EP3104746B1 - Matelas pneumatique à ondes à propagation de solitons - Google Patents

Matelas pneumatique à ondes à propagation de solitons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3104746B1
EP3104746B1 EP15749666.2A EP15749666A EP3104746B1 EP 3104746 B1 EP3104746 B1 EP 3104746B1 EP 15749666 A EP15749666 A EP 15749666A EP 3104746 B1 EP3104746 B1 EP 3104746B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
air bladder
bladder cells
mattress
pressure
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EP15749666.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3104746A1 (fr
EP3104746B8 (fr
EP3104746A4 (fr
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William Lawrence Chapin
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from US14/179,791 external-priority patent/US9015885B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
    • A47C27/08—Fluid mattresses or cushions
    • A47C27/10—Fluid mattresses or cushions with two or more independently-fillable chambers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
    • A61G7/05769—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with inflatable chambers
    • A61G7/05776—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with inflatable chambers with at least two groups of alternately inflated chambers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
    • A61G2203/32—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for force
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
    • A61G2203/34—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mattresses of he type used to support a recumbent human. Such a support is disclosed in the US5584085 . More particularly, the invention relates to novel air mattresses which have an array of individually inflatable and deflatable air bladder cells that receive air pressure pulses in a timed sequence which results in a soliton traveling wave of body support force variation to traverse the surface of the air bladder cells.
  • the soliton body support forces waves can be programmed to travel longitudinally, laterally or obliquely on the upper support surfaces of the air bladder cells, according to pre-determined patterns which can be used to minimize formation of decubitus sores on a patient's body and alternatively to simulate comforting motions such as floating on a rolling water wave, or rocking in a boat, which simulations may optionally be accompanied by appropriate music and/or environment-simulating sounds.
  • Pressure sores which are also known as decubitus ulcers or bed sores occur in the outer tissues of a person's body if parts of the body are subjected to relatively large normal force pressure gradients, and/or tangential or shear forces, for long periods of time. Such sores are caused by reduction in blood circulation caused by surface force pressures which exceed the person's capillary blood pressure.
  • the problems with bed sores forming on the skin of persons with medical conditions which require them to be in relatively immobile positions on a hospital bed or in a wheel chair can be severe, resulting in painful, difficult to treat conditions, loss of limbs, or even death.
  • a commonly used method to minimize the possibility of bed sore formation is to turn the patient periodically, i.e, to re-adjust the patient's position on a bed mattress or in a wheel chair so that long-term normal force pressure gradients, can be relieved from parts of a patient's body.
  • turning invariably results in renewed higher pressures on other parts of the body, so the turning process must be repeated usually at least on a daily basis.
  • Multi-Chambered Sequentially Pressurized Air Mattress With Four Layers discloses an air mattress which has two lower layers constantly pressurized at about 6,94Kpa (1 psi) gauge, and two upper layers that each have serpentinely shaped, transversely disposed interdigitated membrane areas which are cyclically and alternately pressurized with varying air pressure in a push-pull fashion which creates a standing wave of variation in support force for a patient, with the intended purpose of minimizing formation of decubitus sores.
  • the standing waves produced by alternate inflation and deflation of adjacent interdigitated members shifts support forces up and down, leaving the average maximum reaction support force concentrations on parts of a patient's body unchanged.
  • the continuous oscillating motion of the interdigitated members exerts continuous reciprocating tangential or shear forces on parts of a body supported by adjacent interdigitated members, which shear force can collapse blood vessels and thus reduce blood circulation, which can contribute to the formation of shear-force induced decubitus sores.
  • the present invention was conceived of to provide air mattresses which provide soliton traveling waves of support-forces for the body of a person supported by the mattress, which can reduce maximum force concentrations of the type that can lead to the formation of decubitus bed sores.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus as further disclosed in claim 1, which includes an inflatable air mattress that has a multiplicity of hermetically isolated air bladder cells and a pressure pulse generator which dynamically varies inflation pressures in the cells to thus create a soliton traveling wave of support-force which travels over the upper surface of the mattress.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus which includes a mattress that has a multiplicity of laterally disposed, hermetically isolated air bladder cells, and an air pressure pulse generator which sequentially varies air pressure in the cells to thus create longitudinally traveling soliton body support-force waves on the upper surfaces of the air bladder cells.
  • Another object of the invention is to ;provide a soliton traveling wave air mattress comprised of a planar matrix of air bladder cells which are hermetically isolated from one another, and a pressure pulse generator for varying air pressures in the cells by pressure pulses which are applied sequentially to individual cells or groups of cells to create on the upper surfaces of the cells soliton traveling waves of support-force for the body of a person supported by the mattress, the soliton traveling waves being directable longitudinally, laterally, obliquely, or in other directions on the surface of the mattress.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a soliton traveling wave air mattress which has a matrix of air bladder cells, each of which has associated therewith a surface reaction force-sensor, the sensors being useable to calculate a gradient vector of surface reaction forces measured by the sensors, and a pressure pulse generator for directing waves of negative pressure pulses to air bladder cells along the path of the gradient vector to thus create a soliton traveling wave of support force reduction which travels in the direction the gradient vector.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus which has a multiplicity of individually inflatable and deflatable air bladder cells that are hermetically isolated from one another, and a wave generator including a pressure pulse generator and air bladder selector valves which introduces a wave of air pressure pulses into selected sequences of cells to thus create a traveling wave of body support force reduction directed along the gradient path.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus which has a multiplicity of individually inflatable and deflatable air bladder cells that are hermetically isolated from one another, and a wave generator which includes a pressure pulse generator and a selector valve mechanism which introduces pulses of air pressure sequentially into selected air bladder cells in a sequential fashion that produces a soliton traveling pressure wave in the air bladder cells which in turn causes the upper surfaces of the air bladder cells to produce thereon a corresponding soliton traveling wave of support force for a body supported on the upper surface of the air mattress.
  • the present invention comprehends a method and apparatus for alleviating formation of bed sores or decubitus sores on parts of the body of a person such as a medical patient who is supported in a relatively immobile recumbent position on a hospital bed for long periods of time.
  • the apparatus according to the present invention includes an air mattress which is constructed from individually inflatable and deflatable air bladder cells which are arranged in a rectangular array having an upper horizontal patient support surface.
  • the individual air bladder cells are inflated to suitable quiescent pressure levels which provide comfortable support for the body of a recumbent patient.
  • the quiescent or bias pressure levels of the several air bladder cells may be individually adjusted to values which minimize the sum of maximum reaction force concentrations exerted on the body of a patient, as measured by an array of force or pressure sensors which may be associated with the array of air bladder cells.
  • air pressure in each of the cells is cyclically varied in a manner which causes the support forces afforded by the mattress for a human body to have superimposed on quiescent static or bias values time-varying pressure components to thus produce soliton traveling waves of support force superimposed on the static support forces.
  • Soliton traveling wave components of a quiescent support force are produced by varying in a pre-determined time sequence air pressure in sequences of individual air bladder cells according to pre-determined programs which control pressurized air inlet to and exhausted from individual air bladder cells via electrically controlled valves.
  • soliton traveling wave of support force reduction which travels from the head-end towards the foot-end of the mattress
  • air pressure in a first laterally disposed zone of air bladder cells located at an end of the longitudinal axis of the mattress near the patient's head is momentarily reduced to produce a pressure reduction pulse, followed by a reduction of air pressure in air bladder cells located in longitudinal zones successively closer to the foot-end of the mattress, and so forth, until a pressure reduction pulse occurs in a last longitudinal zone of air bladder cells near the foot-end of the mattress.
  • the soliton traveling pressure wave pulse cycle and resultant soliton traveling support force wave cycle can be activated intermittently, such as once every hour, continuously in groups of several cycles periodically or in response to sensor measurements of reaction forces exerted on a patient.
  • the air bladder cell matrix will have at least two and preferably three parallel longitudinally disposed zones located side-by-side, and preferably have at least 3 and preferably 4 or more laterally disposed zones.
  • a 3 column X 4 row array of 12 air bladder cells which has four longitudinally arranged, laterally disposed zones each three-cells wide enables soliton traveling support force waves to be propagated longitudinally, i.e., head-to-foot, or foot-to-head, laterally, i.e., left-to-right and right-to-left, and obliquely.
  • the air pressure in individual air bladder cells, or in groups of cells, such as in all or some of the cells in a row or column can be temporarily varied from quiescent values of air pressure in a wide variation of time sequences to thus produce a wide variety of soliton waves of patient support forces which travel over the upper surface of the mattress.
  • the traveling soliton support wave patterns can be optimized to alleviate or minimize the formation of decubitus sores which can result from long periods of large static support pressures on parts of a patient's body.
  • the pressure in all three of the laterally arranged air bladder cells in the first, head-end longitudinal zone of a 3 X 4 matrix air mattress may be reduced from quiescent steady state values by a pulse of negative air pressure input to the cells in that zone for a period of several seconds.
  • air pressures in the cells may be restored to their original bias or quiescent values, which have been previously adjusted to provide comfortable support of a patient.
  • the traveling waves of air pressure reduction pulses in the air bladder cells can be performed as a single cycle, at pre-determined times, repeated for several cycles, or performed continuously for pre-determined time periods.
  • the time interval between an air pressure reduction pulse in one zone of air bladder cells and the initiation of an air pressure pulse in a subsequent zone in a pre-selected spatial sequence need not be zero, as it would be in a traveling wave which characterizes water waves, but may, for example, have a finite, selectable, value.
  • the duty cycle of a pulse generator used to activate air pressure control valves to thus apply a sequence of air pressure pulses to a sequence of air cell bladder zones can be as small as desired.
  • the time interval between successive pressure pulses applied to successive cells or group of cells can be as long as desired.
  • soliton traveling waves of air pressure pulses which decrease for pre-determined time intervals and repetition rate, the maximum reaction force concentrations on parts of a human body can be programmed to travel longitudinally from head-to-foot, as described in the simplified example above, or in the opposite, foot-to-head longitudinal direction on the mattress surface.
  • longitudinally traveling soliton body support force waves are produced by varying the air pressure simultaneously in each air bladder cell in a first transverse row of cells, subsequently varying the air pressure in the air bladder cells in a longitudinally adjacent row of cells, and so forth, until the soliton wave of support forces on parts of a patient's body has traversed the entire length or a selected segment of the length of the mattress.
  • air pressure in laterally adjacent or spaced apart longitudinally disposed columns of adjacent air bladder cells may be sequentially varied to produce laterally traveling waves of body support forces.
  • air pressure in obliquely located air bladder cells by sequentially varying air pressure in obliquely located air bladder cells, obliquely soliton traveling waves of body support forces may be generated using the soliton traveling wave air mattress according to the present invention.
  • an optional force sensor array which has individual surface reaction force sensors associated with individual air bladder cells, in vertical alignment with individual cells.
  • the array of reaction force sensors which produce electrical signals proportional to reaction forces exerted by the mattress on various parts of a patient's body supported by the individual cells, may be used to create a map of body reaction force concentrations.
  • the measured values of reaction forces may also be used to create a segmented measured reaction force gradient vector.
  • the reaction force gradient vector may then be used to calculate a path sequence for producing a soliton traveling wave of air pressure in a sequence of air bladder cells along the reaction force gradient vector.
  • a measured reaction force gradient vector may not necessarily include all of the air bladder cells in an array, and may in some cases be directed between non-adjacent air bladder cells, soliton traveling waves of air pressure may be directed individually to only a small number of the total air bladder cells in an array, some or all of which cells may be non-adjacent. In this way, patient body support reaction forces exerted by the air mattress may be momentarily and periodically reduced in an efficient manner which does not require varying air pressure in all of the air bladder cells in an array.
  • reaction force sensors determine that a maximum reaction force is exerted by a first cell, and the force gradient vector from that maximum is directed through three additional cells, some of which may be non-adjacent, an air pressure wave need be directed only to those four air bladder cells to thus create a soliton traveling support force reduction wave which travels over just the four cells.
  • the four cells need not necessarily be vertically or horizontally aligned, or adjacent to one another.
  • a basic embodiment of the soliton traveling wave air mattress which need not have reaction force sensors, may also be programmed to simulate relaxing motions.
  • longitudinal traveling soliton support pressure waves in the mattress may be programmed to simulate motions corresponding to floating on a surf wave, and may be accompanied by surf sounds.
  • laterally traveling soliton support force pressure waves can be programmed to simulate gentle rolling or rocking motions of a boat and may be accompanied by water sloshing sounds and/or sounds simulating creaking oarlocks.
  • FIG 1 is a perspective, partly diagrammatic view of a basic embodiment 10 of a soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes an air mattress 20 and a mattress inflation control apparatus 27.
  • mattress 20 has in upper plan view an outline shape similar to that of a typical hospital mattress, i.e., a longitudinally elongated rectangle having a length of about 80 inches and a width of about 30 to 36 inches.
  • the exact dimensions and shape of mattress 20 are not critical, and may differ from the example given.
  • mattress 20 has a generally flat rectangular base panel 21 which may be made of a sheet of a durable flexible plastic material such as polyurethane or polyvinyl.
  • Base panel 21 has protruding upwards therefrom a longitudinally arranged series of laterally elongated, rectangular plan view air bladder cells 22.
  • each air bladder cell 22 extends from the left-hand longitudinally disposed edge 23 to the right-hand edge 24 of mattress 20.
  • air bladder cells 22 when air bladder cells 22 are inflated, e.g., to a pressure of about 1 psi gauge, the cells have in a vertical longitudinal sectional view generally the shape of a laterally elongated semi-cylinder which has an arcuately curved, convex upper semi-cylindrical surface 25 that extends upwards from base panel 21.
  • transverse cross-sectional shape and size of air bladder cells 22 is not critical, a typical size and shape for use in a 80 inch X 36 inch mattress having 6 laterally disposed air cells would be a semi-cylinder having a base diameter of about 13 inches and a length of about 36 inches, as shown in Figures 1 and 2A .
  • edges 26 of the air bladder cells 22 may contact each other, or as shown in Figures 1 and 2A , edges 26 may optionally be spaced longitudinally apart a short distance, e.g., 1 inch.
  • traveling wave air mattress apparatus 10 includes a mattress inflation control apparatus 27 for inflating and deflating air bladder cells 22 to individual pressure levels which provide comfortable support for a person supported by mattress 20.
  • Apparatus 10 also includes a wave generator apparatus 44 for varying air pressure in inflatable air bladder cells 22 in a manner which results in a soliton traveling wave of support-force to propagate on the upper surface 28 of the mattress formed by the upper surfaces 25 of air bladder cells 22.
  • mattress 20 is enclosed by a soft fabric mattress cover, and an optional thin layer of foam rubber between the upper surface of air bladder cells 22 and an inside surface of the mattress cover.
  • wave generator apparatus 44 is used to produce a soliton traveling wave of support force for the body of a person supported on the upper surface 28 of mattress 20 by sequentially varying the air pressure in selected paths of individual air bladder cells 22, for example from the head-end to the foot-end of the mattress, in predetermined time sequences.
  • mattress inflation level control apparatus 27 includes a source of pressurized air 30, which is preferably an air compressor but may optionally be a tank containing a pressurized gas such as air or nitrogen.
  • Air pressure source 30, which is preferably a compressor driven by an electric motor 55, has an outlet port 31 connected through an outlet tube 32 to the inlet port 33 of a selector manifold 34.
  • Selector manifold 34 has multiple outlet ports 35, e.g., six outlet ports 35-1, 35-2, 35-3, 35-4, 35-5 and 35-6, which are individually connected through tubes to the inlet ports 36-1 through 36-6 of a group of cell selector valves 37-1 through 37-6.
  • Each cell selector valve 37 which may be a simple on/off gate valve, has an outlet port 38 which is connected to a first, e.g., upper inlet tube port 39 of a Y-tube coupler 40.
  • Each Y-tube coupler 40 has a second, lower inlet tube port 41 and an outlet tube port 42 which is connected to an inflation port 43 of an individual air bladder cell 22.
  • outlet tube port 42-1 of Y-tube coupler 40-1 is connected with air pressure-tight fittings to air inlet port 43-1 of the first, head-end air bladder cell 22-1 of traveling wave air mattress 20, and so forth.
  • each cell inflation selector valve 37 is controlled by electrical signals issued by an electronic control module 51 to inflate and deflate individual air bladder cells 22 to quiescent values which provide comfortable support for a person reclining on mattress 20.
  • wave generator apparatus 44 includes a pressure pulse generator 45 for creating negative and optionally positive pulses of air pressure in an outlet port 46 which are conducted to second, lower inlet port tubes 41 of Y-tube couplers 40.
  • the output port 46 of pressure pulse generator 45 communicates with a source of pressurized air, such as a closed chamber part of a cylinder located on a side of a piston or diaphragm which is longitudinally movable in the cylinder in response to forces exerted on the piston by a linear actuator.
  • Wave generator apparatus 44 includes a wave generator controller 44A for issuing electrical command signals to pressure pulse generator 45 and other components of the wave generator apparatus.
  • Wave generator controller 44A is preferably a computer, microprocessor, or programmable logic controller (PLC), and preferably communicates with or is optionally replaced by a computer 52 of inflation control apparatus 27.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • the magnitude of the negative air pulses need not be any greater than the maximum intended inflation pressure of any air bladder cell 22.
  • the negative pulse-generating capability of pressure pulse generator 45 should be sufficient to draw all of the air from an air bladder cell 22, e.g., about 1.38 cubic feet, within a pre-determined maximum time limit, e.g., 10 seconds.
  • the exhaustion rate of pressure pulse generator 45 may be less, since some modes of operation of the invention envision only a fractional reduction of the pressure in an air bladder cell 22 from a quiescent value, e.g., one-half.
  • a single pressure pulse generator 45 within wave generator 44 may be used in conjunction with pulse selector valve array 47 to route negative or positive pulses of air pressure to selected air bladder cells 22.
  • pressure pulse generator 45 has a single outlet port 46 which is connected through a manifold 48 and pressure pulse selector valves 49 of valve array 47 to second, lower inlet port tubes 41 of selectable Y-tube couplers 40.
  • Each pulse selector valve 49 which may be a simple on/off gate valve, is controlled by electrical signals issued by wave generator controller 44A.
  • mattress inflation control apparatus 27 includes an electronic control module 51 for adjusting the static or quiescent inflation pressure levels of air bladder cells 22 to values which provide comfortable support to a person lying on the upper surface 28 of air mattress 20, and for controlling functions of wave generator 44.
  • electronic control module 51 preferably includes a computer 52 or a similar programmable electronic component such as a microprocessor or programmable logic controller (PLC) which emits through an interface module 53 command signals for actuating various components of the apparatus 27, such as compressor 30, cell inflation selector valves 37 and optionally pulse selector valves 49.
  • Computer 52 may also receives through interface module 53 various feedback signals such as valve configuration and compressor outlet pressure from a pressure transducer 54, etc.
  • the system 10 may include less or more complexity and cost-increasing components.
  • a low-cost soliton traveling wave mattress 20 intended for recreational or relaxation purposes according to the present invention would not require body support-force sensors
  • embodiments of the invention intended for use in hospital environments would desirably include a force sensor array that used at least one force sensor associated with each air bladder cell of the mattress, to monitor reaction support forces exerted by the air bladder cells on the body of a patient.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates a modification 10B of the traveling wave air mattress 10 according to the present invention.
  • each of the air bladder cells 22B of modified air mattress 20B has in addition to inlet port 43 a second inlet port 43B for connection directly to a separate pulse selector valve 49.
  • This construction eliminates a requirement for Y-tube couplers 40, since each cell pulse selector valve 37 may be connected directly to a separate bladder cell inflation port 43B.
  • the embodiment which employs Y-couplers as shown in Figures 1 and 2A is preferred, because it minimizes the number of tubes connected to mattress 20.
  • Figure 3A is a timing diagram showing a typical pattern of variation of air pressure in individual transverse rows of air bladder cells 22 of the basic, relaxational embodiment of soliton traveling wave air mattress system 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2A .
  • mattress inflation control apparatus 27 is first directed by computer 52 to switch on electrical power to drive motor 55 of air compressor 30.
  • computer 52 By employing command signals issued from computer 52 through interface module 53 to air bladder cell selector valves 37, individual air bladder cells 22-1, 22-2, 22-3, 22-4, 22-5 and 22-6 may be inflated to pre-determined air pressure values monitored by compressor pressure transducer 54.
  • the initial quiescent or bias values of pressure to which individual air bladder cells 22 are inflated need not all be the same.
  • command signals may be initiated by computer 52 and issued through interface module 53 and a wave generator controller 44A to initiate operation of wave generator 44.
  • a first step in the operation of wave generator 44 would be to actuate a first pressure pulse selector valve 49 of pressure pulse generator 45 to thus provide an air flow path between outlet port 46 of pressure pulse generator 45 through lower inlet port tube 41-1 of Y-tube coupler 40-1 to air inlet port 43-1 of first air bladder cell 22-1.
  • pressure pulse generator 45 is powered on at a time T1 in response to a command signal from computer 52.
  • applying power to pressure pulse generator 45 causes a solenoid, pneumatic actuator cylinder or stepper motor-driven linear actuator to move a diaphragm or piston 183 in a closed cylinder 180 which has on a first active side 188 of the piston 183 a port 146 connected through a pulse selector valve 215 of pulse selector valve array 47 to the second, lower inlet port tube 41-1 of Y-junction coupler 40-1 connected to inflation port 43-1 of air bladder cell 22-1.
  • Pressure pulse generator 45 may also have located on a second, down-stroke side 181 of piston 183 a second, storage chamber 61, which may be optionally connected through air-tight fittings and an optional valve to a pneumatic accumulator 62.
  • a first air pressure pulse 63-1 emitted by pressure pulse generator 45 and conducted to a first air bladder cell 22-1 has generally an amplitude which varies as a function of time as the negative half of a sine wave.
  • the shape of air pressure pulse 63 may optionally be varied under computer control to approximate that of a rectangle, trapezoid, triangle, or other such shape.
  • the magnitude of air pressure pulse 63 is variable under computer control to a desired value, but typically would be about half or less than the maximum quiescent or bias pressure level in a given air bladder cell or group of air bladder cells. For example, for a quiescent air pressure level of 1 psi in a cell 22 of mattress 20, the amplitude of air pressure pulse 63 would typically be about 0.5 psi or less.
  • first air pressure pulse 63-1 is a negative-going pulse that temporarily reduces the air pressure in air bladder cell 22-1. It is envisioned that for use of mattress 20 in hospital beds or other such therapeutic applications, the pulse of air pressure produced by pressure pulse generator 45 would typically be negative, to thus temporarily reduce the reaction force exerted on a patient's body by a particular air bladder cell 22 or a group of air bladder cells 22. However, as shown in Figure 3B , the pulse generator 45 can be configured and commanded to alternatively produce positive-going pressure pulses 64, for applications such as relaxational uses of mattress 20.
  • the period of pulse 63 may be adjusted to any suitable value under computer control.
  • the time interval between the beginning, T1 and the end, T2 of pressure pulse 63 shown in line 1 of Figure 3A can be any desired value, e.g., several seconds to several minutes or longer.
  • pulse generator 45 is used to apply a second air pressure pulse 63-2 in a sequence of air pressure pulses to a second air bladder cell 22-2 at a programable time T3.
  • Beginning time T3 of second pulse 63-2 may be coincident with the end of pulse 63-1, or delayed to occur at any desired programmable time period later than T2, e.g., 1 second, several seconds, or longer.
  • successive air pressure pulses 63-3, 63-4, 63-5, and 63-6 may be applied to air bladder cells 22-3, 22-4, 22-5 and 22-6, which cells are located progressively further towards the foot-end of air mattress 20 from the head-end air bladder cell 22-1.
  • a negative pressure wave is produced in a continuous sequence of air bladder cells 22-1 through 22-6 to thus produce a soliton traveling wave of reduction in support force for the body of a person supported by air mattress 20.
  • characteristics of the traveling pressure wave produced by pressure pulse generator 45 of pressure wave generator 44 and hence characteristics of soliton traveling body force support waves may readily be modified in real time by suitably programming computer 52.
  • the traveling pressure wave may be programmed to skip over selected air bladder cells, such as even cells 22-2, 22-4, by not applying negative pressure pulses to those cells.
  • apparatus 10 may be programmed to produce sequences of air pressure pulses which travel in any arbitrary path between air bladder cells 22.
  • pressure pulses produced by pressure pulse generator 45 may optionally be positive-going (64-1 through 64-6) rather than negative-going, provided the quiescent pressure levels of air bladder cells 22 are initially adjusted to values less than maximum inflation levels.
  • pressure wave generator 44 may optionally be directed by computer 52 to produce overlapping pressure pulses, parts of which are applied simultaneously to more than two cells or zones of cells to thus produce an overlapping soliton body support-force wave.
  • the initiation time T3 of a of second air pressure pulse 63-2 may occur between beginning and ending times T1 and T2 of first air pressure pulse 63-1, to thus produce a composite soliton traveling support wave pulse which begins at T1 and ends at T4, and is longer than the individual pulses shown in Figure 3A .
  • the pulse generator 45 may be programmed to cause some or all of the air bladder cells 22 that have received a pulse of air pressure variation to retain the pressure level in the cell at its maximum changed value, or at a value intermediate between the initial quiescent level and the maximum changed level.
  • Pressure wave generator 44 may also be directed by computer 52 to produce two or more traveling support force waves which travel simultaneously on the upper surface 28 of mattress 20.
  • wave generator 44 may sequentially apply air pressure pulses to longitudinally descending and ascending pairs of air bladder cells, a first soliton traveling wave of support force may be launched on upper surface 28 an air mattress 20, which travels from the head-end to the foot-end of the mattress, and a second soliton traveling wave of support force launched simultaneously, which travels from the foot-end to the head-end of the mattress.
  • the foregoing pair of simultaneous traveling soliton support waves may be produced by simultaneously applying pulses of air pressure to the following pairs of cells; (22-1 and 22-6), (22-2 and 22-5), (22-3 and 22-4), (22-3 and 22-4), (22-2 and 22-5), and (22-1 and 22-6).
  • Figure 4 illustrates a second modification 20C of air mattress 20 shown in Figures 1 and 2A , which has a series of six longitudinally arranged, transversely disposed rows, each having 2 side-by-side air bladder cells 22C, for a total of 12 air bladder cells.
  • Figure 5 illustrates another modification 20D of air mattress 20 shown in Figures 1 and 2A , which has six transversely disposed rows of 4 side-by-side air bladder cells 22D, for a total of 24 air bladder cells.
  • the soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus may be programmed to launch pairs of soliton support force waves which travel simultaneously in opposite directions on the upper surface of the air mattress.
  • pressure wave generator 44 may be directed by computer 52 to produce laterally moving soliton traveling support force waves on the surface of an air mattress having multiple columns of air bladder cells, such as the mattresses shown in Figures 4 and 5 .
  • two or more traveling soliton support waves may be simultaneously launched on the mattresses having multiple columns, and these waves can include simultaneously existing pairs of longitudinally traveling waves, laterally traveling waves, or combinations of simultaneous longitudinally and laterally traveling waves.
  • wave generator apparatus 44 may be used as an accessory with an existing air mattress apparatus which includes a multi-cell air mattress 20 and an associated inflation control apparatus 27, by interconnecting the wave generator apparatus to the inflation control apparatus using Y-couplers 40.
  • computer 51 of inflation controls module 51 can provide a signal to wave generator controller 44A indicating when adjustment of quiescent air pressures in air bladder cells 22 has been achieved by the inflation control apparatus 27, whereupon pulse pressure sequences causing soliton traveling wave support force waves may be initiated by pressure pulse generator 45.
  • Figures 6 and 7A illustrate an embodiment 110 of a soliton traveling wave air mattress according to the present invention, which is a modification of the basic embodiment 10 and is suitable for use in hospitals, nursing homes and similar facilities.
  • modified soliton traveling wave apparatus 110 includes a mattress 120 which may be similar in construction to the basic mattress embodiment 20 shown in Figure 1 and described above.
  • the mattress shown in Figures 6 and 7 is shown to have 6 transversely disposed, non-subdivided air bladder cells.
  • mattress 120 actually includes a rectangular matrix of air bladder cells 122 as shown in Figures 4 and 5 , rather then a single column of transversely disposed rows of air bladder cells, which enables air pressure and hence body support forces to vary only in a single, longitudinal head-to-toe direction.
  • air mattress 120 intended for use in hospitals would have as shown in Figure 4 at least two and preferably three, four, or more separate laterally disposed columnar zones of air bladder cells, as shown in Figure 5 .
  • an example air mattress 120 has six different transversely disposed, longitudinally ordered zones which span the head-to-toe length of the mattress.
  • Each of the six transversely disposed rows of air bladder cells 122 is partitioned into four rectangular air bladder cells, each of which is hermetically isolated from all other air bladder cells.
  • each of the air bladder cells 122-1 through 122-24 there is a rectangular matrix array of 24 rectangularly-shaped air bladder cells 122-1 through 122-24, each of which is hermetically isolated from all of the other air bladder cells in the array.
  • This construction enables each of the air bladder cells 122-1 through 122-24 to be separately inflated and deflated to individually adjustable bias or quiescent levels.
  • Apparatus 110 also has an inflation control apparatus 127 and a pressure wave generator 144 that enables air pressure pulses to be applied to individual air bladder cells 122 or groups of cells, in any desired combination and sequence.
  • traveling wave air mattress 110 includes a force sensor array 170.
  • Force sensor array 170 is comprised of a group of individual flexible surface reaction force sensors 171-1 through 171-24, each of which is fastened in vertical alignment with a separate one of air bladder cells 122-1 through 122-24.
  • Each sensor 171-1 through 171-24 is a two-terminal device which has a first output terminal 172-1 - 172-24 that is connected to an individual lead wire 173-1 through 173-24.
  • Each sensor 171 also has a second output terminal 174-1 -174-24 which is connected to an individual lead wire 175-1 though 175-24.
  • the sensors 171-1 through 171-24 may be interconnected in an X-Y matrix, using 6 row-connector lead wires 176-1 through 176-6, and 4 column-connector lead wires 177-1 through 177-4. In either arrangement, the lead wires are used to connect sensors 171 to a sensor interface module 176 of inflation control apparatus 127.
  • Sensors 171-1 through 171-24 of sensor array 170 are used to monitor reaction support forces exerted on various parts of the body of a person supported by air bladder cells 122-1 through 122-24 of traveling wave air mattress 120.
  • computer 152 of inflation control apparatus 127 At a pre-determined time after initial adjustment of quiescent air pressure levels in air bladder cells 122-1 through 122-24, computer 152 of inflation control apparatus 127 generates pre-determined patterns of pressure pulses which when applied to the air bladder cells, result in production of soliton traveling waves of patient body-support forces that travel on the upper surface 28 of the mattress.
  • air pressure pulses generated by pressure pulse generator 145 may in general be similar to those of the pulses described above for the basic embodiment 10 of the traveling wave air mattress.
  • air bladder cells 122-1 through 122-24 of air mattress 120 have distinct laterally separated as well as longitudinally separated locations, traveling pressure waves and hence traveling soliton body support-force variation waves can be directed laterally and obliquely as well as longitudinally on the surface of the mattress.
  • surface reaction force sensor array 170 of air mattress apparatus 110 may be used to calculate in real time paths for reaction force support waves which can minimize long-term large-magnitude reaction forces which might be exerted on a patient's body, and thus further aid in preventing formation of decubitus sores.
  • Figure 8 is a diagrammatic upper plan view of a two-column by six row modification or part of air mattress 120.
  • Hypothetical example values of measured patient body support reaction forces are listed in Table 1.
  • a surface reaction force gradient vector is constructed using the pressure/force map values of Table 1. The tail end of the gradient vector is located in air bladder cell number 122-1, since the highest surface reaction force, 1.5 kilopascals (kPa) was measured by sensor 171-1 in cell 122-1.
  • the second highest reaction force of 1.4 kPa was measured in cell number 122-4, so the first segment of the gradient vector V is directed from cell 122-1 to cell 122-4.
  • the third highest reaction force of 1.3 kPa was measured in cell number 122-7, so the second segment of gradient vector V is directed from cell 122-4 to cell 122-7.
  • the fourth highest reaction force of 1.1 kPa was measured in cell number 122-12, so the third segment of gradient force vector V is directed from cell 122-7 to cell 122-12.
  • the segmented gradient force vector V measured and calculated as above is used to direct computer 52 to generate a pressure reduction wave which is applied consecutively to air bladder cells 122-1, 122-4, 122-7 and 122-12, thus producing a soliton traveling surface support reaction force reduction wave which follows the measured reaction force gradient.
  • Figure 9 illustrates an example of a pressure pulse wave 163 which is applied by wave generator apparatus 144 to traveling wave air mattress 120 along the path of a gradient vector V calculated by computer 152 from reaction forces exerted on a patient's body and measured by sensors 171.
  • traveling pressure pulse ware 163 is created by applying a first pulse 163A of negative pressure created by pressure pulse generator 145 to air bladder cell 122-1 between times T1 and T2.
  • a second pulse of negative pressure 163B is applied to air bladder 122-4 and continued until T4.
  • a third negative air pressure pulse 163C is applied to air bladder cell 7 between times T5 and T6, and a fourth and final negative air pressure pulse 163D is applied to air bladder cell 122-12 between times T7 and T8.
  • the sequence of four negative air pressure pulses 163A, 163B, 163C and 163D applied to air bladder cells 122-1, 122-4, 122-7 and 122-12, respectively, creates a soliton traveling wave of patient body support-force reduction.
  • the air bladder cell air pressure reduction soliton traveling wave is directed to follow the patient reaction support force gradient vector.
  • soliton traveling body support-force variation wave by a sequence of pressure reduction pulses applied to air bladder cells 122
  • pressures exerted on a patient's body by other air bladder cells in contrast to total support forces, may increase, since the total support-forces are proportional to the fixed weight of a patient supported by the mattress and hence are constant over time intervals.
  • the soliton traveling wave of support-force reduction, or patient movement may shift the distribution of body reaction support-forces at the end of a soliton traveling wave cycle.
  • sensor array 170 would desirably be used to continuously monitor body support reaction forces over the entire surface of mattress 120, to thus determine whether an initially measured force gradient has shifted location, whereupon successive cycles of soliton traveling support force reduction may be propagated along the paths of newly determined body support -force gradient vectors.
  • Figure 10 is a partly diagrammatic view of pressure wave generator 144, which may be substantially similar in construction to pressure wave generator 44.
  • pressure wave generator 144 includes a pressure pulse generator 145 that has a longitudinally elongated, hollow circular cross-section cylinder 180 which has disposed through its length a coaxial cylindrical inner bore 181. Bore 181 is sealed at a first, head-end of cylinder 180 by a transversely disposed circular disk-shaped cylinder head 182, which has disposed through its thickness dimension an air passageway which comprises an outlet port 146.
  • bore 181 of pressure wave generator cylinder 180 has therewithin a circular disk-shaped piston 183.
  • Piston 183 has an outer wall surface 184 which longitudinally slidably contacts in a hermetic seal the inner cylindrical wall surface 185 of cylinder 180.
  • piston 183 of pressure pulse generator 145 has extending longitudinally away from base end surface 190 of the piston a tubular drive shaft 191 which extends longitudinally outwards of lower transverse annular base or end wall 189 of cylinder 180.
  • Pressure pulse generator 145 includes a force actuator 192 to drive piston drive shaft 191 and piston 183 longitudinally rearward within cylinder 180 to thereby produce within active chamber 188 of the cylinder a negative pressure pulse.
  • Force actuator 192 also has the capability of moving piston drive shaft 191 forward within bore 181 of cylinder 180 to thus restore piston 183 to its original longitudinal location within bore 181 of cylinder 180.
  • force actuator 192 may consist of a rotary motor coupled to the outer end 193 of piston drive shaft 191 by an eccentric coupler such as a crank.
  • force actuator 192 has a different design and construction which provides more control of the characteristics of pressure pulses produced by movement of piston 183 in cylinder 180.
  • piston drive shaft 191 of pressure pulse generator 145 has a hollow tubular construction which includes an elongated circular cross-section bore 194 that extends through the outer, rear transverse annular end wall 195 of the piston drive shaft.
  • the piston drive shaft 191 has fixed within the lower end of bore 194 thereof a cylindrically-shaped follower or jack screw nut 195 which has through its thickness dimension a coaxial threaded bore 196.
  • Bore 196 of follower or jack screw nut 195 receives threadingly therein an elongated threaded lead-screw or jack-screw 197 which is rotatably driven by a stepper motor 198.
  • Stepper motor 198 receives drive signals from a stepper motor drive electronic module 199 of a wave generator controller 144A which receives command signals from computer 152.
  • This construction of the pressure wave force actuator facilitates repositioning the rest position of piston 183 within cylinder bore 181 to a rearward or retracted position, so that the piston drive shaft 191 and piston 183 can be extended forward to produce positive pressure pulses in outlet port 146, followed at the end of a pulse by retraction to a rearward quiescent position which reduces pressure in an air bladder cell to its quiescent pressure value.
  • pressure pulse generator 145 includes optional components which enable it to introduce negative or positive air pressure pulses into individually selectable air bladder cells 122 that may be initially inflated to different quiescent pressures, and restore the inflation level to the initial quiescent pressure level at the end of a pressure pulse.
  • outlet port 146 of pressure pulse generator 145 is connected through a cylinder isolation valve 200 through a tubular connector fitting 201 to the inlet port 202 of a pulse selector valve array manifold 203.
  • Cylinder isolation valve 200 has a value actuator control input terminal lead 215 which is connected to a command signal output terminal of wave generator controller 144A.
  • the pressure pulse generator 145 includes a cell pressure sampling pressure transducer 204 which has a pressure probe 205 that communicates with a hollow cylindrical bore space 206 of tubular fitting 201 that is located between pulse selector valve array manifold 203 and cylinder isolation valve 200.
  • Cell pressure transducer 204 has an output terminal lead 207 which is connected to wave generator controller 144A, which has a command signal output terminal that is connected to stepper motor electronic drive module 199.
  • Wave generator controller 144A is also connected to a signal input interface port of computer 152, to provide coordination between the computer and wave generator controller.
  • pressure pulse generator 145 also has a pulse generator cylinder pressure sampling transducer 208 which has a pressure probe 209 that communicates with active chamber head space 188 of bore 181 of cylinder 180. Cylinder pressure sampling transducer 208 has an output terminal lead 210 which is connected to a signal input interface port of wave generator controller 144A.
  • pressure pulse generator 145 has a cylinder bleed valve 211 which has an inlet port 212 that communicates with active chamber 188 of cylinder 181, an outlet port 213 which communicates with the atmosphere, and an electrical valve actuation control input terminal lead 214 which is connected to a command signal output interface terminal of wave generator controller 144A.
  • pulse generator may include a manifold isolation valve 216 between tubular fitting 201 and pulse selector manifold 203.
  • computer 152 issues a command which is transmitted through wave generator controller 144A to open a selected one of pulse selector valves 149 that is connected to a selected air bladder cell 122 which is to receive a pulse of air pressure, and to open optional manifold isolation valve 216.
  • cell pressure sampling transducer 204 is used to measure the value of quiescent air pressure in the selected air bladder cell 122.
  • cylinder air pressure sampling transducer 208 is used to measure cylinder air pressure in active chamber 188 of cylinder 180.
  • the difference in air pressures measured by air bladder cell pressure transducer 204, and cylinder air pressure measured by cylinder air pressure transducer 208 is computed by wave generator controller 144A or computer 152. If the measured air pressure in cylinder active chamber 188 is less than the quiescent air pressure in a selected air bladder cell 122, a command signal is issued to stepper motor controller 199 which causes piston drive shaft 191 and piston 183 to be extended forward within cylinder 180 to increase air pressure in active chamber 188 of the cylinder until it is equal to the quiescent air pressure in the selected air bladder cell 122.
  • piston 183 may be extended forward in cylinder bore 181 from position 3 to position 2 in Figure 10 .
  • This longitudinal position of piston 183, where the pressures in cylinder 180 and a selected air bladder cell 122 are equalized, is defined as a first home position for the piston, prior to production of a pulse of pressurized by air pressure pulse generator 145, and introduction of the pulse of pressurized air into a selected air bladder cell 122.
  • Cylinder bleed valve 211 may also receive command signals from wave generator controller 144A to enable air flow between cylinder chamber 188 and the atmosphere, to thus facilitate pressure equalization.
  • cylinder isolation valve 200 is opened in response to a command signal issued through waves generator controller 144A by computer 152, which also causes a command signal to issue to stepper motor driver 199. If the command signal from computer 152 is to reduce air pressure in a selected air bladder cell 122 by producing a negative pressure pulse, piston 183 is retracted to a position such as positions 3, 4 or 5. If the command signal from computer 152 is to increase pressure in a selected air bladder cell 122, piston 183 is extended forward to a longitudinal location such as position 1 in Figure 10 . In either case, cylinder isolation valve 200 and optional manifold isolation valve 216 remain open during the initial movement of piston 183.
  • piston 183 is commanded to move in a direction opposite to its direction at the beginning of an air pressure pulse. For example, if the air pressure in a selected air bladder cell is to be restored to the value which it had at the beginning of a pressure pulse, piston 183 would be returned to the initial home position, such as location 2 in Figure 10 . However, if it is desired to return the air pressure in a selected air bladder cell 122 to a new quiescent value different from an original quiescent value, piston 183 is moved to a different location at the end of a pressure-pulse cycle.
  • pulse selector valve 149 the pulse selector valve 149, optional manifold isolation valve 216, and cylinder isolation valve 200 are closed in response to command signals received from wave generator controller 144A.
  • each pulse selector valve 149 is coupled to the inlet port 143 of an air bladder cell 122 through the input tube 141 and a Y-coupler 140 which also has an input tube 139 which is coupled to an inflation control apparatus 127 that is used to initially inflate the air bladder cells to initial quiescent pressure values which provide comfortable support to a patient.
  • pressure pulse generator 145 may optionally be used to inflate and deflate air bladder cells 122 to initial quiescent pressure values prior to initiation of the seven-step wave generation process described above.
  • pulse selector valves 149 perform a dual function, initially adjusting quiescent pressure levels in individual air bladder cells 122, and subsequently introducing a sequence of pressure pulses into the air bladder cells to create a traveling support force wave.
  • pulse selector valves 149 perform a dual function, initially adjusting quiescent pressure levels in individual air bladder cells 122, and subsequently introducing a sequence of pressure pulses into the air bladder cells to create a traveling support force wave.
  • the pressure pulse generator 145 of the pressure wave generator 144 described above requires a piston/cylinder displacement volume at least as large as the maximum volume of air which is intended to be simultaneously input to or removed from one or more air bladder cells 22 or 122 Consequently, pressure pulse generator 145 is ideally suited for use with air mattresses having a relatively large number e.g., 12 to 24 or more, of relatively small air bladder cells.
  • air mattresses which have a relatively small number, e.g., 4 to 6 of relatively large air bladder cells
  • the displacement requirements for single piston stroke deflation or inflation of one or more air bladder cells may require that the displacement volume and hence size of cylinder 180 of air pulse generator be undesirably large for some applications.
  • FIG. 1 For example, for an air mattresses 20 of the type shown in Figure 1 which has 6 air bladder cells 22 which have a semi-cylindrical shape when inflated to a normal bias pressure of 14.7 lbs./in 2 (101.3 kPascals), i.e., 1 atmosphere, a diameter of 13 inches and a lateral length of 3 feet, the volume of each air bladder cell would be about 1.276 cubic feet. Therefore, the volume of cylinder 180 of air pulse generator 185 shown in Figure 10 would need to be 1.276 cubic feet or larger, if operation of the pulse generator required complete deflation or re-inflation of a single air bladder cell 22 with a single stroke of piston 183 within cylinder 180.
  • An embodiment of a wave generator of the present invention which is useful for creating traveling support force waves in air mattresses having relatively large air bladder cells is shown in Figures 11A and 11B .
  • an embodiment of wave generator 244 useful for deflating and re-inflating air bladder cells 22 of a relatively large air mattress 20 of the type shown in Figure 1 has an air pulse generator 245 that includes an air pump 280 which has a vacuum inlet port 281 and a pressure output port 282.
  • An example of a suitable type of air pump 280 for use in the present application is a linear air pump which uses a magnet moving in response to time varying electromagnetic force fields produced by an alternating current to drive a piston in a reciprocating motion within a cylinder.
  • Such pumps are described in further detail in " Mechanisms And Mechanical Devices Sourcebook.” 5th Edition by Neil Sclater, McGraw-Hill, New York 2011, page 374 .
  • powering air pump 280 with alternating current at a 60 Hz line frequency results in 60 pulses per second of negative air pressure occurring in inlet port 281 of the pump, and positive pulses of air pressure occurring in outlet port 282 at the same frequency but shifted 180 degrees in phase from the negative air pulses at inlet port 281.
  • soliton traveling wave generator 244 includes a pressure pulse routing assembly 290 comprised of routing valves and air conduits which are interconnected between linear air pump 280 of air pulse generator 245, and pulse selector valves 249 on pulse selector manifold 246.
  • Pressure-pulse routing assembly 290 connects negative air pressure inlet port 281 of air pump 280 to a selected air bladder cell 22 during the initial, negative-going part of a negative pressure pulse applied to an air bladder cell, and connects the air bladder cell to positive pressure at outlet port 282 of the pump during the final, positive-going part of a negative pressure pulse.
  • pressure-pulse routing assembly 290 includes three 2-way or diverter-type valves which are all similar in construction and function.
  • wave generator apparatus 244 includes a first, pump inlet router valve 291 which has an output port 292 that is connected to inlet port 281 of pump 280 by a tubular pressure-tight tube 293.
  • Pump inlet router valve 291 has a first, upper selector-manifold inlet port 294 which is connected to a second, selector manifold router valve 311.
  • Selector manifold router valve 311 is connected to inlet port 246 of manifold 248 by a tubular pressure-tight tube 297.
  • Pump inlet router valve 291 also has a second, supply-air inlet port 298.
  • pump inlet router valve 291 has an internal valve plate 299 which is pivotably movable by a solenoid actuator 300 in response to an electrical control signal input to an input terminal 301 of the actuator, which is connected by an electrical wire to a first valve control output port 302 of wave generator controller 244A.
  • valve plate 299 has a first pivotable position in which the valve plate is pivoted counterclockwise to block air flow to supply-air inlet port 298, and to permit air flow between selector manifold inlet port 294 and outlet port 292 of the valve.
  • negative air pressure pulses at inlet port 281 of pump 280 are transmitted through pump inlet router valve 291, through selector manifold router valve 311, and through a pulse selector valve 249 of pulse selector manifold 248 to a selected air bladder cell 22, thus enabling air to be withdrawn from the air bladder cell through the port 43 of the air bladder cell, which is connected to the selector valve during the first, negative going part of a negative pressure pulse produced by air pump 280.
  • the air pump 280 produces a sequence of pressure pulses at a line frequency rate, e.g., 60 Hz
  • a negative pressure pulse selected by wave generator controller 244A to have a length of 1 second will actually consist of 1 second long pulse modulated at 60 Hz, i.e., a one-second long train of 60 pulses.
  • Pulse selector manifold router valve 311 has a common outlet port 312 which is connected by a hermetically sealed coupling to input port 246 of pulse selector manifold 248.
  • Pulse selector manifold router valve has a first, upper outlet port 313 which is connected to upper inlet port 294 of pump inlet router valve 201 by a tubular pressure-tight coupler 314.
  • Pulse selector manifold router valve 311 also has a second, lower outlet port 315.
  • pulse selector manifold router valve 311 has an internal valve plate 319 which is pivotably moveable by a solenoid actuator 320 in response to an electrical control signal input to an input terminal 321 of the actuator which is connected by an electrical wire to a second valve control output port 322 of wave generator controller 244A.
  • valve plate 319 has a first pivotable position in which the valve plate is pivoted clockwise to block air flow between lower output pulse selector manifold port 246 and lower port 315 of pulse selector manifold router valve 311. As shown in Figure 11A , with valve plate 319 in this position, there is an unobstructed air flow path between manifold output port 246, through valve 311 to input port 294 of pump inlet valve 291, and thence into inlet port 281 of pump 280,
  • pulse routing assembly 290 of wave generator 244 includes a third, pump outlet router valve 331 which has an inlet port 332 that is connected to outlet port 282 of pump 280 by a tubular pressure-tight tube 333.
  • Pump outlet router valve 331 has a first, upper outlet port 334 which is connected by a tubular pressure-tight tube 335 to the lower inlet port 315 of pulse selector manifold router valve 311.
  • Pump outlet router valve 331 also has a second, lower exhaust outlet port 336.
  • pump outlet router valve 331 has an internal valve plate 339 which is pivotably moveable by a solenoid actuator 340 in response to an electrical control signal input to an input terminal 341 of the actuator, which is connected by an electrical wire to a third valve controller output port 342 of wave generator controller 244A.
  • valve plate 339 has a first pivotable position in which the valve plate is pivoted clockwise to block air flow between outlet port 282 of pump 280 and lower input port 315 of pulse selector manifold router valve 311. In this position, there is an unobstructed air flow path between pump outlet port 282 and lower outlet port 336 of pump outlet router valve 331.
  • pump 280 causes air to be withdrawn from a selected air bladder cell 22 into pump inlet 281 and discharged from pump outlet port 282 through output port 336 of pump outlet router valve 331.
  • Outlet port 336 of pump outlet router valve 331 may optionally open directly to the atmosphere.
  • outlet port 336 is connected to a first port 341 of a three-way tubular Y-junction or T-junction coupler 340.
  • a second port 342 of coupler 340 is coupled through a tube 344 to lower input port 298 of pump inlet router valve 291.
  • a third port of coupler 340 is coupled through a tube 345 to the inlet port 246 of a pneumatic accumulator or receiver 347.
  • accumulator 347 may consist of one or more separate air bladder cells which are similar in construction to the individual air bladder cells 22 of air mattress 20.
  • the additional air bladder cells which are used as an accumulator may be located remotely from the air mattress or optionally at either or both the foot end and head end of the mattress.
  • Figure 11B illustrates valve configuration and resulting air flow paths directed by wave generator controller 244A during the second half of a negative pressure pulse, in which a volume of air is re-introduced into an air bladder cell 22 to thus partially or fully re-inflate the cell to a new or original quiescent value of pressure, respectively.
  • a positive-going part of a pressure pulse applied to an air bladder cell 22 is created by directing air flow from outlet port 282 of pump 280 to inlet port 246 of pulse selector manifold 248, and thence through a selected valve 249 to a selected air bladder cell 22.
  • valve plate 339 of pump outlet router valve 331 receives a signal from wave generator controller 244A to pivot to a position which allows air flow from pump outlet port 282 and through upper outlet port 334 of valve 331, and thence through inlet port 315 of pulse selector manifold router valve 311, through the port 312 of the manifold router valve, and finally through a selector valve 249 to a selected air bladder cell 22.
  • valve plate 319 of pulse selector manifold router valve 311 is positioned by a command signal from wave generator 244A to block air flow through port 313 of valve 311.
  • valve plate 299 of pump inlet routing valve 291 is positioned by a command signal from wave generator 244A to block air flow through port 294 of valve 291. In this position, there is created an unobstructed air flow path for air which was pressurized in accumulator 347 during the negative-going part of an air pressure pulse, through pump inlet router valve 291 and thence into inlet port 281 of pump 280.
  • wave generator 244 preferably includes a pressure transducer 348 which communicates with inlet port 246 of pulse selector manifold 248.
  • valve plate 319 of selector manifold router valve 311 in a clockwise, closed position as shown in Figure 11A
  • valve plate 249 of pump inlet router valve 299 in a clockwise, closed position as shown in Figure 11B
  • opening a selector valve 249 connected to the port 243 of a selected air bladder call 222 results in equalization of pressure between the interior volume of the selected air bladder cell and the much smaller volume of a space located between the valve plate 249 and the input port 246 of the pulse selector manifold.
  • Probe 349 of pressure transducer 348 communicates with this space and thus produces at an output terminal 350 of the transducer an electrical signal which is proportional to air pressure within a selected air bladder cell 222, which signal is conducted by an electrical wire 351 to wave generator controller 244A.
  • Open selector manifold router valve 311 to input air into selected cell 22. 14. Leave pump on until pressure measured by transducer 348 increases to original or new desired bias level. 15A. Close selector manifold router valve 311. 15B. Close pump outlet router valve 331. 16. Shut pump off. Repeat steps 3-16 for additional selected air bladder cells in a sequence required for a desired wave cycle. 17. Repeat steps 1-16 for each additional wave cycle commanded by wave generator controller 244A.
  • VALVE 1 PUMP INLET (291) VALVE 2, SELECTOR MANIFOLD (311) VALVE 3, PUMP OUTLET (331) 1-5 Clockwise (CW), Closed CW, Closed CW, Closed 6 -8 Counterclockwise (CCW) Open CW, Closed CW, Closed 9 -11 CW, Closed CW, Closed CW, Closed 12 -14 CCW, Closed CCW, Open CCW, Open 15 -16 CW, Closed CW, Closed CW, Closed CW, Closed CW, Closed
  • Figures 12-24 illustrate the construction of a third embodiment of a soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus 400 according to the present invention.
  • soliton traveling wave air mattress 400 has a modular construction which facilitates manufacture and use of a range of traveling wave air mattress apparatuses having different degrees of complexity, cost, and features suitable for use both in preventing the formation of bedsores, and for relaxation purposes.
  • modular soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus 400 may be seen to include a wave generator module 401 and an air mattress module 402.
  • the air mattress module 402 includes an air mattress 403 comprised of an array of generally semi-cylindrically shaped, individually inflatable air bladder cells 404, which are made of air impervious material such as thin vinyl plastic sheeting.
  • An example embodiment of mattress 403, which was found suitable for both health care and relaxational applications, consists of 20 laterally disposed tubes that were arranged in a side-by-side array, each of the tubes having a diameter of about 4 inches and a length of about 34 inches.
  • the mattress 403 had a length of about 80inches and a width of about 34 inches, which is of a suitable size for placement on supporting surfaces such as a standard size bed mattress or a portable air mattress.
  • air mattress module 402 includes an air mattress interface module 405.
  • Air mattress interface module 405 has on an outlet side 406 thereof a row of twenty individual outlet ports 407-1 through 407-20 for pressurized air, which are connected through flexible tubes 408-1 through 408-20 to inlet ports 409-1 through 409-20 of air bladder cells 404-1 through 404-20.
  • wave generator module 401 includes a wave sequence generator 410 which is connected through an elongated flexible 15-conductor cable 411 to 15 individual electrical port terminals 412 of an electrical interface port side 413 of air mattress interface module 405.
  • wave generator module 401 includes an air pressure pulse generator 414 which has an outlet port 415.
  • Air pressure outlet port 415 is connected through a single flexible air tube 416 to an inlet port 417 located on a side 418 of air mattress interface module 403.
  • wave generator module 401 includes a control electronics module 419 which is connected to wave sequence generator module 410 and air pressure pulse generator 414.
  • Wave generator module 401 also includes a power supply 420 for converting 115-volt A.C. power input to the wave generator module 401 on a power cord 422 terminating in a power plug 421 plugged into a mains power source, into 12-volt D.C. power for operating control electronics module 419, pressure pulse generator 414 and wave sequence generator 410.
  • wave generator module 410 may be located some distance from a bed, portable mattress, or other support on which air mattress 403 is placed, and connected to air mattress module 402 by single flexible cable 411 which contains insulated conductors operating at an electrical potential of no more than 12 volts D.C., and by a parallel flexible air tube 416.
  • air mattress interface module 405 may be positioned near the foot-end of air mattress 403, and connected to air bladder cells 404-1 through 404-20 of the air mattress by relatively short, flexible electrically insulating air tubes 408-1 through 408-20.
  • Figure 13 illustrates in more detail the construction of wave generator module 401 of soliton traveling wave air apparatus 400.
  • wave sequence generator 410 of wave generator module 401 has 10 electrical output terminals 423-1 through 423-10 and a common ground terminal 424.
  • Wave sequence generator 410 contains electronic circuitry which is powered by 12-volt D.C. power supplied to +12-volt and ground terminals 425, 426, respectively, of the wave generator module from +12-volt and ground output terminals 427, 428 of D.C. power supply 420.
  • Wave sequence generator 410 emits sequentially on output terminals 423-1 through 423-10 thereof 12-volt square-wave like air bladder cell selector pulses 429-1 through 429-10, as shown in Figures 18 and 19 .
  • wave sequence generator 410 has an input control port 430 which is connected to an output control port 431 of control electronics module 419.
  • Control electronics module 419 has Mode and Frequency control input ports 432, 433 which may be connected to manually operable switches, or to a data port such as an RS 232 port or a USB port.
  • a first, basic operating mode of apparatus 400 may consist of a first "downward" (head-to-foot) sequence of bladder selector pulses 429-1 through 429-10 emitted sequentially on terminals 423-1 through 423-10 of wave sequence generator 410, as shown in line 1 of Figure 18 .
  • a second operating mode of wave sequence generator 410 may be selected which causes a second, "upward" sequence of bladder selector pulses 429 to be emitted sequentially in terminals 423-10 through 423-1 of wave sequence generator 410.
  • wave sequence generator 410 desirably is controllable to output other sequential patterns of pulses 429.
  • wave sequence generator 410 is also controllable in response to signals input to frequency control port 433 of control electronics module 419 and conveyed to wave generator control port 430 to vary the repetition rate frequency of bladder selector pulses 429 emitted by the wave sequence generator.
  • a typical range of periods of bladder selector pulses 429-1 through 429-10 on the ten output terminals 423-1 through 423-10 of wave sequence generator 410 of apparatus 400 would be from about one to two seconds to about 1 to 10 minutes.
  • the total time period for emitting a sequence of 10 equal length pulses 429-1 through 429-10 on terminals 423-1 through 423-10 of wave sequence generator 410 may vary over a typical range of about 10 to 20 seconds to 20 to 100 minutes.
  • wave sequence generator 410 includes a PIC model 16C58B Programmable Interrupt Controller, the ten output ports of which were connected to input terminals of ten transistor driver switches.
  • bladder selector pulses 429 on output terminals 423-1 through 423-10 of wave sequence generator 410 are used to actuate individual solenoid valves to an ON configuration for time periods based on the duration of the bladder selector pulses.
  • wave sequence generator 410 the current and voltage drive characteristics of wave sequence generator 410 are dependent on the number and electrical characteristics of the solenoid valves used in apparatus 400.
  • Control electronics module 419 includes electronic circuitry for processing bladder selector pulses 429 emitted from wave sequence generator 410 and input to input terminals 435-1 through 435-10 of the control electronics module, and for emitting valve control signals V1-V7 on output terminals 436-1 through 436-7, and solenoid valve drive signals SV1-SV7 on output terminals 437-1 through 437-7.
  • control electronics module 419 has a Deflation Pulse Width-adjust input port 438, and an Inflation Pulse Width-adjust input port 439.
  • control electronics module 419 may optionally have a pressure transducer signal input port 440, a rapid-deflate command input port 441, and a rapid-inflate command input port 442.
  • control electronics module 419 produces on output ports thereof electrical control signals, in response to command and status signals input to various input ports of the module.
  • the circuitry of that module may be implemented as a micro controller, microprocessor, or PLC.
  • An embodiment of control electronics module 419 which was constructed to test various embodiments of a traveling wave air mattress apparatus 400 according to the present invention employed a combination of separate integrated circuit modules, relays, and semiconductor logic and driver components.
  • air pressure pulse generator module 414 of soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus 400 includes a pressure/vacuum pump 444, which has a vacuum inlet port 445, and a pressure outlet port 446. Vacuum inlet port 445 and pressure outlet port 446 are connected through an arrangement of valves V1-V7 and coupling tubes to pressure/vacuum outlet port 415 of air pressure generator module 414 of wave generator module 401, which is in turn connected through air inlet tube 416 to manifold inlet port 417 of air mattress interface module 405, as shown in Figure 12 .
  • valves V1-V7 of air pressure pulse generator 414 of wave generator module 401 may be identical, normally OFF (NO), two-way solenoid actuated air valves.
  • valve V1 reference description number 477-1 in Figure 13
  • valve V1 has a solenoid activator SV1 (448) which has a ground return terminal 449-1 and a 12-volt actuation terminal 450-1, which is connected to SV1 drive terminal 437-1 of control electronics module 419.
  • a 12-volt signal level on solenoid valve drive terminal SV1 (437-1) of control electronics module 419 actuates valve SV1 to an ON position, in which air passes freely between first and second opposed ports 451A, 451B of the valve.
  • valve V1 Conversely, when the 12-volt actuating signal is removed from solenoid terminal SV1, valve V1 returns to a closed, OFF position, in which air flow between the ports of the valve is blocked.
  • Table 3 lists the valves V1-V7 shown in Figure 13 , and identifies the function of each valve. TABLE 3 VALVE ELEMENT NUMBER FUNCTION V1 447 Manifold vacuum V2 453 Manifold pressure V3 459 Pump recirculate/bypass V4 465 Pump vacuum inlet V5 471 Pump exhaust to atmosphere V6 477 Vacuum inlet from/exhaust to atmosphere V7 483 Pressure regulator bypass
  • valves V1-V7 are interconnected through an arrangement of Tee-couplers and tubes between pressure/vacuum pump 444 and pressure/vacuum outlet port 415 of air pressure pulse generator 414.
  • the Tee-couplers include five couplers 489, 490, 491, 492, 493.
  • an optional pressure transducer 494 is included in apparatus 400, it is connected to pressure/vacuum outlet port 415 of wave generator module 401 through a sixth Tee-coupler 495.
  • Air pressure pulse generator 414 of wave generator module 401 is used to introduce pulses of air into individually selectable air bladder cells 404 of air mattress 403 (see Figure 12 ) in a manner which is described in detail below.
  • the construction and functions of apparatus 400 which enable transmission of air pressure pulses to selected air bladder cells 404 may be best understood by referring to Figure 14 in addition to Figures 12 , 13 , and 18 .
  • air mattress interface module 405 includes a distributor manifold 496 what has an inlet port 417 for pressurized air which is connected through a single flexible air tube 416 to air pressure pulse generator 414 of wave generator module 401, as shown in Figure 12 and previously described.
  • Distributor manifold 496 has a series, e.g., ten, of air outlet ports 497-1 through 497-10. Each air outlet port 497 is connected through a flexible air tube to a first port 498 of a solenoid air bladder cell valve 499.
  • Each solenoid air bladder cell valve 499 is a normally OFF valve that permits passage of air between first port 498 and a second port 500 thereof, only when solenoid actuator 501 of the valve is actuated by a 12-volt signal impressed on input terminal 502, and return terminal 503 of the solenoid is connected to a ground return through ground return conductor RTN1 (504).
  • each solenoid drive terminal 502-1 through 502-10 of the solenoid valves 499-1 through 499-10 is connected through a separate insulated conductor 505-1 through 505-10 of interface cable 411 to a separate output terminal 423-1 through 423-10 of wave sequence generator module 410.
  • common ground conductor line 504 of air mattress interface module 405 is connected through a separate conductor of cable 411 to ground return output terminal 424 of wave sequence generator 410.
  • the second port of an air bladder cell inflation valve 499 may be coupled to a pair of air bladder cells through a Tee-coupler 506.
  • a first Tee-coupler 506-1 enables air pulses to be conveyed simultaneously to a pair of adjacent air bladder cells 404-1, 404-2.
  • a 10-outlet port distributor manifold 490 and ten air bladder cell inflation valves 499 may be used to convey air pressure pulses to all 20 of the air bladder cells of a 20-cell air mattress.
  • each air pulse 510 consists of a negative differential pressure component beginning at time T1 and ending at time T2 of the pulse.
  • the negative differential pressure component T1-T2 here refers to a reduction of pressure at the inlet port 409 of an air bladder cell 404 that causes the air bladder cell to partially or fully deflate.
  • pressure reduction component T1-T2 of air pulse 510 is produced by actuating valves of apparatus 400 in a manner which connects the inlet port 409 of an air bladder cell 404 through valves and tubes to the vacuum or suction inlet port 445 of pressure/vacuum pump 444.
  • the deflation component T1-T2 of air pulse 510 is produced by actuating valves of the apparatus 400 in a manner which creates a path for air under pressure in an air bladder to be exhausted to the atmosphere.
  • air pressure pulse 510 includes a second, re-inflation component during the time interval T2-T3.
  • the re-inflation component T2-T3 is produced by actuating valves of apparatus 400 in a manner which creates a pathway for pressurized air discharged from pressure outlet port 446 of pressure/vacuum pump 444 to the inlet port 409 of an air bladder cell 404.
  • air pressure pulse generator 414 which are effective in producing a sequence of air-pressure pulses 510 of the type shown in Figure 20 , and conveying the pulses to an air mattress 403, of the type shown in Figure 14 may be best understood by referring to Figures 13 and 18 .
  • control electronics 419 contains circuitry which produces a sequence of control signals SV1-SV7 for valves V1-V7 upon receiving a bladder selector pulse 429 from any one of the ten output ports 423-1 through 423-10 of wave sequence generator 410, which ports are connected to input ports 435-1 through 435-10 of control electronics module 419.
  • control electronics module 419 produces in response to the leading, positive-going edge of a first bladder selector pulse 429-1 on output in terminal 423-1 of wave sequence generator 410 the leading edge of a positive-going, Deflate pulse P1.
  • the duration (t12-t11) of Deflate pulse P1 is adjustable as indicated by the variable time location of the trailing edge of the pulse at t12.
  • the duration of Deflate pulse P1 may be adjusted by a signal on input control terminal 432 of control electronics module, for example, by varying the time constant of a monostable multivibrator, or ONE SHOT, triggered by the leading edge of a bladder selector pulse 429-1 at time t11.
  • pulse V1 is output on solenoid valve drive terminal SV1 (437-1) to thus turn valve V1 ON.
  • valve V4 is also ON at the same time as valve V1, thus providing an air path between vacuum inlet port 445 of pump 444, pressure/vacuum outlet port 415 of air pressure pulse generator 414, pressure/vacuum inlet port 417 of the distributor manifold, air bladder cell valve 493-1, and selected air bladder cell 404-1.
  • valve actuator drive signal SV5 is also positive, thus enabling pressurized air discharged from pressure outlet port 446 of pressure/vacuum port to pass through pressure regulator 512 and exhausted into the atmosphere.
  • the negative-going, trailing edge of Deflate pulse P1 triggers the leading edge of an Inflate pulse P2.
  • the time location of the trailing edge of inflate pulse P2 is also adjustable to thus adjust the duration of deflate pulse P2.
  • P2 may be generated by a second one-shot triggered by the trailing edge of deflate pulse P1.
  • manifold vacuum valve V1 when manifold vacuum valve V1 is turned OFF at the end of Deflate pulse P1, manifold pressure valve V2 is turned ON, thus providing an air path from pressure outlet port 446 of pressure/vacuum pump 444 to an air bladder cell, such as a selected air bladder cell 404-1.
  • pump vacuum inlet valve V4 and vacuum atmosphere vent valve V6 are ON, providing inlet air to vacuum inlet port 445 of pressure/vacuum pump 444.
  • an accumulator of the type shown as element 347 in Figure 11B may be used in a hermetically sealed modification of air pulse generator 414 shown in Figure 13 .
  • the exhaust port outlet of pump exhaust vent valve V5 (471) would be connected through an optional check valve to a first port of an accumulator, and the inlet/exhaust port of vacuum inlet valve V6 (477) would be connected to a second port of the accumulator.
  • apparatus 400 may selectably continue to cyclically output sequences of control pulse signals, or enter into a rest mode.
  • pump recirculate/bypass valve V3 (459) may be turned on.
  • a resting mode may be selected in which valves , V4(465), V5 (471) and V6(477) are turned on to provide venting to the atmosphere of both vacuum inlet port 445 and pressure outlet port 446 of pressure/vacuum pump 444.
  • valves , V4(465), V5 (471) and V6(477) are turned on to provide venting to the atmosphere of both vacuum inlet port 445 and pressure outlet port 446 of pressure/vacuum pump 444.
  • V4 is closed and valves V1 and V6 are opened during the deflation component of an air pressure pulse, allowing pressurized air from an air bladder cell 404 to escape to the atmosphere through an open port of valve V6, rather than being connected to vacuum inlet port 445 of pressure/vacuum pump 444.
  • the slower deflation rate of an air bladder cell in a passive deflation mode facilitates a novel and advantageous mode of operation of apparatus 400.
  • Table 4 summarizes the configuration of valves V1-V6 for the above-described operational modes of wave generator module 401.
  • ACTIVE DEFLATE PASSIVE DEFLATE INFLATE REST RECIRCULATIN G PUMP
  • REST VENTING PUMP
  • Figures 20 , 21A , and 21B illustrate how soliton traveling wave air mattress apparatus 400 produces soliton traveling waves of body support forces on the surface of air mattress 403.
  • an air mattress 403 of the type shown in Figure 12 having, for example, 20 air bladder cells 404 (only the first 10 are shown) may be in a deflated state.
  • a first pulse of air 510 is input to first air bladder cell 404-1 of the air mattress 403.
  • air pulse 510-1 has a first, deflation component beginning at time T1 and ending at time T2. Since all of the air bladder cells 404 of air mattress 404 were presumed to be deflated, there will be no change in the contour of air bladder cell 404 during the period T1-T2. However, if any air bladder cell were partially deflated, it will be fully deflated by the deflation component of air pulse 510 during the period T1 to T2.
  • the inflation component of air pulse 510-1 begins to inflate first air bladder cell 404-1.
  • the inflation component of air pulse 510-1 continues until time T3.
  • the duration of inflation pulse component T3-T2 of air pulse 510, and the maximum inflation pressure, which is adjusted by adjusting pressure regulator 511, are selected to inflate air bladder cell 404-1 to a pre-determined steady-state pressure PS, which causes the upper body support surface 512 of the air bladder cell to assume the generally semi-cylindrically shaped contour shown in line 2 of Figure 21A
  • successive air bladder cells 404-2 through 404-20 are sequentially selected and inflated by wave generator module 401, resulting in a fully inflated air mattress 403 as shown in the last line of Figure 21A .
  • Figure 21B illustrates how apparatus 400 produces a soliton traveling wave of body support force reduction on the upper surface 512 of air mattress 403.
  • air bladder cell 404-1 is re-inflated to a pre-determined quiescent pressure, during the time interval T2 to T3.
  • the minimum duration of inflation component T2 to T3 of air pulse 510 is typically determined by how long it takes to inflate an individual air bladder cell 404 to a desired pressure, which for a relatively small pressure/vacuum pump having an outlet pressure of 36 PSI and an air flow rate of 5.5 lpm would be about 30 seconds to one minute.
  • sequentially deflating and re-inflating the remaining air bladder cells 404-2 through 404-10 or 404-20 of a 10 or 20 bladder mattress causes a soliton traveling wave of body support force reduction to progress from one end to the other end of air mattress 403.
  • a traveling wave of body support force reduction 513 will be propagated from left to right a shown in Figure 21B , i.e., from the head-end to the foot-end of air mattress 403.
  • each air bladder cell 404 is initiated at the times T1, - - T10 coinciding with the beginning of a sequence of air bladder selector pulses 429-1 through 429-10, as shown in Figure 18 .
  • the selected air bladder cell is left in a fully inflated state.
  • air bladder cell 404-1 becomes deflated, and at the end of pulse 429-1, is fully re-inflated.
  • a wave sequence generator 410 having ten output ports, and a distributor manifold having ten outlet air ports in a simplified, low-cost configuration are used to control a 20-air bladder cell air mattress.
  • This configuration also utilizes only ten air bladder cell valves 499 to minimize cost and complexity.
  • the ten-port wave sequence generator 410, ten-port distributor manifold 490, and ten air bladder cell valves 499 are enabled to control an air mattress 403 which has 20 air bladder cells 404-1 through 404-20, by driving a pair of air bladder cells 404 from each distributor outlet port using a single air bladder cell valve 499 connected to each port.
  • Figure 21C illustrates generation of a soliton traveling body support force reduction wave in which adjacent pairs of air bladder cells 404 are sequentially deflated and re-inflated to produce a head-to-foot traveling body force support wave on an air mattress 403 having 20 air bladder cells 404.
  • FIGS 13 , 15 , and 21D illustrate a modification of apparatus 400 which uses a 10-output port wave sequence generator 410, a 10-outlet port distributor manifold 490, and 20 air bladder cell valves 499 to individually inflate and deflate 20 air bladder cells.
  • each of the 10 output ports 497-1 through 497-10 of ten-output port distributor manifold 490 is coupled through a Tee coupler 515-1 through 515-10 to a pair of air bladder cell valves 517A-517B to a pair of air bladder cells 404-1, 404-2 through 404-19, 404-20.
  • Each air bladder cell valve 517A has a solenoid actuator which has a 12-volt input terminal 519A and a first ground return input terminal 520A.
  • each second bank air bladder cell valve 517B has a solenoid actuator which has a 12-volt input terminal 519B and a second ground return input terminal 520B.
  • the 12-volt solenoid actuator input terminals 519A, 519B of each pair of air bladder cell valves 517A, 517B are connected to a single output terminal 423 of wave sequence generator 410 through a single insulated conductor 521 of cable 411.
  • the first ground return terminal 520A of the solenoid actuator of each air bladder cell valve 517A is connected to a first common return conductor RTN1 (522).
  • the second ground return terminal 520B of each air bladder cell valve 517B is connected to a second common return conductor RNT2 (523).
  • RTN1 and RTN2 conductors are deployed from air mattress module 402 to control electronics module 419 of wave generator module 401.
  • RTN1 conductor 522 and RTN2 conductor 523 are connected to the B and C contacts of a SPDT relay 525.
  • Relay 525 is driven by a toggle flip-flop FF2 (not shown) in control electronics module 419.
  • toggle FF2 is triggered alternately between SET and RESET states at the end of each 10 inflation pulses P2.
  • Figure 16 illustrates another variation of the soliton traveling wave air mattress 400 according to the present invention.
  • This variation employs a router manifold interposed between the distributor manifold and air bladder cells shown in Figure 15 and enables creating a non-alternating, consecutive sequence of air bladder cell deflation and re-inflation cycles in an air mattress 403 having 20 air bladder cells 404 using a ten-output port distributor manifold.
  • Figure 17 illustrates another variation of the apparatus 400 which uses a pair of 10 output port distributor manifold 490A, 490B, 20 air bladder cell valves, and a ten-output terminal wave sequence generator to produce soliton traveling body support force variation waves on an air mattress 403 having 20 air bladder cells, using the toggle flip-flop FF2 as described above.
  • Figure 21E illustrates the formation of a backward, foot-end towards head-end traveling body support force wave which may be generated using the traveling wave apparatus of Figures 12-17 .
  • Figure 21F illustrates another type of soliton body support force reduction wave which can be produced by the apparatus 400 according to the present invention, in which the operating mode of the wave sequence generator is selected to produce simultaneous up and down soliton traveling waves of pulses 429.
  • wave sequence generator 410 may be programmed to enable production of a virtually unlimited variety of wave sequences.
  • control electronics module 419 optionally includes Rapid Inflate and Rapid Deflate input ports, which would be used to command wave generator module 410 to output inflate only or deflate only signals 429 simultaneously on all 10 output ports 423 of the wave generator module, and a command signal turn on pressure regulator bypass valve V7 (483).
  • Figures 22-24 illustrate a modification of traveling wave air mattress 400.
  • the bladder selector pulses 429 output sequentially from wave sequence generator 410 are typically used to generate a pattern of deflation and re-inflation pulses 510 which travel sequentially from each air bladder cell 404 to the next adjacent cell, each pair of air bladder cells to the next adjacent pair, each odd air bladder cell to the next odd air bladder cell, and each even air bladder cell to the next even air bladder cell.
  • apparatus 400 optionally includes elements which provide a novel and efficient means of monitoring average loading of individual air bladder cells, and utilizing that information to provide command signals to wave sequence generator module 410 to omit inputting air-pulse command signals 429 to air bladder cells 404 which are subjected to average weight load forces below a predetermined threshold value.
  • the wave sequence generator 410 may in this case be commanded by a signal from control electronics module 419 to skip issuing a square wave bladder selector pulse 424 signal to deflate that air bladder cell, during the next sequence of bladder selector pulses 429 emitted by the wave sequence generator.
  • flip-flop FF2 may be toggled at the end of each 10 or 20 pulses 429 to thus switch between active and passive deflation modes as desired to thereby increase resolution in determination of the of differences in weight loading of the air bladder cells 404.
  • Figure 24 illustrates a sequence of air bladder cell deflation/re-inflation pulses 510, in which pulses to air bladder cells 2, 3, 5, and 6 have been omitted because they have been determined in a previous sequence of deflation/inflation pulses to have been subjected to a time-average weight load below a predetermined value which is insufficient to result in those cells deflating to or below a threshold pressure PT on or before time TL.
  • each sequence consists of a solitary traveling pressure wave having a constant amplitude.
  • the sequence of air pressure pulses depicted in plots 1-6 of Figure 3A when input into a series of air bladder cells, such as the one shown in Figure 7A , result in a traveling soliton wave of pressure variation in the air bladder cells, which in turn produces a soliton traveling wave of body support force variation, i.e., reduction, as depicted in Figure 21B .
  • FIG. 21F Another characteristic of a soliton traveling wave is that it maintains its amplitude and shape in spite of collisions with other soliton traveling waves.
  • the lines labeled T9-T2 of Figure 21F illustrates that the soliton traveling waves of body support force in air mattresses according to the present invention also have this characteristic.
  • a first soliton wave of traveling body support force traveling from left to right e.g., from the head-end to the foot-end of an air mattress
  • the downward and upward soliton traveling waves have passed through each other without change.
  • Figure 25 illustrates a first modification 614 of the air pressure pulse generator component or module shown in Figure 13 and described above, which requires only five valves rather than the seven shown in Figure 13 .
  • air bladder cells 404 are initially inflated en masse, as follows. With valves V1 (477-1), V3 (459), and V5 (471) in closed, OFF, positions, and valves V6 (477) and V2 (453) in open, ON positions, pressure/vacuum pump 444 is powered on. This action enables air to be drawn from the atmosphere through valve V6 (477), vacuum inlet port 445 of pressure/vacuum pump 444, expelled from outlet port 446 of the pressure/vacuum pump, and passed through valve V2 (453) to air bladder cells 404, e.g., the twenty air bladder cells 404-1 through 404-20 shown in Figure 12 .
  • valves V6 (477) and V2 (453) are actuated to an OFF position, and valve V3 (459) is actuated to an ON position, enabling air to be circulated through V3 and pressure/vacuum pump 444 during a rest interval. During this rest interval, pump 444 may be powered off or remain on.
  • a soliton traveling wave of air pressure and resulting traveling soliton body support force wave in air mattress module 403 may be initiated.
  • a first step in initiating a traveling air pressure pulse wave consists of issuing a manifold selector valve opening signal 429 to a selected air bladder cell selector valve or valves, e.g., valve 499-1 connected to air bladder cells 404-1 and 401-2, as shown in Figure 18 .
  • valve V3 in response to control signals issued from control electronics module 419, valve V3 (459) is closed, and valves V1 (477-1) and V5 (471) are opened.
  • this valve configuration enables air to be withdrawn from a selected air bladder cell or cells 404 through valve V1 (477-1), vacuum inlet port 445 of pressure/vacuum pump 444, through outlet port 446 of the pressure/vacuum pump, and through valve V5 (471) to the atmosphere.
  • the foregoing valve configuration in the initial, deflation part of an air bladder cell pressure pulse is maintained for a time interval sufficient to reduce air pressure in a selected air bladder cell or cells to a pre-determined value.
  • valves V1, V2, V3, V5, and V6 are actuated to the initial en masse inflation configuration described above. Since pressure/vacuum pump 444 need only have a capacity to fully deflate or re-inflate one or two air bladder cells in a period of, for example, one-half to two minutes, the time period for inflating a single air bladder cell with pressure/vacuum pump operating at full capacity would be about one-twentieth that required to fully inflate a fully-deflated air mattress 403 having twenty air bladder cells. Thus, the time required to re-inflate a single fully-deflated air bladder cell 404 would typically be about one-half to one minute versus ten to twenty minutes to fully inflate all twenty air bladder cells.
  • the apparatus may be programmed to enter a rest period of a selectable duration, such as the time interval between T13 and T21 shown in lines 1 and 2 of Figure 20 .
  • a rest period of a selectable duration such as the time interval between T13 and T21 shown in lines 1 and 2 of Figure 20 .
  • valves V1, V2, V3, V5, and V6 are configured as described above for the initial rest interval.
  • second and successive air pressure pulses may be applied to second and successive air bladder cells 404, in the same manner as described above.
  • modified pressure pulse generator 614 shown in Figure 25 draws in air from the atmosphere through the inlet port of valve V6 (459) and exhausts air to the atmosphere through the outlet port of valve V5 (471).
  • Figure 26 illustrates another modification of air pressure pulse generator 414 shown in Figure 13 , in which air cyclically exhausted from and inlet to air bladder cells is transmitted to and from one or more accumulators rather than to the atmosphere.
  • the air pressure pulse generator 714 may be isolated from external air inlet sources and exhaust locations.
  • second modified pressure generator module 714 has, in addition to the five valves of first modified pressure pulse generator 614, two additional valves, V4 (477-2) and V7 (477-3).
  • valve V4 (477-2) may be actuated to an ON position to enable an initial volume of air to be drawn in from the atmosphere or other source to inflate all air bladder cells 404, in a "rapid inflate" or en masse inflation mode.
  • valve V7 (477-3) may be actuated to an ON position to exhaust air from all air bladder cells 404 to the atmosphere in a "rapid deflate" mode.
  • cyclical deflation and re-inflation of selected air bladder cells by air pressure pulse generator 714 after all of the air bladder cells 404 of an air mattress have been inflated is performed in isolation from the atmosphere, as will now be described.
  • second modified pressure pulse generator 714 has in the lower, vacuum inlet arm thereof a valve V4 (465) used to provide air from an external source such as the atmosphere to initially inflate all of the air bladder cells 404 of an air mattress 403.
  • air pressure pulse generator 714 has in addition to external air inlet control valve V4 (465), an additional air inlet valve V6 (478).
  • Air inlet valve V6 (478) has an inlet port connected to a sealed interior space of a first accumulator, Accumulator 1.
  • Accumulator 1 may consist of one and preferably two additional air bladder cells 404-21, 404-22, as may be understood by referring to Figure 27 .
  • the foregoing air bladder cells may be positioned at the foot end of air mattress 403.
  • the two foot-end air bladder cells 404-19 and 404-20 could be used as Accumulator 1 air bladder cells.
  • second modified air pressure pulse generator 714 has in the upper, pressure output arm thereof a valve V7 (483) which is used to exhaust air withdrawn from all air bladder cells 404 of an air mattress 403 to the atmosphere, in a rapid deflation mode.
  • V7 483
  • air pressure pulse generator 714 has in addition to external air exhaust valve V7 (483), and additional air outlet valve V5 (498).
  • Air outlet valve V5 (498) has an outlet port connected to the sealed interior space of a second accumulator, Accumulator 2.
  • Accumulator 2 may consist of one and preferably two air bladder cells 404 connected in parallel by a tee-coupler as has been described above for Accumulator 1.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates a third embodiment 814 of an air pressure pulse generator according to the present invention.
  • air pressure pulse generator 814 includes an accumulator interconnect Tee 499 which has a first port thereof connected to the outlet port of outlet valve V5 (498), a second port connected to the inlet port of inlet valve V6 (478), and a third, accumulator port.
  • the third, accumulator port is connected to a single accumulator of the type described above, which consists of one and preferably two air bladder cells 404-21, 404-22 connected in parallel and located at the foot end of air mattress 403, or in a separate location such as below a support surface for air mattress 403.
  • a Body Support Force Equalization Mode may be entered before initiation of cyclical generation of soliton traveling air pressure waves as described above.
  • the purpose of the Body Support Force Equalization Mode is to decrease large body support force concentration and imbalances to distribute body support force more equally.
  • the result of utilizing the Body Support Force Equalization Mode according to the present invention is to adjust the air pressure in individual air bladder cells 404 to average bias levels which are more nearly equal to one another, before superimposing a soliton traveling force reducing pressure wave in a sequence of air bladder cells 404.
  • all air bladder cells 404 of an air mattress 403 are first inflated en masse to a pre-determined pressure level.
  • pressure/vacuum pump 444 is preferably turned off, and pump bypass valve V3 (459) is turned on. Valves V1 (477-1), V2 (453), V5 and V6 (477) are also actuated to ON positions at this time.
  • sequence generator 410 receives a signal to output a sequence of selector valve control signals 429-1 through 429-10 or 429-20 to manifold selector valves 499.
  • each individual manifold selector valve 499 When each individual manifold selector valve 499 is actuated to an ON position, air in a selected air bladder cell 404 that is pressurized above the pressure in control accumulators 1 and 2, air flows into the accumulators, thus reducing body support force on a particular air bladder cell that is heavily loaded, as by a body protuberance.
  • cyclical traveling pressure waves are initiated by control electronics module 419.
  • these pressure waves would have a smaller amplitude than that used without prior equalization of the different bias pressure levels in the air bladder cells by utilization of the Body Support Force Equalization Mode.
  • the amplitude of the traveling pressure waves imposed on quiescent bias pressures in the air bladder cells is conveniently reduced by decreasing the duration of both deflation and re-inflation periods of a traveling air pressure pulse wave.
  • the traveling pressure wave may be speeded up without requiring an increase in the volumetric flow rate of pressure/vacuum pump 444.
  • the Body Support Force Equalization Mode described above may be initiated periodically, e.g., hourly, or optionally in response to sensed body weight redistributions above a pre-determined threshold value, which may be measured by an optional pressure or force sensor.
  • Figure 28 illustrates a modification of a basic embodiment of an air mattress according to the present invention shown in 2A.
  • Modified air mattress 503 shown in Figure 28 includes oval plan-view, annular ring-shaped parallel tubular air bladder cells 50 which are arranged in a concentric array.
  • Each of air bladder cells 504 has an air inlet port 509 which protrudes downwardly from a lower surface of the air bladder cell.
  • air bladder cells 504-1 through 504-10 may receive sequential pulses of air pressure variation to thus produce an the upper surfaces of the air bladder cells a soliton traveling wave of body support force variation.
  • This soliton traveling wave has an elliptical ring-shaped wave front that travels radially outwardly from the center of mattress 503 to the outer perimeter of the air mattress, which is coincident with the outer perimeter of outermost air bladder cell 504-10 when air pressure pulses are introduced to air bladder cells 504-1 through 504-10 in ascending order, and radially inwardly when the pulses are introduced into its air bladder cells in reverse order, i.e., 504-10 through 504-1.
  • Figure 29 illustrates a modification 523 of air mattress 503 shown in Figure 28 , in which oval ring-shaped air bladder cells 524 are segmented into four contiguous quadrant arc-shaped segments, 524-A, 524-B, 524-C, and 524-D.
  • soliton traveling waves of body support force may be caused to travel in circumferential directions on the surfaces of the air bladder cells, as well as in radial directions as have been described above for the air mattress 503 shown in Figure 28 .
  • pulses of air pressure variation may be sequentially applied first to one or more air bladder cells 524A-1 through 524A-10in a first quadrant, e.g., the upper right-hand quadrant of air bladder cells shown in Figure 29 .
  • subsequent air pressure variation pulses may be introduced sequentially into air bladder cells located into quadrants B, C, and D, to thus produce a soliton traveling wave of body support force variation which travels in a clockwise sense on the upper surface of air mattress 523.
  • counterclockwise soliton traveling waves of body support force may be produced on the upper surface of air mattress 523 by introducing pulses of air pressure variation sequentially into air bladder cells 524 located in quadrants A, D, C, and B, respectively.
  • Figures 30 and 31 illustrate circular air mattresses 603 and 623 which are exactly analogous in construction and function to oval air mattresses 503 and 523 described above, with the following single difference.
  • Mattresses 603 and 623 are comprised of air bladder cells 604, 624 which have annular ring shapes that have a circular plan view rather than being oval-shaped.
  • air mattresses 603, 623 have an aspect ratio which is more suitable for matching the shape of a chair or wheel chair.

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Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif formant matelas pneumatique à onde de propagation (400) comprenant, en combinaison :
    a. un matelas pneumatique (403) qui comporte un réseau de N cellules de vessie d'air (404), souples, gonflables et dégonflables individuellement, où N est au moins égal à trois, lesdites cellules de vessie d'air étant parallèles à une première dimension en surface dudit matelas pneumatique et étant agencées en une série parallèle à une seconde dimension en surface dudit matelas pneumatique, lesdites cellules de vessie d'air ayant des surfaces supérieures qui, en combinaison, comprennent une surface de support de corps pour un corps humain, et
    b. un dispositif formant générateur d'ondes de solitons (401) comportant un générateur d'impulsions de pression d'air (414) pour introduire, de manière cyclique, des séquences temporelles d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air dans une série prédéterminée desdites cellules de vessie d'air, chaque dite séquence comprenant au moins un premier train d'impulsions dans lequel une première impulsion est introduite dans au moins une première cellule de vessie d'air de première extrémité choisie (404-1) proche d'une première extrémité dudit réseau, et des impulsions suivantes de variation de pression d'air introduites dans des cellules de vessie d'air successives de ladite série, ladite séquence d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air produisant une onde de propagation de solitons de variation de la force de support de corps qui traverse ladite surface de support de corps dudit matelas pneumatique dans une direction parallèle à la seconde dimension dudit matelas pneumatique, ladite onde de propagation de solitons ayant une largeur de front d'onde qui est parallèle à la première dimension dudit matelas pneumatique et une longueur inférieure à la moitié de la seconde dimension dudit matelas pneumatique.
  2. Dispositif formant matelas pneumatique à onde de propagation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit réseau de cellules de vessie d'air comporte au moins trois cellules de vessie d'air disposées latéralement entre des côtés longitudinaux opposés dudit matelas dans différents emplacements longitudinaux dudit réseau.
  3. Dispositif formant matelas pneumatique à onde de propagation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit réseau de cellules de vessie d'air comporte au moins trois cellules de vessie d'air qui sont disposées longitudinalement entre des extrémités latérales opposées dudit réseau dans différents emplacements latéraux dudit réseau.
  4. Dispositif formant matelas pneumatique à onde de propagation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit réseau de cellules de vessie d'air est en outre défini comme comprenant une matrice d'au moins P x Q cellules de vessie d'air individuelles consistant en P rangées de cellules de vessie d'air disposées latéralement, chacune consistant en Q cellules de vessie d'air individuelles, dans lequel au moins l'un de P et de Q est égal à au moins trois.
  5. Dispositif formant matelas pneumatique à onde de propagation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit réseau de cellules de vessie d'air comporte au moins trois cellules de vessie d'air concentriques qui ont, en vue en plan, la forme d'un anneau circulaire.
  6. Dispositif formant matelas pneumatique à onde de propagation selon la revendication 5, dans lequel lesdites cellules de vessie d'air sont segmentées en au moins deux segments en forme d'arc séparés sur la circonférence (523, 623) .
  7. Dispositif formant matelas pneumatique à onde de propagation selon la revendication 1, comportant en outre un réseau de capteurs de force de réaction de surface, chacun étant associé à des cellules individuelles desdites cellules de vessie d'air, chacun desdits capteurs produisant un signal de sortie de capteur qui est proportionnel à une force de support de réaction de surface exercée sur le corps d'un patient par lesdites cellules de vessie d'air associées aux dits capteurs, et une mémoire électronique permettant de stocker les valeurs mesurées des concentrations en force de réaction mesurée par lesdits capteurs de force de réaction de surface, un calculateur électronique permettant de créer une liste desdites cellules de vessie d'air ordonnées de la plus grande à la plus petite desdites valeurs de force de réaction mesurées par lesdits capteurs afin de produire ainsi un vecteur de gradient de force, et un contrôleur électronique permettant de donner des instructions au dit générateur d'impulsions de pression d'appliquer des impulsions de pression d'air de manière séquentielle sur au moins certaines desdites cellules de vessie d'air le long dudit vecteur de gradient de force.
  8. Procédé permettant de réduire l'amplitude et la durée des concentrations en force de support de réaction exercée sur un corps par des cellules de vessie d'air gonflables et dégonflables individuellement d'un matelas pneumatique, ledit procédé comprenant l'introduction d'impulsions d'air dans certaines cellules choisies des cellules de vessie d'air d'un matelas pneumatique gonflable en séquences qui provoquent la propagation des ondes de variation de pression de gonflage suivant des chemins sélectionnables desdites cellules de vessie d'air et la propagation des ondes de propagation de solitons de variations de force de support de corps correspondantes suivant lesdits chemins.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, comportant en outre le stockage de valeurs mesurées de forces de support de réaction exercées sur un corps supporté par un matelas pneumatique gonflable, le calcul d'un vecteur de gradient de force de réaction basé sur lesdites valeurs mesurées de forces de support de réaction, et l'orientation desdites séquences d'impulsions d'air, de manière séquentielle, vers au moins certaines desdites cellules de vessie d'air le long dudit vecteur de gradient de force.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel ledit matelas pneumatique comporte N cellules souples de vessie d'air gonflables et dégonflables individuellement, agencées en un réseau à deux dimensions et présentant des surfaces qui fournissent une force de support de corps, et un générateur d'ondes de solitons interconnecté en fonctionnement au dit matelas pneumatique, ledit dispositif formant générateur d'ondes de solitons comprenant un générateur d'impulsions de pression d'air pour introduire, de manière cyclique, des séquences temporelles d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air dans une série prédéterminée desdites cellules de vessie d'air, chaque dite séquence comprenant au moins un premier train d'impulsions dans lequel une première impulsion est introduite dans au moins une première cellule de vessie d'air de première extrémité choisie proche d'une première extrémité dudit réseau, et des impulsions suivantes de variation de pression d'air dans des cellules de vessie d'air successives de ladite série, ladite séquence d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air produisant une onde de propagation de solitons de variation de force de support de corps qui traverse lesdites surfaces desdites cellules de vessie d'air dans une direction parallèle à une seconde dimension en surface dudit réseau, ladite onde de propagation de solitons ayant une largeur de front d'onde qui est parallèle à une première dimension en surface dudit matelas pneumatique et une longueur inférieure à la moitié de la seconde dimension en surface dudit réseau.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel ledit dispositif formant générateur d'ondes comporte un contrôleur de générateur d'ondes permettant d'émettre des signaux de commande vers ledit générateur d'impulsions de pression d'air qui provoquent l'introduction, par ledit générateur d'impulsions de pression d'air, d'impulsions de pression d'air dans des cellules de vessie d'air choisies dans une séquence qui provoque la propagation d'une onde de variation de pression de gonflage suivant des chemins sélectionnables desdites cellules de vessie d'air et la propagation d'une onde de propagation de variations de force de support de corps correspondante suivant lesdits chemins.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel ladite séquence d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air comporte un second train d'impulsions dans lequel une première impulsion est introduite dans au moins une première cellule de vessie d'air de seconde extrémité choisie proche d'une seconde extrémité dudit réseau, et des impulsions suivantes de variation de pression d'air dans des cellules de vessie d'air successives de ladite série, ladite séquence d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air produisant une onde de propagation de solitons de variation de force de support de corps qui traverse ladite surface de support de corps dudit matelas pneumatique dans une direction parallèle à une seconde dimension en surface dudit réseau, ladite onde de propagation de solitons ayant une largeur de front d'onde qui est parallèle à une première dimension dudit matelas pneumatique et une longueur inférieure à la moitié de la seconde dimension dudit matelas pneumatique fractionnée par lesdites cellules de vessie d'air.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le second train d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air est initié après la fin d'un intervalle de temps pendant lequel ledit premier train d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air s'est produit.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel ledit second train d'impulsions de variation de pression d'air est initié pendant un intervalle de temps pendant lequel ledit premier train d'impulsions d'air s'est produit.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 10, pendant lequel ledit matelas pneumatique comporte un réseau de N cellules souples de vessie d'air gonflables et dégonflables individuellement présentant des surfaces qui fournissent une force de support de corps, et un dispositif comportant une mémoire électronique permettant de stocker des valeurs mesurées de concentrations en force de réaction mesurées par des capteurs de force de réaction de surface associés aux cellules de vessie d'air individuelles, un calculateur électronique permettant de créer une liste de cellules de vessie d'air ordonnées de la plus grande à la plus petite desdites valeurs de force de réaction mesurées par lesdits capteurs afin de produire ainsi un vecteur de gradient de force, et un contrôleur électronique permettant de donner des instructions au dit générateur d'impulsions de pression d'appliquer des impulsions de pression d'air de manière séquentielle sur une première cellule de vessie d'air de ladite liste sur laquelle une force de réaction la plus grande a été mesurée, et, de manière séquentielle, sur des cellules de vessie d'air de ladite liste sur lesquelles des forces de réaction plus petites, successives, ont été mesurées le long dudit vecteur de gradient de force.
EP15749666.2A 2014-02-13 2015-02-10 Matelas pneumatique à ondes à propagation de solitons Not-in-force EP3104746B8 (fr)

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US14/179,791 US9015885B2 (en) 2013-02-13 2014-02-13 Traveling wave air mattresses and method and apparatus for generating traveling waves thereon
US201462038946P 2014-08-19 2014-08-19
PCT/US2015/015269 WO2015123221A1 (fr) 2014-02-13 2015-02-10 Matelas pneumatiques à ondes à propagation de solitons

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US4982466A (en) * 1988-10-12 1991-01-08 Leggett & Platt, Incorporated Body support system
US5584085A (en) * 1989-08-24 1996-12-17 Surgical Design Corporation Support structure with motion
US5267364A (en) * 1992-08-11 1993-12-07 Kinetic Concepts, Inc. Therapeutic wave mattress
US6711711B2 (en) * 2001-04-09 2004-03-23 Euiseok Hwang Error correctible channel coding method
US6910238B2 (en) * 2003-06-25 2005-06-28 Lydia Biggie Apparatus and method for exact control of cross over pressures, including high and low pressures, by dynamically varying the compressor pump output in alternating pressure support surfaces
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US8832886B2 (en) * 2011-08-02 2014-09-16 Rapid Air, Llc System and method for controlling air mattress inflation and deflation
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CA2939545C (fr) 2018-11-27
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WO2015123221A1 (fr) 2015-08-20
CA2939545A1 (fr) 2015-08-20
EP3104746A4 (fr) 2017-10-25

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