EP3074186B1 - Pyrotechnic insertion device - Google Patents

Pyrotechnic insertion device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3074186B1
EP3074186B1 EP14802653.7A EP14802653A EP3074186B1 EP 3074186 B1 EP3074186 B1 EP 3074186B1 EP 14802653 A EP14802653 A EP 14802653A EP 3074186 B1 EP3074186 B1 EP 3074186B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insertion device
propellant
separating member
depression
previous
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EP14802653.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3074186A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Goepfert
Peter Roth
Orestis Voulkidis
Julian Keller
Matthias Blessing
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Hilti AG
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Hilti AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure
    • B25C1/10—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure generated by detonation of a cartridge
    • B25C1/14—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure generated by detonation of a cartridge acting on an intermediate plunger or anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure
    • B25C1/10—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure generated by detonation of a cartridge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tacker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Hand-held driving devices with propellant charge are known from the prior art, in which after ignition of a pyrotechnic charge, the resulting fuel gases expand in a combustion chamber. As a result, a piston is accelerated as energy transfer means and drives a fastener into a workpiece. Basically, the most optimized, residue-free and reproducible burning of the charge is desired. It should be noted that the charge usually includes particles such as powder grains, fibers or the like, which are initially driven after ignition in front of a flame front ago.
  • the US 6,321,968 B1 describes a tacker with a propellant charge, in which the combustion chamber is separated by means of a perforated disc in an upper part of the chamber and a lower sub-chamber. Powder grains of the propellant prior to combustion are larger than the holes of the disc. Thus, among other things unburned powder grains are first accelerated in a central discharge area on the perforated portions of the cutting wheel, where they are retained due to the dimensioning of the holes of the cutting wheel, so that a combustion of the powder grains takes place predominantly in the upper part of the chamber.
  • Fig. 10 a modification is shown in which a propellant charge without a cartridge is used.
  • An energy transfer element in the context of the invention is any means that is acted upon by the ignition of the charge with kinetic energy, wherein the kinetic energy is ultimately transferred to the fastener.
  • the energy transfer element is designed as a particular rotationally symmetrical piston.
  • recesses or other structures may be provided which further promote turbulence and uniform expansion of the fuel gases.
  • any retractable anchoring such as nail, bolt or screw understood.
  • An ejection region in the sense of the invention is a prismatic, mostly cylindrical spatial region whose cross-section is defined by a surface of the igniting charge directed into the combustion chamber and which extends perpendicular to the surface.
  • the surface of the charge is defined herein as the exit surface of the opened cartridge.
  • the discharge area is substantially cylindrically shaped. Its diameter corresponds substantially to the inner diameter of the cartridge.
  • a central axis in the sense of the invention runs as a center of gravity line through the ejection area. Regularly, but not necessarily, the central axis coincides with a movement axis of the energy transfer element.
  • An isolator in the context of the invention is any structure by which the combustion chamber is divided into two sub-chambers.
  • the separating member extends transversely to the central axis. It can be designed, for example, as a multi-perforated disc.
  • the central area of the partition member has a recess. Through this depression, a particularly good backscattering of the deflected particles and turbulence of the combustion gases in the first sub-chamber can take place.
  • the central region of the partition member is preferably not pierced so that at least a substantial portion of the initially ejected particles move within the ejection area through the first combustor toward the central area without first entering the second compartment through the partition member.
  • the closed surface of the central area is larger than a sectional area of the partition member with the ejection area.
  • the depression is formed as a cup-shaped recess in the separating member. This favors a scattering and turbulence in particular.
  • an upstanding projection is formed in a central bottom portion of the recess.
  • the projection may be conical, for example.
  • the recess has a downwardly decreasing diameter, which also causes a good distribution of powder grains and fuel gases.
  • a maximum diameter of the depression which is perpendicular to the central axis, is not less than 80% of a maximum diameter of an opening of the propellant charge, which is perpendicular to the axis.
  • the diameter of the recess is greater than the diameter of the opening of the propellant charge.
  • a maximum depth of the recess measured in the direction of the axis is not less than 30%, more preferably not less than 50% of a maximum diameter of the recess measured perpendicular to the axis is.
  • a web is provided in each case between two adjacent apertures, fuel gases of the propellant charge first of all flowing radially outward from the ejection region between the webs, before they flow through the apertures in the axial direction after a deflection.
  • the deflection and turbulence of the fuel gases is further optimized, and undesired entry of large grains of powder into the openings is further reduced.
  • the openings of the separating member have a cross section which is greater than a maximum cross section of particles of the propellant charge. This prevents clogging of the breakthrough with combustion residues. Due to the further features of the invention, an entry of large powder grains in the second sub-chamber is largely avoided despite relatively large openings.
  • the partition member is preferably screwed by means of an external thread formed in it in the combustion chamber.
  • the separator is press fit into the combustion chamber, soldered, welded, glued, or otherwise positively secured.
  • a drive-in device comprises a hand-guided housing 1, in which a power transmission element in the form of a piston 2 is accommodated.
  • a surface 2a of the piston 2 defines a combustion chamber 3 in which the combustion gases of a pyrotechnic charge expand to accelerate the piston 2.
  • the so acted upon by kinetic energy piston 2 comprises a piston rod, with which he encounters a fastener, which is thereby driven into a workpiece.
  • the charge is presently received in a cartridge made of sheet metal.
  • the cartridge has an impact fuze and is inserted into a cartridge bearing 4 before ignition via a corresponding loading mechanism.
  • Cartridge and cartridge bearings are rotationally symmetrical about a central axis A.
  • the central axis A is in the present examples at the same time a central axis of the combustion chamber 3 and the piston 2.
  • the center axis of the combustion chamber is inclined relative to the central axis of the piston, in particular at a right angle.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is arranged between a circular opening 4a of the cartridge bearing 4 and the surface 2a of the piston 2.
  • an annular recess 2b is formed in the piston 2, which contributes to a better turbulence of the combustion gases and forms part of the combustion chamber 3.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is divided transversely to the central axis A by a partition member 5.
  • a first sub-chamber 3a of the combustion chamber On the side of the cartridge bearing 4 there is a first sub-chamber 3a of the combustion chamber, and on the side of the piston 2 is a second sub-chamber 3b of the combustion chamber 3rd
  • the piston is moved back maximum, so that the second sub-chamber 3b at the time of ignition only the trough 2b and possibly a narrow gap between the piston 2 and the separator 5 includes.
  • the separating member 5 is presently designed as a screwed by means of an external thread 7 in the combustion chamber 3 component.
  • the isolator can also be formed integrally with the rest of the combustion chamber or be connected in any other way as a separate component with the combustion chamber.
  • the partition member 5 has a plurality of apertures 6, which are in the present case designed as bores which extend parallel to the axis A.
  • the perforations 6 are arranged around a central region 8 of the separating member 5, which has a closed and non-perforated surface.
  • the smallest diameter of the central, unbroken portion 8 in a plane perpendicular to the axis A is about 35% larger than a diameter of the open after ignition cartridge. In the present case, this corresponds approximately to the diameter of a combustion chamber-side opening of the cartridge bearing or of a surface of the pyrotechnic charge directed into the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel gases and powder grains, charge particles or the like ejected with them first enter the combustion chamber parallel to the central axis. Therefore, at least immediately after ignition and over a certain length, the expanding charge moves predominantly in a prismatic discharge region along the central axis, the circumference of which is defined by the contour of the surface of the charge.
  • all of the perforations 6 of the isolator lie outside a sectional area of the ejection area with the surface of the isolator.
  • the discharge area is designed as a cylinder corresponding to the circular cartridge opening.
  • a recess 9 is further formed in the central region 8 of the separating member 5.
  • the recess 9 extends rotationally symmetrical about the central axis A. It is formed cup-shaped and has a flat bottom 9a.
  • a diameter of the recess 9 tapers from a largest diameter d at its upper edge to a smallest diameter at the level of the bottom 9a.
  • the walls of the recess 9 have both inclined and straight sections.
  • the maximum depth of the recess 9 is presently about 60% of the largest diameter d.
  • the closed surface of the central region 8 extends to a step 10.
  • the gradation 10 rises from the surface of the central region 8 in the axial direction to a roof of the combustion chamber 3.
  • the separating member 5 is in the present case with the gradation 10 pressed against the roof. This is achieved by appropriate screwing of the separator 5 in the combustion chamber 3.
  • the gradation 10 forms between adjacent apertures 6 each webs 11, which are directed radially inward. Accordingly, radially directed channels 12 remain between the webs 11, through which the fuel gases and charge particles initially flow radially outward from the central region 8 and are then deflected into the openings 6.
  • the particles of the charge When passing through the openings 6, the particles of the charge are already predominantly burned, so that there are no larger unburned charge residues either in the openings or in the following, second partial chamber 3b. This prevents unfavorable deposits and / or clogging of the apertures 6. At the same time a controlled and uniform expansion of the fuel gases in the second sub-chamber is favored, so that an optimal acceleration of the piston 2 takes place.
  • the recess 9 is provided at the in Fig. 4 shown, second embodiment, a different shape of the recess 9 is provided.
  • the recess is formed as a cup-shaped recess, but the walls of the recess are stronger and continuously inclined.
  • the shape of the recess 9 is predominantly as in the example Fig. 4 ,
  • an upstanding, conical projection 13 is formed above the bottom of the recess.
  • the recess 9 has no flat bottom, but has an overall approximately parabolic cross-section. Such a shape is particularly well suited for the prevention of deposits.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated, exemplary shapes of the recess 9.
  • the separating member has a plurality of recesses.
  • one or more of the openings has the depression or depressions.
  • the openings then preferably comprise blind holes into which one or more connecting channels in particular preferably open laterally.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Eintreibgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a tacker according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind handgeführte Eintreibgeräte mit Treibladungen bekannt, bei denen nach der Zündung einer pyrotechnischen Ladung die resultierenden Brenngase in einer Brennkammer expandieren. Hierdurch wird ein Kolben als Energieübertragungsmittel beschleunigt und treibt ein Befestigungsmittel in ein Werkstück ein. Grundsätzlich ist dabei ein möglichst optimiertes, rückstandsfreies und reproduzierbares Abbrennen der Ladung gewünscht. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Ladung im Regelfall Partikel wie etwa Pulverkörner, Fasern oder Ähnliches umfasst, die nach einem Zünden zunächst vor einer Flammenfront her getrieben werden.Hand-held driving devices with propellant charge are known from the prior art, in which after ignition of a pyrotechnic charge, the resulting fuel gases expand in a combustion chamber. As a result, a piston is accelerated as energy transfer means and drives a fastener into a workpiece. Basically, the most optimized, residue-free and reproducible burning of the charge is desired. It should be noted that the charge usually includes particles such as powder grains, fibers or the like, which are initially driven after ignition in front of a flame front ago.

Die US 6,321,968 B1 beschreibt ein Eintreibgerät mit einer Treibladung, bei dem die Brennkammer mittels einer gelochten Scheibe in eine obere Teilkammer und eine untere Teilkammer separiert ist. Pulverkörner der Treibladung sind vor der Verbrennung größer als die Löcher der Scheibe. Somit werden unter anderem unverbrannte Pulverkörner zunächst in einem zentralen Ausstoßbereich auf die gelochten Bereiche der Trennscheibe beschleunigt, wo sie aufgrund der Dimensionierung der Löcher der Trennscheibe zurückgehalten werden, so dass eine Verbrennung der Pulverkörner überwiegend in der oberen Teilkammer stattfindet. In Fig. 10 ist eine Abwandlung gezeigt, bei der eine Treibladung ohne Kartusche eingesetzt wird. Bei dieser Variante ist bauartbedingt kein die Zentralachse einschließender Ausstoßbereich in der oberen Teilkammer vorgesehen, der sich zwischen der Treibladung und einem zentralen Bereich der Trennscheibe erstreckt. Der Ausstoßbereich in dem Beispiel nach Fig. 10 ist ringförmig um einen zentralen Stempel der Brennkammer angeordnet. Dabei erfolgt die Zündung der kartuschenfreien Ladung an einem oberen Ende des zentralen Stempels. Die US-B-3,659,768 beschreibt ein Eintreibgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The US 6,321,968 B1 describes a tacker with a propellant charge, in which the combustion chamber is separated by means of a perforated disc in an upper part of the chamber and a lower sub-chamber. Powder grains of the propellant prior to combustion are larger than the holes of the disc. Thus, among other things unburned powder grains are first accelerated in a central discharge area on the perforated portions of the cutting wheel, where they are retained due to the dimensioning of the holes of the cutting wheel, so that a combustion of the powder grains takes place predominantly in the upper part of the chamber. In Fig. 10, a modification is shown in which a propellant charge without a cartridge is used. In this variant, no design including the central axis enclosing discharge area in the upper part of the chamber is provided, which extends between the propellant charge and a central region of the cutting disc. The ejection area in the example of FIG. 10 is arranged annularly around a central punch of the combustion chamber. The ignition of the cartridge-free charge takes place at an upper end of the central punch. The US-B-3,659,768 describes a tacker according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Eintreibgerät anzugeben, das eine gleichmäßige und möglichst vollständige Verbrennung einer pyrotechnischen Treibladung ermöglicht.It is the object of the invention to provide a tacker that allows a uniform and complete combustion of a pyrotechnic propellant charge.

Diese Aufgabe wird für eine eingangs genannte Eintreibvorrichtung erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch das Vorsehen der geschlossenen Oberfläche in dem zentralen Bereich des Trenngliedes werden Partikel der Ladung, die nach dem Zünden in die Brennkammer ausgestoßen werden, zunächst unbeschadet ihrer Größe reflektiert oder umgelenkt, bevor sie mit einer der Durchbrechungen in Kontakt kommen. Auf diesem geänderten Weg können die Partikel sich dann gleichmäßig in der oberen Teilkammer verteilen, während sie von einer Flammenfront erfasst und ebenfalls entzündet werden.This object is achieved according to the invention for a drive-in device mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 1. By providing the closed surface in the central region of the separator, particles of the charge ejected into the combustion chamber after ignition are initially reflected or deflected, without prejudice to their size, before contacting any of the apertures. In this modified path, the particles can then be evenly distributed in the upper compartment while being captured by a flame front and also ignited.

Ein Energieübertragungselement im Sinne der Erfindung ist jedes Mittel, das durch die Zündung der Ladung mit Bewegungsenergie beaufschlagt wird, wobei die Bewegungsenergie letztlich auf das Befestigungsmittel übertragen wird. Häufig ist das Energieübertragungselement als insbesondere rotationssymmetrischer Kolben ausgeführt. In dem Kolbenboden können Aussparungen oder andere Strukturen vorgesehen sein, die eine Verwirbelung und gleichmäßige Expansion der Brenngase weiter begünstigen.An energy transfer element in the context of the invention is any means that is acted upon by the ignition of the charge with kinetic energy, wherein the kinetic energy is ultimately transferred to the fastener. Often, the energy transfer element is designed as a particular rotationally symmetrical piston. In the piston head recesses or other structures may be provided which further promote turbulence and uniform expansion of the fuel gases.

Unter einem Befestigungselement im Sinne der Erfindung wird allgemein jede eintreibbare Verankerung, wie zum Beispiel Nagel, Bolzen oder Schraube, verstanden.Under a fastener according to the invention is generally understood any retractable anchoring, such as nail, bolt or screw understood.

Ein Ausstoßbereich im Sinne der Erfindung ist ein prismatischer, meist zylindrischer Raumbereich, dessen Querschnitt durch eine in die Brennkammer gerichtete Oberfläche der zündenden Ladung definiert ist und der sich senkrecht zu der Oberfläche erstreckt. Wenn die Treibladung in Form einer Kartusche bereitgestellt wird, so ist die Oberfläche der Ladung hier als die Austrittsfläche der geöffneten Kartusche definiert. In diesem Fall ist der Ausstoßbereich im Wesentlichen zylindrisch geformt. Sein Durchmesser entspricht im Wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser der Kartusche.An ejection region in the sense of the invention is a prismatic, mostly cylindrical spatial region whose cross-section is defined by a surface of the igniting charge directed into the combustion chamber and which extends perpendicular to the surface. When the propellant charge is provided in the form of a cartridge, the surface of the charge is defined herein as the exit surface of the opened cartridge. In this case, the discharge area is substantially cylindrically shaped. Its diameter corresponds substantially to the inner diameter of the cartridge.

Eine Zentralachse im Sinne der Erfindung verläuft als Schwerpunktlinie durch den Ausstoßbereich. Regelmäßig, aber nicht notwendig fällt die Zentralachse mit einer Bewegungsachse des Energieübertragungselements zusammen.A central axis in the sense of the invention runs as a center of gravity line through the ejection area. Regularly, but not necessarily, the central axis coincides with a movement axis of the energy transfer element.

Ein Trennglied im Sinne der Erfindung ist jede Struktur, durch die die Brennkammer in zwei Teilkammern geteilt ist. Bevorzugt verläuft das Trennglied quer zu der Zentralachse. Es kann zum Beispiel als mehrfach durchbohrte Scheibe ausgebildet sein.An isolator in the context of the invention is any structure by which the combustion chamber is divided into two sub-chambers. Preferably, the separating member extends transversely to the central axis. It can be designed, for example, as a multi-perforated disc.

Gemäß der Erfindung hat der zentrale Bereich des Trennglieds eine Vertiefung. Durch diese Vertiefung kann eine besonders gute Rückstreuung der umgelenkten Partikel und Verwirbelung der Brenngase in der ersten Teilkammer erfolgen.According to the invention, the central area of the partition member has a recess. Through this depression, a particularly good backscattering of the deflected particles and turbulence of the combustion gases in the first sub-chamber can take place.

Der zentrale Bereich des Trenngliedes ist vorzugsweise nicht durchbrochen, so dass zumindest ein erheblicher Teil der zunächst ausgestoßenen Partikel sich innerhalb des Ausstoßbereichs durch die erste Brennkammer gegen den zentralen Bereich bewegt, ohne zunächst durch das Trennglied in die zweite Teilkammer einzutreten. Bevorzugt ist die geschlossene Oberfläche des zentralen Bereichs größer als eine Schnittfläche des Trennglieds mit dem Ausstoßbereich.The central region of the partition member is preferably not pierced so that at least a substantial portion of the initially ejected particles move within the ejection area through the first combustor toward the central area without first entering the second compartment through the partition member. Preferably, the closed surface of the central area is larger than a sectional area of the partition member with the ejection area.

Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung ist die Vertiefung dabei als napfartig geformte Aussparung in dem Trennglied ausgebildet. Dies begünstigt eine Streuung und Verwirbelung in besonderem Maße.In a preferred embodiment, the depression is formed as a cup-shaped recess in the separating member. This favors a scattering and turbulence in particular.

Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Streuung und Verwirbelung ist bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem zentralen Bodenbereich der Aussparung ein aufragender Vorsprung ausgebildet. Der Vorsprung kann zum Beispiel kegelförmig sein.In order to further improve the scattering and turbulence in a preferred embodiment, an upstanding projection is formed in a central bottom portion of the recess. The projection may be conical, for example.

Alternativ oder ergänzend ist es vorgesehen, dass die Vertiefung einen sich nach unten verringernden Durchmesser aufweist, was ebenfalls eine gute Verteilung von Pulverkörnern und Brenngasen bewirkt.Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the recess has a downwardly decreasing diameter, which also causes a good distribution of powder grains and fuel gases.

Im Interesse einer optimalen Wirkung der Vertiefung auf einen Großteil der Treibladung ist es bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass ein maximaler, senkrecht zu der Zentralachse erstreckter Durchmesser der Vertiefung nicht weniger als 80% eines maximalen, senkrecht zu der Achse erstreckten Durchmessers einer Öffnung der Treibladung beträgt. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Durchmesser der Vertiefung größer als der Durchmesser der Öffnung der Treibladung.In the interest of an optimal effect of the depression on a large part of the propellant charge, it is preferably provided that a maximum diameter of the depression, which is perpendicular to the central axis, is not less than 80% of a maximum diameter of an opening of the propellant charge, which is perpendicular to the axis. Particularly preferably, the diameter of the recess is greater than the diameter of the opening of the propellant charge.

Ebenso ist es zur Verbesserung der verwirbelnden Wirkung der Vertiefung bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass eine in Richtung der Achse gemessene, maximale Tiefe der Vertiefung nicht weniger als 30%, besonders bevorzugt nicht weniger als 50%, eines senkrecht zu der Achse gemessenen, maximalen Durchmessers der Vertiefung beträgt.Likewise, in order to improve the swirling action of the recess, it is preferably provided that a maximum depth of the recess measured in the direction of the axis is not less than 30%, more preferably not less than 50% of a maximum diameter of the recess measured perpendicular to the axis is.

Allgemein vorteilhaft ist zwischen zwei benachbarten Durchbrechungen jeweils ein Steg vorgesehen ist, wobei Brenngase der Treibladung von dem Ausstoßbereich zunächst radial nach außen zwischen die Stege strömen, bevor sie nach einer Umlenkung die Durchbrechungen in axialer Richtung durchströmen. Hierdurch wird die Umlenkung und Verwirbelung der Brenngase noch weiter optimiert, und ein ungewünschtes Eintreten von großen Pulverkörnern in die Durchbrechungen wird weiter verringert.In general, a web is provided in each case between two adjacent apertures, fuel gases of the propellant charge first of all flowing radially outward from the ejection region between the webs, before they flow through the apertures in the axial direction after a deflection. As a result, the deflection and turbulence of the fuel gases is further optimized, and undesired entry of large grains of powder into the openings is further reduced.

Allgemein bevorzugt kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Durchbrechungen des Trennglieds einen Querschnitt aufweisen, der größer ist als ein maximaler Querschnitt von Partikeln der Treibladung. Dies verhindert ein Zusetzen der Durchbrechungen mit Verbrennungsrückständen. Durch die weiteren Merkmale der Erfindung wird trotz relativ großer Durchbrechungen ein Eintritt von großen Pulverkörnern in die zweite Teilkammer weitgehend vermieden.Generally, it can be provided that the openings of the separating member have a cross section which is greater than a maximum cross section of particles of the propellant charge. This prevents clogging of the breakthrough with combustion residues. Due to the further features of the invention, an entry of large powder grains in the second sub-chamber is largely avoided despite relatively large openings.

Im Interesse einer einfachen Montage und Wartung ist das Trennglied bevorzugt mittels eines an ihm ausgebildeten Außengewindes in die Brennkammer eingeschraubt. Bei alternativen Ausführungsformen ist das Trennglied in die Brennkammer eingepresst, gelötet, geschweißt, geklebt oder anderweitig formschlüssig befestigt.In the interest of ease of installation and maintenance, the partition member is preferably screwed by means of an external thread formed in it in the combustion chamber. In alternative embodiments, the separator is press fit into the combustion chamber, soldered, welded, glued, or otherwise positively secured.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ausführungsbeispielen sowie aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen. Nachfolgend werden mehrere bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung beschrieben und anhand der anliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine räumliche Schnittansicht einer Brennkammer eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.
Fig. 2
zeigt eine räumliche Detailansicht der Brennkammer aus Fig. 1.
Fig. 3
zeigt eine räumliche Ansicht eines Trennglieds der Brennkammer aus Fig. 1.
Fig. 4
zeigt eine räumliche Ansicht einer Brennkammer eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.
Fig. 5
zeigt eine räumliche Ansicht einer Brennkammer eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.
Fig. 6
zeigt eine räumliche Ansicht einer Brennkammer eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments and from the dependent claims. Hereinafter, several preferred embodiments of the invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1
shows a spatial sectional view of a combustion chamber of a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2
shows a detailed spatial view of the combustion chamber Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3
shows a spatial view of a separator of the combustion chamber Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 4
shows a spatial view of a combustion chamber of a second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5
shows a spatial view of a combustion chamber of a third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6
shows a spatial view of a combustion chamber of a fourth embodiment of the invention.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Eintreibvorrichtung umfasst ein handgeführtes Gehäuse 1, in dem ein Energieübertragungselement in Form eines Kolbens 2 aufgenommen ist. Eine Oberfläche 2a des Kolbes 2 begrenzt eine Brennkammer 3, in der sich die Verbrennungsgase einer pyrotechnischen Ladung ausdehnen, um den Kolben 2 zu beschleunigen.A drive-in device according to the invention comprises a hand-guided housing 1, in which a power transmission element in the form of a piston 2 is accommodated. A surface 2a of the piston 2 defines a combustion chamber 3 in which the combustion gases of a pyrotechnic charge expand to accelerate the piston 2.

Der so mit Bewegungsenergie beaufschlagte Kolben 2 umfasst eine Kolbenstange, mit welcher er auf ein Befestigungselement trifft, das hierdurch in ein Werkstück eingetrieben wird.The so acted upon by kinetic energy piston 2 comprises a piston rod, with which he encounters a fastener, which is thereby driven into a workpiece.

Die Ladung ist vorliegend in einer Kartusche aus Metallblech aufgenommen. Die Kartusche hat einen Aufschlagzünder und wird vor der Zündung über eine entsprechende Lademechanik in ein Kartuschenlager 4 eingesetzt.The charge is presently received in a cartridge made of sheet metal. The cartridge has an impact fuze and is inserted into a cartridge bearing 4 before ignition via a corresponding loading mechanism.

Kartusche und Kartuschenlager sind rotationssymmetrisch um eine Zentralachse A ausgebildet. Die Zentralachse A ist in den vorliegenden Beispielen zugleich eine Mittelachse der Brennkammer 3 und des Kolbens 2. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Mittelachse der Brennkammer gegenüber der Mittelachse des Kolbens geneigt, insbesondere in einem rechten Winkel.Cartridge and cartridge bearings are rotationally symmetrical about a central axis A. The central axis A is in the present examples at the same time a central axis of the combustion chamber 3 and the piston 2. In embodiments not shown, the center axis of the combustion chamber is inclined relative to the central axis of the piston, in particular at a right angle.

Die Brennkammer 3 ist zwischen einer kreisförmigen Öffnung 4a des Kartuschenlagers 4 und der Oberfläche 2a des Kolbens 2 angeordnet. Vorliegend ist in dem Kolben 2 eine ringförmige Mulde 2b ausgebildet, die zu einer besseren Verwirbelung der Brenngase beiträgt und einen Teil der Brennkammer 3 darstellt.The combustion chamber 3 is arranged between a circular opening 4a of the cartridge bearing 4 and the surface 2a of the piston 2. In the present case, an annular recess 2b is formed in the piston 2, which contributes to a better turbulence of the combustion gases and forms part of the combustion chamber 3.

Die Brennkammer 3 ist quer zu der Zentralachse A durch ein Trennglied 5 unterteilt. Auf der Seite des Kartuschenlagers 4 befindet sich eine erste Teilkammer 3a der Brennkammer, und auf der Seite des Kolbens 2 befindet sich eine zweite Teilkammer 3b der Brennkammer 3.The combustion chamber 3 is divided transversely to the central axis A by a partition member 5. On the side of the cartridge bearing 4 there is a first sub-chamber 3a of the combustion chamber, and on the side of the piston 2 is a second sub-chamber 3b of the combustion chamber 3rd

In den gezeigten Abbildungen ist der Kolben maximal zurückgefahren, so dass die zweite Teilkammer 3b zum Zeitpunkt der Zündung nur die Mulde 2b und allenfalls einen schmalen Spalt zwischen dem Kolben 2 und dem Trennglied 5 umfasst.In the illustrations shown, the piston is moved back maximum, so that the second sub-chamber 3b at the time of ignition only the trough 2b and possibly a narrow gap between the piston 2 and the separator 5 includes.

Das Trennglied 5 ist vorliegend als ein mittels eines Außengewindes 7 in die Brennkammer 3 einschraubbares Bauteil ausgebildet. Das Trennglied kann aber auch einstückig mit dem Rest der Brennkammer ausgebildet sein oder auf sonstige Weise als separates Bauteil mit der Brennkammer verbunden sein.The separating member 5 is presently designed as a screwed by means of an external thread 7 in the combustion chamber 3 component. However, the isolator can also be formed integrally with the rest of the combustion chamber or be connected in any other way as a separate component with the combustion chamber.

Das Trennglied 5 hat mehrere Durchbrechungen 6, die vorliegend als Bohrungen ausgeführt sind, die parallel zu der Achse A verlaufen. Die Durchbrechungen 6 sind um einen zentralen Bereich 8 des Trennglieds 5 angeordnet, der eine geschlossene und nicht durchbrochene Oberfläche aufweist. Der kleinste Durchmesser des zentralen, nicht durchbrochenen Bereichs 8 in einer zu der Achse A senkrechten Ebene ist um etwa 35% größer als ein Durchmesser der nach dem Zünden geöffneten Kartusche. Dieser entspricht vorliegend etwa dem Durchmesser einer brennkammerseitigen Öffnung des Kartuschenlagers bzw. einer in die Brennkammer gerichteten Oberfläche der pyrotechnischen Ladung.The partition member 5 has a plurality of apertures 6, which are in the present case designed as bores which extend parallel to the axis A. The perforations 6 are arranged around a central region 8 of the separating member 5, which has a closed and non-perforated surface. The smallest diameter of the central, unbroken portion 8 in a plane perpendicular to the axis A is about 35% larger than a diameter of the open after ignition cartridge. In the present case, this corresponds approximately to the diameter of a combustion chamber-side opening of the cartridge bearing or of a surface of the pyrotechnic charge directed into the combustion chamber.

Vorliegend wird idealisierend angenommen, dass die Brenngase und mit ihnen ausgestoßene Pulverkörner, Ladungspartikel oder Ähnliches zunächst parallel zu der Zentralachse in die Brennkammer eintreten. Zumindest unmittelbar nach der Zündung und über eine gewisse Länge bewegt sich die expandierende Ladung daher überwiegend in einem prismatischen Ausstoßbereich entlang der Zentralachse, dessen Umfang durch den Umriss der Oberfläche der Ladung definiert ist. Bei den vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung liegen sämtliche der Durchbrechungen 6 des Trennglieds außerhalb einer Schnittfläche des Ausstoßbereichs mit der Oberfläche des Trennglieds. Der Ausstoßbereich ist entsprechend der kreisrunden Kartuschenöffnung als Zylinder ausgebildet.In the present case, it is assumed that the fuel gases and powder grains, charge particles or the like ejected with them first enter the combustion chamber parallel to the central axis. Therefore, at least immediately after ignition and over a certain length, the expanding charge moves predominantly in a prismatic discharge region along the central axis, the circumference of which is defined by the contour of the surface of the charge. In the present embodiments of the invention, all of the perforations 6 of the isolator lie outside a sectional area of the ejection area with the surface of the isolator. The discharge area is designed as a cylinder corresponding to the circular cartridge opening.

In dem zentralen Bereich 8 des Trennglieds 5 ist ferner eine Vertiefung 9 ausgebildet. Die Vertiefung 9 verläuft rotationssymmetrisch um die Zentralachse A. Sie ist napfartig ausgeformt und hat einen flachen Boden 9a. Ein Durchmesser der Vertiefung 9 verjüngt sich von einem größten Durchmesser d an ihrem oberen Rand auf einen kleinsten Durchmesser auf der Höhe des Bodens 9a. Die Wände der Vertiefung 9 haben sowohl geneigte als auch gerade Abschnitte. Die maximale Tiefe der Vertiefung 9 beträgt vorliegend etwa 60% des größten Durchmessers d.In the central region 8 of the separating member 5, a recess 9 is further formed. The recess 9 extends rotationally symmetrical about the central axis A. It is formed cup-shaped and has a flat bottom 9a. A diameter of the recess 9 tapers from a largest diameter d at its upper edge to a smallest diameter at the level of the bottom 9a. The walls of the recess 9 have both inclined and straight sections. The maximum depth of the recess 9 is presently about 60% of the largest diameter d.

In der Ebene des oberen Randes der Vertiefung 9 erstreckt sich die geschlossene Oberfläche des zentralen Bereiches 8 bis zu einer Abstufung 10. Die Abstufung 10 steigt von der Oberfläche des zentralen Bereiches 8 in axialer Richtung bis zu einem Dach der Brennkammer 3. das Trennglied 5 ist vorliegend mit der Abstufung 10 gegen das Dach gepresst. Dies wird durch entsprechendes Einschrauben des Trennglieds 5 in die Brennkammer 3 erreicht.In the plane of the upper edge of the recess 9, the closed surface of the central region 8 extends to a step 10. The gradation 10 rises from the surface of the central region 8 in the axial direction to a roof of the combustion chamber 3. the separating member 5 is in the present case with the gradation 10 pressed against the roof. This is achieved by appropriate screwing of the separator 5 in the combustion chamber 3.

Die Abstufung 10 bildet zwischen benachbarten Durchbrechungen 6 jeweils Stege 11 aus, die radial nach innen gerichtet sind. Entsprechend verbleiben radial gerichtete Kanäle 12 zwischen den Stegen 11, durch die die Brenngase und Ladungspartikel von dem zentralen Bereich 8 zunächst radial auswärts strömen und dann in die Durchbrechungen 6 umgelenkt werden.The gradation 10 forms between adjacent apertures 6 each webs 11, which are directed radially inward. Accordingly, radially directed channels 12 remain between the webs 11, through which the fuel gases and charge particles initially flow radially outward from the central region 8 and are then deflected into the openings 6.

Die Erfindung funktioniert nun wie folgt:

  • Nach Zünden der Kartusche werden noch unverbrannte Partikel vor einer Front aus Brenngasen durch die vordere Kartuschenöffnung in die erste Teilkammer 3a geschleudert. Diese teilweise noch unverbrannte Ladung trifft nach kurzer Strecke in die napfartige Vertiefung 9 des geschlossenen zentralen Bereichs 8 des Trennglieds 5. Dort erfolgt eine Streuung und Verwirbelung der Pulverkörner und Brenngase, wobei die Pulverkörner sich weiter entzünden und verbrennen. Dieses reagierende und expandierende Gemisch tritt in überwiegend radialer Richtung zwischen den Stegen 11 durch und wird in die Durchbrechungen 6 umgelenkt.
The invention now works as follows:
  • After ignition of the cartridge still unburned particles are thrown in front of a front of fuel gases through the front cartridge opening into the first sub-chamber 3a. This partially unburned charge hits after a short distance in the cup-like recess 9 of the closed central region 8 of the separator 5. There is a scattering and turbulence of the powder grains and fuel gases, the powder grains continue to ignite and burn. This reactive and expanding mixture occurs in predominantly radial direction between the webs 11 and is deflected into the openings 6.

Beim Durchströmen der Durchbrechungen 6 sind die Partikel der Ladung bereits überwiegend verbrannt, so dass weder in den Durchbrechungen noch in der nachfolgenden, zweiten Teilkammer 3b größere unverbrannte Ladungsreste vorhanden sind. Dies verhindert ungünstige Ablagerungen und/oder ein Verstopfen der Durchbrechungen 6. Zugleich wird eine kontrollierte und gleichmäßige Expansion der Brenngase in der zweiten Teilkammer begünstigt, so dass eine optimale Beschleunigung des Kolbens 2 erfolgt.When passing through the openings 6, the particles of the charge are already predominantly burned, so that there are no larger unburned charge residues either in the openings or in the following, second partial chamber 3b. This prevents unfavorable deposits and / or clogging of the apertures 6. At the same time a controlled and uniform expansion of the fuel gases in the second sub-chamber is favored, so that an optimal acceleration of the piston 2 takes place.

Bei dem in Fig. 4 gezeigten, zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine andere Formgebung der Vertiefung 9 vorgesehen. Wie im ersten Beispiel ist die Vertiefung als napfartige Aussparung ausgebildet, wobei aber die Wände der Vertiefung stärker und durchgehend geneigt sind.At the in Fig. 4 shown, second embodiment, a different shape of the recess 9 is provided. As in the first example, the recess is formed as a cup-shaped recess, but the walls of the recess are stronger and continuously inclined.

Bei dem in Fig. 5 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Formgebung der Vertiefung 9 überwiegend wie im Beispiel nach Fig. 4. Zusätzlich ist über dem Boden der Vertiefung ein aufragender, kegelförmiger Vorsprung 13 ausgebildet. Durch den kegelförmigen Vorsprung 13 erfolgt eine starke Streuung und Verwirbelung der Brenngase.At the in Fig. 5 Shown embodiment, the shape of the recess 9 is predominantly as in the example Fig. 4 , In addition, an upstanding, conical projection 13 is formed above the bottom of the recess. By the conical projection 13 there is a strong scattering and turbulence of the fuel gases.

Bei dem in Fig. 6 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel hat die Vertiefung 9 keinen ebenen Boden, sondern weist insgesamt einen annähernd parabelförmigen Querschnitt auf. Eine solche Formgebung ist besonders gut zur Vermeidung von Ablagerungen geeignet.At the in Fig. 6 shown embodiment, the recess 9 has no flat bottom, but has an overall approximately parabolic cross-section. Such a shape is particularly well suited for the prevention of deposits.

Es versteht sich, dass die Erfindung nicht auf die gezeigten, beispielhaften Formgebungen der Vertiefung 9 beschränkt ist. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen weist das Trennglied mehrere Vertiefungen auf. Bei weiteren nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeipielen weisen einer oder mehrere der Durchbrüche die Vertiefung beziehungsweise Vertiefungen auf. Die Durchbrüche umfassen dann bevorzugt Sacklöcher, in welche jeweils ein oder mehrere Verbindungskanäle besonders bevorzugt seitlich einmünden.It is understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrated, exemplary shapes of the recess 9. In embodiments not shown, the separating member has a plurality of recesses. In further exemplary embodiments, not shown, one or more of the openings has the depression or depressions. The openings then preferably comprise blind holes into which one or more connecting channels in particular preferably open laterally.

Claims (10)

  1. Insertion device, comprising
    a particularly hand-held housing (1) with an energy transfer element (2) accommodated in it for transferring energy to a fastening element to be inserted,
    a particularly changeable propellant and
    a combustion chamber (3) arranged between the propellant and the energy transfer element (2),
    in which the combustion chamber (3) is divided by means of a separating member (5) having several openings (6) into a first part chamber (3a) adjoining the propellant and at least a second part chamber (3b) adjoining the energy transfer element (2), in which in the first part chamber (3a) an expulsion area for the propellant is provided, which extends between the propellant and a central area (8) of the separating member (5),
    characterised in that
    the central area (8) of the separating member (5) has a depression (9).
  2. Insertion device according to claim 1, characterised in that the expulsion area is limited in the central area (8) of the separating member (5) through a closed surface of the separating member (5).
  3. Insertion device according to claim 1, characterised in that the expulsion area has one of the openings in the central area (8) of the separating member (5).
  4. Insertion device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the depression (9) is made as a recess in the shape of a cup in the separating member (5).
  5. Insertion device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that a bulky protrusion (13) is made in the central floor area of the depression (9).
  6. Insertion device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the depression (9) has a diameter that decreases downwards.
  7. Insertion device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that a maximum diameter (d) of the depression extending perpendicular to the central axis (A) is not less than 80% of a maximum diameter of an opening for the propellant extending perpendicular to the central axis.
  8. Insertion device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that a maximum depth of the depression (9) measured in the direction of the central axis (A) is not less than 30% of a maximum diameter of the depression (9) measured perpendicular to the central axis (A).
  9. Insertion device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that a bridge (11) is provided between two adjacent openings (6), in which combustion gases from the propellant first flow radially from the expulsion area towards the outside between the bridges (11), before they flow through the openings (6) in the axial direction after being deflected.
  10. Insertion devices according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the openings (6) of the separating member have a cross section that is larger than a maximum cross section of particles of the propellant.
EP14802653.7A 2013-11-26 2014-11-25 Pyrotechnic insertion device Active EP3074186B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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EP13194459.7A EP2875903A1 (en) 2013-11-26 2013-11-26 Pyrotechnic insertion device
PCT/EP2014/075463 WO2015078833A1 (en) 2013-11-26 2014-11-25 Pyrotechnic driving device
EP14802653.7A EP3074186B1 (en) 2013-11-26 2014-11-25 Pyrotechnic insertion device

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EP3074186B1 true EP3074186B1 (en) 2018-01-03

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EP3074186A1 (en) 2016-10-05
US10160109B2 (en) 2018-12-25
US20160303725A1 (en) 2016-10-20
EP2875903A1 (en) 2015-05-27
WO2015078833A1 (en) 2015-06-04

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