EP3072143B1 - Device for switching a direct current - Google Patents

Device for switching a direct current Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3072143B1
EP3072143B1 EP14703039.9A EP14703039A EP3072143B1 EP 3072143 B1 EP3072143 B1 EP 3072143B1 EP 14703039 A EP14703039 A EP 14703039A EP 3072143 B1 EP3072143 B1 EP 3072143B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current path
switch
commutation
transformer
winding
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14703039.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3072143A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg DORN
Dominik ERGIN
Herbert Gambach
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to PL14703039T priority Critical patent/PL3072143T3/en
Publication of EP3072143A1 publication Critical patent/EP3072143A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for switching a direct current with an operating current path having a mechanical switch, a shutdown current path connected in parallel to the operating current path, which has a power electronic switch, and a commutation device which enables a commutation of the direct current from the operating current path into the turn-off current path.
  • the invention relates to a method for switching off a direct current in such a device.
  • a device of the type mentioned is from the international patent application WO 2013/131582 A1 known.
  • the commutation device has a series connection of two-pole submodules, wherein each submodule has an energy store and a power semiconductor circuit.
  • a charging branch is provided, which connects the high voltage potential Abschaltstrompfad with ground potential.
  • the power supply of the commutation requires a considerable effort here.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an apparatus and a method with which direct currents can be safely switched in a simple and cost-effective manner. This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments of the device and the method are specified in the dependent claims.
  • a turn-off current path comprising a power electronic switch and commutation means for allowing the direct current to commutate from the operating current path to the turn-off current path, the commutation means comprising a transformer. It is particularly advantageous that the commutation of the direct current from the operating current path into the Abschaltstrompfad by means of a transformer.
  • the device may be configured such that the transformer has a first winding and a second winding, which are galvanically isolated.
  • a galvanic isolation is advantageously achieved, so that the Abschaltstrompfad is galvanically isolated from the other units connected to the transformer.
  • the device can also be configured such that a high-voltage resistant electrical insulation is arranged between the first winding and the second winding of the transformer.
  • the device may also be configured so that the Abschaltstrompfad comprises a series circuit of the second winding of the transformer and the power electronic switch.
  • This embodiment advantageously makes it possible to introduce a commutation voltage into the turn-off current path by means of the second winding of the transformer.
  • the device can also be designed such that the first winding of the transformer is connected to a supply unit, by means of which the voltage occurring at the second winding of the transformer can be influenced, in particular adjusted.
  • the voltage occurring at the second winding of the transformer can be influenced, in particular adjusted.
  • the device can advantageously also be designed such that the feed unit has an inverter.
  • a voltage which can be varied within wide limits can be applied to the first winding of the transformer so that the voltage occurring at the second winding of the transformer can be influenced or adjusted within wide limits.
  • the device can also be configured such that the feed unit has an energy store, in particular a capacitor.
  • a feed unit with such an energy store advantageously enables energy self-sufficient operation of the device. This is particularly advantageous, for example, in the event of a power failure in a DC high-voltage network to which the device is connected.
  • the device can be configured such that the energy store is set up to store the electrical energy necessary for the commutation.
  • the electrical capacity of the energy store is chosen in particular such that the energy store stores a sufficiently large electrical energy in order to carry out the complete commutation process.
  • the device may also be designed such that the power electronic switch is designed to conduct the direct current in both directions and to switch off such a direct current (ie to switch off direct current flowing in both directions). This makes it possible to disconnect with the device a direct current flowing in the operating current path in one direction. If required, however, the device can also switch off a direct current which flows in the opposite direction in the operating current path.
  • the device can be constructed so that the power electronic switch has an antiserial circuit of a plurality of switching modules.
  • each switching module may have a switching element and a diode connected in antiparallel.
  • the switching element may in particular be a power semiconductor switch.
  • the device may also be configured such that the operating current path and the cut-off current path have high-voltage potential, and the first winding of the transformer and the feed unit have low-voltage potential.
  • the first winding of the transformer and the feed unit may be connected to ground potential. This advantageously allows the device to be used in high-voltage direct-current networks in order to switch off direct currents in branches of these high-voltage direct-current networks.
  • the commutation voltage is introduced into the Abschaltstrompfad means of the transformer. This allows the introduction of the commutation voltage in the Abschaltstrompfad at a realized by means of the transformer galvanic isolation, in particular in a full potential separation.
  • the device may be constructed according to all the variants given above.
  • the method may be configured such that the mechanical switch is only opened when a characteristic of the current flowing through the operating current path falls below a predetermined threshold value.
  • the mechanical switch can only be opened when the current intensity of the current flowing through the operating current path falls below a predetermined threshold value.
  • Such a parameter may be, for example, a measured value i (t) of the current flowing through the operating current path, an average value of the measured current during a predetermined time interval or another current-related value.
  • the mechanical switch is not opened until the current flowing through the operating current path has reached zero. Then arises when opening the mechanical switch no arc. In practice, however, the mechanical switch can already be opened when the current flowing through the operating current path falls below a predetermined (small) threshold value. Due to the low current that still flows, a (small) arc will occur in the mechanical switch, but this is harmless if the switch has a suitable arc resistance.
  • the method may also be such that (after the mechanical switch is opened) the current flowing through the turn-off current path is turned off by means of the power electronics switch.
  • the direct current commutated by the operating current path into the turn-off current path is cut off by means of the power electronic switch, whereby a rapid shutdown of the direct current is possible.
  • the method may also be implemented so that the operating current path and the Abschaltstromform are operated at high voltage potential, and the first winding of the transformer and the supply unit are operated at low voltage potential, in particular connected to ground potential.
  • the method also has the advantages indicated above in connection with the device.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of a device 1 for switching a direct current I1 is shown.
  • This device 1 may also be referred to as a DC switch 1.
  • the device 1 has a first terminal 3, which is electrically connected to an operating current path 5.
  • the operating current path has a mechanical switch 7, whose one contact with the first terminal 3 and whose other contact with a second terminal 9 is electrically connected.
  • the first terminal 3 is connected to a first conductor 11 of a high-voltage direct current network, not shown
  • the second terminal 9 is connected to a second conductor 13 of this high-voltage direct current network.
  • the mechanical switch 7 is shown in the open state, it is assumed in the description below that the mechanical switch (in contrast to the illustration in FIG. 1 ) closed is.
  • the electrical direct current I1 flows from the first conductor 11 via the first terminal 3, the closed mechanical switch 7 of the operating current path 5 and the second terminal 9 to the second conductor 13.
  • the mechanical switch 7 has a very low contact resistance Consequently, occur during the flow of current through the mechanical switch 7 only small electrical losses. Therefore, the device 1 is able to conduct the electrical current in the on state with only small electrical leakage losses.
  • the device 1 also has a turn-off current path 15, which is connected in parallel with the operating current path 5.
  • This Abschaltstrompfad 15 is realized in the embodiment as an electrical series circuit of a power electronic switch 17 and a second winding 19 of a transformer 21.
  • a first winding 23 of the transformer 21 is electrically connected to a supply unit 25.
  • the transformer 21 and the feed unit 25 form a commutation device.
  • the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 is the primary winding
  • the second winding 19 of the transformer 21 is the secondary winding.
  • the first winding 23 and the second winding 19 are galvanically isolated, between the first winding 23 and the second winding 19 is a high-voltage resistant electrical insulation 27 is arranged.
  • the feed unit 25 and the second winding 19 can be realized at a completely different electrical potential.
  • the potential of the second winding 19 (as well as the potential of the mechanical switch 7, the power electronic switch 17, the first terminal 3 and the second terminal 9) can be configured as a high-voltage potential 29, while the first winding 23 and the power supply unit 25 have low-voltage potential 31 exhibit. It is particularly advantageous that the power supply of the supply unit 25 can be made to low-voltage potential 31, whereby an expensive and complex energy supply to high-voltage potential 29 is unnecessary. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the control of elements of the supply unit with low-voltage potential 31 can also take place. The power electronics of the supply unit 25 can thereby also be realized at low-voltage potential or ground potential. So it is only a small amount of insulation for the feed unit 25 is necessary, since this is at low voltage potential or ground potential.
  • the feeding unit 25 generates an electric voltage which is applied to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21.
  • the supply unit is able to influence the voltage occurring at the second winding 19 of the transformer as a result of the induction.
  • the supply unit 25 and the transformer 21 thus serve to introduce into the Abschaltrompfad 15 a voltage which serves as a commutation voltage.
  • This commutation voltage is in FIG. 1 shown with a voltage arrow Uk.
  • the electrical circuit with the mechanical switch 7, the power electronic switch 17 and the transformer 21 form a Kommut réellesschleife the device 1.
  • the introduction of the commutation Uk in the Abschaltstrompfad 15 allows active commutation, ie the active initiation of the commutation by means of the commutation Uk.
  • the mechanical switch 7 and the power electronic switch 17 are closed (switched on).
  • the direct current I1 flows almost completely through the operating current path 5 via the mechanical switch 7, because the mechanical switch 7 has a much lower forward resistance than the power electronic switch 17. If the direct current I1 is to be switched off by means of the device 1, then This is not possible only at a high direct current I1, that the mechanical switch 7 is opened. When switching off a high current I1 alone by means of the mechanical switch 7 namely an arc would arise in the mechanical switch 7, which could damage or destroy it.
  • the direct current I1 is redirected / commutated from the operating current path 5 to the turn-off current path 15;
  • an electrical voltage is applied to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 by means of the feed unit 25.
  • a current flows through the first winding of the transformer. Due to the current change in the first winding 23 of the transformer, the commutation voltage Uk is induced in the second winding 19. Due to the commutation voltage Uk, a commutation current Ik flows in the commutation loop (i.e., in the loop formed by the operating current path 5 and the turn-off current path 15). This commutation current Ik is directed opposite to the current I1 to be disconnected in the operating current path. By means of this oppositely directed commutation current, the direct current in the operating current path 5 is reduced.
  • the mechanical switch 7 is opened.
  • a characteristic of the direct current I1 can be, for example, the instantaneous value i (t) of the current I1, which is measured in the operating current path.
  • the mechanical switch 7 is not opened until the DC current I1 flowing through the mechanical switch 7 has reached zero. In this case arises in the mechanical switch 7 no arc at all.
  • the mechanical switch 7 can also be opened already when the direct current I1 flowing through the mechanical switch 7 has assumed a small value (for example when the direct current I1 falls below the value of 100A). In this case, while opening the mechanical switch 7 creates an arc.
  • the DC current flowing through the cut-off current path 15 becomes larger and larger.
  • the DC current I1 commutes from Operating current path 5 in the Abschaltstrompfad 15.
  • the power electronic switch 17 is opened and thus the DC I1 off.
  • the power electronic switch 17 is able to absorb the switching energy occurring during the shutdown and convert it into heat energy. Thus, the shutdown of the DC I1 is completed.
  • the device 1 is the FIG. 1 shown with further details.
  • the electronic power switch 17 has a plurality of switching modules 210 connected in series, to each of which an arrester 213 is connected in parallel.
  • the arrester can be designed, for example, as a metal oxide varistor. Such metal oxide varistors have a particularly advantageous characteristic.
  • the arrester serves to absorb or convert the switching energy occurring when switching off.
  • the arrester 213 serves to protect the switching module 210 against overvoltage peaks.
  • the power electronic switch 17 can also be realized so that it has only one switching module 210 with a parallel-connected arrester 213. Then this is a switching module designed such a voltage-resistant that this switching module can accommodate the complete voltage applied to the power electronic switch 17 voltage. However, if the power electronic switch 17 - as in FIG. 2 shown - has a plurality of series-connected switching modules 210, then divides the voltage to be switched on the individual switching modules, so that these switching modules 210 each have to absorb only a lower dielectric strength. As a result, inexpensive switching modules can be used with a lower permissible switching voltage.
  • the feed unit 25 comprises a converter 228 and an energy storage 230.
  • the energy storage 230 may, for example, as a Capacitor 230 may be configured.
  • the energy store 230 stores the electrical energy required to commutate the direct current I1.
  • the energy storage device 230 can be supplied with electrical energy, for example, from a conventional low-voltage network, eg a 380 volt alternating current network. If the energy storage device 230 is charged, then it allows an energy-autonomous operation of the device 1 even in the event that the power supply 230 supplying power supply network should fail.
  • the inverter 228 is used to feed the transformer 21.
  • a converter 228, a conventional, known in the art inverter can be used, for example, constructed in a bridge circuit inverter.
  • the circuit of the inverter 228 can thus be designed differently, it can be used here, for example, standard converters, which are available for industrial drives for different services.
  • the primary current flowing through the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 can be controlled within wide limits. This makes it possible to control the commutation specifically.
  • a DC voltage can be applied.
  • the commutation current Ik is (at least for a short time) also designed as a linearly increasing current.
  • an alternating voltage can be applied to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 by means of the converter 228.
  • an alternating voltage is induced in the second winding 19. Due to this alternating voltage, the commutation current Ik flows in the commutation loop.
  • a current sensor 233 is shown, which measures the current flowing through the operating current path 5 (and thus the current flowing through the mechanical switch 7) to form current measured values.
  • the current sensor 233 transmits these current measured values to a controller 235, which evaluates the current measured values.
  • the controller 235 recognizes that a characteristic of the current I1 flowing through the operating current path 5 is below a predetermined threshold value, it issues an opening command to the mechanical switch 7. Later (when the mechanical switch 7 is open), the controller 235 additionally inputs Opening command to the electronic power switch 17.
  • the controller 235 also drive the inverter 228, so that it outputs a corresponding voltage to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 to initiate the commutation process.
  • the controller 235 thus controls the entire shutdown of the DC current I1.
  • FIG. 3 is exemplified how a switching module 210 may be constructed.
  • FIG. 3 shows a very simple constructed switching module 210, which consists only of a switching element 311 and an antiparallel-connected freewheeling diode 312.
  • a switching element 311 can be used, for example, on and off power semiconductor switch 311.
  • switching element 311 a wide variety of power semiconductor components can be used, for example a power transistor, an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) or a GTO (gate turnoff thyristor).
  • FIG. 4 an embodiment of the power electronic switch 17 is shown.
  • the power electronic switch 17 has a plurality of switching modules 210, which are similar to those in the FIG. 2 illustrated switching module are constructed.
  • the number of switching modules is variable and can be selected according to the level of voltage applied to the switch 17 electrical voltage.
  • the switching modules 210 are connected in series (series connection of the switching modules 210), wherein all switching modules have the same polarity / polarity.
  • an arrester 213 is connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 5 another embodiment of a power electronic switch 17 is shown.
  • This Power electronic switch 17 has a plurality of switching modules 210, which are similar to those in the FIG. 2 illustrated switching modules are constructed. These switching modules 210 are connected in antiseries. In this antiserial circuit of the switching modules 210, the polarity / polarity of the switching modules changes, for example, adjacent switching modules have different polarities. In other words, the switching modules 210 of the power electronic switch 17 have opposite polarities / polarities. As a result, by means of this power electronic switch 17 DC currents flowing in both directions can be switched off. As with the power electronic switch the FIG. 4 For each switching module 210, an arrester 213 is connected in parallel.
  • the inverter 228 may be configured so that it can apply the voltage to the first winding 23 in any polarity (for example, by a bipolar design of the inverter 228).
  • FIG. 6 an embodiment of a switching module 210 'is shown, which in the in FIG. 2 shown device can replace a switching module 210 together with parallel connected arrester 213.
  • the switching module 210 'of FIG. 6 is a so-called brake actuator module known as such, in which electrical energy can be converted into thermal energy by means of an ohmic resistance 610.
  • the mechanical switch 7 is opened and capable of receiving voltage
  • the commutated direct current flows through terminals 616 and 617 into the switching module 210 '.
  • this direct current flows through a switching element 620 connected directly to the terminals 616 and 617.
  • this switching element 620 is turned off Then, the direct current flows through a diode 622 into a capacitor 625 and charges this capacitor 625.
  • a switching element 630 in the right circuit branch is turned on, whereby the capacitor discharges via the resistor 610; the electrical energy is converted into heat in the resistor 610.
  • the capacitor voltage drops. Falls below a predetermined lower voltage value of the capacitor voltage, the switching element 630 is turned off and the capacitor 625 recharges. This continues until the commutated DC power is off.
  • the described DC switch 1 or DC circuit breaker 1 can be used with advantage in high-voltage DC transmission networks (HVDC networks) to switch off operating currents or fault currents can. It may also be referred to as a high voltage DC circuit breaker 1. Due to the use of the mechanical switch 7 and the power electronic switch 17 low on-state losses are achieved in the on state; the power electronic switch 17 enables short response times and fast turn-off capability for DC currents. By means of the commutation device having a transformer, large potential differences between the Abschaltstromform and the supply unit can be realized. As a result, in particular the power supply of the feed unit and / or the control of the feed unit is simplified.
  • HVDC networks high-voltage DC transmission networks

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Schalten eines Gleichstroms mit einem Betriebsstrompfad, der einen mechanischen Schalter aufweist, einem zu dem Betriebsstrompfad parallelgeschalteten Abschaltstrompfad, der einen leistungselektronischen Schalter aufweist, und einer Kommutierungseinrichtung, die ein Kommutieren des Gleichstroms von dem Betriebsstrompfad in den Abschaltstrompfad ermöglicht.The invention relates to a device for switching a direct current with an operating current path having a mechanical switch, a shutdown current path connected in parallel to the operating current path, which has a power electronic switch, and a commutation device which enables a commutation of the direct current from the operating current path into the turn-off current path.

Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Abschalten eines Gleichstroms bei einer derartigen Vorrichtung.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for switching off a direct current in such a device.

Eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 2013/131582 A1 bekannt. Bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung weist die Kommutierungseinrichtung eine Reihenschaltung von zweipoligen Submodulen auf, wobei jedes Submodul über einen Energiespeicher und eine Leistungshalbleiterschaltung verfügt. Um die Energiespeicher der Submodule aufzuladen, ist ein Ladezweig vorgesehen, welcher den Hochspannungspotenzial aufweisenden Abschaltstrompfad mit Erdpotenzial verbindet. Die Energieversorgung der Kommutierungseinrichtung erfordert hier einen beträchtlichen Aufwand.A device of the type mentioned is from the international patent application WO 2013/131582 A1 known. In this known device, the commutation device has a series connection of two-pole submodules, wherein each submodule has an energy store and a power semiconductor circuit. In order to charge the energy storage of the submodules, a charging branch is provided, which connects the high voltage potential Abschaltstrompfad with ground potential. The power supply of the commutation requires a considerable effort here.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit denen auf eine einfache und kostengünstige Art und Weise Gleichströme sicher geschaltet werden können. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 1 und durch ein Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 12. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The invention has for its object to provide an apparatus and a method with which direct currents can be safely switched in a simple and cost-effective manner. This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments of the device and the method are specified in the dependent claims.

Offenbart wird eine Vorrichtung zum Schalten eines Gleichstroms mit einem Betriebsstrompfad, der einen mechanischen Schalter aufweist, einem zu dem Betriebsstrompfad parallelgeschalteten Abschaltstrompfad, der einen leistungselektronischen Schalter aufweist, und einer Kommutierungseinrichtung, die ein Kommutieren des Gleichstroms von dem Betriebsstrompfad in den Abschaltstrompfad ermöglicht, wobei die Kommutierungseinrichtung einen Transformator aufweist. Dabei ist besonders vorteilhaft, dass das Kommutieren des Gleichstroms von dem Betriebsstrompfad in den Abschaltstrompfad mittels eines Transformators erfolgt.Disclosed is a device for switching a DC current with an operating current path having a mechanical switch, a parallel to the operating current path A turn-off current path comprising a power electronic switch and commutation means for allowing the direct current to commutate from the operating current path to the turn-off current path, the commutation means comprising a transformer. It is particularly advantageous that the commutation of the direct current from the operating current path into the Abschaltstrompfad by means of a transformer.

Die Vorrichtung kann so ausgestaltet sein, dass der Transformator eine erste Wicklung und eine zweite Wicklung aufweist, welche galvanisch getrennt sind. Dadurch wird vorteilhafterweise eine galvanische Trennung erreicht, so dass der Abschaltstrompfad galvanisch getrennt ist gegenüber den weiteren an den Transformator angeschlossenen Einheiten.The device may be configured such that the transformer has a first winding and a second winding, which are galvanically isolated. As a result, a galvanic isolation is advantageously achieved, so that the Abschaltstrompfad is galvanically isolated from the other units connected to the transformer.

Die Vorrichtung kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass zwischen der ersten Wicklung und der zweiten Wicklung des Transformators eine hochspannungsfeste elektrische Isolierung angeordnet ist. Damit kann vorteilhafterweise eine große Potenzialdifferenz zwischen dem Abschaltstrompfad und den weiteren an den Transformator angeschlossenen Einheiten realisiert werden.The device can also be configured such that a high-voltage resistant electrical insulation is arranged between the first winding and the second winding of the transformer. Thus, advantageously, a large potential difference between the Abschaltstrompfad and the other units connected to the transformer can be realized.

Die Vorrichtung kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass der Abschaltstrompfad eine Reihenschaltung von der zweiten Wicklung des Transformators und dem leistungselektronischen Schalter aufweist. Diese Ausgestaltung ermöglicht es vorteilhafterweise, mittels der zweiten Wicklung des Transformators eine Kommutierungsspannung in den Abschaltstrompfad einzubringen.The device may also be configured so that the Abschaltstrompfad comprises a series circuit of the second winding of the transformer and the power electronic switch. This embodiment advantageously makes it possible to introduce a commutation voltage into the turn-off current path by means of the second winding of the transformer.

Die Vorrichtung kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass die erste Wicklung des Transformators mit einer Speiseeinheit verbunden ist, mittels der die an der zweiten Wicklung des Transformators auftretende Spannung beeinflusst, insbesondere eingestellt, werden kann. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung kann mit Hilfe der Speiseeinheit die an der zweiten Wicklung des Transformators auftretende Spannung (Kommutierungsspannung) beeinflusst bzw. eingestellt werden.The device can also be designed such that the first winding of the transformer is connected to a supply unit, by means of which the voltage occurring at the second winding of the transformer can be influenced, in particular adjusted. In this embodiment, with the aid of the feed unit at the second winding of the Transformer occurring voltage (commutation) influenced or adjusted.

Die Vorrichtung kann vorteilhafterweise auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass die Speiseeinheit einen Umrichter aufweist. Mit Hilfe des Umrichters kann an die erste Wicklung des Transformators eine in weiten Grenzen veränderbare Spannung angelegt werden, so dass dadurch die an der zweiten Wicklung des Transformators auftretende Spannung in weiten Grenzen beeinflusst beziehungsweise eingestellt werden kann.The device can advantageously also be designed such that the feed unit has an inverter. With the aid of the converter, a voltage which can be varied within wide limits can be applied to the first winding of the transformer so that the voltage occurring at the second winding of the transformer can be influenced or adjusted within wide limits.

Die Vorrichtung kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass die Speiseeinheit einen Energiespeicher, insbesondere einen Kondensator, aufweist. Eine Speiseeinheit mit einem derartigen Energiespeicher ermöglicht vorteilhafterweise ein energieautarkes Arbeiten der Vorrichtung. Dies ist beispielsweise bei einem Stromausfall in einem Gleichstrom-Hochspannungsnetz, an das die Vorrichtung angeschlossen ist, besonders von Vorteil.The device can also be configured such that the feed unit has an energy store, in particular a capacitor. A feed unit with such an energy store advantageously enables energy self-sufficient operation of the device. This is particularly advantageous, for example, in the event of a power failure in a DC high-voltage network to which the device is connected.

Die Vorrichtung kann dabei so ausgestaltet sein, dass der Energiespeicher zum Speichern der für das Kommutieren notwendigen elektrischen Energie eingerichtet ist. Dabei ist die elektrische Kapazität des Energiespeichers insbesondere so gewählt, dass der Energiespeicher eine ausreichend große elektrische Energie speichert, um den vollständigen Kommutierungsvorgang durchzuführen.The device can be configured such that the energy store is set up to store the electrical energy necessary for the commutation. In this case, the electrical capacity of the energy store is chosen in particular such that the energy store stores a sufficiently large electrical energy in order to carry out the complete commutation process.

Die Vorrichtung kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass der leistungselektronische Schalter zum Leiten des Gleichstroms in beide Richtungen und zum Abschalten eines solchen Gleichstroms (d.h. zum Abschalten von in beide Richtungen fließenden Gleichströmen) ausgebildet ist. Dies ermöglicht es, mit der Vorrichtung einen Gleichstrom abzuschalten, die im Betriebsstrompfad in einer Richtung fließt. Bei Bedarf kann mit der Vorrichtung aber auch ein Gleichstrom abgeschaltet werden, die im Betriebsstrompfad in der entgegengesetzten Richtung fließt.The device may also be designed such that the power electronic switch is designed to conduct the direct current in both directions and to switch off such a direct current (ie to switch off direct current flowing in both directions). This makes it possible to disconnect with the device a direct current flowing in the operating current path in one direction. If required, however, the device can also switch off a direct current which flows in the opposite direction in the operating current path.

Die Vorrichtung kann dabei so aufgebaut sein, dass der leistungselektronische Schalter eine Antiseriell-Schaltung von mehreren Schaltmodulen aufweist. Dabei kann jedes Schaltmodul ein Schaltelement und eine antiparallel geschaltete Diode aufweisen. Das Schaltelement kann insbesondere ein Leistungshalbleiterschalter sein.The device can be constructed so that the power electronic switch has an antiserial circuit of a plurality of switching modules. In this case, each switching module may have a switching element and a diode connected in antiparallel. The switching element may in particular be a power semiconductor switch.

Die Vorrichtung kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass der Betriebsstrompfad und der Abschaltstrompfad Hochspannungspotential aufweisen, und die erste Wicklung des Transformators und die Speiseeinheit Niederspannungspotential aufweisen. Insbesondere können die erste Wicklung des Transformators und die Speiseeinheit mit Erdpotential verbunden sein. Dies ermöglicht vorteilhafterweise die Anwendung der Vorrichtung in Hochspannungsgleichstromnetzen, um in Zweigen dieser Hochspannungsgleichstromnetze Gleichströme abzuschalten.The device may also be configured such that the operating current path and the cut-off current path have high-voltage potential, and the first winding of the transformer and the feed unit have low-voltage potential. In particular, the first winding of the transformer and the feed unit may be connected to ground potential. This advantageously allows the device to be used in high-voltage direct-current networks in order to switch off direct currents in branches of these high-voltage direct-current networks.

Offenbart wird weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Abschalten eines Gleichstroms bei einer Vorrichtung mit

  • einem Betriebsstrompfad, der einen mechanischen Schalter aufweist,
  • einem zu dem Betriebsstrompfad parallelgeschalteten Abschaltstrompfad, der einen leistungselektronischen Schalter aufweist, und
  • einer Kommutierungseinrichtung, die ein Kommutieren des Gleichstroms von dem Betriebsstrompfad in den Abschaltstrompfad ermöglicht und die einen Transformator aufweist, wobei bei dem Verfahren
  • der Gleichstrom zunächst durch den Betriebsstrompfad fließt, wobei der mechanische Schalter geschlossen ist,
  • mittels des Transformators in den Abschaltstrompfad eine Kommutierungsspannung eingebracht (eingeprägt) wird,
  • aufgrund der Kommutierungsspannung ein durch den Abschaltstrompfad und den Betriebsstrompfad fließender Kommutierungsstrom erzeugt wird, wobei der Kommutierungsstrom im Betriebsstrompfad entgegengesetzt zu dem Gleichstrom gerichtet ist,
  • aufgrund des Kommutierungsstroms der durch den Betriebsstrompfad fließende Strom verkleinert wird, und
  • daraufhin der mechanische Schalter geöffnet wird.
Disclosed is still a method for switching off a direct current in a device with
  • an operating current path having a mechanical switch,
  • a shutdown current path in parallel with the operating current path, which has a power electronic switch, and
  • a commutation device that enables commutation of the DC current from the operating current path into the turn-off current path and that includes a transformer, wherein in the method
  • the DC current first flows through the operating current path, with the mechanical switch closed,
  • a commutation voltage is introduced (impressed) by means of the transformer into the turn-off current path,
  • due to the commutation voltage, a commutation current flowing through the turn-off current path and the operating current path is generated, the commutation current in the operating current path being directed opposite to the direct current,
  • due to the commutation current, the current flowing through the operating current path is decreased, and
  • then the mechanical switch is opened.

Hierbei ist es insbesondere vorteilhaft, dass mittels des Transformators die Kommutierungsspannung in den Abschaltstrompfad eingebracht wird. Dies ermöglicht das Einbringen der Kommutierungsspannung in den Abschaltstrompfad bei einer mittels des Transformators realisierten galvanischen Trennung, insbesondere bei einer vollständigen Potenzialtrennung. Bei diesem Verfahren kann die Vorrichtung entsprechend allen oben angegebenen Varianten aufgebaut sein.It is particularly advantageous that the commutation voltage is introduced into the Abschaltstrompfad means of the transformer. This allows the introduction of the commutation voltage in the Abschaltstrompfad at a realized by means of the transformer galvanic isolation, in particular in a full potential separation. In this method, the device may be constructed according to all the variants given above.

Das Verfahren kann so ausgestaltet sein, dass der mechanische Schalter erst dann geöffnet wird, wenn eine Kenngröße des durch den Betriebsstrompfad fließenden Stroms einen vorbestimmten Schwellwert unterschreitet. Insbesondere kann der mechanische Schalter erst dann geöffnet werden, wenn die Stromstärke des durch den Betriebsstrompfad fließenden Stroms einen vorbestimmten Schwellwert unterschreitet.The method may be configured such that the mechanical switch is only opened when a characteristic of the current flowing through the operating current path falls below a predetermined threshold value. In particular, the mechanical switch can only be opened when the current intensity of the current flowing through the operating current path falls below a predetermined threshold value.

Eine derartige Kenngröße kann beispielsweise ein Messwert i(t) des durch den Betriebsstrompfad fließenden Stroms, ein Mittelwert des gemessenen Stroms während eines vorgegebenen Zeitintervalls oder ein anderer strombezogener Wert sein. Im Idealfall wird der mechanische Schalter erst dann geöffnet, wenn der durch den Betriebsstrompfad fließende Strom den Wert Null erreicht hat. Dann entsteht bei dem Öffnen des mechanischen Schalters kein Lichtbogen. In der Praxis kann der mechanische Schalter jedoch schon dann geöffnet werden, wenn der durch den Betriebsstrompfad fließende Strom einen vorgegebenen (kleinen) Schwellwert unterschreitet. Aufgrund des geringen dann noch fließenden Stroms wird bei dem mechanischen Schalter zwar ein (kleiner) Lichtbogen entstehen, der aber bei einer entsprechenden Lichtbogenfestigkeit des Schalters unschädlich ist.Such a parameter may be, for example, a measured value i (t) of the current flowing through the operating current path, an average value of the measured current during a predetermined time interval or another current-related value. Ideally, the mechanical switch is not opened until the current flowing through the operating current path has reached zero. Then arises when opening the mechanical switch no arc. In practice, however, the mechanical switch can already be opened when the current flowing through the operating current path falls below a predetermined (small) threshold value. Due to the low current that still flows, a (small) arc will occur in the mechanical switch, but this is harmless if the switch has a suitable arc resistance.

Das Verfahren kann auch so ablaufen, dass (nachdem der mechanische Schalter geöffnet ist) der durch den Abschaltstrompfad fließende Strom mittels des leistungselektronischen Schalters abgeschaltet wird.The method may also be such that (after the mechanical switch is opened) the current flowing through the turn-off current path is turned off by means of the power electronics switch.

Damit wird der Gleichstrom, der von dem Betriebsstrompfad in den Abschaltstrompfad kommutiert ist, mittels des leistungselektronischen Schalters abgeschaltet, wodurch ein schnelles Abschalten des Gleichstroms möglich ist.Thus, the direct current commutated by the operating current path into the turn-off current path is cut off by means of the power electronic switch, whereby a rapid shutdown of the direct current is possible.

Das Verfahren kann auch so realisiert sein, dass der Betriebsstrompfad und der Abschaltstrompfad auf Hochspannungspotential betrieben werden, und die erste Wicklung des Transformators und die Speiseeinheit auf Niederspannungspotential betrieben werden, insbesondere mit Erdpotential verbunden sind.The method may also be implemented so that the operating current path and the Abschaltstromform are operated at high voltage potential, and the first winding of the transformer and the supply unit are operated at low voltage potential, in particular connected to ground potential.

Das Verfahren weist außerdem die Vorteile auf, die oben im Zusammenhang mit der Vorrichtung angegeben sind.The method also has the advantages indicated above in connection with the device.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Dazu ist in

Figur 1
ein Prinzipschaltbild einer beispielhaften Vorrichtung, in
Figur 2
ein detaillierteres Schaltbild der Vorrichtung, in
Figur 3
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schaltmoduls mit einem Leistungshalbleiterschalter und einer Freilaufdiode, in
Figur 4
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines leistungselektronischen Schalters mit mehreren Schaltmodulen, in
Figur 5
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines leistungselektronischen Schalters mit mehreren Schaltmodulen und in
Figur 6
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schaltmoduls, das als ein Bremsstellermodul ausgestaltet ist,
dargestellt.In the following the invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments. This is in
FIG. 1
a schematic diagram of an exemplary device, in
FIG. 2
a more detailed circuit diagram of the device, in
FIG. 3
an embodiment of a switching module with a power semiconductor switch and a freewheeling diode, in
FIG. 4
an embodiment of a power electronic switch with multiple switching modules, in
FIG. 5
Another embodiment of a power electronic switch with multiple switching modules and in
FIG. 6
An embodiment of a switching module, which is designed as a brake actuator module,
shown.

In Figur 1 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung 1 zum Schalten eines Gleichstroms I1 dargestellt. Diese Vorrichtung 1 kann auch als ein Gleichstromschalter 1 bezeichnet werden. Die Vorrichtung 1 weist einen ersten Anschluss 3 auf, der elektrisch mit einem Betriebsstrompfad 5 verbunden ist. Der Betriebsstrompfad weist einen mechanischen Schalter 7 auf, dessen einer Kontakt mit dem ersten Anschluss 3 und dessen anderer Kontakt mit einem zweiten Anschluss 9 elektrisch verbunden ist. Der erste Anschluss 3 ist mit einem ersten Leiter 11 eines nicht weiter dargestellten Hochspannungs-Gleichstromnetzes verbunden, der zweite Anschluss 9 ist mit einem zweiten Leiter 13 dieses Hochspannungs-Gleichstromnetzes verbunden. Im eingeschalteten Zustand der Vorrichtung 1 ist der mechanische Schalter 7 geschlossen. In der Figur 1 ist der mechanische Schalter 7 zwar im geöffneten Zustand dargestellt, im Folgenden wird bei der Beschreibung jedoch vorausgesetzt, dass der mechanische Schalter (im Unterschied zu der Darstellung in Figur 1) geschlossen ist. Im eingeschalteten Zustand fließt der elektrische Gleichstrom I1 von dem ersten Leiter 11 über den ersten Anschluss 3, den geschlossenen mechanischen Schalter 7 des Betriebsstrompfads 5 und den zweiten Anschluss 9 zu dem zweiten Leiter 13. Im geschlossenen Zustand hat der mechanische Schalter 7 einen sehr geringen Durchgangswiderstand, demzufolge treten beim Stromfluss über den mechanischen Schalter 7 nur geringe elektrische Verluste auf. Daher ist die Vorrichtung 1 in der Lage, im eingeschalteten Zustand den elektrischen Strom mit nur geringen elektrischen Durchlassverlusten zu leiten.In FIG. 1 an embodiment of a device 1 for switching a direct current I1 is shown. This device 1 may also be referred to as a DC switch 1. The device 1 has a first terminal 3, which is electrically connected to an operating current path 5. The operating current path has a mechanical switch 7, whose one contact with the first terminal 3 and whose other contact with a second terminal 9 is electrically connected. The first terminal 3 is connected to a first conductor 11 of a high-voltage direct current network, not shown, the second terminal 9 is connected to a second conductor 13 of this high-voltage direct current network. When the device 1 is switched on, the mechanical switch 7 is closed. In the FIG. 1 Although the mechanical switch 7 is shown in the open state, it is assumed in the description below that the mechanical switch (in contrast to the illustration in FIG FIG. 1 ) closed is. When switched on, the electrical direct current I1 flows from the first conductor 11 via the first terminal 3, the closed mechanical switch 7 of the operating current path 5 and the second terminal 9 to the second conductor 13. In the closed state, the mechanical switch 7 has a very low contact resistance Consequently, occur during the flow of current through the mechanical switch 7 only small electrical losses. Therefore, the device 1 is able to conduct the electrical current in the on state with only small electrical leakage losses.

Die Vorrichtung 1 weist weiterhin einen Abschaltstrompfad 15 auf, welcher parallel zu dem Betriebsstrompfad 5 geschaltet ist. Dieser Abschaltstrompfad 15 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel als eine elektrische Reihenschaltung von einem leistungselektronischen Schalter 17 und einer zweiten Wicklung 19 eines Transformators 21 realisiert. Eine erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators 21 ist mit einer Speiseeinheit 25 elektrisch verbunden. Der Transformator 21 und die Speiseeinheit 25 bilden eine Kommutierungseinrichtung.The device 1 also has a turn-off current path 15, which is connected in parallel with the operating current path 5. This Abschaltstrompfad 15 is realized in the embodiment as an electrical series circuit of a power electronic switch 17 and a second winding 19 of a transformer 21. A first winding 23 of the transformer 21 is electrically connected to a supply unit 25. The transformer 21 and the feed unit 25 form a commutation device.

Die erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators 21 ist die Primärwicklung, die zweite Wicklung 19 des Transformators 21 ist die Sekundärwicklung. Die erste Wicklung 23 und die zweite Wicklung 19 sind galvanisch getrennt, zwischen der ersten Wicklung 23 und der zweiten Wicklung 19 ist eine hochspannungsfeste elektrische Isolierung 27 angeordnet. Dadurch besteht eine galvanische Trennung zwischen der zweiten Wicklung 19 und der Speiseeinheit 25. Dadurch können die Speiseeinheit 25 und die zweite Wicklung 19 auf einem völlig anderen elektrischen Potenzial realisiert werden. Insbesondere kann das Potenzial der zweiten Wicklung 19 (wie auch das Potenzial des mechanischen Schalters 7, des leistungselektronischen Schalters 17, des ersten Anschlusses 3 und des zweiten Anschlusses 9) als Hochspannungspotenzial 29 ausgestaltet sein, während die erste Wicklung 23 und die Speiseeinheit 25 Niederspannungspotenzial 31 aufweisen. Dabei ist besonders vorteilhaft, dass die Energieversorgung der Speiseeinheit 25 auf Niederspannungspotenzial 31 erfolgen kann, wodurch eine teure und aufwändige Energieversorgung auf Hochspannungspotenzial 29 unnötig ist. Weiterhin ist vorteilhaft, dass auch die Ansteuerung von Elementen der Speiseeinheit mit Niederspannungspotenzial 31 erfolgen kann. Die Leistungselektronik der Speiseeinheit 25 kann dadurch ebenfalls auf Niederspannungspotenzial beziehungsweise Erdpotenzial realisiert werden. Es ist also nur ein geringer Isolationsaufwand für die Speiseeinheit 25 notwendig, da sich diese auf Niederspannungspotenzial beziehungsweise Erdpotenzial befindet.The first winding 23 of the transformer 21 is the primary winding, the second winding 19 of the transformer 21 is the secondary winding. The first winding 23 and the second winding 19 are galvanically isolated, between the first winding 23 and the second winding 19 is a high-voltage resistant electrical insulation 27 is arranged. As a result, there is a galvanic isolation between the second winding 19 and the feed unit 25. As a result, the feed unit 25 and the second winding 19 can be realized at a completely different electrical potential. In particular, the potential of the second winding 19 (as well as the potential of the mechanical switch 7, the power electronic switch 17, the first terminal 3 and the second terminal 9) can be configured as a high-voltage potential 29, while the first winding 23 and the power supply unit 25 have low-voltage potential 31 exhibit. It is particularly advantageous that the power supply of the supply unit 25 can be made to low-voltage potential 31, whereby an expensive and complex energy supply to high-voltage potential 29 is unnecessary. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the control of elements of the supply unit with low-voltage potential 31 can also take place. The power electronics of the supply unit 25 can thereby also be realized at low-voltage potential or ground potential. So it is only a small amount of insulation for the feed unit 25 is necessary, since this is at low voltage potential or ground potential.

Die Speiseeinheit 25 erzeugt eine elektrische Spannung, welche an die erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators 21 angelegt wird. Dadurch ist die Speiseeinheit in der Lage, die an der zweiten Wicklung 19 des Transformators in Folge der Induktion auftretende Spannung zu beeinflussen. Die Speiseeinheit 25 und der Transformator 21 dienen also dazu, in den Abschaltrompfad 15 eine Spannung einzubringen, welche als Kommutierungsspannung dient. Diese Kommutierungsspannung ist in Figur 1 mit einem Spannungspfeil Uk dargestellt. Der elektrische Stromkreis mit dem mechanischen Schalter 7, dem leistungselektronischen Schalter 17 und dem Transformator 21 bilden eine Kommutierungsschleife der Vorrichtung 1. Das Einbringen der Kommutierungsspannung Uk in den Abschaltstrompfad 15 ermöglicht eine aktive Kommutierung, d.h. das aktive Einleiten des Kommutierungsvorgangs mittels der Kommutierungsspannung Uk.The feeding unit 25 generates an electric voltage which is applied to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21. As a result, the supply unit is able to influence the voltage occurring at the second winding 19 of the transformer as a result of the induction. The supply unit 25 and the transformer 21 thus serve to introduce into the Abschaltrompfad 15 a voltage which serves as a commutation voltage. This commutation voltage is in FIG. 1 shown with a voltage arrow Uk. The electrical circuit with the mechanical switch 7, the power electronic switch 17 and the transformer 21 form a Kommutierungsschleife the device 1. The introduction of the commutation Uk in the Abschaltstrompfad 15 allows active commutation, ie the active initiation of the commutation by means of the commutation Uk.

Im eingeschalteten Zustand der Vorrichtung 1 sind der mechanische Schalter 7 und der leistungselektronische Schalter 17 geschlossen (eingeschaltet). In diesem eingeschalteten Zustand fließt der Gleichstrom I1 nahezu vollständig durch den Betriebsstrompfad 5 über den mechanischen Schalter 7, weil der mechanische Schalter 7 einen wesentlich geringeren Durchlasswiderstand aufweist als der leistungselektronische Schalter 17. Wenn der Gleichstrom I1 mittels der Vorrichtung 1 abgeschaltet werden soll, dann ist dies bei einem hohen Gleichstrom I1 nicht allein dadurch möglich, dass der mechanische Schalter 7 geöffnet wird. Beim Abschalten eines hohen Stroms I1 allein mittels des mechanischen Schalters 7 würde nämlich ein Lichtbogen im mechanischen Schalter 7 entstehen, welcher diesen beschädigen oder zerstören könnte. Daher wird zum Abschalten der Gleichstrom I1 von dem Betriebsstrompfad 5 in den Abschaltstrompfad 15 umgelenkt/kommutiert; es findet eine Kommutierung des Stroms I1 von dem Betriebsstrompfad 5 in den Abschaltstrompfad 15 statt. Um diese Kommutierung durchzuführen, wird mittels der Speiseeinheit 25 eine elektrische Spannung an die erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators 21 angelegt.When the device 1 is switched on, the mechanical switch 7 and the power electronic switch 17 are closed (switched on). In this switched-on state, the direct current I1 flows almost completely through the operating current path 5 via the mechanical switch 7, because the mechanical switch 7 has a much lower forward resistance than the power electronic switch 17. If the direct current I1 is to be switched off by means of the device 1, then This is not possible only at a high direct current I1, that the mechanical switch 7 is opened. When switching off a high current I1 alone by means of the mechanical switch 7 namely an arc would arise in the mechanical switch 7, which could damage or destroy it. Therefore, to turn off, the direct current I1 is redirected / commutated from the operating current path 5 to the turn-off current path 15; There is a commutation of the current I1 of the operating current path 5 in the Abschaltstrompad 15 instead. To perform this commutation, an electrical voltage is applied to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 by means of the feed unit 25.

Aufgrund dieser Spannung fließt ein Strom durch die erste Wicklung des Transformators. Aufgrund der Stromänderung in der ersten Wicklung 23 des Transformators wird in der zweiten Wicklung 19 die Kommutierungsspannung Uk induziert. Aufgrund der Kommutierungsspannung Uk fließt in der Kommutierungsschleife (d.h. in der durch den Betriebsstrompfad 5 und den Abschaltstrompfad 15 gebildeten Masche) ein Kommutierungsstrom Ik. Dieser Kommutierungsstrom Ik ist im Betriebsstrompfad dem abzuschaltenden Strom I1 entgegengesetzt gerichtet. Durch diesen entgegengesetzt gerichteten Kommutierungsstrom wird der Gleichstrom im Betriebsstrompfad 5 verringert.Due to this voltage, a current flows through the first winding of the transformer. Due to the current change in the first winding 23 of the transformer, the commutation voltage Uk is induced in the second winding 19. Due to the commutation voltage Uk, a commutation current Ik flows in the commutation loop (i.e., in the loop formed by the operating current path 5 and the turn-off current path 15). This commutation current Ik is directed opposite to the current I1 to be disconnected in the operating current path. By means of this oppositely directed commutation current, the direct current in the operating current path 5 is reduced.

Sobald eine Kenngröße des Gleichstroms I1 einen vorbestimmten Schwellenwert unterschreitet, wird der mechanische Schalter 7 geöffnet. Eine solche Kenngröße des Gleichstroms I1 kann beispielsweise der Augenblickswert i(t) des Stroms I1 sein, welcher im Betriebsstrompfad gemessen wird. Im Idealfall wird der mechanische Schalter 7 erst dann geöffnet, wenn der durch den mechanischen Schalter 7 fließende Gleichstrom I1 den Wert Null erreicht hat. In diesem Fall entsteht im mechanischen Schalter 7 überhaupt kein Lichtbogen. Der mechanische Schalter 7 kann aber auch bereits dann geöffnet werden, wenn der durch den mechanischen Schalter 7 fließende Gleichstrom I1 einen kleinen Wert angenommen hat (beispielsweise wenn der Gleichstrom I1 den Wert von 100A unterschreitet). In diesem Fall entsteht zwar beim Öffnen des mechanischen Schalters 7 ein Lichtbogen. Bei einer entsprechenden lichtbogenfesten Ausgestaltung des mechanischen Schalters 7 wird dieser jedoch durch diesen (schwachen) Lichtbogen nicht beschädigt. Wenn der Gleichstrom im Betriebsstrompfad 5 den Wert Null erreicht hat und ein etwaiger Lichtbogen beim mechanischen Schalter 7 erloschen ist, dann kann die Isolierstrecke des mechanischen Schalters 7 Spannung aufnehmen.As soon as a characteristic of the direct current I1 falls below a predetermined threshold value, the mechanical switch 7 is opened. Such a characteristic of the direct current I1 can be, for example, the instantaneous value i (t) of the current I1, which is measured in the operating current path. Ideally, the mechanical switch 7 is not opened until the DC current I1 flowing through the mechanical switch 7 has reached zero. In this case arises in the mechanical switch 7 no arc at all. However, the mechanical switch 7 can also be opened already when the direct current I1 flowing through the mechanical switch 7 has assumed a small value (for example when the direct current I1 falls below the value of 100A). In this case, while opening the mechanical switch 7 creates an arc. In a corresponding arc-resistant design of the mechanical switch 7 but this is not damaged by this (weak) arc. When the DC current in the operating current path 5 has reached zero and any arc in the mechanical switch 7 is extinguished, then the insulating path of the mechanical switch 7 can absorb voltage.

Wenn der durch den Betriebsstrompfad fließende Gleichstrom I1 durch den Kommutierungsstrom Ik immer kleiner wird, wird im Gegenzug der durch den Abschaltstrompfad 15 fließende Gleichstrom immer größer. Der Gleichstrom I1 kommutiert also vom Betriebsstrompfad 5 in den Abschaltstrompfad 15. Nachdem der Gleichstrom I1 (vollständig oder nahezu vollständig) in den Abschaltstrompfad 15 kommutiert ist, wird der leistungselektronische Schalter 17 geöffnet und damit der Gleichstrom I1 abgeschaltet. Der leistungselektronische Schalter 17 ist in der Lage, die bei dem Abschalten auftretende Schaltenergie aufzunehmen und in Wärmeenergie umzusetzen. Damit ist das Abschalten des Gleichstroms I1 beendet.In turn, as the DC current I1 flowing through the operating current path becomes smaller and smaller through the commutation current Ik, the DC current flowing through the cut-off current path 15 becomes larger and larger. The DC current I1 commutes from Operating current path 5 in the Abschaltstrompfad 15. After the DC I1 (completely or almost completely) is commutated in the Abschaltstrompad 15, the power electronic switch 17 is opened and thus the DC I1 off. The power electronic switch 17 is able to absorb the switching energy occurring during the shutdown and convert it into heat energy. Thus, the shutdown of the DC I1 is completed.

In Figur 2 ist die Vorrichtung 1 der Figur 1 mit weiteren Details dargestellt. Es ist zu erkennen, dass der leistungselektronische Schalter 17 mehrere in Reihe geschaltete Schaltmodule 210 aufweist, welchen jeweils ein Ableiter 213 parallel geschaltet ist. Der Ableiter kann beispielsweise als ein Metalloxid-Varistor ausgestaltet sein. Solche Metalloxid-Varistoren weisen eine besonders vorteilhafte Kennlinie auf. Der Ableiter dient zum Absorbieren bzw. Umsetzen der beim Abschalten auftretenden Schaltenergie. Außerdem dient der Ableiter 213 jeweils zum Schutz des Schaltmoduls 210 vor Überspannungsspitzen.In FIG. 2 the device 1 is the FIG. 1 shown with further details. It can be seen that the electronic power switch 17 has a plurality of switching modules 210 connected in series, to each of which an arrester 213 is connected in parallel. The arrester can be designed, for example, as a metal oxide varistor. Such metal oxide varistors have a particularly advantageous characteristic. The arrester serves to absorb or convert the switching energy occurring when switching off. In addition, the arrester 213 serves to protect the switching module 210 against overvoltage peaks.

Der leistungselektronische Schalter 17 kann auch so realisiert sein, dass dieser nur ein Schaltmodul 210 mit einem parallel geschalteten Ableiter 213 aufweist. Dann ist dieses eine Schaltmodul derart spannungsfest ausgestaltet, dass dieses Schaltmodul die komplette an dem leistungselektronischen Schalter 17 anliegende Spannung aufnehmen kann. Wenn der leistungselektronische Schalter 17 jedoch - wie in Figur 2 dargestellt - mehrere in Reihe geschaltete Schaltmodule 210 aufweist, dann teilt sich die zu schaltende Spannung auf die einzelnen Schaltmodule auf, so dass diese Schaltmodule 210 jeweils nur eine geringere Spannungsfestigkeit aufnehmen müssen. Dadurch lassen sich preisgünstige Schaltmodule mit geringerer zulässiger Schaltspannung einsetzen.The power electronic switch 17 can also be realized so that it has only one switching module 210 with a parallel-connected arrester 213. Then this is a switching module designed such a voltage-resistant that this switching module can accommodate the complete voltage applied to the power electronic switch 17 voltage. However, if the power electronic switch 17 - as in FIG. 2 shown - has a plurality of series-connected switching modules 210, then divides the voltage to be switched on the individual switching modules, so that these switching modules 210 each have to absorb only a lower dielectric strength. As a result, inexpensive switching modules can be used with a lower permissible switching voltage.

Weiterhin ist in Figur 2 dargestellt, dass die Speiseeinheit 25 einen Umrichter 228 und einen Energiespeicher 230 aufweist. Der Energiespeicher 230 kann beispielsweise als ein Kondensator 230 ausgestaltet sein. Der Energiespeicher 230 speichert bei eingeschaltetem Zustand der Vorrichtung 1 die zum Kommutieren des Gleichstroms I1 benötigte elektrische Energie. Der Energiespeicher 230 kann beispielsweise von einem herkömmlichen Niederspannungsnetz, z.B. einem 380 Volt-Wechselstromnetz, mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden. Wenn der Energiespeicher 230 aufgeladen ist, dann ermöglicht er ein energieautarkes Arbeiten der Vorrichtung 1 auch in dem Fall, dass das den Energiespeicher 230 versorgende Energieversorgungsnetz ausfallen sollte.Furthermore, in FIG. 2 illustrated that the feed unit 25 comprises a converter 228 and an energy storage 230. The energy storage 230 may, for example, as a Capacitor 230 may be configured. When the device 1 is in the on state, the energy store 230 stores the electrical energy required to commutate the direct current I1. The energy storage device 230 can be supplied with electrical energy, for example, from a conventional low-voltage network, eg a 380 volt alternating current network. If the energy storage device 230 is charged, then it allows an energy-autonomous operation of the device 1 even in the event that the power supply 230 supplying power supply network should fail.

Der Umrichter 228 dient zur Speisung des Transformators 21. Als Umrichter 228 kann ein herkömmlicher, dem Fachmann bekannter Umrichter eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise ein in Brückenschaltung aufgebauter Umrichter. Die Schaltung des Umrichters 228 kann also unterschiedlich ausgeführt sein, es können hier zum Beispiel auch Standardumrichter verwendet werden, welche für Industrieantriebe für verschiedene Leistungen verfügbar sind.The inverter 228 is used to feed the transformer 21. As a converter 228, a conventional, known in the art inverter can be used, for example, constructed in a bridge circuit inverter. The circuit of the inverter 228 can thus be designed differently, it can be used here, for example, standard converters, which are available for industrial drives for different services.

Mittels des Umrichters 228 kann der durch die erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators 21 fließende Primärstrom in weiten Grenzen gesteuert werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Kommutierungsvorgang gezielt zu steuern.By means of the converter 228, the primary current flowing through the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 can be controlled within wide limits. This makes it possible to control the commutation specifically.

Beispielsweise kann mittels des Umrichters 228 an die erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators 21 eine Gleichspannung angelegt werden. Daraufhin fließt kurzzeitig in der ersten Wicklung 23 (welche eine Induktivität darstellt) ein linear ansteigender Strom (di/dt=konstant). Aufgrund dieses linear ansteigenden Stroms in der ersten Wicklung 23 wird in der zweiten Wicklung 19 eine derartige Kommutierungsspannung induziert, dass der Kommutierungsstrom Ik (zumindest kurzzeitig) ebenfalls als linear ansteigender Strom ausgebildet ist. Mittels dieses Kommutierungsstroms Ik kann der Kommutierungsvorgang ausgeführt werden.For example, by means of the inverter 228 to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21, a DC voltage can be applied. Thereupon, a linearly increasing current (di / dt = constant) briefly flows in the first winding 23 (which represents an inductance). Because of this linearly increasing current in the first winding 23, such a commutation voltage is induced in the second winding 19 that the commutation current Ik is (at least for a short time) also designed as a linearly increasing current. By means of this commutation current Ik, the commutation process can be carried out.

In einer anderen beispielhaften Variante kann mittels des Umrichters 228 an die erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators 21 eine Wechselspannung angelegt werden. Dadurch wird in der zweiten Wicklung 19 eine Wechselspannung induziert. Aufgrund dieser Wechselspannung fließt in der Kommutierungsschleife der Kommutierungsstrom Ik.In another exemplary variant, an alternating voltage can be applied to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 by means of the converter 228. As a result, an alternating voltage is induced in the second winding 19. Due to this alternating voltage, the commutation current Ik flows in the commutation loop.

Es können aber mittels des Umrichters 228 auch andere Spannungssignale an die erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators angelegt werden. Wichtig ist lediglich, dass aufgrund der in der zweiten Wicklung 19 induzierten Kommutierungsspannung Uk in der Kommutierungsschleife ein Kommutierungsstrom Ik zu fließen beginnt, welcher entgegengesetzt zu dem durch den mechanischen Schalter 7 fließenden Gleichstrom I1 gerichtet ist.However, other voltage signals can also be applied to the first winding 23 of the transformer by means of the converter 228. It is only important that due to the commutation voltage Uk induced in the second winding 19, a commutation current Ik begins to flow in the commutation loop, which is directed opposite to the direct current I1 flowing through the mechanical switch 7.

Weiterhin ist in Figur 2 ein Stromsensor 233 dargestellt, welcher den durch den Betriebsstrompfad 5 fließenden Strom (und damit den durch den mechanischen Schalter 7 fließenden Strom) unter Bildung von Strom-Messwerten misst. Der Stromsensor 233 überträgt diese Strom-Messwerte an eine Steuerung 235, welche die Strom-Messwerte auswertet. Sobald die Steuerung 235 erkennt, dass eine Kenngröße des durch den Betriebsstrompfad 5 fließenden Stroms I1 einen vorbestimmten Schwellenwert unterschreitet, gibt sie ein Öffnungs-Kommando an den mechanischen Schalter 7. Später (wenn der mechanische Schalter 7 geöffnet ist) gibt die Steuerung 235 zusätzlich ein Öffnungs-Kommando an den leistungselektronischen Schalter 17. Weiterhin kann die Steuerung 235 auch den Umrichter 228 ansteuern, so dass dieser zum Einleiten des Kommutierungsvorgangs eine entsprechende Spannung an die erste Wicklung 23 des Transformators 21 ausgibt. Die Steuerung 235 steuert also den gesamten Abschaltvorgang des Gleichstroms I1.Furthermore, in FIG. 2 a current sensor 233 is shown, which measures the current flowing through the operating current path 5 (and thus the current flowing through the mechanical switch 7) to form current measured values. The current sensor 233 transmits these current measured values to a controller 235, which evaluates the current measured values. As soon as the controller 235 recognizes that a characteristic of the current I1 flowing through the operating current path 5 is below a predetermined threshold value, it issues an opening command to the mechanical switch 7. Later (when the mechanical switch 7 is open), the controller 235 additionally inputs Opening command to the electronic power switch 17. Furthermore, the controller 235 also drive the inverter 228, so that it outputs a corresponding voltage to the first winding 23 of the transformer 21 to initiate the commutation process. The controller 235 thus controls the entire shutdown of the DC current I1.

Es ist hierbei vorteilhaft, dass aufgrund der galvanischen Trennung / Potenzialtrennung des Transformators auch die Ansteuerung des leistungselektronischen Umrichters 228 mit Niederspannungspotenzial erfolgen kann und nicht mit Hochspannungspotenzial erfolgen muss. Es fallen also nur geringe Aufwände für elektrische Isolationen, Kühlung und Kommunikation mit dem Umrichter 228 an. Dadurch ergibt sich eine einfache und kostengünstige Realisierung der Vorrichtung 1. Weiterhin wird vorteilhaft mittels des Transformators eine galvanische Trennung zwischen dem Energiespeicher 230 und der Kommutierungsschleife 7, 17, 19 erreicht. Dadurch kann der Energiespeicher 230 sehr einfach und mit geringem Aufwand mit elektrischer Energie versorgt/aufgeladen werden.In this case, it is advantageous that, because of the galvanic isolation / electrical isolation of the transformer, it is also possible to control the power electronic converter 228 with low-voltage potential and not with high-voltage potential must be done. Thus, there are only small costs for electrical insulation, cooling and communication with the inverter 228. This results in a simple and cost-effective implementation of the device 1. Furthermore, a galvanic separation between the energy storage 230 and the commutation loop 7, 17, 19 is advantageously achieved by means of the transformer. As a result, the energy store 230 can be supplied / charged with electrical energy very easily and with little effort.

In Figur 3 ist beispielhaft dargestellt, wie ein Schaltmodul 210 aufgebaut sein kann. Figur 3 zeigt ein sehr einfach aufgebautes Schaltmodul 210, welches lediglich aus einem Schaltelement 311 und einer antiparallel geschalteten Freilaufdiode 312 besteht. Als Schaltelement 311 können zum Beispiel ein- und ausschaltbare Leistungshalbleiterschalter 311 eingesetzt werden. Als Schaltelement 311 können dabei verschiedenste Leistungshalbleiterbauelemente eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise ein Leistungstransistor, ein IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor) oder ein GTO (gate turnoff thyristor).In FIG. 3 is exemplified how a switching module 210 may be constructed. FIG. 3 shows a very simple constructed switching module 210, which consists only of a switching element 311 and an antiparallel-connected freewheeling diode 312. As a switching element 311 can be used, for example, on and off power semiconductor switch 311. As switching element 311, a wide variety of power semiconductor components can be used, for example a power transistor, an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) or a GTO (gate turnoff thyristor).

In Figur 4 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des leistungselektronischen Schalters 17 dargestellt. Der leistungselektronische Schalter 17 weist mehrere Schaltmodule 210 auf, die gleichartig zu dem in der Figur 2 dargestellten Schaltmodul aufgebaut sind. Die Anzahl der Schaltmodule ist variabel und kann entsprechend der Höhe der an dem Schalter 17 anliegenden elektrischen Spannung gewählt werden. Die Schaltmodule 210 sind seriell geschaltet (Reihenschaltung der Schaltmodule 210), wobei alle Schaltmodule die gleiche Polarität/Polung aufweisen. Zu jedem Schaltmodul 210 ist ein Ableiter 213 parallel geschaltet. Mittels dieses leistungselektronischen Schalters 17 kann ein in eine Richtung fließender Gleichstrom abgeschaltet werden.In FIG. 4 an embodiment of the power electronic switch 17 is shown. The power electronic switch 17 has a plurality of switching modules 210, which are similar to those in the FIG. 2 illustrated switching module are constructed. The number of switching modules is variable and can be selected according to the level of voltage applied to the switch 17 electrical voltage. The switching modules 210 are connected in series (series connection of the switching modules 210), wherein all switching modules have the same polarity / polarity. For each switching module 210, an arrester 213 is connected in parallel. By means of this power electronic switch 17, a direct current flowing in one direction can be switched off.

In Figur 5 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines leistungselektronischen Schalters 17 dargestellt. Dieser leistungselektronische Schalter 17 weist mehrere Schaltmodule 210 auf, die gleichartig zu den in der Figur 2 dargestellten Schaltmodulen aufgebaut sind. Diese Schaltmodule 210 sind antiseriell geschaltet. Bei dieser Antiseriell-Schaltung der Schaltmodule 210 wechselt die Polarität/Polung der Schaltmodule, z.B. weisen benachbarte Schaltmodule unterschiedliche Polaritäten auf. Mit anderen Worten weisen die Schaltmodule 210 des leistungselektronischen Schalters 17 entgegengesetzte Polaritäten/Polungen auf. Dadurch können mittels dieses leistungselektronischen Schalters 17 in beide Richtungen fließende Gleichströme abgeschaltet werden. Wie bei dem leistungselektronischen Schalter der Figur 4 ist jedem Schaltmodul 210 ein Ableiter 213 parallel geschaltet.In FIG. 5 another embodiment of a power electronic switch 17 is shown. This Power electronic switch 17 has a plurality of switching modules 210, which are similar to those in the FIG. 2 illustrated switching modules are constructed. These switching modules 210 are connected in antiseries. In this antiserial circuit of the switching modules 210, the polarity / polarity of the switching modules changes, for example, adjacent switching modules have different polarities. In other words, the switching modules 210 of the power electronic switch 17 have opposite polarities / polarities. As a result, by means of this power electronic switch 17 DC currents flowing in both directions can be switched off. As with the power electronic switch the FIG. 4 For each switching module 210, an arrester 213 is connected in parallel.

Bei Verwendung des leistungselektronischen Schalters 17 gemäß der Figur 5 können mit der Vorrichtung 1 in beide Richtungen fließende Gleichströme abgeschaltet werden. Es können also Gleichströme abgeschaltet werden, welche wie der Gleichstrom I1 der Figur 1 fließen und es können Gleichströme abgeschaltet werden, welche in entgegengesetzter Richtung fließen. Dabei kann der Umrichter 228 so ausgestaltet sein, dass er die Spannung an die erste Wicklung 23 in beliebiger Polarität anlegen kann (beispielsweise durch eine bipolare Ausführung des Umrichters 228).When using the power electronic switch 17 according to the FIG. 5 can be switched off with the device 1 in both directions flowing DC currents. It can therefore be switched off DC currents, which like the DC I1 of FIG. 1 flow and DC currents can be switched off, which flow in the opposite direction. In this case, the inverter 228 may be configured so that it can apply the voltage to the first winding 23 in any polarity (for example, by a bipolar design of the inverter 228).

In Figur 6 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schaltmoduls 210' dargestellt, welches bei der in Figur 2 gezeigten Vorrichtung ein Schaltmodul 210 samt parallel geschaltetem Ableiter 213 ersetzen kann. Bei dem Schaltmodul 210' der Figur 6 handelt es sich um ein als solches bekanntes sogenanntes Bremsstellermodul, bei dem elektrische Energie mittels eines ohmschen Widerstands 610 in Wärmeenergie umgesetzt werden kann. Wenn der mechanische Schalter 7 geöffnet ist und in der Lage ist, Spannung aufzunehmen, dann fließt der kommutierte Gleichstrom durch Anschlüsse 616 und 617 in das Schaltmodul 210'. Zunächst fließt dieser Gleichstrom über ein unmittelbar mit den Anschlüssen 616 und 617 verbundene Schaltelement 620. Wenn dieses Schaltelement 620 abgeschaltet wird, dann fließt der Gleichstrom über eine Diode 622 in einen Kondensator 625 und lädt diesen Kondensator 625 auf. Wenn die Kondensatorspannung einen vorgegebenen Wert überschreitet, dann wird ein Schaltelement 630 in dem rechten Schaltungszweig eingeschaltet, wodurch sich der Kondensator über den Widerstand 610 entlädt; die elektrische Energie wird in dem Wiederstand 610 in Wärme umgesetzt. Durch das Entladen des Kondensators sinkt die Kondensatorspannung. Bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen unteren Spannungswertes der Kondensatorspannung wird das Schaltelement 630 abgeschaltet und der Kondensator 625 lädt sich wieder auf. Dies wird fortgesetzt, bis der kommutierte Gleichstrom abgeschaltet ist.In FIG. 6 an embodiment of a switching module 210 'is shown, which in the in FIG. 2 shown device can replace a switching module 210 together with parallel connected arrester 213. The switching module 210 'of FIG. 6 is a so-called brake actuator module known as such, in which electrical energy can be converted into thermal energy by means of an ohmic resistance 610. When the mechanical switch 7 is opened and capable of receiving voltage, the commutated direct current flows through terminals 616 and 617 into the switching module 210 '. First, this direct current flows through a switching element 620 connected directly to the terminals 616 and 617. When this switching element 620 is turned off Then, the direct current flows through a diode 622 into a capacitor 625 and charges this capacitor 625. If the capacitor voltage exceeds a predetermined value, then a switching element 630 in the right circuit branch is turned on, whereby the capacitor discharges via the resistor 610; the electrical energy is converted into heat in the resistor 610. By discharging the capacitor, the capacitor voltage drops. Falls below a predetermined lower voltage value of the capacitor voltage, the switching element 630 is turned off and the capacitor 625 recharges. This continues until the commutated DC power is off.

Der beschriebene Gleichstrom-Schalter 1 beziehungsweise Gleichstrom-Leistungsschalter 1 kann mit Vorteil in Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Übertragungsnetzen (HGÜ-Netzen) eingesetzt werden, um Betriebsströme oder Fehlerströme abschalten zu können. Er kann auch als ein Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Leistungsschalter 1 bezeichnet werden. Aufgrund der Verwendung des mechanischen Schalters 7 und des leistungselektronischen Schalters 17 werden im eingeschalteten Zustand geringe Durchlassverluste erreicht; der leistungselektronische Schalter 17 ermöglicht kurze Reaktionszeiten und eine schnelle Abschaltfähigkeit für Gleichströme. Mittels der Kommutierungseinrichtung, die einen Transformator aufweist, können große Potenzialdifferenzen zwischen dem Abschaltstrompfad und der Speiseeinheit realisiert werden. Dadurch wird insbesondere die Energieversorgung der Speiseeinheit und/oder die Ansteuerung der Speiseeinheit vereinfacht.The described DC switch 1 or DC circuit breaker 1 can be used with advantage in high-voltage DC transmission networks (HVDC networks) to switch off operating currents or fault currents can. It may also be referred to as a high voltage DC circuit breaker 1. Due to the use of the mechanical switch 7 and the power electronic switch 17 low on-state losses are achieved in the on state; the power electronic switch 17 enables short response times and fast turn-off capability for DC currents. By means of the commutation device having a transformer, large potential differences between the Abschaltstromform and the supply unit can be realized. As a result, in particular the power supply of the feed unit and / or the control of the feed unit is simplified.

Es wurde eine Vorrichtung zum Schalten eines Gleichstroms sowie ein Verfahren zum Schalten eines Gleichstroms beschrieben, mit denen sicher und kostengünstig insbesondere große Gleichströme auf Hochspannungspotenzial abgeschaltet werden können.It has been described a device for switching a direct current and a method for switching a direct current, with which safe and cost especially large DC currents can be switched off to high voltage potential.

Claims (15)

  1. Device (1) for switching a direct current with
    - an operating current path (5) that comprises a mechanical switch (7),
    - a switch-off current path (15) that comprises a power electronic switch (17), the switch-off current path connected in parallel with the operating current path (5), and
    - a commutation device which enables commutation of the direct current from the operating current path (5) into the switch-off current path (15),
    characterized in that
    - the commutation device comprises a transformer (21).
  2. Device according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    - the transformer (21) comprises a first winding (23) and a second winding (19) which are electrically isolated.
  3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    - an electrical isolation (27) resistant to high voltages is arranged between the first winding (23) and the second winding (19) of the transformer (21).
  4. Device according to Claim 2 or 3,
    characterized in that
    - the switch-off current path (15) comprises a series circuit of the second winding (19) of the transformer (21) and the power electronic switch (17).
  5. Device according to one of Claims 2 to 4,
    characterized in that
    - the first winding (23) of the transformer (21) is connected to a feed unit (25), by means of which the voltage occurring at the second winding (19) of the transformer (21) can be influenced.
  6. Device according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that
    - the feed unit (25) comprises a converter (228).
  7. Device according to Claim 5 or 6,
    characterized in that
    - the feed unit (25) comprises an energy store (230), in particular a capacitor (230).
  8. Device according to Claim 7,
    characterized in that
    - the energy store (230) is designed for storing the electrical energy necessary for the commutation.
  9. Device according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that
    - the power electronic switch (17) is constructed to carry the direct current in both directions and to switch off such a direct current.
  10. Device according to Claim 9,
    characterized in that
    - the power electronic switch comprises an anti-serial circuit of a plurality of switching modules, wherein each switching module comprises a switching element with a diode connected anti-parallel.
  11. Device according to one of Claims 5 to 10,
    characterized in that
    - the operating current path (5) and the switch-off current path (15) are at a high voltage potential (29), and
    - the first winding (23) of the transformer (21) and the feed unit (25) are at a low voltage potential (31), in particular are connected to ground potential.
  12. Method for switching off a direct current in a device with
    - an operating current path (5) that comprises a mechanical switch (7),
    - a switch-off current path (15) that comprises a power electronic switch (17), the switch-off current path connected in parallel with the operating current path (5), and
    - a commutation device which enables commutation of the direct current from the operating current path (5) into the switch-off current path (15) and which comprises a transformer (21), wherein in the method
    - the direct current flows first through the operating current path (5), the mechanical switch (7) being closed,
    - a commutation voltage (UK) is inserted by means of the transformer (21) into the switch-off current path (15),
    - a commutation current (IK) flowing through the switch-off current path (15) and the operating current path (5) is generated as a result of the commutation voltage (UK), wherein the commutation current (IK) in the operating current path has the opposite direction to the direct current,
    - the current flowing through the operating current path is reduced as a result of the commutation current (IK), and
    - the mechanical switch (7) is thereupon opened.
  13. Method according to Claim 12,
    characterized in that
    - the mechanical switch (7) is not opened until a characteristic magnitude of the current flowing through the operating current path falls below a predetermined threshold value.
  14. Method according to Claim 12 or 13,
    characterized in that
    - after the mechanical switch (7) has opened, the current flowing through the switch-off current path is switched off by means of the power electronic switch (17).
  15. Method according to one of Claims 12 to 14,
    characterized in that
    - the operating current path (5) and the switch-off current path (15) are operated at a high voltage potential (29), and
    - the first winding (23) of the transformer (21) and the feed unit (25) are operated at a low voltage potential (31), in particular being connected to ground potential.
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CN105917431A (en) 2016-08-31
RU2016129625A3 (en) 2018-02-28
CN105917431B (en) 2019-06-28
WO2015110142A1 (en) 2015-07-30
ES2654098T3 (en) 2018-02-12
KR101832868B1 (en) 2018-02-28
RU2016129625A (en) 2018-02-28
RU2654533C2 (en) 2018-05-21
KR20160100398A (en) 2016-08-23
US10354820B2 (en) 2019-07-16
EP3072143A1 (en) 2016-09-28
PL3072143T3 (en) 2018-03-30
US20170011875A1 (en) 2017-01-12

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