer housing with an insulating liquid, such as oil, is filled.
  • high-voltage insulators can also be used, for example, as high-voltage bushings in systems of high-voltage direct-current transmission technology (HVDC).
  • High-voltage insulators must have excellent insulation, because they usually have to isolate voltages of several hundred kilovolts.
  • the insulating body usually surrounds an axial portion of the high voltage conductor and thus prevents electrical flashovers between the high voltage conductor and the wall.
  • electrical equipment and in particular high voltage insulators used therein, may be subject to mechanical force.
  • the mechanical force may be external environmental influences as well as, for example, collisions in vehicle-sharing accidents or firearms. Such force effects can damage the high-voltage insulator or the insulating body be so that its electrical insulation is impaired. As a result, it can sometimes come to a failure of the entire electrical system in which the high-voltage insulator is used.
  • transformer systems comprising oil-insulated transformers.
  • the insulating ability of the high-voltage insulator which forms a transformer bushing in this context, can be affected in such a way that can cause by electrical flashovers an ignition of the insulating oil to a fire of the entire transformer system.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a high-voltage insulator which is as insensitive to mechanical force.
  • the object is achieved in a high-voltage insulator according to the art in that the high-voltage insulator has an insulating body at least partially embracing damping chamber which is filled with an electrically insulating damping means for damping external mechanical force on the insulator.
  • the high voltage insulator according to the invention provides additional protection against mechanical force. If, for example, a punctual mechanical force is exerted on the high-voltage insulator, then this force can be damped by means of the damping means and distributed over a larger effective area. In this way, a possible deformation of the insulating can be avoided or at least reduced. A reduction in the insulating capability of the high voltage insulator due to its deformation can be minimized accordingly.
  • the projectile may be in the Cushioning chamber are collected before it reaches the insulator.
  • the energy of the projectile in this case at least partially absorbs the damping means.
  • damage to the high-voltage insulator may occur, penetration of the projectile into the insulator can be prevented.
  • the risk of ignition of the insulating oil directly through the projectile or indirectly by an electrical flashover can be reduced.
  • the high-voltage insulator comprises a first, inner tube and a second tube, spaced from the first tube, which are each arranged concentrically to the high-voltage conductor and at least partially delimit the damping chamber.
  • the damping chamber in this case has a substantially cylindrical shape, wherein the limited by the two concentric tubes cylinder surrounds the insulating body.
  • An external punctiform force on the high-voltage insulator may deform the outer of the two tubes and absorb part of the energy of the force. The remaining force can be absorbed at least partially, preferably completely, by the damping means.
  • the initially punctual force is advantageously distributed within the damping chamber, so that it does not affect the inner of the two pipes punctiform, but flat. The risk of severe deformation or even penetration of the inner tube can be minimized in this way.
  • the shielded from the damping chamber insulator remains largely undamaged and retains its insulating largely.
  • the first and second tubes may each extend axially along the entire high-voltage insulator, thereby providing the high-voltage insulator with full protection. Radially outside the high-voltage insulator further insulation elements may be appropriate, such as silicone or ceramic shields. These may for example be attached to the outer of the two tubes.
  • the high-voltage insulator may further comprise fastening elements which are set up for fastening the high-voltage insulator to components of a high-voltage installation, for example a transformer or switchgear housing.
  • the first and / or the second tube made of a plastic fiber composite material, a metal matrix composite material, a ceramic fiber composite material or a hard metal.
  • plastic fiber composite material a metal matrix composite material
  • ceramic fiber composite material a hard metal.
  • materials and their preparation are known per se to those skilled in the art. They are particularly resistant to mechanical force effects.
  • the damping means has an electrical conductivity of less than 0.001 S / m (Siemens per meter), particularly preferably 0.0001 S / m.
  • some plastics, such as soft PVC, but also beds or foams are suitable.
  • the damping means is a damping fluid.
  • the damping agent has particularly favorable damping properties.
  • the damping fluid is relatively tough. Such toughness can be achieved, for example, with silicone oils.
  • the damping fluid at room temperature has a viscosity of more than 10 3 Pa * s, more preferably more than 10 4 Pa * s, on.
  • damping fluid is a flame retardant fluid.
  • a liquid is said to be flame retardant if its focal point is above 300 degrees Celsius.
  • Suitable flame retardant damping fluids are, for example, high molecular weight hydrocarbons, natural or synthetic esters or even the silicone oils already mentioned. The use of flame-retardant damping fluids minimizes the risk of fire in the electrical system in which the high-voltage insulator is used.
  • the damping agent may also be present as a solid.
  • the damping means is a dry foam.
  • the dry foam has the advantage that even in case of damage to the damping chamber can not escape to the outside and the high-voltage insulator is not affected even after a successful external force in general in its function.
  • the dry foam is a polyurethane foam (PUR foam).
  • the dry foam may be foamed with an insulating gas such as SF6. This increases the insulating ability of the damping means and thus the entire high-voltage insulator.
  • the insulating body comprises a winding body of concentrically arranged around the high voltage conductor electrically conductive deposits, which are separated by insulating layers, wherein the damping chamber is arranged radially on the outside of the winding body.
  • the electrical inserts are used for electric field control and are also referred to as tax deposits.
  • the field control improves the insulating properties of the high-voltage insulator by evenly distributing the voltage drops between the high-voltage conductor and the wall.
  • the winding body has a resin impregnation.
  • the insulating body is impregnated with a resin, for example an epoxy resin.
  • the insulating layers of the insulating body may, for example, paper, such as crepe paper, or nonwoven contain, wherein the insulating layers are wound in the manufacturing process of the high voltage bushing on a winding carrier, such as the high voltage conductor.
  • the insulating body with the wound insulating and control inserts is then soaked in a resin or resin mixture, so that after curing of the resin composition, a compact block is formed which contains no trapped cavities. In this way, particularly good insulating properties of the high voltage insulator can be achieved.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a transformer bushing for the electrically insulating lead out of a high voltage conductor from a transformer housing, which is as insensitive to a mechanical force as possible.
  • the transformer bushing comprises a high-voltage insulator according to the invention.
  • the advantages of the transformer bushing according to the invention result from the advantages previously obtained in connection with the high-voltage insulator according to the invention in a corresponding manner.
  • FIG. 1 a side cross-section through a high-voltage insulator 1.
  • the high-voltage insulator 1 has an insulating body 2 which is arranged around a high-voltage conductor 3 around and surrounds it on an axial longitudinal section.
  • the high voltage insulator 1 on a cylinder symmetry.
  • the axis of symmetry of the cylindrically symmetrical high-voltage insulator 1 is represented by a broken line 9.
  • the insulating body 2 comprises concentrically arranged around the high-voltage conductor 3 control inserts 21 made of aluminum foil, which are separated from each other by insulating layers 22 of resin-impregnated paper.
  • the high-voltage insulator 1 comprises a first tube 4 and a second tube 5 arranged at a distance from the first tube 4.
  • the first tube 4 and the second tube 5 are each arranged concentrically around the high-voltage conductor 3. Axially between the first tube 4 and the second tube 5, a cavity is formed, which forms the damping chamber 6.
  • the damping chamber 6 is filled with a damping agent.
  • the damping means is a rigid foam made of polyurethane foam.
  • the high-voltage insulator 1 further comprises fastening means 8, which are set up for fastening the high-voltage insulator 1 to a wall. Since the fastening means 8 are connected to a ground-connected wall, the fastening means 8 are at a ground potential.
  • the high voltage conductor 3 is opposite to high voltage potential, in the example shown at 420 kV.
  • the projectile penetrates the second tube 5 and thus penetrates into the damping chamber 6.
  • the energy of the projectile is absorbed in the damping chamber 6 by the damping means.
  • a remaining force of the projectile is distributed in the damping chamber or the damping means such that a pressure generated thereby is distributed over an enlarged area of the first tube 4.
  • a strong deformation or even an opening of the first tube 4 can be prevented in this way.
  • the insulating ability of the insulating body 2 thus remains even in the case of an external punctiform force.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a transformer bushing 10.
  • the transformer bushing 10 is configured to lead out a high-voltage high-voltage conductor 11 from a transformer housing 12 of a power transformer 13.
  • transformer feedthrough 10 provides an electrical transition from the transformer 13 to an unillustrated outdoor high voltage terminal ready.
  • the transformer bushing 10 extends from its high-voltage side or transformer side - in Fig. 2 bottom - end by a support flange, not shown, for attachment to the transformer housing 12 for outdoor high-voltage connection.
  • the transformer housing 12 is filled with an insulating oil 14.
  • the transformer bushing 10 has an insulating body 15 concentrically around the high voltage conductor 11 is arranged. Outside of the insulating body 15, a cylindrical damping chamber 16 is mounted.
  • the damping chamber 16 extends in a longitudinal direction of the transformer bushing 10 from the wall of the transformer 13 to an in FIG. 2 By means of the damping chamber 16 and the damping means disposed therein, damage to the insulating body of the transformer bushing 10 can be prevented such that the risk of ignition of the insulating oil 14 is minimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hochspannungsisolator mit einem einen Hochspannungsleiter umgebenden Isolierkörper.The invention relates to a high-voltage insulator with a surrounding a high-voltage conductor insulator.

Hochspannungsisolatoren dieser Art sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Sie haben im Allgemeinen die Aufgabe, eine sich auf Hochspannungspotential befindende Hochspannungsleitung, die üblicherweise den stromführenden Hochspannungsleiter umfasst, von einer sich im Wesentlichen auf Erdpotential befindenden Wandung zu isolieren, durch die die Hochspannungsleitung durchgeführt werden soll. Dabei handelt es sich beispielsweise um eine Hochspannungsleitung, die aus einem Transformatorgehäuse herausführt, wobei das Transformatorgehäuse mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit, beispielsweise Öl, gefüllt ist. Des Weiteren können Hochspannungsisolatoren beispielsweise auch als Hochspannungsdurchführungen in Anlagen der Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragungstechnik (HGÜ) eingesetzt werden. Hochspannungsisolatoren müssen dabei hervorragende Isolierfähigkeit aufweisen, weil sie üblicherweise Spannungen von mehreren hundert Kilovolt isolieren müssen. Der Isolierkörper umgibt üblicherweise einen axialen Abschnitt des Hochspannungsleiters und verhindert auf diese Weise elektrische Überschläge zwischen dem Hochspannungsleiter und der Wandung.High voltage insulators of this type are known from the prior art. They generally have the task of isolating a high-voltage potential high-voltage line, which usually comprises the current-carrying high-voltage conductor, from a wall essentially at ground potential, through which the high-voltage line is to be carried out. This is, for example, a high voltage line, which leads out of a transformer housing, wherein the transformer housing with an insulating liquid, such as oil, is filled. Furthermore, high-voltage insulators can also be used, for example, as high-voltage bushings in systems of high-voltage direct-current transmission technology (HVDC). High-voltage insulators must have excellent insulation, because they usually have to isolate voltages of several hundred kilovolts. The insulating body usually surrounds an axial portion of the high voltage conductor and thus prevents electrical flashovers between the high voltage conductor and the wall.

In manchen Anwendungen kann es vorkommen, dass elektrische Anlangen und insbesondere darin eingesetzte Hochspannungsisolatoren mechanischer Krafteinwirkung ausgesetzt werden. Bei der mechanischen Krafteinwirkung kann es sich sowohl um äußere Umwelteinflüsse als auch beispielsweise um Zusammenstöße bei Unfällen mit Fahrzeugbeteiligung oder gar Beschuss mit Feuerwaffen handeln. Durch solche Krafteinwirkungen kann der Hochspannungsisolator bzw. der Isolierkörper beschädigt werden, so dass dessen elektrische Isolierfähigkeit beeinträchtigt wird. Dadurch kann es unter Umständen zu einem Ausfall der gesamten elektrischen Anlage kommen, in der der Hochspannungsisolator eingesetzt ist.In some applications, electrical equipment, and in particular high voltage insulators used therein, may be subject to mechanical force. The mechanical force may be external environmental influences as well as, for example, collisions in vehicle-sharing accidents or firearms. Such force effects can damage the high-voltage insulator or the insulating body be so that its electrical insulation is impaired. As a result, it can sometimes come to a failure of the entire electrical system in which the high-voltage insulator is used.

Ein weiteres Problem tritt bei Transformatoranlagen auf, die ölisolierte Transformatoren umfassen. Durch eine mechanische Krafteinwirkung, kann die Isolierfähigkeit des Hochspannungsisolators, der in diesem Zusammenhang eine Transformatordurchführung ausbildet, derart beeinträchtigt werden, dass durch elektrische Überschläge eine Entzündung des Isolieröls zu einem Brand der gesamten Transformatoranlage führen kann.Another problem arises with transformer systems comprising oil-insulated transformers. By a mechanical force, the insulating ability of the high-voltage insulator, which forms a transformer bushing in this context, can be affected in such a way that can cause by electrical flashovers an ignition of the insulating oil to a fire of the entire transformer system.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, einen Hochspannungsisolator vorzuschlagen, der gegenüber mechanischer Krafteinwirkung möglichst unempfindlich ist.The object of the invention is to propose a high-voltage insulator which is as insensitive to mechanical force.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einem artgemäßen Hochspannungsisolator dadurch gelöst, dass der Hochspannungsisolator eine den Isolierkörper zumindest teilweise umgreifende Dämpfungskammer aufweist, die mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Dämpfungsmittel zur Dämpfung äußerer mechanischer Krafteinwirkung auf den Isolierkörper gefüllt ist.The object is achieved in a high-voltage insulator according to the art in that the high-voltage insulator has an insulating body at least partially embracing damping chamber which is filled with an electrically insulating damping means for damping external mechanical force on the insulator.

Demnach bietet der erfindungsgemäße Hochspannungsisolator einen zusätzlichen Schutz vor mechanischer Krafteinwirkung. Wird beispielsweise eine punktuelle mechanische Kraft auf den Hochspannungsisolator ausgeübt, so kann mittels des Dämpfungsmittels diese Kraft gedämpft und auf eine größere Wirkungsfläche verteilt werden. Auf diese Weise kann eine mögliche Verformung des Isolierkörpers vermieden oder zumindest vermindert werden. Eine Verminderung der Isolierfähigkeit des Hochspannungsisolators aufgrund dessen Deformation kann dementsprechend minimiert werden.Accordingly, the high voltage insulator according to the invention provides additional protection against mechanical force. If, for example, a punctual mechanical force is exerted on the high-voltage insulator, then this force can be damped by means of the damping means and distributed over a larger effective area. In this way, a possible deformation of the insulating can be avoided or at least reduced. A reduction in the insulating capability of the high voltage insulator due to its deformation can be minimized accordingly.

Handelt es sich bei der mechanischen Krafteinwirkung um einen Schuss mit einem Projektil, so kann das Projektil in der Dämpfungskammer aufgefangen werden, bevor es den Isolierkörper erreicht. Die Energie des Projektils nimmt in diesem Fall das Dämpfungsmittel zumindest teilweise auf. Dabei kann es zwar zu einer Beschädigung des Hochspannungsisolators kommen, ein Eindringen des Projektils in den Isolierkörper kann jedoch verhindert werden. Im Fall einer Transformatoranlage kann auf diese Weise das Risiko einer Entzündung des Isolieröls direkt durch das Projektil oder indirekt durch einen elektrischen Überschlag vermindert werden.If the mechanical force is a shot with a projectile, the projectile may be in the Cushioning chamber are collected before it reaches the insulator. The energy of the projectile in this case at least partially absorbs the damping means. Although damage to the high-voltage insulator may occur, penetration of the projectile into the insulator can be prevented. In the case of a transformer system, in this way the risk of ignition of the insulating oil directly through the projectile or indirectly by an electrical flashover can be reduced.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst der Hochspannungsisolator ein erstes, inneres Rohr und ein zum ersten Rohr beabstandetes zweites, äußeres Rohr, die jeweils zum Hochspannungsleiter konzentrisch angeordnet sind und die Dämpfungskammer zumindest teilweise begrenzen. Die Dämpfungskammer weist hierbei eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische Form auf, wobei der durch die beiden konzentrischen Rohre begrenzter Zylinder den Isolierkörper umgreift. Eine äußere punktuelle Krafteinwirkung auf den Hochspannungsisolator verformt unter Umständen das äußere der beiden Rohre und nimmt einen Teil der Energie der Krafteinwirkung auf. Die restliche Kraft kann zumindest teilweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, vom Dämpfungsmittel aufgenommen werden. Die anfänglich punktuelle Kraft wird vorteilhafterweise innerhalb der Dämpfungskammer verteilt, so dass diese sich auf das innere der beiden Rohre nicht mehr punktuell, sondern flächig auswirkt. Die Gefahr einer starken Verformung oder gar einer Durchschlagung des inneren Rohres kann auf diese Weise minimiert werden. Der von der Dämpfungskammer abgeschirmte Isolierkörper bleibt weitgehend unbeschädigt und behält seine Isolierfähigkeit weitgehend bei.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage insulator comprises a first, inner tube and a second tube, spaced from the first tube, which are each arranged concentrically to the high-voltage conductor and at least partially delimit the damping chamber. The damping chamber in this case has a substantially cylindrical shape, wherein the limited by the two concentric tubes cylinder surrounds the insulating body. An external punctiform force on the high-voltage insulator may deform the outer of the two tubes and absorb part of the energy of the force. The remaining force can be absorbed at least partially, preferably completely, by the damping means. The initially punctual force is advantageously distributed within the damping chamber, so that it does not affect the inner of the two pipes punctiform, but flat. The risk of severe deformation or even penetration of the inner tube can be minimized in this way. The shielded from the damping chamber insulator remains largely undamaged and retains its insulating largely.

Das erste und das zweite Rohr können sich jeweils axial entlang des gesamten Hochspannungsisolators erstrecken, wodurch der Hochspannungsisolator umfassend geschützt ist. Radial außen am Hochspannungsisolator können weitere Isolationselemente angebracht sein, wie beispielsweise Silikon- oder Keramikabschirmungen. Diese können beispielsweise am äußeren der beiden Rohre angebracht sein.The first and second tubes may each extend axially along the entire high-voltage insulator, thereby providing the high-voltage insulator with full protection. Radially outside the high-voltage insulator further insulation elements may be appropriate, such as silicone or ceramic shields. These may for example be attached to the outer of the two tubes.

Der Hochspannungsisolator kann ferner Befestigungselemente aufweisen, die zum Befestigen des Hochspannungsisolators an Bauteilen einer Hochspannungsanlage, beispielsweise einem Transformator- oder Schaltanlagengehäuse eingerichtet sind.The high-voltage insulator may further comprise fastening elements which are set up for fastening the high-voltage insulator to components of a high-voltage installation, for example a transformer or switchgear housing.

Bevorzugt besteht das erste und/oder das zweite Rohr aus einem Kunststofffaser-Verbundwerkstoff, einem Metallmatrix-Verbundwerkstoff, einem keramischen Faserverbundwerkstoff oder einem Hartmetall. Diese Materialien und ihre Herstellung sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. Sie sind besonders widerstandsfähig gegenüber mechanischen Kraftwirkungen. Besonders bevorzugt sind Materialien, die elektrisch isolierend sind, wie Kunststoffe oder Keramik.Preferably, the first and / or the second tube made of a plastic fiber composite material, a metal matrix composite material, a ceramic fiber composite material or a hard metal. These materials and their preparation are known per se to those skilled in the art. They are particularly resistant to mechanical force effects. Particularly preferred are materials which are electrically insulating, such as plastics or ceramics.

Es wird als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn das Dämpfungsmittel eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit von weniger als 0,001 S/m (Siemens pro Meter), besonders bevorzugt 0,0001 S/m, aufweist. Dazu eignen sich beispielsweise einige Kunststoffe, wie weiches PVC, aber auch Schüttungen oder Schäume.It is considered advantageous if the damping means has an electrical conductivity of less than 0.001 S / m (Siemens per meter), particularly preferably 0.0001 S / m. For this purpose, for example, some plastics, such as soft PVC, but also beds or foams are suitable.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Dämpfungsmittel eine Dämpfungsflüssigkeit. In dieser Form hat das Dämpfungsmittel besonders günstige dämpfende Eigenschaften.According to one embodiment of the invention, the damping means is a damping fluid. In this form, the damping agent has particularly favorable damping properties.

Es kann vorkommen, dass durch entsprechend schwere Beschädigung der Dämpfungskammer die Dämpfungsflüssigkeit aus der Dämpfungskammer nach außen tritt. Daher ist es im Allgemeinen von Vorteil, wenn die Dämpfungsflüssigkeit relativ zäh ist. Eine solche Zähigkeit kann beispielsweise mit Silikonölen erreicht werden. Vorteilhafterweise weist die Dämpfungsflüssigkeit bei Raumtemperatur eine Viskosität von mehr als 103 Pa*s, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 104 Pa*s, auf.It can happen that the damping fluid escapes out of the damping chamber due to correspondingly severe damage to the damping chamber. Therefore, it is generally advantageous if the damping fluid is relatively tough. Such toughness can be achieved, for example, with silicone oils. Advantageously, the damping fluid at room temperature has a viscosity of more than 10 3 Pa * s, more preferably more than 10 4 Pa * s, on.

Vorzugsweise ist Dämpfungsflüssigkeit eine schwer entflammbare Flüssigkeit. Eine Flüssigkeit wird als schwer entflammbar bezeichnet, wenn deren Brennpunkt oberhalb von 300 Grad Celsius liegt. Geeignete schwer entflammbare Dämpfungsflüssigkeiten sind beispielsweise hochmolekulare Kohlenwasserstoffe, natürliche oder synthetische Esther oder auch die bereits erwähnten Silikonöle. Durch die Verwendung von schwer entflammbaren Dämpfungsflüssigkeiten wird die Brandgefahr der elektrischen Anlage, in der der Hochspannungsisolator eingesetzt ist, minimiert.Preferably, damping fluid is a flame retardant fluid. A liquid is said to be flame retardant if its focal point is above 300 degrees Celsius. Suitable flame retardant damping fluids are, for example, high molecular weight hydrocarbons, natural or synthetic esters or even the silicone oils already mentioned. The use of flame-retardant damping fluids minimizes the risk of fire in the electrical system in which the high-voltage insulator is used.

Das Dämpfungsmittel kann auch als ein Feststoff vorliegen. Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung der Erfindung ist das Dämpfungsmittel ein Trockenschaumstoff. Der Trockenschaumstoff hat den Vorteil, dass auch bei Beschädigung der Dämpfungskammer nicht nach außen treten kann und der Hochspannungsisolator auch nach einer erfolgten äußeren Krafteinwirkung im Allgemeinen in seiner Funktion nicht beeinträchtigt ist.The damping agent may also be present as a solid. According to an embodiment of the invention of the invention, the damping means is a dry foam. The dry foam has the advantage that even in case of damage to the damping chamber can not escape to the outside and the high-voltage insulator is not affected even after a successful external force in general in its function.

Bevorzugt ist der Trockenschaumstoff ein Polyurethan-Schaum (PUR-Schaum). Ferner kann der Trockenschaumstoff mit einem isolierenden Gas, wie beispielsweise dem SF6 aufgeschäumt sein. Dies steigert die Isolierfähigkeit des Dämpfungsmittels und damit des gesamten Hochspannungsisolators.Preferably, the dry foam is a polyurethane foam (PUR foam). Further, the dry foam may be foamed with an insulating gas such as SF6. This increases the insulating ability of the damping means and thus the entire high-voltage insulator.

Bevorzugt umfasst der Isolierkörper einen Wicklungskörper aus konzentrisch um den Hochspannungsleiter angeordneten elektrisch leitenden Einlagen, die durch Isolierlagen voneinander getrennt sind, wobei die Dämpfungskammer radial außen am Wicklungskörper angeordnet ist. Die elektrischen Einlagen dienen zur elektrischen Feldsteuerung und werden auch als Steuereinlagen bezeichnet. Die Feldsteuerung verbessert durch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Spannungsabfälle zwischen Hochspannungsleiter und Wandung eine die Isoliereigenschaften des Hochspannungsisolators.Preferably, the insulating body comprises a winding body of concentrically arranged around the high voltage conductor electrically conductive deposits, which are separated by insulating layers, wherein the damping chamber is arranged radially on the outside of the winding body. The electrical inserts are used for electric field control and are also referred to as tax deposits. The field control improves the insulating properties of the high-voltage insulator by evenly distributing the voltage drops between the high-voltage conductor and the wall.

Vorzugsweise weist der Wicklungskörper eine Harzimprägnierung auf. Dazu ist der Isolationskörper mit einem Harz, beispielsweise einem Epoxy-Harz, getränkt. Die Isolierlagen des Isolierkörpers können beispielsweise Papier, wie Krepppapier, oder Vlies enthalten, wobei die Isolierlagen im Herstellungsprozess der Hochspannungsdurchführung auf einen Wickelträger, beispielsweise den Hochspannungsleiter aufgewickelt werden. Der Isolierkörper mit den aufgewickelten Isolier- und Steuereinlagen wird anschließend in einem Harz oder Harzgemisch getränkt, so dass nach einem Aushärten der Harzmasse ein kompakter Block entsteht, der keine eingeschlossenen Hohlräume enthält. Auf diese Weise können besonders gute isolierende Eigenschaften des Hochspannungsisolators erreicht werden.Preferably, the winding body has a resin impregnation. For this purpose, the insulating body is impregnated with a resin, for example an epoxy resin. The insulating layers of the insulating body may, for example, paper, such as crepe paper, or nonwoven contain, wherein the insulating layers are wound in the manufacturing process of the high voltage bushing on a winding carrier, such as the high voltage conductor. The insulating body with the wound insulating and control inserts is then soaked in a resin or resin mixture, so that after curing of the resin composition, a compact block is formed which contains no trapped cavities. In this way, particularly good insulating properties of the high voltage insulator can be achieved.

Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Transformatordurchführung zum elektrisch isolierenden Herausführen eines Hochspannungsleiters aus einem Transformatorgehäuse vorzuschlagen, die gegenüber einer mechanischen Krafteinwirkung möglichst unempfindlich ist.Another object of the invention is to propose a transformer bushing for the electrically insulating lead out of a high voltage conductor from a transformer housing, which is as insensitive to a mechanical force as possible.

Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass die Transformatordurchführung einen erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungsisolator umfasst.The object is achieved in that the transformer bushing comprises a high-voltage insulator according to the invention.

Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Transformatordurchführung ergeben sich aus den zuvor im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungsisolator ergebenden Vorteilen in entsprechender Weise.The advantages of the transformer bushing according to the invention result from the advantages previously obtained in connection with the high-voltage insulator according to the invention in a corresponding manner.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungsisolators in schematischer Querschnittsdarstellung;
  • Figur 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Transformatordurchführung in schematischer Querschnittsdarstellung.
The invention will be described below with reference to the in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown embodiments explained in more detail.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a high-voltage insulator according to the invention in a schematic cross-sectional representation;
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a transformer bushing according to the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view.

Im Einzelnen zeigt Figur 1 einen Seitenquerschnitt durch einen Hochspannungsisolator 1. Der Hochspannungsisolator 1 weist einen Isolierkörper 2 der um einen Hochspannungsleiter 3 herum angeordnet ist und ihn auf einem axialen Längenabschnitt umgibt. In dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist der Hochspannungsisolator 1 eine Zylindersymmetrie auf. Die Symmetrieachse des zylindersymmetrischen Hochspannungsisolators 1 ist mittels einer unterbrochenen Linie 9 dargestellt.In detail shows FIG. 1 a side cross-section through a high-voltage insulator 1. The high-voltage insulator 1 has an insulating body 2 which is arranged around a high-voltage conductor 3 around and surrounds it on an axial longitudinal section. In the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the high voltage insulator 1 on a cylinder symmetry. The axis of symmetry of the cylindrically symmetrical high-voltage insulator 1 is represented by a broken line 9.

Der Isolierkörper 2 umfasst konzentrisch um den Hochspannungsleiter 3 angeordnete Steuereinlagen 21 aus Aluminiumfolie, die voneinander durch Isolierlagen 22 aus harzgetränktem Papier getrennt sind.The insulating body 2 comprises concentrically arranged around the high-voltage conductor 3 control inserts 21 made of aluminum foil, which are separated from each other by insulating layers 22 of resin-impregnated paper.

Der Hochspannungsisolator 1 umfasst ein erstes Rohr 4 sowie ein zum ersten Rohr 4 beabstanded angeordnetes zweites Rohr 5. Das erste Rohr 4 und das zweite Rohr 5 sind jeweils konzentrisch um den Hochspannungsleiter 3 angeordnet. Axial zwischen dem ersten Rohr 4 und dem zweiten Rohr 5 ist ein Hohlraum ausgebildet, der die Dämpfungskammer 6 ausbildet. Die Dämpfungskammer 6 ist mit einem Dämpfungsmittel gefüllt. Im in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Dämpfungsmittel ein Hartschaum aus Polyurethanschaum.The high-voltage insulator 1 comprises a first tube 4 and a second tube 5 arranged at a distance from the first tube 4. The first tube 4 and the second tube 5 are each arranged concentrically around the high-voltage conductor 3. Axially between the first tube 4 and the second tube 5, a cavity is formed, which forms the damping chamber 6. The damping chamber 6 is filled with a damping agent. Im in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the damping means is a rigid foam made of polyurethane foam.

Radial außen am Hochspannungsisolator 1 sind tellerförmige Isolierelemente 7 angeordnet, die aus einem Silikon-Verbundwerkstoff geformt sind. Der Hochspannungsisolator 1 umfasst ferner Befestigungsmittel 8, die zum Befestigen des Hochspannungsisolator 1 an einer Wandung eingerichtet sind. Da die Befestigungsmittel 8 mit einer erdverbundenen Wandung verbunden sind, liegen die Befestigungsmittel 8 auf einem Erdpotenzial. Der Hochspannungsleiter 3 liegt dem gegenüber auf Hochspannungspotenzial, im dargestellten Beispiel auf 420 kV.Radially outward on the high voltage insulator 1 plate-shaped insulating elements 7 are arranged, which are formed of a silicone composite material. The high-voltage insulator 1 further comprises fastening means 8, which are set up for fastening the high-voltage insulator 1 to a wall. Since the fastening means 8 are connected to a ground-connected wall, the fastening means 8 are at a ground potential. The high voltage conductor 3 is opposite to high voltage potential, in the example shown at 420 kV.

Eine punktuelle Krafteinwirkung auf den Hochspannungsisolator 1 die von außerhalb des Hochspannungsisolator 1 kommt, beispielsweise durch ein auf den Hochspannungsisolator 1 abgeschossenes Projektil, deformiert zunächst punktuell das zweite äußere Rohr 5. Das Projektil durchdringt das zweite Rohr 5 und dringt damit in die Dämpfungskammer 6 ein. Die Energie des Projektils wird in der Dämpfungskammer 6 durch das Dämpfungsmittel absorbiert. Eine übrige Kraft des Projektils wird derart in der Dämpfungskammer bzw. dem Dämpfungsmittel verteilt, dass ein dadurch erzeugter Druck über eine vergrößerte Fläche des ersten Rohres 4 verteilt wird. Eine starke Deformation oder gar eine Durchbrechung des ersten Rohres 4 kann auf diese Weise verhindert werden. Die Isolierfähigkeit des Isolierkörpers 2 bleibt demnach auch im Falle einer äußeren punktuellen Krafteinwirkung erhalten.A punctual force acting on the high-voltage insulator 1 coming from outside the high-voltage insulator 1, for example by a projectile shot down on the high-voltage insulator 1, initially deforms selectively the second outer tube 5. The projectile penetrates the second tube 5 and thus penetrates into the damping chamber 6. The energy of the projectile is absorbed in the damping chamber 6 by the damping means. A remaining force of the projectile is distributed in the damping chamber or the damping means such that a pressure generated thereby is distributed over an enlarged area of the first tube 4. A strong deformation or even an opening of the first tube 4 can be prevented in this way. The insulating ability of the insulating body 2 thus remains even in the case of an external punctiform force.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Transformatordurchführung 10. Die Transformatordurchführung 10 ist dazu eingerichtet, einen auf Hochspannung sich befindenden Hochspannungsleiter 11 aus einem Transformatorgehäuse 12 eines Leistungstransformators 13 herauszuführen. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a transformer bushing 10. The transformer bushing 10 is configured to lead out a high-voltage high-voltage conductor 11 from a transformer housing 12 of a power transformer 13.

Die in Figur 2 gezeigte Transformatordurchführung 10 stellt einen elektrischen Übergang vom Transformator 13 zu einem nicht dargestellten Freiluft-Hochspannungsanschluss bereit. Die Transformatordurchführung 10 erstreckt sich von seinem hochspannungsseitigen bzw. transformatorseitigen - in Fig. 2 unteren - Ende durch einen nicht dargestellten Tragflansch zur Befestigung am Transformatorgehäuse 12 zum Freiluft-Hochspannungsanschluss hin.In the FIG. 2 shown transformer feedthrough 10 provides an electrical transition from the transformer 13 to an unillustrated outdoor high voltage terminal ready. The transformer bushing 10 extends from its high-voltage side or transformer side - in Fig. 2 bottom - end by a support flange, not shown, for attachment to the transformer housing 12 for outdoor high-voltage connection.

Das Transformatorgehäuse 12 ist dabei mit einem Isolieröl 14 gefüllt. Die Transformatordurchführung 10 weist einen Isolierkörper 15, der konzentrisch um den Hochspannungsleiter 11 angeordnet ist. Außen am Isolierkörper 15 ist eine zylindrische Dämpfungskammer 16 angebracht. Die Dämpfungskammer 16 erstreckt sich in einer Längsrichtung der Transformatordurchführung 10 von der Wandung des Transformators 13 bis zu einem in Figur 2 nicht dargestellten dem Transformator abgewandten Ende der Transformatordurchführung 10. Mittels der Dämpfungskammer 16 und des darin angeordneten Dämpfungsmittels kann eine Beschädigung des Isolierkörpers der Transformatordurchführung 10 verhindert werden derart, dass das Risiko einer Entzündung des Isolieröls 14 minimiert wird.The transformer housing 12 is filled with an insulating oil 14. The transformer bushing 10 has an insulating body 15 concentrically around the high voltage conductor 11 is arranged. Outside of the insulating body 15, a cylindrical damping chamber 16 is mounted. The damping chamber 16 extends in a longitudinal direction of the transformer bushing 10 from the wall of the transformer 13 to an in FIG. 2 By means of the damping chamber 16 and the damping means disposed therein, damage to the insulating body of the transformer bushing 10 can be prevented such that the risk of ignition of the insulating oil 14 is minimized.

Claims (11)

  1. High-voltage insulator (1) having an insulating body (2) which surrounds a high-voltage conductor (3), characterized in that the high-voltage insulator (1) has a damping chamber (6) which at least partially engages around the insulating body (2) and is filled with an electrically insulating damping medium for damping an action of external mechanical force on the insulating body (2).
  2. High-voltage insulator (1) according to Claim 1, wherein the high-voltage insulator (1) comprises a first tube (4) and a second tube (5) which is at a distance from the first tube, which first tube and second tube are each arranged concentrically in relation to the high-voltage conductor (3) and at least partially delimit the damping chamber (6).
  3. High-voltage insulator (1) according to Claim 2, wherein the first and/or the second tube (4, 5) are/is produced from a plastic fiber composite material, a metal matrix composite material, a ceramic fiber composite material or a hard metal.
  4. High-voltage insulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping medium has an electrical conductivity of less than 0.001 S/m.
  5. High-voltage insulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping medium is a damping liquid.
  6. High-voltage insulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping liquid is a liquid of low flammability.
  7. High-voltage insulator (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the damping medium is a dry foam.
  8. High-voltage insulator (1) according to Claim 7, wherein the dry foam is a PUR foam.
  9. High-voltage insulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the insulating body (2) comprises a winding body which is composed of electrically conductive inserts (21) which are arranged concentrically around the high-voltage conductor (3) and which are separated from one another by insulating layers (22), wherein the damping chamber (6) is arranged radially on the outside of the winding body.
  10. High-voltage insulator (1) according to Claim 9, wherein the winding body has a resin impregnation.
  11. Transformer bushing (10) for routing a high-voltage conductor (11) out of a transformer housing (12) in an electrically insulating manner, characterized in that the transformer bushing (10) comprises a high-voltage insulator (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 10.
EP16171528.9A 2015-06-26 2016-05-26 High-voltage insulator Not-in-force EP3109867B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102015211939.4A DE102015211939A1 (en) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 High-voltage insulator

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EP3109867B1 true EP3109867B1 (en) 2017-08-30

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EP (1) EP3109867B1 (en)
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DE102017212977A1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Plug-in high-voltage bushing and electrical device with the plug-in high-voltage bushing

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DE2911402A1 (en) * 1979-03-23 1980-10-02 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Capacitor bushing insulator - with plastic foam filling gap between conductive bolt and wound capacitor
DE19644483C1 (en) * 1996-10-25 1997-11-20 Siemens Ag High voltage insulator for high voltage lines
DE102004019586A1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2005-11-03 Siemens Ag Electrical insulator, especially for medium and high voltages
DE102010005086B4 (en) * 2010-01-15 2018-05-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft High-voltage bushing
WO2012159681A2 (en) * 2011-05-20 2012-11-29 Abb Technology Ag A cable termination device, a method for prefabricating a cable termination device and a method for achieving a cable termination

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DE102015211939A1 (en) 2016-12-29
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CA2933882C (en) 2019-02-26
US9837184B2 (en) 2017-12-05
US20160379736A1 (en) 2016-12-29

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