EP3075042A1 - Surge protector comprising a spark gap - Google Patents
Surge protector comprising a spark gapInfo
- Publication number
- EP3075042A1 EP3075042A1 EP15701306.1A EP15701306A EP3075042A1 EP 3075042 A1 EP3075042 A1 EP 3075042A1 EP 15701306 A EP15701306 A EP 15701306A EP 3075042 A1 EP3075042 A1 EP 3075042A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- spark gap
- active medium
- overvoltage protection
- pump source
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
Definitions
- Overvoltage protection with a spark gap The invention relates to overvoltage protection with a spark gap and with a laser for igniting the spark gap.
- the invention is based on the object, overvoltage protection of the type mentioned and a method for
- an overvoltage contactor according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 8.
- Advantageous embodiments of the overvoltage protection and the method are specified in the respective dependent claims.
- An overvoltage protection with a spark gap (which has electrodes opposite one another) and with a laser for igniting the spark gap is disclosed, wherein a laser-active medium of the laser radiation is used to generate laser radiation.
- Sers is arranged at the spark gap, and the pump source of the laser is spaced from the laser-active medium.
- the laser-active medium is arranged on the spark gap. As a result, it is not necessary to transmit the generated laser radiation (eg by means of an optical waveguide) to the spark gap. An energetically highly loadable optical waveguide is therefore not needed.
- the pump source of the laser is arranged at a distance from the laser-active medium. This achieves a spatial separation / decoupling between the laser-active medium and the pump source. As a result, for example, the pump source can be easily and inexpensively supplied with electrical energy, whereas the laser-active medium directly at the
- Spark gap can be arranged.
- the overvoltage protection can be designed such that the pump source and the laser-active medium are connected by means of a transmission fiber, in particular by means of an optical waveguide.
- a transmission fiber in particular an optical waveguide, advantageously a large distance between the pump source and the laser-active medium can be realized. This distance can be up to several hundred meters, for example.
- a galvanic separation between the pump source and the laser-active medium is realized by the transmission fiber, so that the pump source and the laser-active medium can be arranged at different high electrical potentials.
- the overvoltage protection can also be designed so that the transmission fiber is free of laser-active media.
- a simple and inexpensive transmission fiber in particular a simple and inexpensive optical waveguide, can be used.
- the transmission fiber / optical fiber is only loaded with the pump light and not with the high-energy laser radiation, so that the transmission fiber / the optical fiber is only used for energy densities need to be designed. Therefore, a simple and inexpensive optical fiber or
- the overvoltage protection can also be realized in such a way that the spark gap and the laser-active medium are arranged on an electrically isolated platform which is at a high-voltage potential (and is provided for supporting at least one electrical component which is to be protected against overvoltage), and the pump source of the laser is connected to ground potential. It is particularly advantageous that the pumping source located at ground potential can be easily and inexpensively supplied with electrical energy. For example, this pump source can be connected to a conventional AC power supply network and be supplied in this way with electrical energy.
- the pumping light of the pumping source is then transmitted via the transmission fiber / fiber optic cable to the laser-active medium, due to the galvanic separation realized by the transmission fiber / optical waveguide, there is no undesirable influence between the grounded pump source and the platform connected to high voltage potential.
- the overvoltage protection can also be realized in such a way that optics for focusing the laser radiation generated by the laser-active medium are arranged between the spark gap and the laser-active medium. By means of this optics, the laser radiation can be focused on the spark gap, so that the spark gap can be ignited safely and reliably.
- the overvoltage protection can also be realized in such a way that the laser-active medium is rigidly coupled (ie, in particular immovable) to the spark gap.
- This rigid coupling between laser-active medium and spark gap has the advantage that even in harsh everyday use (in the example of as vibration or vibration can occur) the laser radiation is always safely coupled into the spark gap.
- the rigid coupling between the laser-active medium and the spark gap further ensures that the laser radiation always enters the space between the electrodes of the spark gap at the same angle.
- Such a rigid or immobile coupling between the laser-active medium and the spark gap can also be referred to as a "quasi-monolithic" coupling.
- the overvoltage protection can also be realized in such a way that the spark gap is part of an ignition circuit for igniting a main spark gap. As a result, it is advantageously possible to first ignite a spark gap of low power by means of the laser, whereupon this spark gap is then used to ignite a main spark gap of greater power.
- - Pumplicht is provided for operating the laser from a pump source, which is spaced from a laser-active medium of the laser, and
- the laser beam is generated by the laser-active medium, wherein the laser-active medium is arranged on the spark gap.
- This method can proceed in such a way that the pumping light is transmitted from the pumping source to the laser-active medium by means of a transmission fiber, in particular by means of an optical waveguide.
- the method can also be configured such that the spark gap and the laser-active medium are arranged on an electrically isolated platform that is at a high-voltage potential (and is provided for supporting at least one electrical component that is provided) Overvoltage is to be protected), and the pump source of the laser is connected to earth potential.
- FIG 1 is a surge protector according to the prior art and in
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention
- This overvoltage protection 1 has a main spark gap 2 with two main electrodes 3.
- the overvoltage protection 1 is arranged on an electrically isolated platform 4, which is supported by columnar (not shown figuratively) insulators at an earth potential environment.
- the lower main electrode 3 is electrically connected to the potential of the platform 4, for example with a high voltage potential of the platform 4.
- the upper main electrode 3 is at a different electrical potential, for example at a high voltage potential of a high voltage three-phase current. Between the main electrodes 3, a voltage of the order of, for example, a few hundred kV may be applied, for example 160 kV.
- an ignition circuit 5 For igniting the spark gap 2, an ignition circuit 5 is provided with an ignition electrode 6, wherein the ignition circuit 5 has a capacitive voltage divider with a first capacitor 7 and a second capacitor 8 (ignition capacitor 8).
- the second capacitor 8 can be bridged by a parallel branch.
- a tripping spark gap 9 and in series with this an ohmic resistor 10 is arranged.
- a fiber laser 17 is provided, the laser pulses of which are transmitted by means of an optical waveguide 15 to the tripping spark gap 9.
- a protective device 13 and a pump laser 14 are arranged.
- the pump laser 14 is used to pump the fiber laser 17.
- the protective device (protective device) 13 is not shown figuratively with sensors / sensors, such. B. voltage meters, so that measured values of the voltage drop across the component to be monitored voltage can be supplied to the protective device 13 and overvoltages can be detected by the protective device 13.
- the laser pulses of the fiber laser 17 are called Züllingt.
- the laser pulses are guided via the optical waveguide 15 to the tripping spark gap 9. These laser pulses are so intense that an optical breakthrough in the tripping spark gap 9 is generated and thus the tripping spark gap 9 is ignited.
- the optical waveguide 15 must be designed to be robust and energy-resistant, whereby the optical waveguide 15 is costly.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the overvoltage protection 200 according to the invention.
- This overvoltage protection 200 in accordance with FIG. 1, has a main spark gap 2, an upper and a lower main electrode 3, a platform 4 (high-voltage platform 4), an ignition circuit 5, an ignition electrode 6, a first capacitor 7, a second capacitor 8, a tripping spark gap 9, a resistor 10, a protective device 13 and a pump source 14.
- the laser-active medium 202 (of the laser used to ignite the tripping spark gap 9) is arranged on the tripping spark gap 9. This laser-active medium 202 directly adjoins the tripping spark gap 9, so that the laser radiation generated by the laser-active medium 202 directly reaches the tripping spark gap 9.
- the laser used to ignite the tripping spark gap 9 has, in addition to the laser-active medium 202, the pump source 14, the pump source 14 being connected to the laser-active medium by means of an (optical) transmission fiber 15 '.
- the transmission fiber is an optical waveguide 15 'in the exemplary embodiment.
- the optical waveguide 15 ' is free of laser-active media.
- the pumping source 14 of the laser is connected to ground potential and is located outside the platform 4.
- the pumping source 14 may be configured as a conventional pumping source, which, for. B. by means of laser diodes, the pump light (pump radiation) generated.
- As a laser-active medium the material is called, which generates the laser radiation by stimulated emission.
- Laser active medium is also referred to as laser medium, active laser medium or active medium.
- As laser-active medium 202 a highly doped solid-state crystal can be used in the exemplary embodiment.
- the laser-active medium 202 is located in a laser head, which is coupled to the tripping spark gap 9.
- the laser-active medium 202 or the laser head is rigidly (ie immovably) coupled to the tripping spark gap 9, so that the laser radiation always invades the tripping spark gap under the same conditions (same angle of incidence, etc.).
- the laser active material 202 or the laser head may even be considered as part of the tripping spark gap 9.
- the rigid (quasi-monolithic) attachment of the laser-active medium 202 to the tripping spark gap 9 ensures the greatest possible freedom of influence of external disturbances (such as vibrations) on the location of the laser focus in the spark gap.
- the tripping spark gap 9 is an encapsulated spark gap, which is arranged in a housing.
- the laser-active medium 202 is rigidly connected to the housing of the tripping spark gap 9. This connection is realized such that the laser radiation generated by the laser-active medium 202 can enter the space between the first electrode 205 and the second electrode 207 of the tripping spark gap 9.
- the pump source 14 is spatially located away from the laser active medium 202.
- the spatial distance is bridged by means of the optical waveguide 15 '.
- a locally distributed laser is realized here by means of the laser-active medium 202 and the pump source 14, which can also be referred to as a (locally) decoupled laser.
- the optical waveguide 15 'does not have to transmit the high-energy coherent laser radiation (as is the case in the prior art according to FIG. 1), but that only the pump light from the pump source to the optical waveguide 15' laser-active medium needs to be transferred. Therefore, the optical waveguide 15 'is energetically relatively little loaded, so that here a cost-effective optical waveguide can be used.
- the laser-active medium 202 of the laser head absorbs the pumping light transmitted via the optical waveguide 15 '(which originates from the pumping source 14), so that at a sufficiently high pumping power of the pumping source 14 a population inversion and the generation of laser radiation 203 occur (lasing).
- an optical system 204 for focusing the laser beam be provided, so that this laser radiation can be introduced even more accurately in the tripping spark gap 9.
- the optical waveguide 15 'thus only transmits the
- the optical waveguide 15 'itself has no laser-active medium, so it is not a fiber laser.
- the pump source 14, the optical waveguide 15 'and the laser-active medium 202 thus represent a laser, namely a decoupled laser, more precisely a locally decoupled laser or locally distributed laser.
- the decoupling or separation of the laser-active medium 202 from the optical waveguide 15 'and the stamping of the laser-active medium as a separate component at the end of the optical waveguide 15' also allows better adjustability and maintenance of the laser and facilitates the replacement or extension of the optical components the laser. For example, it is possible to exchange only the laser head with the laser-active medium 202. As a result, parameters of the laser, such as the focal length and / or the spot size of the laser radiation, can be changed. A partially redundant design of the components of the laser is easy to implement.
- two redundant optical waveguides 15 'could be laid from the pump source to the platform 4, wherein only one laser head with the laser-active medium 202 is present on the platform 4.
- the optical waveguide 15 ' (eg by means of another laser of different wavelengths) can be monitored for the presence of interruptions. This monitoring is particularly simple since the optical waveguide 15 'is free of laser-active media.
- the laser-active medium 202 arranged directly on the spark gap 9 makes it possible to use different types of focusing.
- This optic 204 may be disposed between the spark plug 9 and the laser active medium 202.
- the electrically isolated platform 4 which is at high voltage potential 209, carries the spark gap 9 and the laser-active medium 202.
- this platform 4 carries the electrical or electronic component or components, which are to be protected by means of the overvoltage protection against overvoltage.
- the overvoltage protection 200 or the method for igniting the spark gap 9 functions as follows: As soon as the protective device 13 detects an overvoltage on the component to be protected, it emits a signal to the pump source 14 of the laser, whereupon the pump source 14 illuminates the pump light in the light waves - ladder feeds.
- the pump source 14 receives its energy from a (not shown in the figure 2) AC power supply network to low voltage or medium voltage level.
- the pump source 14 generates so-called pump light (ie no high-energy laser light).
- the optical waveguide 15 'transmits the pumping light 210 (and thus the pumping energy necessary for pumping the laser) to the laser-active medium 202, which is arranged on the platform 4.
- the optical waveguide 15 has a sufficiently high optical transparency for the pumping light.
- the laser-active medium 202 absorbs the pump light. As a result, a population inversion in the laser-active medium 202 will occur (given a sufficiently high pump power of the pump source 14).
- the laser radiation 203 which is coupled into the tripping spark gap 9, then arises in the laser-active medium 202.
- this laser radiation can be focused by means of optics 204.
- the tripping spark gap 9 is ignited, ie an arc begins to burn between the first electrode 205 and the second electrode 207 of the tripping spark gap.
- the second capacitor 8 of the ignition circuit 5 is bridged.
- the ignition electrode 6 is brought almost to the electrical potential of the platform 4. Since the distance between the ignition electrode 6 and the upper main electrode 3 is smaller than the distance between the two main electrodes 3, an arc between the upper main electrode 3 and the ignition electrode 6 starts to burn. Due to this arc, the first capacitor 7 is bridged, whereby the second capacitor 8 can recharge.
- the main spark gap 2 can also be ignited directly by means of the laser-active medium 202. Since in the main spark gap 2 higher energies occur than in the tripping spark gap 9 (in particular larger
- the laser-active medium 202 is to protect accordingly in this case from heat.
- overvoltage protection components / components can be protected, which are arranged parallel to the main spark gap 2.
- overvoltage protection with spark gaps can be used to protect the capacitor banks and / or arrester banks.
- the series compensation system and the spark gap are located on the isolated against the ground potential high voltage platform.
- a control room with the monitoring electronics is not located on the platform 4 but on the ground 213, ie at ground potential 211.
- the pump source 14 is then also on the ground 213, that is, at ground potential 211 arranged.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL15701306T PL3075042T3 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-09 | Surge protector comprising a spark gap |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014201754.8A DE102014201754A1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2014-01-31 | Overvoltage protection with a spark gap |
PCT/EP2015/050297 WO2015113793A1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-09 | Surge protector comprising a spark gap |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3075042A1 true EP3075042A1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
EP3075042B1 EP3075042B1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
Family
ID=52423687
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15701306.1A Active EP3075042B1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-09 | Surge protector comprising a spark gap |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3075042B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014201754A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2729684T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3075042T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015113793A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3972064A1 (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-23 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Spark gap assembly with ignition device for protecting a high voltage device and ignition device for same |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004002582A1 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-08-04 | Siemens Ag | Optically ignited spark gap |
DE102010042453A1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Laser ignition device for an internal combustion engine and operating method thereof |
-
2014
- 2014-01-31 DE DE102014201754.8A patent/DE102014201754A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-01-09 WO PCT/EP2015/050297 patent/WO2015113793A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-01-09 ES ES15701306T patent/ES2729684T3/en active Active
- 2015-01-09 EP EP15701306.1A patent/EP3075042B1/en active Active
- 2015-01-09 PL PL15701306T patent/PL3075042T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102014201754A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
EP3075042B1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
ES2729684T3 (en) | 2019-11-05 |
WO2015113793A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
PL3075042T3 (en) | 2019-08-30 |
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