Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
  • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
  • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D19/00—Details
  • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
  • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
  • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
  • F24D19/1042—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses solar energy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
  • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
  • F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
  • F24T10/13—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
  • F24T10/17—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using tubes closed at one end, i.e. return-type tubes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
  • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
  • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
  • F28F13/125—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation by stirring
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/11—Geothermal energy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
  • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
  • F28D2021/0066—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications with combined condensation and evaporation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
  • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

• the invention relates to a storage device for storing thermal energy from, for example, solar thermal panels and to restore this energy later for heating domestic water, radiators, a heated floor, a heated ceiling, etc.
• the invention also relates to a method for storing and restoring thermal energy using the aforementioned device as well as to heat exchangers.
• US Patent No. 4,467,958 relates to a solar heating system using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.
• the heating of this solution evaporates the water and concentrates the solution, thus storing energy, because the concentration process is endothermic.
• the sodium hydroxide solution is diluted. The dilution process being exothermic, there is release of thermal energy.
• This system has the major disadvantage of being complex and using a large number of elements: a boiler, a condenser, three tanks, an absorber, an evaporator and pumps to circulate the fluids, an associated electronics to order the set, etc.
• European patent application published under No. 307297 discloses a method for conducting a thermochemical reaction and an installation for carrying out this method.
• This installation comprises a first reactor in which a reaction takes place between a solid and a gas in the presence of a coolant circulating in an exchanger.
• This first reactor is connected by a tubing to a second reactor or vessel in which a reaction takes place between the gas and its liquid phase.
• This tank comprises only one orifice for the passage of gas. No dissolution, dilution or concentration process takes place during the implementation of the process.
• German patent application published under No. 43 33 829 proposes a method and a thermal energy storage facility involving an exothermic adsorption / endothermic desorption phase on microporous solids such as zeolites. No dissolution, dilution or concentration process takes place during the implementation of the process.
• Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003004331 relates to a complex heat pump system.
• the system is connected to boreholes or uses groundwater. All embodiments of this application describe complex systems employing at least two heat exchangers as well as a main tank and a secondary tank. No dissolution, dilution or concentration process takes place during the implementation of the process.
• British Patent Application Publication No. 2,058,334 relates to a terrestrial heat extraction process and an apparatus for carrying out this method.
• cold water is injected into the ground where it heats up and is recovered hot on the surface.
• the first embodiment describes how water is injected cold around a central tube, then enters the central tube and rises to the surface. No change in water phase is mentioned in this document. Summary of the invention
• the major object of the invention is to provide a device for storing and returning thermal energy that is notably simpler, more efficient, less expensive, easier to produce, install and operate than the aforementioned heating system. .
• this object is achieved by means of a device comprising:
• a first fluid which is a heat transfer fluid
• a heat exchanger comprising an inlet and an outlet for the first fluid as well as an inlet and an outlet for the second fluid and allowing a heat exchange between these fluids;
• this device having the particular feature that the inlet and the outlet of the second fluid of the heat exchanger are combined into a single orifice.
• the invention also relates to a method for storing and restoring thermal energy, a high temperature heat exchanger comprising at least one tube equipped with a stirrer and a low temperature heat exchanger comprising two concentric tubes, namely, an outer tube and a central tube, the latter being pierced with holes distributed along its longitudinal axis.
• FIG. 1 a device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 a section of a tube of a first exchanger according to the invention
• FIG. 4 an illustration of the operation of the device according to the invention, in the energy storage phase
• FIG. 5 an illustration of the operation of the device according to the invention, in the energy destocking phase
• FIG. 6 an example of use of the device according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a device for storing and restoring thermal energy according to the invention.
• This device comprises a heat exchanger 1 having an inlet 3 and an outlet 2.
• the output 2 is connected to a four-way valve 8 which can put it into fluid communication:
• a thermal energy source 27 which may be a solar thermal panel, a cooling circuit of an engine, or any other source of thermal energy, via a connection 31 and an inlet 4 of the energy source thermal; or with an inlet duct 6 of a thermal energy receiver 28 which may be a sanitary water heating installation, radiators, a floor heating, etc., via a four-way valve 8; in this case, the four-way valve 8 also makes fluid communication with the output pipe 7 of the energy receiver with the connection 31.
• the inlet 3 of the heat exchanger 1 is in fluid communication both with an outlet 5 of the thermal energy source and with a three-way valve 9 situated between the inlet 4 of the thermal energy source and the connection 31.
• This three-way valve 9 is configured to allow either communication between the connection 31 and the inlet 3, or a communication between the connection 31 and the inlet 4 of the thermal energy source 27.
• the first fluid is a heat transfer fluid, that is to say a substance or a mixture of substances in the fluid, liquid or gaseous state, generally between -50 and + 150 ° C. that is, within a temperature range encompassing those that may be known by the thermal energy source and the heat exchanger.
• the second fluid may be composed of a single substance or a mixture of substances, it may be for example water, ethanol, acetone or acetic acid. It usually has the following properties:
• This chemical is preferentially very soluble in the second fluid, its dilution in this fluid must be exothermic and therefore its endothermic concentration. Its dissolution, that is to say, its passage from the solid state (not dissolved) to the dissolved state in the second fluid can also be exothermic.
• the second fluid is called “refrigerant” and the chemical "absorbent".
• the amounts of coolant, refrigerant and absorbent are generally constant because there is no loss of material.
• the first fluid may be brine.
• the refrigerant used is preferably water and the absorbent is preferably calcium chloride, both compounds being inexpensive.
• the absorbent is preferably calcium chloride, both compounds being inexpensive.
• calcium chloride is particularly advantageous, in particular for the following reasons:
• a container in particular a tube 10, which contains the solution of the absorbent in the refrigerant and whose inlet and outlet are merged, that is to say that this tube 10 has only one orifice 11 connected by a refrigerant vapor connection duct 12 to the inlet 13 of a refrigerant storage tank 14.
• a tube 10 offers the advantage that a tube is resistant to depression without deformation, whereas in conventional exchangers, planar plates are used which have the disadvantage of being deformed under the action of one side, vacuum (solution or absorbent side) and the other, atmospheric pressure (coolant side).
• the tube 10 is intended to bathe in the coolant.
• the tube 10 is equipped with a stirrer 15.
• a stirrer has the function of stirring the absorbent. This provides a significant advantage when the absorbent precipitates, as the stirring then prevents it from forming a compact and hard block. The concentration of the solution can thus be allowed to reach very high values.
• the stirring improves the heat exchange of the tube 10 and its contents with the coolant present all around it in the heat exchanger 1.
• the stirrer 15 may be rotated by a motor located inside the tube 10 or by a motor 25 located outside the tube 10, the rotary drive of the stirrer then being provided by a magnetic coupling.
• the stirrer 15 has a shape enabling it to achieve maximum stirring of the solution and, where appropriate, of the precipitated absorbent inside the tube 10, for example a substantially sinusoidal shape, such as that visible in FIG. 2 which comprises a blade having a width equal to the diameter of the tube 10 and of a length substantially equal to that of the tube 10.
• This tube fulfills several functions:
• One of the novel features of the invention is that the absorbent is found only in the heat exchanger 1, precisely in the tube 10.
• the second fluid consists only of refrigerant and the second fluid tank (14) is a tank or a tank of refrigerant.
• the refrigerant can be corrosive, the fact that it is confined the heat exchanger 1 reduces corrosion and the consequences in case of leakage in the piping are minimal.
• filter means (not shown) between the orifice 11 and the inlet 13 of the vessel 14 (see Fig. 1) to prevent the absorbent from being accidentally driven out of the tank. heat exchanger 1.
• These means may include baffles or a vortex system.
• the heat exchanger 1 comprises a plurality of tubes 10 each of which is equipped with a stirrer 15 and which are preferably arranged horizontally.
• FIG. 3 shows an example of arrangement of the tubes 10 inside the exchanger 1.
• the tubes 10 extend parallel to each other while bathing in the heat transfer fluid.
• the orifice 11 of the first heat exchanger 1 also communicates by means of a connecting pipe 21 with a second heat exchanger 18 which has the particularity of alternately acting as an evaporator and condenser.
• the bottom of the refrigerant tank 14 has an outlet 16 connected to a drain conduit 17 which communicates with the inlet 19 of the second heat exchanger
• the tank 14 has the sole function of storing the refrigerant.
• the temperature of the latter in the tank is less than or equal to the temperature of the evaporator-condenser. Indeed, if it were higher, the refrigerant of the tank would evaporate which would cause the decrease of its temperature.
• the second heat exchanger is used directly as a heat exchanger by vaporizing the refrigerant therein.
• the second heat exchanger performs a heat exchange with the earth. This has the advantage of making it possible to dispense with heat transfer fluid in the second heat exchanger because the heat exchange is then carried out directly between the refrigerant and the earth through a wall of the heat exchanger.
• the second heat exchanger 18 comprises two concentric tubes visible in Figures 1, 4 and 5, namely, an outer tube 22 and a central tube 23, the latter being pierced with holes 24 advantageously distributed along of its longitudinal axis, preferably in a regular manner. These holes 24 are preferably very fine so as to cause misting or vaporization of the refrigerant during the passage of the central tube 23 to the outer tube 22.
• the inlet 19 of the second heat exchanger 18 preferably communicates with a longitudinal end of the central tube 23 and the outlet 20 of the second heat exchanger preferably communicates with a longitudinal end of the outer tube 22, these two ends being preferably located on a same side of the second heat exchanger 18.
• the refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger 18 through the inlet 19 and the central tube 23, out through the holes 24 in the form of mist or fine droplets that are received in the outer tube 24 and driven through the outlet 20 and the connecting duct 21 to the tube (s) 10.
• the central tube 23 serves both to raise the excess water to the coolant storage tank 14 and mist.
• the misting of the refrigerant droplets increases the exchange surface between the liquid refrigerant and the refrigerant vapor in an extremely efficient manner.
• the second heat exchanger 18 may have a length of 50 to 100 m.
• a submersible watertight pump 32 is provided to assist in raising the refrigerant to the refrigerant storage tank 14.
• the second heat exchanger 18 may be vertical and be in the form of a well. It is also possible to provide a plurality of heat exchangers 18 all operating in the same manner and preferably in parallel. The number of second heat exchangers 18 depends on the maximum power desired for the operation of the device.
• the second heat exchanger can be horizontal, then spacers are preferably provided between the central tube 23 and the outer tube 22, to maintain the concentricity of these tubes.
• the second heat exchanger 18 can be underground, that is to say buried underground so as to take energy from the earth, energy which is used for evaporation of the refrigerant.
• the total destocking power is obtained for 1/3, the dissolution and / or dilution of the absorbent in the refrigerant and, for 2/3, the phase change of the refrigerant.
• the power of the evaporator is only 2/3 of the maximum total power.
• each tube 10 is equipped with an individual valve 26 allowing or preventing the arrival and departure of the refrigerant.
• the filter means are then disposed between the orifice 11 and the valve 26. Operation - Method according to the invention
• the operating principle of the device is totally different from that of the devices of the prior art because, in the invention, the boiler and the absorber are combined into a single refrigerant / absorbent tank (the first heat exchanger 1).
• the device is equipped with pumps and valves and an electronics capable of controlling these elements, such as the valves 30 enabling the liquid refrigerant to be raised or lowered in the refrigerant tank 14 or in the tube 23.
• the valve 8 is preferably a proportional valve which regulates the temperature of the coolant for heating.
• the device As for the operation of the device, it generally comprises 3 modes, which can be detailed as follows in the case where the thermal energy source consists of solar panels: 1. Solar panels do not provide any energy (at night, for example). The valve 9 sends the coolant directly into the heat exchanger 1. The dissolution / dilution of the absorbent in the tubes 10 provides all the necessary energy.
• the solar panels provide energy and the valve 9 sends the heat transfer fluid into the solar panels:
• the tubes 10 provide the additional energy, or
• the refrigerant is in the form of steam at the inlet / outlet 11 of the heat exchanger 1, in the connecting duct 12 and in the connecting duct 21, while it is under liquid form in the drain conduit 17 and the tube 23.
• refrigerant there is also some amount of refrigerant between the inner tube 23 and the outer tube 22 of the second heat exchanger 18.
• pump 32 involved in the regulation of the refrigerant level between these two tubes.
• the temperature of the solution is higher than the equilibrium temperature.
• the pressure tends to increase.
• the temperature of the second heat exchanger 18 is kept constant, the pressure, increasing, triggers the condensation of the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger 18 which acts as a condenser.
• FIG. 4 This storage of thermal energy is illustrated in FIG. 4 where:
• the arrows D symbolize the circulation of the cold refrigerant, that is to say in liquid form.
• the coolant heated by the thermal energy source circulates in the first heat exchanger 1 and heats the inside of the tubes 10, all the better that the Brewers 15 are operated. Under the effect of heat, the refrigerant evaporates.
• the absorbent eg salt
• the refrigerant eg water vapor
• the pressure tends to decrease.
• the temperature of the evaporator is kept constant.
• the pressure, decreasing, triggers evaporation in the second heat exchanger 18 which then acts as an evaporator.
• FIG. 7 The destocking of the thermal energy is illustrated in FIG. 7 where:
• the arrows G symbolize the circulation of the hot refrigerant, that is to say in the form of steam;
• the arrows H symbolize the circulation of cold refrigerant, that is to say in liquid form.
• the refrigerant is brought, by gravity in the case of one or more vertical geothermal wells, or by a circulation pump in the case of geothermal sensors horizontal through the drain pipe 17 in the tube 23, where it vaporizes or atomizes passing through the holes or mist 24, the steam is then driven through the connecting conduit 21 and the valves 26 open, in the tubes 10 where it comes dilute the solution (or brine) or dissolve the absorbent therein, which produces a release of heat that heats the coolant present in the first heat exchanger 1.
• the heat transfer fluid can then heat the thermal energy receiver 28.
• the rotation of the stirrers 15 greatly improves this process.
• a first device provides a heat transfer fluid at 40 ° C and provides heating of a house
• a second device according to the invention.
• the invention ensures the heating of domestic hot water to 60 °.
• the cold source of this second device is provided by the first device.
• the overall efficiency is then improved at the cost of a small complexity of the installation.
• the stirring speed is controlled by the requested heating power. This is a function of the refrigerant absorption temperature (water in the example above) and it is maximum when the concentration of the absorbent (salt) is maximum, which generates the dilution temperature. higher.
• the energy required by the brewing is to avoid the efficiency of storage. It is therefore advisable to limit the use of brewing to a minimum.
• one or more valves 26 it is possible to cut off the arrival of the refrigerant in the vapor state (steam) in one or more tubes 10. The energy stored is then stored and remains available at the maximum storage temperature.
• the height of the level of the refrigerant between the central tube 23 and the outer tube 22 is preferably regulated.
• the regulation can be refined by measuring and taking into account, on the one hand, the temperature of the outer tube 22 or the pressure of the vapor between the outer tube 22 and the central tube 23 and, on the other hand, the pressure of the liquid in the central tube 23.
• the sealing condition of the system is checked, thus, if air has been introduced, the pressure is higher (addition of the partial pressures gases) at the pressure correlated with the temperature.
• the parasitic air slows the absorption-cooling reaction and drastically reduces the destocking power.
• the regulation can also be refined by checking the quality of the vacuum between the outer tube 22 and the tube central 23, control performed by measuring the temperature of the outer tube 22 and the pressure between the outer tube 22 and the central tube 23.
• the absorbent is present only in the tubes 10, in which it is in a form ranging from a powdery solid state without water (apart from the water of hydration) and optionally crystallized, to a completely dissolved state and very diluted in water. Between these two states corresponding to extremely different absorbent concentrations, the absorbent can be partially dissolved or completely dissolved and more or less concentrated.
• the completely solid state corresponds to the maximum energy storage, the device according to the invention then being comparable to a "thermal battery" fully charged.
• the device according to the invention is comparable to a completely discharged battery.
• the device according to the invention can very well work without the concentration of the absorbent being pushed to the transition to the solid state, the heat being then released / absorbed by simple dilution / concentration of the solution of absorbent in the refrigerant.
• FIG. 6 is shown a specific embodiment of the device according to the invention in a house.
• the device according to the invention is connected to solar thermal panels 27 as a source of thermal energy and to a heating floor 28 as a thermal energy receiver.
• the second heat exchanger 29 plays the role of "cold source", which is used:
• This so-called “cold” source may be a vertical well geothermal sensor, a geothermal sensor consisting of a shallow horizontal network or a water table.
• any heat exchanger with a constant or semi-constant temperature for example air coming from outside the house.
• the cold source does not provide or receive energy in the long run.
• the energy it provides or receives is always less than the energy supplied by the thermal energy source (here, the solar thermal panels 27) or the energy received by the thermal energy receiver (here, the underfloor heating 28).
• - water for the underfloor heating from 25 to 45 ° C.
• the installation is configured to heat this water to 60 ° C.
• the water temperature can vary from 5 to 30 ° C.
• the temperature of the second heat exchanger 29 is decisive for the operation of the installation because it sets the working concentrations. Geothermal studies show that for low temperature geothermal energy, this temperature is around 10 ° C to 14 ° C depending on the depth and location.
• the heating demand of an installation similar to that shown in FIG. 6 requires a temperature of 30 °.
• the temperature of the cold source is 10 ° C.
• the concentration of the absorbent can decrease to 45%, below this percentage, the outlet temperature drops and we can say that the tube is discharged. It then suffices to close the valve 26 to isolate it from operation, leaving it to use it again for lower operating temperatures.
• the device according to the invention has been studied in a village house located in Saint -Gervais (France) at an altitude of 800 meters.
• the house has a total area of 120 m 2 spread equally over two floors.
• the roof is oriented west-southwest and has an inclination of approximately 10% to the ground.
• the sizing calculations of the device according to the invention are based on the heating system already in place, consisting of an oil boiler ensuring both the heating of the rooms of the house and that of domestic hot water.
• the maximum power that the device according to the invention must provide depends on the lowest temperature (-22.7 ° C.) and the power required to obtain hot water (in 4 hours), ie 6.2 k ( heating house) + 2.2 kW (water heating) is about 9 kW.
• the total power required of the device according to the invention is therefore estimated at 15 kW.
• the roof of the house being practically flat, it is desirable to use a frame fixing and tilting the panels with a south orientation of 60 degrees, so as to have a maximum of yield in winter.
• the amount of refrigerant used by the device according to the invention must make it possible to compensate for the deficits of sunshine. These occur during certain months (December, December, January) and when the heating works at night.
• the maximum thermal energy deficit measured over one year is 2,681 kWh, or about 3 MWh.
• the absorbent used being a salt, calcium chloride and water coolant, based on the enthalpy of dissolution and the enthalpy of dilution of this salt, we deduce that 3 tons of salt and 3.7 m 3 of water are needed.
• the volume of the tubes 10 to the number of 7 of the first heat exchanger was sized to 4 m 3 .
• a sinusoidal stirrer 15 shown in FIG. 2 was used in each tube 10.
• the water tank was also sized at 4 m 3 .
• the total power required of the device according to the invention is 15 kW.
• the maximum power that geothermal wells must provide is 10 kW.
• each geothermal well provides 50 W per linear meter, 200 linear meters of well are required, ie each of the two wells must have a depth of 100 m.
• the surface of the solar panels could be decreased by increasing storage volumes (salt and water).

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2014
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• 2015
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