EP3098378A1 - Procédé de récupération de pétrole et/ou de gaz - Google Patents

Procédé de récupération de pétrole et/ou de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3098378A1
EP3098378A1 EP15169228.2A EP15169228A EP3098378A1 EP 3098378 A1 EP3098378 A1 EP 3098378A1 EP 15169228 A EP15169228 A EP 15169228A EP 3098378 A1 EP3098378 A1 EP 3098378A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
reservoir
well
impulse generator
fluid pulse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15169228.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Iaropolk Miroslavovych Bazhaluk
Oleg Karpash
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Extra Gas And Oil Solutions GmbH
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Extra Gas And Oil Solutions GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Extra Gas And Oil Solutions GmbH filed Critical Extra Gas And Oil Solutions GmbH
Priority to EP15169228.2A priority Critical patent/EP3098378A1/fr
Publication of EP3098378A1 publication Critical patent/EP3098378A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B28/00—Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/003—Vibrating earth formations

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a method for the recovery of oil and/or gas from a reservoir (hydrocarbon reservoir).
  • the invention relates in particular to mining operations, where deposits are developed by a downhole method, and can be used in oil and/or gas industry for oil and/or gas wells development and intensification, as well as during shale and coal gas production.
  • a method for the recovery of oil and/or gas from a reservoir by operating in a well a pump and a hydraulic pressure impulse generator wherein the method further comprises the step of determining, in a preliminary study in a test unit, a fluid pulse amplitude and a fluid pulse frequency of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator and a total pressure to be established in the well.
  • the invention provides a specific process flow in the well in order to create a grid of fatigue rock cracks during the action on the rock by a series of sign-variable pressures. This is done with periodic pulse trains from a hydraulic generator and the simultaneous producing of the necessary drawdown pressure using a pump, in particular an ejector pump, or jet pump.
  • the simultaneous generation of the necessary drawdown pressure enhances the oil and/or gas recovery from the reservoir.
  • the permeability of the reservoir bottom-hole zone (RBZ) can quickly and environmentally friendly be increased by fatigue grid fracturing in the reservoir bottom-hole zone, while generating the necessary drawdown pressure using the pump.
  • the reservoir drawdown pressure leads to the occurrence of additional stresses in the reservoir, which in conjunction with a simultaneous impact of reservoir fluid pulse pressure allow to significantly accelerate the process of fatigue fracturing, as compared to the fluid pulse pressure exposure only without reservoir drawdown pressure.
  • the drawdown pressure effects help sufficiently clean the reservoir bottom-hole zone from colmatation during fluid pulses and drawdown pressure.
  • a first basic idea of the invention is the generation of periodic pulses or periodic pulse trains by a hydraulic generator and the simultaneous operation of a pump for reducing the pressure in the well, thereby producing the necessary drawdown pressure.
  • the reservoir pressure pulse processing is carried out simultaneously with the creation of (a regulated) reservoir drawdown pressure, using the pump.
  • the pump is preferably an ejector pump (or jet pump).
  • a second basic idea of the invention is the conduction of a preliminary study in a test unit with a view to determining operating parameters of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator (i.e. its pulse amplitude and pulse frequency) and the total pressure to be established in the well.
  • the preliminary study is carried out for experimentally determining optimal values of the total pressure in the well and of the fluid pulse amplitude and fluid pulse frequency of the impulse generator.
  • Optimal parameters are in particular such parameters where the permeability of the reservoir reaches a high, preferably a maximum value.
  • the inventive method can be used in particular for the intensification of oil and/or gas recovery from the so-called "traditional" permeable reservoirs, such as for example sandstone or limestone, by increasing the permeability of the layer zones in case of contamination (clogging).
  • the permeability of a reservoir bottom-hole zone may be increased by the creation of microfractures. These microfractures will accelerate, under the effect of a drawdown pressure, the movement of clogging substances, such as microparticles of clay and/or rock, paraffin solutions, resins, asphaltenes, mud particles, etc. towards the well.
  • inventive technology can be used to stimulate the production of oil and/or gas from tight or impermeable rocks of shale and/or coal beds, as well as the intensification of layer fracturing (fracking) by creating a network of micro-cracks, which lead, as a result, to the increase of inner surface. This ultimately leads to the intensification of the process, i.e. the transition of the oil and/or gas molecules from the rock formation to the fracture area.
  • the total pressure in the well (sum-pressure) is the sum of a mean pressure of the fluid pulses generated by the hydraulic pressure impulse generator and of the pressure generated by the pump working in the well.
  • the pump placed in the well reduces the pressure in the well, in particular in a packer zone.
  • the hydraulic pressure impulse generator increases the pressure by means of a constant component of the fluid pulse pressure (fluid pressure pulses). This constant component in turn depends on the fluid pulse amplitude and the fluid pulse frequency (duty cycle).
  • the total pressure in the well depends on the suction pressure of the pump placed in the well and on the fluid pulse amplitude and fluid pulse frequency of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator.
  • the preliminary study in the test unit permits determining experimentally the amplitude and the frequency of the pulses, and thus compute its effective mean pressure value, as well as the needed total pressure (sum-pressure) in the well. It is, therefore, an advantage of the present invention that these parameters can be determined beforehand, i.e. before actually operating the pump and the hydraulic pressure impulse generator in the well.
  • a fluid pulse amplitude, a fluid pulse frequency and a pressure (or pressure profile) in a test unit, in which a sample is placed are sequentially changed to values at which the sample reaches a maximum permeability.
  • the values are determined experimentally in a test unit.
  • the test unit comprises a test chamber (study chamber), in which the sample, preferably a rock sample, is placed.
  • the sample can be a sample, for example a core, taken from the reservoir.
  • the sample is placed in the test chamber of the test unit.
  • the test chamber is preferably a pressure chamber.
  • the sample is preferably pressurized.
  • values or ranges of values for the fluid pulse amplitude and frequency and total pressure in the well can be determined.
  • a sample representative of the reservoir is exposed in the test unit to fluid pressure pulses (a fluid pulse pressure).
  • the fluid pressure pulses are created by a hydraulic pressure impulse generator of the test unit, which can also be referred to as a test hydraulic pressure impulse generator.
  • the test hydraulic pressure impulse generator can be of the same type or a different type as the hydraulic pressure impulse generator used within the well.
  • a hydraulic pressure impulse generator is well known in the art and operated by a continuous flow of a working fluid to the generator.
  • a valve of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator is operated at a given frequency to generate a pulsed flow of the working fluid, thereby generating fluid pulses on the fluid in the well.
  • conditions relative to pressure and/or temperature are established in the test unit, which are (is) representative of the reservoir.
  • thermobaric conditions relevant to (representative of) the reservoir conditions are created in the test unit, in particular in the test chamber of the test unit.
  • the reservoir as referred herein, preferably in means an area surrounding the well, in particular the part of the well where the hydraulic pressure impulse generator is placed.
  • the chamber of the test unit is pressurized to a pressure value according to the reservoir conditions.
  • a fluid pulse amplitude and a fluid pulse frequency of a hydraulic pressure impulse generator of a test unit are sequentially changed.
  • the change of these parameters aims at finding optimal parameters, where the permeability of the sample reaches a high, preferably a maximum value.
  • the permeability of the sample is determined by standard methods as known in the art. For determining the conditions in which a maximum permeability of the sample in the test unit is reached, a rock fatigue fracturing is created in the test unit.
  • a pressure drop over a sample is sequentially changed. This can be achieved by controlling a fluid flow via the sample.
  • the sample can be exposed to a flow of fluid routed through the sample.
  • the pressure drop in the sample can be changed.
  • a suction pressure of a pump of the test unit (test pump) is sequentially changed.
  • a pressure at the inlet of a pump (test pump) is changed or varied.
  • the change of the pressure drop and/or the change of the suction pressure, or inlet pressure of the pump aims at finding an optimal pressure, i.e. a value of a pressure where the permeability of the sample reaches a high, in particular maximum value.
  • the total pressure to be established in the well is calculated as a sum of a mean pressure generated by a hydraulic pressure impulse generator of the test unit (test hydraulic pressure impulse generator) and a pressure drop in (across) the sample.
  • the total pressure is a sum of two pressures: mean pressure from the pulse (impulse) generator and pressure drop in (across) the tested sample.
  • the simultaneous operation of the pump (preferably ejector pump) and the impulse generator (downhole generator) generates a certain amount (value) of the total pressure, and thus the drawdown pressure.
  • the pressure at the inlet nozzle of the ejector pump and preferably at the inlet of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator are changed (varied).
  • the change of the pressure at the inlet of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator changes its amplitude (and/or its frequency).
  • the optimal value of the specified pressure is not determined numerically.
  • the test unit creates thermobaric conditions that correspond to the reservoir conditions of a particular oil and/ or gas field.
  • a stress-strain state of the formation is simulated by the simultaneous operation of a pump (test pump) and a hydraulic pressure impulse generator in the test unit.
  • the conditions in the well are modelled/simulated in a test unit on a sample which is preferably a reservoir rock sample (core), which has been taken preferably from the actual reservoir.
  • the test unit or test device for testing the permeability of a sample (core sample, sample core) under pressure pulses preferably comprises a high pressure chamber, a core sample holder, a hydraulic pressure impulse generator (hydraulic generator, test hydraulic pressure impulse generator), a heating unit, and a pump supplying fluid to the hydraulic generator.
  • the test unit preferably comprises a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet of the high pressure chamber. In the high pressure chamber, fluid is routed from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet (only) via (through) the sample. The pressure drop in the sample is varied.
  • the fluid pulse amplitude and a fluid pulse frequency of the test hydraulic pressure impulse generator are varied. The pressure drop and the fluid pulse amplitude and frequency are varied so as to find optimal values, i.e. values where the sample reaches a predetermined or maximum permeability.
  • the laboratory trials aim at investigating the permeability of the sample (core).
  • permeability By varying the pressure drop across the rock sample as well as the mean component of the generator pulses pressures (by changing the pulse amplitude and pulse frequency) a maximum possible (for the given conditions) permeability (amount of fracturing) of the sample can be determined/achieved.
  • layer water extracted from the investigated oil or gas field can be used. It is also possible to add additives, such as surfactants.
  • the drawdown pressure ⁇ P is the difference between the reservoir pressure P r and the pressure Pt in the borehole at the depth of the reservoir. Therefore, the drawdown pressure ⁇ P can be calculated from the total pressure Pt in the well, as determined in the test unit by maximizing the permeability of the sample.
  • the total pressure Pt in the well is the sum of a mean pressure generated by the hydraulic pressure impulse generator and the suction pressure of the pump, in particular ejector pump.
  • ⁇ P P r - P e -P c , where P r is the reservoir pressure, P e is the pressure component of the total pressure in the well generated by the running ejector pump and P c is the constant (mean) pressure component of the total pressure in the well generated by the running hydraulic pressure impulse generator (hydrogenerator).
  • a drawdown pressure ⁇ P (P r - Pt), in which P r is a reservoir pressure and Pt is the total pressure in the well, is maintained within predetermined limits, and more preferably kept constant (over time).
  • the fluid pulse amplitude and/or the fluid pulse frequency of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator are changed during the operation of the pump and the hydraulic pressure impulse generator in the well, i.e. while the pump and the hydraulic pressure impulse generator are running in the well (synchronous operation of pump and hydraulic pressure impulse generator).
  • a drawdown pressure ⁇ P (P r -Pt), in which P r is a reservoir pressure and Pt is the total pressure in the well, is maintained within predetermined limits, more preferably kept constant, by changing at least the fluid pulse amplitude and/or the fluid pulse frequency of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator.
  • a drawdown pressure ⁇ P (P r -Pt), in which P r is a reservoir pressure and Pt is the total pressure in the well, is maintained within predetermined limits, more preferably kept constant, by changing at least a suction pressure of the pump.
  • the total pressure in the well is maintained within predetermined limits, more preferably kept constant, in particular by changing at least the fluid pulse amplitude and/or the fluid pulse frequency of the impulse generator and/or by changing at least a suction pressure of the pump. This ensures an active or progressing creation of fatigue cracks in the reservoir.
  • the total pressure is kept constant and equal to the pressure determined at the preliminary study of the sample.
  • a feature of the invention can be seen in the fact that the total pressure in the well and/or the drawdown pressure is kept constant during the synchronous functioning of the pump (ejector pump) and the hydraulic pressure impulse generator.
  • the fluid pulse amplitude and/or the fluid pulse frequency are varied so as to maintain the total pressure in the well and, accordingly, the drawdown pressure, so as to meet the criteria of fatigue cracks occurrence in the reservoir (formation, rock), thus permanently increasing its permeability.
  • the value of the drawdown pressure, or pressure differential, ⁇ P is determined experimentally according to the study, as described herein.
  • the change of the fluid pulse frequency and amplitude can be done manually and/or automatically.
  • the opening of an oil-bearing layer with a well changes the stress-strain state of the reservoir (formation, rocks) in the near-wellbore area as compared with the stress-strain state before opening the reservoir.
  • the stress-strain state of the rock formation is changed, which, during the action of signalternating stresses due to the impulse generator, leads to the creation of cracks which in turn leads to the increased permeability of the formation.
  • local permeability is increased by acting on the rock with sign-variable pressures to form additional grid rock cracks, wherein a periodic pulse pressure (or periodic pressure pulses) is (are) generated in the liquid medium of the well.
  • the sign-variable pressures generated in the formation (rocks) cause elastic vibrations in the formation (rocks).
  • the sum-pressure in the well during the synchronous functioning of the pump and the impulse generator determines the stress-strain state of the reservoir bottom-hole zone, and thus the fatigue strength of the (rock) reservoir.
  • the required total pressure determined during the preliminary study is preferably kept constant by changing the flow rate and/or the pressure at the inlet of the ejector pump and/or the hydraulic pressure impulse generator.
  • the total pressure in the well, when the pump and the hydraulic pressure generator are operated, is preferably maintained within limits that have been determined before during the preliminary study (laboratory test) of the rock samples.
  • depth gauge is set. If necessary, the pressure at the inlet of the ejector pump as well as the pressure and flow rate at the inlet of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator are changed to maintain the total pressure within predetermined limits.
  • the fluid pulse amplitude and duty cycle should be regularly adjusted to maintain a constant value ⁇ P.
  • a basic aspect of the invention is the change of the fluid pulse amplitude and the fluid pulse frequency of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator, as well as preferably also a suction pressure of the pump in the well, based on results from a preliminary study carried out in a test unit with the use of a sample taken from the reservoir, wherein the preliminary study determines values of fluid pulse amplitude and frequency, as well as preferably also a suction pressure of the pump, where permeability of the sample reaches a maximum value.
  • Fig. 1 shows in particular an equipment for a reservoir stimulation, i.e., for enhancing oil and/or gas recovery from a reservoir.
  • an ejector pump 2 and a packer 3 are run into a well 7 on a tubing pipe 1 (tubing, tubing string).
  • the well 7 includes perforations 8.
  • the well 7 includes a vertical portion 7a and a substantially horizontal portion 7b.
  • the perforations 8 are arranged at the horizontal portion 7b of the well 7.
  • the perforations 8 are arranged at a lower portion of the well 7.
  • the packer 3 is placed within the well 7, preferably at a distance of at least 5 meters, in particular, at least 10 meters above the perforations 8 (in particular, upper perforations at the horizontal portion 7b).
  • a flexible tube 4 having at its distal end a hydraulic pressure impulse generator 5 is passed through a passage hole of the ejector pump 2 by means of a coiled tubing facility.
  • a sealing 6 is introduced together with the flexible tube 4 for sealing a downward fluid path to the ejector pump 2 against a fluid path of extracted fluid from the well.
  • the hydraulic pressure impulse generator 5 is installed in an area of the well 7 having the perforations 8. After treatment of the reservoir at a first position, the hydraulic pressure impulse generator 5 is sequentially set in following positions in the zone of perforations, preferably with a pitch that is equal to the length of a radiating part of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator 5.
  • Working fluid is injected into the tubing pipe or tubing string 1, thereby creating a pressure decrease in the area of the packer 3, using the ejector pump 2. The pressure is decreased to a value that depends on the strength characteristic of the casing (well) and/or the cement stone, and is determined by standard methods. Additionally, a working fluid is injected into the flexible tube 4 towards the hydraulic pressure impulse generator 5, thereby producing a sequence of specific fluid pressure pulses.
  • the fluid pressure pulses have a constant pressure component.
  • the value of the total pressure in the well is determined by the preliminary study according to the invention.
  • the fluid pulse amplitude and fluid pulse frequency of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator 5 are changed during the treatment of the reservoir. This is done, in particular, by changing the flow rate and/or the pressure of the fluid in the flexible tube 4, in particular at the inlet of the hydraulic pressure impulse generator 5.
  • the ejector pump 2 without the impulse generator 5 will reduce the pressure in the well below the packer 3.
  • an ejector pump 2 of the type Y ⁇ OC-5M can be used, which is able to lower the pressure in the wellbore at a depth of 3000 m to 0.1 MPa. I.e. the ejector pump 2 almost completely relieves the hydrostatic head pressure in the wellbore.
  • the pressure in the wellbore during running the ejector pump 2 depends on the pressure at the inlet of the pump nozzle.
  • the impulse generator 5 itself with an idle ejector pump would increase the pressure in the wellbore.
  • Fig. 2 shows a test unit or test device 20 for testing the permeability of a sample 30 or sample core under pressure pulses.
  • the modeling of the stress-strain state of the sample 30 during the functioning of the ejector pump 2 and of the impulse generator 5 can be performed on a testing device or test unit 20 that will be described in the following:
  • An inlet conduit 32 is connected to an inlet side of the high pressure chamber 21 and an outlet conduit 34 is connected to an outlet side of the high pressure chamber 21.
  • a flowmeter 26 For measuring the flow of fluid out of the high pressure chamber 21 (through the outlet conduit 34), a flowmeter 26 (flow measuring unit) is provided.
  • a manometer 27 is provided for measuring the pressure at the input of the core holder 22 or at the inlet side of the high pressure chamber 21, in particular in the inlet conduit 32.
  • the test unit 20 can be named a device for testing the permeability of a core or core sample.
  • the core holder 22 with the heater 24 allow creating the required thermobaric conditions that correspond to those in an actual reservoir.
  • the deployment of the testing device is realized as follows: The pressure at the input of the core holder 22 is set to the actual reservoir pressure in the investigated reservoir. Once a filtration process of a working fluid through the tested sample or core 30 is established, the indication of the flowmeter 26 and the temperature in the high-pressure chamber 21, which is set equal to the temperature in the tested reservoir, are noted.
  • the permeability of the core 30 through the creation of fatigue cracks in the core material is increased. It is measured by the flow measured with flowmeter 26.
  • the amplitude and frequency of the hydraulic generator 23 are changed so as to increase the flow through the sample, i.e. the flow measured by the flowmeter 26.
  • the hydraulic generator 23 is temporarily switched off, and the permeability of the test core 30 is then measured. This can generally be done by using standard permeability estimation methods. Then, the hydraulic generator 23 is restarted and the amplitude and frequency can be increased further.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
EP15169228.2A 2015-05-26 2015-05-26 Procédé de récupération de pétrole et/ou de gaz Withdrawn EP3098378A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP15169228.2A EP3098378A1 (fr) 2015-05-26 2015-05-26 Procédé de récupération de pétrole et/ou de gaz

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15169228.2A EP3098378A1 (fr) 2015-05-26 2015-05-26 Procédé de récupération de pétrole et/ou de gaz

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EP3098378A1 true EP3098378A1 (fr) 2016-11-30

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111561284A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-08-21 湖北省息壤科技有限公司 一种机械振动解堵增注增油方法及机械振动装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030042018A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2003-03-06 Chun Huh Method for improving oil recovery by delivering vibrational energy in a well fracture
UA63412A (en) 2003-04-15 2004-01-15 Method for treatment of the critical area of formation
US20050189108A1 (en) * 1997-03-24 2005-09-01 Pe-Tech Inc. Enhancement of flow rates through porous media
US20060137872A1 (en) * 2003-01-15 2006-06-29 Alexander Steinbrecher Method and device for intensifying the permeability of ground layers close to bore holes and filter bodies and filter layers in wells and other produciton wells
US20100290313A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2010-11-18 Canasonics Inc. Pulse stimulation tool and method of use
UA100920C2 (uk) 2011-04-15 2013-02-11 Івано-Франківський Національний Технічний Університет Нафти І Газу Імпульсний генератор
US20150075867A1 (en) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Downhole pulse generating device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050189108A1 (en) * 1997-03-24 2005-09-01 Pe-Tech Inc. Enhancement of flow rates through porous media
US20030042018A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2003-03-06 Chun Huh Method for improving oil recovery by delivering vibrational energy in a well fracture
US20060137872A1 (en) * 2003-01-15 2006-06-29 Alexander Steinbrecher Method and device for intensifying the permeability of ground layers close to bore holes and filter bodies and filter layers in wells and other produciton wells
UA63412A (en) 2003-04-15 2004-01-15 Method for treatment of the critical area of formation
US20100290313A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2010-11-18 Canasonics Inc. Pulse stimulation tool and method of use
UA100920C2 (uk) 2011-04-15 2013-02-11 Івано-Франківський Національний Технічний Університет Нафти І Газу Імпульсний генератор
US20150075867A1 (en) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Downhole pulse generating device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111561284A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-08-21 湖北省息壤科技有限公司 一种机械振动解堵增注增油方法及机械振动装置
CN111561284B (zh) * 2020-06-23 2022-02-08 湖北省息壤科技有限公司 一种机械振动解堵增注增油方法及机械振动装置

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