EP3092087B1 - Rolling rod as an inner tool in the production of seamless metal hollow bodies and method for producing a metal hollow body - Google Patents
Rolling rod as an inner tool in the production of seamless metal hollow bodies and method for producing a metal hollow body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3092087B1 EP3092087B1 EP15700041.5A EP15700041A EP3092087B1 EP 3092087 B1 EP3092087 B1 EP 3092087B1 EP 15700041 A EP15700041 A EP 15700041A EP 3092087 B1 EP3092087 B1 EP 3092087B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rolling
- rod
- rolling rod
- stand
- hollow block
- Prior art date
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims description 133
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B25/00—Mandrels for metal tube rolling mills, e.g. mandrels of the types used in the methods covered by group B21B17/00; Accessories or auxiliary means therefor ; Construction of, or alloys for, mandrels or plugs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B17/00—Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling
- B21B17/02—Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling with mandrel, i.e. the mandrel rod contacts the rolled tube over the rod length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rolling rod as an internal tool in the manufacture of seamless metallic hollow bodies, in particular when stretching metallic hollow blocks to seamless pipes by means of a multi-stand rolling mill, with a surface having a nitriding layer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a seamless hot-rolled metallic hollow body, in particular steel tube, in which a previously produced hollow block subjected to a stretching in a roller bar threaded therein according to the present invention, in a multi-stand rolling mill and the rolling rod before the roll insert, ie the Start the threading in the hollow block, provided with a liquid lubricant and which is then dried.
- the preamble of claim 1 is based on the EP 0 601 932 .
- a skew rolling mill produces a so-called hollow block out of a usually massive block.
- pre-drilled blocks can be used instead of solid blocks.
- the second rolling stage of the hollow block is stretched, which today predominantly multi-stand rod mills are used.
- the stretching of the incoming into the rolling mill about 1000 to 1200 ° C hot block takes place via a rolling rod.
- the rolling rod is threaded into the hollow block and usually transported via a driven transport roller to the first rolling stand.
- the number of rolls per framework is usually at least two, today often three, where the process flow is as follows. Bar rolling mills are distinguished on the one hand by the way in which the bar speed is controlled, and on the other by the number of rolls per stand, wherein two or three rolls may be present. There are always several scaffolds connected in series. In the process variant considered here, the rolling rod moves during the actual rolling process at a constant speed through the rolling mill. For this purpose, it must be restrained by an electromechanical system and controlled for constant roll bar speed.
- the restraint system is called a retainer.
- a lubricant In order for the hollow block to be rolled to be able to slide on the rolling bar after the rolling rod has been threaded into the hollow block during the longitudinal stretching during rolling, it must first be provided with a lubricant.
- a graphite-containing lubricant in liquid form is sprayed onto the roll bar and dried at temperatures of 80 to 130 ° C. At lower temperatures the lubricant does not dry out completely, at higher temperatures the so-called Leidenfrost effect occurs, whereby a uniform layer does not occur and parts of the surface remain unlubricated. It is therefore attempted to carry out the drying at temperatures below 100 ° C.
- the hollow block located on the rolling rod is then rolled in the bar mill to a so-called mother tube.
- Mother tube because pipes with different finished diameters can be produced in the third rolling stage by misconductwalzen or stretching reduced from the same mother pipe dimension.
- the rolling rod itself usually consists of a working part and a blind part. The dummy part is required to bridge the necessary process distances. On the blind part of the rolling rod is therefore not rolled.
- bar length will be used for the length of the working part.
- the nitrided layer is supplemented by an oxide layer to be applied thereto.
- the layer thickness of the nitriding layer is specified as 50-500 micrometers, the oxide layer as 3-20 micrometers.
- the difficulty of using surface nitrided billets known per se is that of the entire process, from the manufacture of the billets to the pre-treatment of the billet, the lubrication of the billet and The rolling process itself, so coordinated that a secure rolling process is ensured both for steel tubes made of unalloyed steel grades to heavy thermoformable chromium-containing steels.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a rolling rod as an internal tool in the manufacture of seamless metallic hollow bodies, in particular when stretching metallic hollow blocks to seamless pipes by means of a multi-stand rolling mill, and a method for producing a seamless hot-rolled metallic hollow body, in particular steel pipe, which, at Hardly deformable pipe materials, in particular chromium-containing pipe materials, an improved service life of the rolling rod achieved and occurring during rolling errors on the inner surface of the tube can be effectively minimized or avoided.
- Next is to be achieved in comparison with the known nitrided rolling rods a comparable or better life waiving the de-oxidation of the hollow block inner surface with borax-containing agents.
- a rod is to be obtained under a rolling rod, which, contrary to a mandrel rod, does not have a head with an enlarged diameter but is a rod with a round cross section of constant size.
- the proposed method and the rolling rod used for it have the advantage that now hollow body made of difficult to convert materials with optimum inner surface can be produced economically at the same time significantly increased life of the rolling rod.
- the rod surface In order to ensure the successful entry of rolling rods, the rod surface must have a certain minimum hardness before nitriding. Investigations have shown that this limit at 200 HV 0.5 measured is 0.5 mm below the surface of the unnitrided rod. It is advantageous if this minimum hardness extends into the core of the rod, wherein at least 50% of the diameter of the rolling rod should be at least 60% of the minimum hardness available.
- the application of the nitriding layer on the rolling rod is done according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention at a temperature which is at most 20% below the tempering temperature of the steel material of the rolling rod.
- the method does not matter.
- the only important factor is the formation of the nitriding layer in the required form. This should advantageously have a Nitrierhärtiefe of more than 0.15 mm.
- a near-surface hardness of more than 950 HV 0.5 is necessary, measured on the cross sections of reference samples that follow the nitriding process.
- Table 1a shows the chemical composition of various tested bar materials.
- Table 1b shows the calculated values for the chromium equivalent Cr eq - calculated according to the equation (1)
- Cr eq . (% By weight) % Cr +% Mo + 1.5 x% Si + 0.5 x% Nb + 2 x% Ti and whether a sufficient nitriding layer thickness, nitriding layer depth and basic hardness were achieved.
- material Cr eq . sufficient nitriding layer thickness, nitriding layer depth and basic hardness A min 6.6 Yes Max 8.5 B min 7.1 Yes Max 8.8 C min 12 Yes Max 8.8 D Ref. 6.1 No e Ref. 2.0 No
- the materials A, B and C have a chromium equivalent which is above the required value of 6.5, while the reference materials D and E have lower values.
- the hot-working steel used must still have a yield strength of at least 450 MPa and a tensile strength of at least 600 MPa at 500 ° C, in addition to the already mentioned chromium equivalent.
- the lubricant must meet certain conditions. When sprayed onto the rolling rod, lubricants still contain water, which should preferably be completely evaporated before being threaded into the hollow block. To ensure complete evaporation, the surface temperature of the roll bar should be at least 70 ° C before applying the lubricant.
- the residual dry quantity requires a basis weight of at least 40 g / m 2 lubricant on the rolling rod in order to ensure a sufficient lubricating effect during rolling. It has proved to be particularly advantageous when rolling steels with a chromium content of more than 5% by weight when a dry lubricant quantity of lubricant, ie at least 80 g / m 2 , which is at least twice as large, is applied to the rolling rod.
- the applied amount of the lubricant is here related to the surface of the rolling rod.
- the load is distributed over the largest possible length.
- the working part of the rolling rod L ST must not be too long, otherwise the rod weights are too large. It has proven particularly advantageous if the rod length is limited to a maximum of 50% of the maximum possible rolling length in the rod rolling mill.
- the rolling rod consists of a working part and a blind part, wherein at least the working part is provided with the nitriding layer.
- the speed of the rod V ST must not exceed a maximum value for the ratio bar length / rolling time, because otherwise the working range of the bars during rolling is exceeded.
- rolling time here the rolling time of the last stand of the bar mill is defined.
- V STMAX 0.9 ⁇ rod length / Walzzeit last framework
- this game should be at least 10 mm and the average temperature of the hollow block above 1000 ° C.
- the roll bar according to the invention and the rolling process according to the invention already excellent service life of the rolling rods can be realized without causing an additional de-oxidation of the inner surface of the Hollow blocks required, it may occasionally be advantageous for very difficult to be formed materials to perform an additional de-oxidation, in which case the basis weight of the de-oxidizing agent at least 100 g / m 2 and the time between the end of the application of the de-oxidizing agent and the beginning Rolling on the roll bar should be at least 30 s.
- the applied amount of the de-oxidizing agent is based on the inner surface of the hollow block.
- the nitriding of the surface of the rolling rod according to the invention is carried out so that the formation of pores open to the surface is promoted, which act as lubricant pockets or reservoirs and thus increase the service life of the rolling rod by improved lubrication.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Walzstange als Innenwerkzeug beim Herstellen von nahtlosen metallischen Hohlkörpern, insbesondere beim Strecken von metallischen Hohlblöcken zu nahtlosen Rohren mittels eines mehrgerüstigen Walzwerks, mit einer eine Nitrierschicht aufweisenden Oberfläche. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nahtlos warmgewalzten metallischen Hohlkörpers, insbesondere Stahlrohres, bei dem ein zuvor erzeugter Hohlblock über eine darin eingefädelte Walzstange gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, in einem mehrgerüstigen Walzwerk einem Streckvorgang unterzogen und die Walzstange vor dem Walzeinsatz, also dem Beginn des Einfädelns in den Hohlblock, mit einem flüssigen Schmiermittel versehen und welches anschließend getrocknet wird. Der Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 basiert auf der
Stangenwalzwerke werden zum einen unterschieden nach der Art, wie die Stangengeschwindigkeit kontrolliert wird, und zum anderen nach der Anzahl der Walzen pro Gerüst, wobei zwei oder drei Walzen vorhanden sein können. Es sind immer mehrere Gerüste hintereinandergeschaltet. Bei der hier betrachteten Verfahrensvariante bewegt sich die Walzstange beim eigentlichen Walzvorgang mit einer konstanten Geschwindigkeit durch das Walzwerk. Dazu muss diese von einem elektromechanischen System zurückgehalten und für die konstante Walzstangengeschwindigkeit auch kontrolliert geführt werden. Das Rückhaltesystem wird Retainer genannt. Damit der zu walzende Hohlblock nach dem Einfädeln der Walzstange in den Hohlblock bei der Längsstreckung während des Walzens auf der Walzstange gleiten kann, muss diese zuvor mit einem Schmiermittel versehen sein. Üblicherweise wird dafür ein graphithaltiges Schmiermittel in flüssiger Form auf die Walzstange aufgesprüht und bei Temperaturen von 80 bis 130°C getrocknet. Bei niedrigeren Temperaturen trocknet das Schmiermittel nicht sicher vollständig aus, bei höheren Temperaturen kommt es zum sogenannten Leidenfrosteffekt, wodurch sich keine gleichmäßige Schicht einstellt und Teile der Oberfläche ungeschmiert bleiben. Es wird deshalb versucht, die Trocknung bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 100°C durchzuführen.The invention relates to a rolling rod as an internal tool in the manufacture of seamless metallic hollow bodies, in particular when stretching metallic hollow blocks to seamless pipes by means of a multi-stand rolling mill, with a surface having a nitriding layer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a seamless hot-rolled metallic hollow body, in particular steel tube, in which a previously produced hollow block subjected to a stretching in a roller bar threaded therein according to the present invention, in a multi-stand rolling mill and the rolling rod before the roll insert, ie the Start the threading in the hollow block, provided with a liquid lubricant and which is then dried. The preamble of
Bar rolling mills are distinguished on the one hand by the way in which the bar speed is controlled, and on the other by the number of rolls per stand, wherein two or three rolls may be present. There are always several scaffolds connected in series. In the process variant considered here, the rolling rod moves during the actual rolling process at a constant speed through the rolling mill. For this purpose, it must be restrained by an electromechanical system and controlled for constant roll bar speed. The restraint system is called a retainer. In order for the hollow block to be rolled to be able to slide on the rolling bar after the rolling rod has been threaded into the hollow block during the longitudinal stretching during rolling, it must first be provided with a lubricant. Usually, a graphite-containing lubricant in liquid form is sprayed onto the roll bar and dried at temperatures of 80 to 130 ° C. At lower temperatures the lubricant does not dry out completely, at higher temperatures the so-called Leidenfrost effect occurs, whereby a uniform layer does not occur and parts of the surface remain unlubricated. It is therefore attempted to carry out the drying at temperatures below 100 ° C.
Zusätzlich zur Schmierung der Walzstange werden gemäß der europäischen Patentschrift
Der auf der Walzstange befindliche Hohlblock wird dann im Stangenwalzwerk zu einem sogenannten Mutterrohr ausgewalzt. Mutterrohr deshalb, weil in der dritten Walzstufe durch Maßwalzen oder Streckreduzieren aus der gleichen Mutterrohrabmessung Rohre mit verschiedenen Fertigdurchmessern erzeugt werden können. Die Walzstange selbst besteht im Regelfall aus einem Arbeitsteil und einem Blindteil. Der Blindteil ist erforderlich, um prozesstechnisch notwendige Distanzen zu überbrücken. Auf dem Blindteil der Walzstange wird deshalb nicht gewalzt. Im Folgenden wird der Einfachheit halber der Begriff Stangenlänge für die Länge des Arbeitsteils verwendet.The hollow block located on the rolling rod is then rolled in the bar mill to a so-called mother tube. Mother tube, because pipes with different finished diameters can be produced in the third rolling stage by Maßwalzen or stretching reduced from the same mother pipe dimension. The rolling rod itself usually consists of a working part and a blind part. The dummy part is required to bridge the necessary process distances. On the blind part of the rolling rod is therefore not rolled. Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity, the term bar length will be used for the length of the working part.
Obwohl üblicherweise als Stangenwerkstoff hochwarmfeste Stähle auf Basis Chrom-Molybdän eingesetzt werden, sind besonders die schwer umformbaren Werkstoffe problematisch zu walzen. Solche Werkstoffe enthalten häufig Chrom, wie z.B. 100 Cr6 oder die korrosionsbeständigen Stähle für den Energiesektor mit Chromgehalten größer 5 Gew.-%. Die Walzstange wird durch diese Werkstoffe übermäßig thermisch und abrasiv beansprucht und die Standzeit der Walzstange deutlich reduziert. Mit zunehmendem Chrom-Gehalt der Stähle nimmt dieses Problem zu. Zudem ist die Gefahr von Fehlern an der Innenoberfläche der Rohre durch frühzeitig verschlissene Walzstangen deutlich erhöht.Although usually as rod material high-temperature steels based on chromium-molybdenum are used, especially the difficult to transform materials problematic to roll. Such materials often contain chromium, such as 100 Cr6 or the corrosion-resistant steels for the energy sector with chromium contents greater than 5 wt .-%. The rolling rod is stressed by these materials excessively thermal and abrasive and significantly reduces the service life of the rolling rod. As the chromium content of the steels increases, this problem increases. In addition, the risk of defects on the inner surface of the tubes is significantly increased by early worn rods.
Zur Minimierung des Reibbeiwertes ist aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift
Um die Standzeit dieser hoch thermisch und abrasiv beanspruchten Walzstangen beim Walzen insbesondere chromhaltiger Stähle zu erhöhen und reibungsbedingte Fehler an den Innenoberflächen der Rohre zu minimieren, ist es aus der japanischen Offenlegungsschrift
In der japanischen Offenlegung
Bei Versuchen hat sich herausgestellt, dass beim Abreißen des Schmierfilms während des Walzens nitrierte Oberflächen zwar über Notlaufeigenschaften verfügen, die Standzeit der so behandelten Walzstangen aber noch nicht wesentlich verbessert und Fehler an den Innenoberflächen der Rohre noch nicht wesentlich verringert werden konnten.In tests, it has been found that when tearing off the lubricating film during rolling nitrided surfaces Although have runflat, but the life of the treated rolls so far not significantly improved and errors on the inner surfaces of the tubes could not be significantly reduced.
Die Schwierigkeit der Verwendung von an sich bekannten oberflächennitrierten Walzstangen besteht darin, den gesamten Prozess, von der Herstellung der Walzstangen über die Vorbehandlung des Hohlblocks, das Schmieren der Stange und den Walzprozess selbst, so aufeinander abzustimmen, dass sowohl für Stahlrohre aus unlegierten Stahlgüten bis hin zu schwer warmumformbaren chromhaltigen Stählen ein gesicherter Walzprozess gewährleistet ist.The difficulty of using surface nitrided billets known per se is that of the entire process, from the manufacture of the billets to the pre-treatment of the billet, the lubrication of the billet and The rolling process itself, so coordinated that a secure rolling process is ensured both for steel tubes made of unalloyed steel grades to heavy thermoformable chromium-containing steels.
Des Weiteren ist aus der deutschen Patentschrift
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Walzstange als Innenwerkzeug beim Herstellen von nahtlosen metallischen Hohlkörpern, insbesondere beim Strecken von metallischen Hohlblöcken zu nahtlosen Rohren mittels eines mehrgerüstigen Walzwerks, und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nahtlos warmgewalzten metallischen Hohlkörpers, insbesondere Stahlrohres, anzugeben, womit bei schwer umformbaren Rohrwerkstoffen, insbesondere chromhaltigen Rohrwerkstoffen, eine verbesserte Standzeit der Walzstange erreicht und beim Walzen entstehende Fehler an der Innenoberfläche des Rohres wirksam minimiert beziehungsweise vermieden werden. Weiter soll im Vergleich zu den bekannten nitrierten Walzstangen eine vergleichbare oder bessere Lebensdauer unter Verzicht auf das De-Oxidieren der Hohlblockinnenoberfläche mit boraxhaltigen Mitteln erzielt werden.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a rolling rod as an internal tool in the manufacture of seamless metallic hollow bodies, in particular when stretching metallic hollow blocks to seamless pipes by means of a multi-stand rolling mill, and a method for producing a seamless hot-rolled metallic hollow body, in particular steel pipe, which, at Hardly deformable pipe materials, in particular chromium-containing pipe materials, an improved service life of the rolling rod achieved and occurring during rolling errors on the inner surface of the tube can be effectively minimized or avoided. Next is to be achieved in comparison with the known nitrided rolling rods a comparable or better life waiving the de-oxidation of the hollow block inner surface with borax-containing agents.
Für die Walzstange wird diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Für das Verfahren wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Walzstange und des Verfahrens sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.For the rolling rod, this object is achieved with the features of
Nach der Lehre der Erfindung wird eine Walzstange als Innenwerkzeug beim Herstellen von nahtlosen metallischen Hohlkörpern, insbesondere beim Strecken von metallischen Hohlblöcken zu nahtlosen Rohren mittels eines mehrgerüstigen Walzwerks, verwendet, mit einer eine Nitrierschicht aufweisenden Oberfläche, wobei die Walzstange aus einem warmfesten Stahlwerkstoff besteht
- mit einem Chromäquivalent Cräq. von mehr als 6,5, berechnet nach Cräq. = % Cr + % Mo + 1,5 x % Si +0,5 x % Nb +2 x % Ti (1),
- mit einer Mindesthärte von 200
HV 0,5, gemessen 0,5 mm unter der Oberfläche der Walzstange, - mit einer Streckgrenze von mindestens 450 MPa bei 500°C und
- mit einer Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 600 MPa bei 500°C, und
- die Nitrierschicht ausgehend von der Oberfläche eine Tiefe von mehr als 0,15 mm und eine Nitrierhärte von mehr als 950
HV 0,5 aufweist.
- with one chromium equivalent Cr eq . of more than 6.5, calculated according to Cr eq . =% Cr +% Mo + 1.5 x% Si + 0.5 x% Nb + 2 x% Ti (1),
- with a minimum hardness of 200
HV 0,5, measured 0,5 mm below the surface of the rolling rod, - with a yield strength of at least 450 MPa at 500 ° C and
- having a tensile strength of at least 600 MPa at 500 ° C, and
- the nitriding layer, starting from the surface, has a depth of more than 0.15 mm and a nitriding hardness of more than 950 HV 0.5.
Des Weiteren stellt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nahtlos warmgewalzten metallischen Hohlkörpers, insbesondere Stahlrohres, bei dem ein zuvor erzeugter Hohlblock über eine darin eingefädelte und zuvor beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Walzstange in einem mehrgerüstigen Walzwerk einem Streckvorgang unterzogen und die Walzstange vor dem Walzeinsatz, also dem Beginn des Einfädelns in den Hohlblock, mit einem flüssigen Schmiermittel versehen und welches anschließend getrocknet wird, wobei die Walzstange mit einem Spiel im Sinne eines umlaufenden Umfangsspiels zum Innendurchmesser des Hohlblocks von mindestens 10 mm eingefädelt wird und der Hohlblock unmittelbar vor dem Beginn des Einfädelns der Stange eine mittlere Temperatur von mindestens 1000°C aufweist und die Stangengeschwindigkeit VST beim Walzen in einem Stangenwalzwerk im Sinne einer Maximalgeschwindigkeit den folgenden Bedingungen genügt:
Im Sinne der Erfindung ist unter einer Walzstange eine Stange zu erstehen, die entgegen einer Dornstange keinen Kopf mit vergrößerten Durchmesser aufweist sondern eine Stange mit einer runden Querschnitt mit gleichbleibender Größe ist.For the purposes of the invention, a rod is to be obtained under a rolling rod, which, contrary to a mandrel rod, does not have a head with an enlarged diameter but is a rod with a round cross section of constant size.
Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren und die dafür verwendete Walzstange haben den Vorteil, dass jetzt auch Hohlkörper aus schwer umformbaren Werkstoffen mit optimaler Innenoberfläche wirtschaftlich herstellbar sind bei gleichzeitig deutlich erhöhter Standzeit der Walzstange.The proposed method and the rolling rod used for it have the advantage that now hollow body made of difficult to convert materials with optimum inner surface can be produced economically at the same time significantly increased life of the rolling rod.
Dabei hat sich bei Versuchen überraschend herausgestellt, dass bei einem mehrgerüstigen Walzwerk die Kombination der erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale aus Walzstangenwerkstoff, Nitrierschicht und Länge des Arbeitsteils der Walzstange besonders vorteilhaft ist.It has surprisingly been found in experiments that in a multi-stand rolling mill, the combination of features according to the invention of rolled rod material, nitriding and length of the working part of the rolling rod is particularly advantageous.
Im Rahmen der durchgeführten Versuche wurden in einem ersten Schritt aus der Menge der Warmarbeitsstähle diejenigen ausgewählt, die für das Nitrieren geeignet sind und eine für den Walzprozess ausreichende Grundhärte ausweisen. Aus Tabelle 1 ist zu entnehmen, dass hierfür ein Chromäquivalent von größer 6,5 erforderlich ist, wobei sich hier das Chromäquivalent nach folgender Gleichung berechnet:
Um erfolgreich das Einfahren von Walzstangen zu gewährleisten, muss vor dem Nitrieren die Stangenoberfläche eine bestimmte Mindesthärte aufweisen. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass diese Grenze bei 200 HV 0,5 gemessen 0,5 mm unter der Oberfläche der unnitrierten Stange liegt. Es ist hierbei von Vorteil, wenn diese Mindesthärte bis in den Kern der Stange reicht, wobei bei 50 % des Durchmessers der Walzstange noch mindestens 60 % der Mindesthärte vorhanden sein sollten.In order to ensure the successful entry of rolling rods, the rod surface must have a certain minimum hardness before nitriding. Investigations have shown that this limit at 200 HV 0.5 measured is 0.5 mm below the surface of the unnitrided rod. It is advantageous if this minimum hardness extends into the core of the rod, wherein at least 50% of the diameter of the rolling rod should be at least 60% of the minimum hardness available.
Das Aufbringen der Nitrierschicht auf die Walzstange geschieht nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung bei einer Temperatur, die maximal 20% unterhalb der Anlasstemperatur des Stahlwerkstoffs der Walzstange liegt.The application of the nitriding layer on the rolling rod is done according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention at a temperature which is at most 20% below the tempering temperature of the steel material of the rolling rod.
Für das Nitrieren spielt die Methode, ob Gas- oder Plasma-basiert, keine Rolle. Wichtig ist allein die Ausbildung der Nitrierschicht in der geforderten Ausprägung. Diese sollte vorteilhaft eine Nitrierhärtetiefe von mehr als 0,15 mm aufweisen. Weiter ist eine oberflächennahe Härte von mehr als 950 HV 0,5 notwendig, gemessen an Querschliffen von beim Nitrierprozess mitlaufenden Referenzproben. Die folgende Tabelle 1a zeigt die chemische Zusammensetzung verschiedener untersuchter Stangenwerkstoffe.
Die nachfolgende Tabelle 1b zeigt die errechneten Werte für das Chromäquivalent Cräq - berechnet nach der Gleichung (1) Cräq. (Gew.-%) = % Cr + % Mo + 1,5 x % Si + 0,5 x % Nb + 2 x % Ti und ob eine ausreichende Nitrierschichtdicke, Nitrierschichttiefe und Grundhärte erreicht wurden.
Die Werkstoffe A, B und C haben ein Chromäquivalent, welches über dem geforderten Wert von 6,5 liegt, während die Referenzwerkstoffe D und E niedrigere Werte aufweisen.The materials A, B and C have a chromium equivalent which is above the required value of 6.5, while the reference materials D and E have lower values.
Für die ersten zwei Stangenmaterialien A, B nach Tabellen 1a und 1b zeigt
Da sich beim Walzen die Walzstangen deutlich, im Regelfall auf über 500°C, an der Oberfläche erwärmen und damit diese Erwärmung nicht zu Festigkeitsverlusten oder Schädigungen führt, muss der verwendete Warmarbeitsstahl zusätzlich zu dem bereits genannten Chromäquivalent noch eine Streckgrenze von mindestens 450 MPa und eine Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 600 MPa bei 500°C aufweisen.Since the rolling rods the rolling rods clearly, usually at over 500 ° C, at the To heat the surface and so that this heating does not lead to loss of strength or damage, the hot-working steel used must still have a yield strength of at least 450 MPa and a tensile strength of at least 600 MPa at 500 ° C, in addition to the already mentioned chromium equivalent.
Auch das Schmiermittel muss bestimmten Bedingungen genügen. Schmiermittel enthalten beim Aufsprühen auf die Walzstange noch Wasser, das möglichst vor dem Einfädeln in den Hohlblock vollständig verdampft sein sollte. Damit ein vollständiges Verdampfen gewährleistet ist, sollte die Oberflächentemperatur der Walzstange vor dem Aufbringen des Schmiermittels vorteilhaft mindestens 70°C betragen.Also, the lubricant must meet certain conditions. When sprayed onto the rolling rod, lubricants still contain water, which should preferably be completely evaporated before being threaded into the hollow block. To ensure complete evaporation, the surface temperature of the roll bar should be at least 70 ° C before applying the lubricant.
Bei den Versuchen hat sich außerdem herausgestellt, dass als verbleibende Trockenmenge ein Flächengewicht von mindestens 40 g/m2 Schmiermittel auf der Walzstange erforderlich ist, um eine ausreichende Schmierwirkung während des Walzens zu gewährleisten. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich beim Walzen von Stählen mit einem Chromanteil von mehr als 5 Gew.-% herausgestellt, wenn eine mindestens doppelt so große Trockenmenge an Schmiermittel, also mindestens 80 g/m2, auf die Walzstange aufgebracht wird. Die aufgebrachte Menge des Schmiermittels ist hier auf die Oberfläche der Walzstange bezogen.It has also been found in the tests that the residual dry quantity requires a basis weight of at least 40 g / m 2 lubricant on the rolling rod in order to ensure a sufficient lubricating effect during rolling. It has proved to be particularly advantageous when rolling steels with a chromium content of more than 5% by weight when a dry lubricant quantity of lubricant, ie at least 80 g / m 2 , which is at least twice as large, is applied to the rolling rod. The applied amount of the lubricant is here related to the surface of the rolling rod.
Es hat sich weiterhin bei den Versuchen herausgestellt, dass eine Zeit nach dem Ende des Schmiermittelauftrags auf die Walzstange bis zum Beginn des Einfädelns der Walzstange in den Hohlblock von mindestens 60 Sekunden erforderlich ist, damit das Schmiermittel ausreichend trocknen kann.It has also been found in the experiments that a time is required after the end of the lubricant application to the rolling rod until the beginning of the threading of the rolling rod in the hollow block of at least 60 seconds, so that the lubricant can dry sufficiently.
Für die Lebensdauer der Stange ist es darüber hinaus förderlich, wenn die Belastung auf eine möglichst große Länge verteilt wird. Andererseits darf der Arbeitsteil der Walzstange LST nicht zu lang werden, da sonst die Stangengewichte zu groß werden. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich herausgestellt, wenn die Stangenlänge auf maximal 50 % der im Stangenwalzwerk maximal möglichen Walzlänge begrenzt wird.For the life of the rod, it is also beneficial if the load is distributed over the largest possible length. On the other hand, the working part of the rolling rod L ST must not be too long, otherwise the rod weights are too large. It has proven particularly advantageous if the rod length is limited to a maximum of 50% of the maximum possible rolling length in the rod rolling mill.
Hierfür gilt die Formel:
Hierbei besteht die Walzstange aus einem Arbeitsteil und einem Blindteil, wobei zumindest das Arbeitsteil mit der Nitrierschicht versehen ist.Here, the rolling rod consists of a working part and a blind part, wherein at least the working part is provided with the nitriding layer.
Gleichzeitig darf die Geschwindigkeit der Stange VST einen maximalen Wert für das Verhältnis Stangenlänge/Walzzeit nicht überschreiten, weil sonst der Arbeitsbereich der Stangen beim Walzen überschritten wird. Als Walzzeit ist hier die Walzzeit des letzten Gerüstes des Stangenwalzwerks definiert.At the same time, the speed of the rod V ST must not exceed a maximum value for the ratio bar length / rolling time, because otherwise the working range of the bars during rolling is exceeded. As rolling time here the rolling time of the last stand of the bar mill is defined.
Für einen gesicherten Prozessablauf empfiehlt es sich jedoch, die mögliche Geschwindigkeit nicht komplett auszunutzen und eine Obergrenze von 90 % dieses Wertes nicht zu überschreiten.
Zudem darf die Stangengeschwindigkeit VST nie die Geschwindigkeit VM des Rohrmaterials beim Walzen im Stangenwalzwerk überschreiten, da sich sonst die Richtung der Reibkräfte umkehrt. Auch hier ist eine Begrenzung auf 90 % des maximal erlaubten Wertes der Mindestgeschwindigkeit des Rohrmaterials VM min sinnvoll.
Zwei weitere Größen, die einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf das erfolgreiche Verwenden von nitrierten Walzstangen haben, sind die Differenz von Hohlblockinnendurchmesser zum Walzstangendurchmesser, Spiel genannt, und die Temperatur des Hohlblocks im Moment des Einfädelns der Walzstange.Two other sizes that have a significant impact on the successful use of nitrided billets are the difference in hollow billet diameter to billet diameter, called clearance, and the temperature of the billet at the time of threading the billet.
Um ein mögliches Abstreifen des Schmiermittels von der Walzstange beim Einfädeln in den Hohlblock zu vermeiden und dennoch ein sicheres Einfädeln zu gewährleisten, sollte dieses Spiel mindestens 10 mm betragen und die mittlere Temperatur des Hohlblocks über 1000°C liegen.In order to avoid a possible stripping of the lubricant from the roll bar during threading into the hollow block and yet to ensure a safe threading, this game should be at least 10 mm and the average temperature of the hollow block above 1000 ° C.
Wenngleich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Walzstange und dem erfindungsgemäßen Walzverfahren schon hervorragende Standzeiten der Walzstangen realisiert werden können, ohne dass es einer zusätzlichen De-Oxidierung der Innenoberfläche des Hohlblocks bedarf, kann es bei sehr schwer umzuformenden Werkstoffen fallweise vorteilhaft sein, eine zusätzliche De-Oxidation vorzunehmen, wobei dann das Flächengewicht des De-Oxidationsmittels mindestens 100 g/m2 und die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Aufbringens des De-Oxidationsmittels und dem Beginn des Walzens auf der Walzstange mindestens 30 s betragen sollte. Die aufgebrachte Menge des De-Oxidationsmittels ist dabei bezogen auf die Innenoberfläche des Hohlblocks.Although with the roll bar according to the invention and the rolling process according to the invention already excellent service life of the rolling rods can be realized without causing an additional de-oxidation of the inner surface of the Hollow blocks required, it may occasionally be advantageous for very difficult to be formed materials to perform an additional de-oxidation, in which case the basis weight of the de-oxidizing agent at least 100 g / m 2 and the time between the end of the application of the de-oxidizing agent and the beginning Rolling on the roll bar should be at least 30 s. The applied amount of the de-oxidizing agent is based on the inner surface of the hollow block.
Untersuchungsergebnisse zum Reibverhalten von unbehandelten, verchromten und nitrierten Walzstangen in Verbindung mit unterschiedlichen Schmiermitteln sind in
Es zeigt sich, dass die verchromte und geschmierte Oberfläche sogar schlechtere Werte für den Reibwertindikator ergibt als die unbehandelte, geschmierte Oberfläche (nicht in
Dieses Verhalten ist auch aus der Praxis bekannt. Das Schmiermittel haftet schlecht auf neu verchromten Stangen, so dass hier das De-Oxidieren des Hohlblocks, welches einen zusätzlichen Schmierfilm bewirkt, die Schmierung unterstützen muss. Zudem werden häufig weitere Maßnahmen wie Doppelschmieren oder Sonderschmiermittel zum Einfahren der Walzstange eingesetzt, was sehr aufwändig ist und zusätzliche Kosten verursacht.This behavior is also known from practice. The lubricant adheres poorly to newly chromed rods, so that here the de-oxidation of the hollow block, which causes an additional lubricating film, must support the lubrication. In addition, other measures such as double lubrication or special lubricants are often used for retracting the rolling rod, which is very complex and causes additional costs.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Nitrierung der Oberfläche der erfindungsgemäßen Walzstange so ausgeführt, dass die Bildung von zur Oberfläche hin offenen Poren begünstigt wird, die als Schmiermitteltaschen bzw. Reservoire wirken und so die Standzeit der Walzstange durch verbesserte Schmierung erhöhen.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the nitriding of the surface of the rolling rod according to the invention is carried out so that the formation of pores open to the surface is promoted, which act as lubricant pockets or reservoirs and thus increase the service life of the rolling rod by improved lubrication.
Claims (12)
- Rolling rod as an inner tool in the production of seamless metallic hollow bodies, in particular stretch-forming of metallic hollow blocks to form seamless pipes by means of a multiple-stand rolling mill, having a surface comprising a nitriding layer, characterised in that the rolling rod consists of a heat-resistant steel material having a chromium equivalent Creq. of more than 6.5, calculated according to Creq. = % Cr + % Mo + 1.5 x % Si + 0.5 x % Nb + 2 x % Ti (1), having a minimum hardness of 200 HV 0.5, measured 0.5 mm below the surface of the rolling rod, having a yield point of at least 450 MPa at 500°C and having a tensile strength of at least 600 MPa at 500°C, and that starting from the surface, the nitriding layer has a depth of more than 0.15 mm and a nitriding hardness of more than 950 HV 0.5.
- Rolling rod as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that at least 60% of the minimum hardness is still present in 50% of the diameter of the rolling rod.
- Rolling rod as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rolling rod has a nitriding layer which is applied at a maximum of 20% below the tempering temperature of the steel material.
- Rolling rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a lubricant which is applied onto the surface of the rolling rod and dried prior to the commencement of rolling has a surface weight of at least 40 g/m2.
- Rolling rod as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that for rolling of steels having chromium contents of more than 5 wt.% the surface weight of the lubricant applied onto the rolling rod is at least 80 g/m2.
- Multiple-stand rolling mill with a rolling rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the rolling rod consists of a working part and a blank part and the working part of the rolling rod LST has a maximum length, calculated according to the equation LST max = 0.5 x maximum pipe run-out length, last stand of a multiple-stand rolling mill (2).
- Method for producing a seamlessly hot-rolled, metallic hollow body, in particular a steel pipe, in which a previously produced hollow block is subjected to a stretch-forming procedure in a multiple-stand rolling mill by means of a rolling rod in accordance with claims 1 to 5 which is threaded therein, and prior to the commencement of rolling, i.e. the beginning of threading the rolling rod into the hollow block, the rolling rod is provided with a liquid lubricant and which is subsequently dried, characterised in that the rolling rod is threaded in with a clearance with respect to the inner diameter of the hollow block of at least 10 mm, and immediately prior to the commencement of threading-in of the rod, the hollow block has an average temperature of at least 1000°C and the rod speed VST during rolling in a rod rolling mill satisfies at most the following conditions: VSTmax = 0.9 x rod length / rolling time of last stand (3), VSTmax = 0.9 x VMmin (4), wherein VMmin is the minimum speed of the pipe material during rolling in the rod rolling mill.
- Method as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that a drying time between the end of lubrication of the rolling rod and prior to the first commencement of rolling of at least 60 seconds is maintained.
- Method as claimed in claim 7 and 8, characterised in that the liquid lubricant is applied onto the rolling rod at a surface temperature of the rolling rod of at least 70°C.
- Method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the quantity of liquid lubricant applied is metered in such a way that after drying a surface weight of at least 40 g/m2 is achieved.
- Method as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the quantity of liquid lubricant applied for rolling of steels having a chromium proportion of more than 5 % is metered in such a way that after drying a surface weight of at least 80 g/m2 is achieved.
- Method as claimed in claims 7 to 11, characterised in that the interior of the hollow block has a deoxidant applied to it prior to threading-in of the rolling rod, wherein the quantity of deoxidant is at least 100 g/m2 and the time between the end of the application of deoxidant and the beginning of rolling is at least 30 s.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102014100107.9A DE102014100107B4 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2014-01-07 | Roller rod as an internal tool in the manufacture of seamless metallic hollow bodies and method for producing a metallic hollow body |
PCT/EP2015/050065 WO2015104244A1 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2015-01-05 | Rolling rod as an inner tool in the production of seamless metal hollow bodies and method for producing a metal hollow body |
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EP3092087A1 EP3092087A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
EP3092087B1 true EP3092087B1 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
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EP15700041.5A Active EP3092087B1 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2015-01-05 | Rolling rod as an inner tool in the production of seamless metal hollow bodies and method for producing a metal hollow body |
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US (1) | US10239102B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3092087B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6603665B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105848798B (en) |
AR (1) | AR098859A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016010765B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014100107B4 (en) |
EA (1) | EA031146B1 (en) |
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DE102014110980B4 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2017-10-26 | Vallourec Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing hot-rolled seamless tubes with thickened ends |
DE102016106035A1 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland Gmbh | Cold pilger rolling mill and method of making a pipe |
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DE3742155C2 (en) | 1987-12-10 | 1995-01-05 | Mannesmann Ag | Device for the production of seamless pipes |
JPH05253613A (en) | 1992-03-10 | 1993-10-05 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Mandrel for hot extrusion |
JP2924523B2 (en) | 1992-12-11 | 1999-07-26 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Elongation rolling method of metal tube by mandrel mill |
JPH06262220A (en) | 1993-03-12 | 1994-09-20 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Mandrel bar for manufacturing hot seamless tube |
JP2822892B2 (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1998-11-11 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Mandrel bar for hot seamless tube rolling |
DE19714317C1 (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-06-18 | Mannesmann Ag | Surface treatment of steel tool, especially cold pilger rolling mandrel |
JP2003253422A (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-10 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Method for prolonging service life of tool such as mandrel and forming die, and tool of prolonged service life such as mandrel and forming die |
CN100464883C (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2009-03-04 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | Cr-plated mandrel bar for manufacturing hot seamless tube and method of manufacturing the same |
CN100522404C (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2009-08-05 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | Process for producing seamless steel pipe |
WO2007114173A1 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Mandrel bar for rolling of high alloy, method for surface treatment of the mandrel bar, method for manufacture of the mandrel bar, and method for operation of seamless steel pipe production apparatus |
JP4992603B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 | 2012-08-08 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Surface treatment method for mandrel bars for hot seamless pipes |
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