EP2810289B1 - Method for connecting a direct current network section by means of dc current switch - Google Patents
Method for connecting a direct current network section by means of dc current switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2810289B1 EP2810289B1 EP12709061.1A EP12709061A EP2810289B1 EP 2810289 B1 EP2810289 B1 EP 2810289B1 EP 12709061 A EP12709061 A EP 12709061A EP 2810289 B1 EP2810289 B1 EP 2810289B1
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- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- power semiconductor
- switch
- current path
- semiconductor switches
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
- H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for connecting a DC voltage section by means of a DC voltage switch.
- a DC voltage circuit breaker which can be integrated serially in a DC voltage line. It consists of a series connection of power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off, to each of which an opposite freewheeling diode is connected in parallel. Furthermore, an arrester, for example a varistor, is connected in parallel with each power semiconductor switch for limiting the voltage.
- the previously known DC voltage switch is designed purely electronic and thus switches considerably faster compared to commercially available mechanical switches. Within a few microseconds, a short-circuit current flowing via the DC voltage switch can be interrupted. The disadvantage, however, is that the operating current must also be conducted via the power semiconductor switches. This results in high transmission losses.
- the WO 2011/141055 discloses a DC voltage switch that can be serially connected to one pole of a high voltage DC network.
- the DC voltage switch consists of a mechanical switch in series with a power semiconductor switch, which is again connected in parallel with a counter-rotating freewheeling diode.
- Parallel to the series circuit of power semiconductor switch and mechanical switch a series circuit of coil and capacitor, ie an LC branch and an arrester, connected, which limits the voltage drop across the LC branch voltage.
- the power semiconductor switch a trap is connected in parallel. After opening the mechanical switch, the power semiconductor switch is turned on and off at the natural frequency of the LC branch. As a result, a vibration and finally a current zero crossing is generated in the mechanical switch, so that the resulting arc can be deleted.
- a DC voltage switch is disclosed.
- the DC voltage switch described therein has an operating current path with a mechanical switch and a Abschaltstrompfad, which is connected in parallel to the operating current path.
- Abschaltstrompfad a series circuit of power semiconductor switches is arranged, each of which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions.
- the consisting of power semiconductor switch and freewheeling diode switching units are arranged anti-serial, the turn-off power semiconductor switches are arranged in series and for each power semiconductor switch, a corresponding power semiconductor switch is provided with opposite passage direction. In this way, the current can be interrupted in both directions in Abschaltstrompfad.
- an electronic auxiliary switch is arranged in series with the mechanical switch in addition to the mechanical switch. During normal operation, the current flows through the operating current path and thus via the electronic auxiliary switch and via the closed mechanical switch, since the power semiconductor switches of the Abschaltstrompfades represent an increased resistance to the direct current. To interrupt, for example, a short-circuit current of the electronic auxiliary switch is transferred to its disconnected position.
- the fast mechanical disconnector can therefore be opened normally.
- the short circuit current conducted via the switch-off current path can be interrupted by the power semiconductor switches.
- arresters are provided which are connected in parallel to the power semiconductor switches of the disconnecting current path.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method with which an error in the network section, for example a short circuit, can already be detected during the connection of a network section so that countermeasures can be initiated at an early stage.
- the invention solves this problem by a method for connecting a DC voltage section by means of a two-terminal DC switch having an operating current path with a mechanical switch and a mechanical switch bridging Abschaltstrompfad, in which at least one switchable on and off power semiconductor switch is arranged, the Abschaltstrompfad has a greater electrical resistance than the bridged section of the operating current path, wherein the mechanical switch is opened and a current flow in the Abschaltstrompfad is blocked by suitable control of the power semiconductor switch or, then the first terminal with a pole of a DC voltage source and the second terminal with a pole of the DC power supply section, finally the DC power supply section by driving the power semiconductor switch controlled voltage is applied and the mechanical switch is then closed.
- the DC voltage section is switched on in a controlled manner with the aid of a DC voltage switch, which has a shutdown current path with power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off, whereas a mechanical switch is arranged in the operating current path.
- This known as such embodiment of the DC voltage switch allows to transfer the mechanical switch before switching the network section in its disconnected position and to avoid a hard switching, so a connection by closing the mechanical switch.
- These can now be controlled so that the current or voltage is gradually increased, for example, ramp-shaped.
- a protective device arranged in the DC power supply section to be connected detects the presence of a short-circuit current, the switching on of the network section can be interrupted early so that damage during connection, for example in the DC voltage switch or in the direct current network section itself, can be avoided.
- the protective device communicates expediently directly or indirectly with a control or regulation unit of the DC voltage switch.
- the design of the mechanical switch is fundamentally arbitrary within the scope of the invention. However, it is important that the mechanical switch can absorb the required voltage. In addition, the mechanical switch should be able to open as quickly as possible, for example within a time window of 5 ms from the error message.
- the DC voltage switch according to the invention is connected in series in one pole of the DC voltage network, wherein a first terminal of the DC voltage switch is connected to one pole of the DC voltage source and the other terminal of the DC voltage switch with a pole of the DC power supply section. During normal operation of the DC switch, its terminals have approximately the same potential. The voltage dropping across the mechanical switch in the event of an earth fault in the DC voltage section therefore corresponds to the voltage of one pole with respect to the earth potential.
- the configuration of the Abschaltstrompfades, in particular the interconnection and arrangement of the power semiconductor switches, in the invention is basically arbitrary.
- the power semiconductor switches can form a series connection of power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off, with each power semiconductor switch having an opposite freewheeling diode connected in parallel with it.
- each power semiconductor switch it is expedient for each power semiconductor switch to connect an arrester for power consumption in parallel.
- the power semiconductor switches may be arranged antiseries, with the on-state of some power semiconductor switches being opposite to that of other of the series-connected power semiconductor switches. In this way two groups of power semiconductor switches are formed, one group responsible for switching off the current in one direction and the other group for switching off the current in the opposite direction.
- Such antiserial arrangement is described for example in the publication by Heffner and Jacobssen mentioned above.
- the Abschaltstrompfad also submodules with energy storage, such as capacitors, have. On this configuration of the Abschaltstrompfads will be discussed in more detail later.
- the Abschaltstrompfad after connecting the DC voltage source and before the controlled connection of the DC power supply section by means of a charging branch, which advantageously has an ohmic resistance, connected to the ground potential.
- a current flows via the turn-off power semiconductor switches of the Abschaltstrompfads to earth, which is determined by the design of the ohmic resistance.
- a voltage drop is generated at the power semiconductor switches. This voltage drop allows, for example, a power supply to the electronics of the power semiconductor switches.
- submodules with their own separate energy stores such as capacitors and the like
- these capacitors can first be charged before the DC voltage switch is put into operation and before the switched-on DC power grid section is switched on.
- the charging current flows down the said charge branch to earth.
- the charging branch is connectable via a switch with the Abschaltstrompfad.
- the switch is for example an electronic switch.
- cost-effective mechanical switches are preferably used, but their use is only possible due to the ohmic resistance.
- the controlled connection of the DC voltage section of the Abschaltstrompfad means of a charging branch, which advantageously has an ohmic resistance, connected to a Gegenpol the DC voltage source.
- the Abschaltstrompfad is not connected as in the previous embodiments with the ground potential, but with the opposite pole of the DC voltage source.
- the term "opposite pole of the DC voltage source" is to be understood as the pole of the DC network that is polarized opposite to the pole to which the terminal of the DC voltage switch is connected. If, for example, the DC voltage switch is serially connected in series in the positive pole of a two-pole DC voltage network, the switch-off current path is connected to the negative pole according to this expedient further development of the invention.
- This connection takes place for example by means of a mechanical switch. If the terminal with positive pole and the Abschaltstrompfad connected via the charging branch to the negative pole, falls on the turn-off power semiconductor switches from a voltage that drives a charging current. If energy stores are arranged in the shutdown current path, they can be loaded. It is essential that before the connection of the DC voltage section of the Abschaltstrompfad is operable in the sense that the DC voltage section controlled by the functional power semiconductor switch can be switched with optionally charged energy storage or capacitors.
- a series arrangement of two-pole submodules is arranged in the Abschaltstrompfad, each having an energy storage and a power semiconductor circuit parallel to the energy storage, which is connected to the two submodule connection terminals of the submodule, that with appropriate control of the power semiconductor switch of the power semiconductor circuit either the voltage dropping across the energy store or a zero voltage at the submodule connection terminals can be generated.
- Such a modular design of the Abschaltstrompfads is already known from the inverter technology. Inverters with such a topology are referred to as "modular multilevel inverters" (MMC). Due to the series connection of the submodules, it is possible to generate in the Abschaltstrompfad stepwise a voltage, wherein the height of the stages is determined by the voltage drop across the energy storage.
- the submodules can be designed as a half-bridge circuit or else as a full-bridge circuit.
- a half-bridge circuit the respective energy store of the submodule is connected in series with two switched on and off power semiconductor switches each with parallel opposing freewheeling diodes, wherein a first submodule connection terminal is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductor switches and a second submodule connection terminal to a pole of the energy store.
- the energy store is expediently a capacitor.
- reverse-conducting power semiconductor switches can also be used. It is also possible to use two series circuits of power semiconductor switches in the series circuit instead of the two individual power semiconductor switches.
- the power semiconductors of a series circuit are then controlled synchronously.
- a series circuit of simultaneously or synchronously controlled power semiconductor switches then acts as a single power semiconductor switch. Of course, then larger voltages can be switched. This also applies in principle to the full bridge circuit described below.
- the full-bridge circuit two series circuits each consisting of two power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off with freewheeling diodes in parallel are provided. Both series circuits are again connected in parallel to the energy store, wherein, however, a first submodule connection terminal is connected to the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches of the first series circuit and a second submodule connection terminal is connected to the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches of the second series circuit.
- a full-bridge circuit not only the voltage dropping across the energy store or a zero voltage at the submodule connection terminals can be generated, but also the inverse energy storage voltage. Furthermore, the current flowing across the full bridge current can be interrupted in both directions.
- the submodules have varistors or arresters.
- the arresters or varistors for example, each connected in parallel to an energy store.
- ohmic resistors may also be installed in the submodule.
- the arresters absorb a power to be removed during switching, stored in the DC voltage network.
- both full-bridge and half-bridge circuits are formed in the turn-off current path.
- the Abschaltstrompfad may also have other deviating submodules.
- Such commutation means are, for example, series-arranged half-bridge circuits or else series-connected full-bridge circuits. The commutation means do not require varistors or arresters.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a first DC voltage switch 1, with the method of the invention can be performed.
- the DC voltage switch 1 has a first connection terminal 2 and a second connection terminal 3, between which an operating current path 4 extends.
- an inductance 5 for limiting a current flow In the operating current path 4, an inductance 5 for limiting a current flow, a mechanical switch 6, a comparatively fast mechanical switch 7 and an electronic commutation switch 8 are arranged.
- the electronic commutation switch 8 has a series connection of power semiconductor switches 10 which can be switched on and off. In this case, each freewheeling diode 11 is connected in parallel with each power semiconductor switch 10 in opposite directions.
- the DC voltage switch 1 further has a Abschaltstrompfad 9, which bridges the mechanical switch 7 and the electronic Kommut réellesschalter 8 and in which also switched on and off power semiconductor switch 10 are arranged.
- Each power semiconductor switch 10 which can be switched on and off is in turn connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode 11 in opposite directions.
- the two first power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off for example IGBTs, IGCTs or the like, have the same forward direction. This applies correspondingly to the associated freewheeling diodes 11.
- the subsequent power semiconductor switches 10, however, are oriented opposite thereto. Thus flows a current from the terminal 2 to the terminal 3, this can only be interrupted by the first two power semiconductor switches 10.
- the power semiconductor switches 10 are arranged antiserially. They form two groups, wherein the transmission directions of the power semiconductor switch a Group are the same orientation, the forward directions of the power semiconductor switch of a group, however, is opposite to the forward directions of the power semiconductor switch 10 of the other group aligned. In this way the switching of direct currents in both directions is possible.
- the Abschaltstrompfad 9 is modular and forms two-pole modules 13, which are connected in series. In FIG. 1 For reasons of clarity, only two modules 13 can be seen. However, their number depends on the height of the respective voltage.
- the zuzuhatonde network section is first connected to the terminal 3.
- the fast mechanical switch 7 is open and the previously made ready for use switched off and power semiconductor switches 10 are in their disconnected position. Subsequently, the switch 6 is closed.
- the switched on and off power semiconductor switch for example, by a pulse width modulation, the output side of the terminal 3 and thus provided in the connected DC voltage section voltage is slowly, for example, ramped up. If the DC voltage provided at the connection terminal 3 corresponds approximately to the DC voltage present on the input side of the connection terminal 2, the mechanical switch 7 is closed. Subsequently, the switched on and off power semiconductor switches are converted into their conductive state.
- the DC voltage switch 1 is now ready for operation.
- the DC voltage section is switched on. Of the DC voltage switch is arranged in series in one pole of a DC voltage network.
- FIG. 2 Another DC voltage switch 1 is in FIG. 2 shown.
- the in FIG. 2 shown DC voltage switch again has an operating current path 4 and a Abschaltstrompfad 9, wherein in the operating current path 4, a mechanical switch 7 is arranged, which is bridged by the Abschaltstrompfad 9.
- Abschaltstrompfad 9 a power switching unit 14 and commutation 15 are arranged in series.
- a charge branch 16 is provided, which has a mechanical switch 17 and an ohmic resistor 18 and connects the switch-off current path 9 with a ground potential when the switch 17 is closed.
- the power switching unit 14 and the commutation means 15 each have a series connection of two-pole submodules 19.
- the number of submodules 19 in the power switching unit 14 depends on the voltage to be switched.
- the number of submodules 19 in the commutation means determines the maximum countervoltage that can be generated.
- Examples of possible submodules 19 for the DC voltage switch according to FIG. 2 are in the FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 shown.
- a submodule 19 is a power semiconductor switch which can be switched on and off, to which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions.
- Each power semiconductor switch 10, an arrester 12 is connected in parallel.
- Submodules 19 according to FIG. 3 However, they are not considered for the commutation 15, since they can not generate a reverse voltage.
- submodules 19, each having an energy store 20 in the form of a capacitor are suitable for this purpose.
- the capacitor or energy storage 20 is in accordance with a submodule FIG.
- each submodule 19 can be bridged by a fast mechanical or electronic switch 24.
- a diode 25 between the terminals 22 and 23 serves to carry high short-circuit currents. If the submodule 19 is to be part of the power switching unit 14, it is expedient to connect the capacitor 20 to an arrestor in parallel. Such arrester 12 is not required for the submodules 19 of the commutation means 15. They serve only to generate a reverse voltage in the operating current path 4 and thus to generate a current zero crossing in the mechanical switch. 7
- Half bridges according to FIG. 4 can interrupt the flow of electricity in one direction only.
- a current flow from the in FIG. 4 shown second submodule connection terminal 23 to the first submodule connection terminal 22 would lead over the arranged between these terminals uncontrolled freewheeling diode 11. A control of the current is therefore not possible.
- FIG. 5 is a submodule 19 illustrates that represents a full bridge circuit.
- the capacitor 20 has two series circuits 21a and 21b connected in parallel.
- Each series circuit 21a, 21b has two switched on and off power semiconductor switch 10 with opposite freewheeling diode.
- Submodule connection terminals 22, 23 are each connected to a potential point between the power semiconductor switches 10.
- the terminal 3 of the DC voltage switch 1 is first connected to the zuzugateden DC voltage section.
- the switch 7 in the operating current path 4 is open.
- the DC voltage switch 1 is made ready for operation via the charge branch 16 by the switch 17 is closed and the Abschaltstrompfad 9 is thus connected via the resistor 18 to a ground potential.
- the capacitors 20 of the submodules 19 are charged. Also, the control electronics of the power semiconductor switch, which is fed from the voltage dropping to the turn-off power semiconductor switches 10, is now ready for operation.
- the switch 17 of the charging branch 16 can be opened and switched on with a suitable control of the power semiconductor switch 10 of the power switching unit 14, the connected to the terminal 3 DC power supply section, wherein the voltage is ramped up.
- the submodules 19 of the commutation means 15 are half-bridge circuits according to FIG FIG. 4 form. In the case of full bridge circuits, these must either be bridged or the submodules 19 have to be made ready for operation in order to then convert the power semiconductor switches 10 into their open position.
- the charging branch would be connected, for example, to the potential point between the commutation means 15 and the terminal 3. For this purpose, appropriate switches could be used. Notwithstanding this, a second charge branch is provided at this point.
- FIG. 6 shows a further DC voltage switch 1 for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the DC voltage switch 1 again has a first terminal 2 and a second terminal 3. Between the terminals 2 and 3, an operating current path 4 extends in which two mechanical switches 26 and 27 are arranged in series. Furthermore, a Abschaltstrompfad 9 can be seen, with which the mechanical switch 26 can be bridged.
- Abschaltstrompfad 9 is a power switching unit 14 is arranged, which consists of a series circuit of submodules 19 according to one of FIGS. 3, 4 or 5 consists.
- a third mechanical switch 29 is provided in Abschaltstrompfad 9. The potential point between the power switching unit 14 and the third mechanical switch 29 is connectable to the charging branch 16 and thus to earth potential.
- a fourth mechanical switch 28 the current path between the terminal 2 and the connected charging branch 16 can be interrupted, so that the current from the terminal 2 to earth can flow only through the power switching unit 14 and the optionally arranged there energy storage 20 loads.
- FIG. 7 shows one of FIG. 6 slightly different embodiment of a DC voltage switch 1, wherein the mechanical switches 28 and 29 are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the terminals 2 and 3 respectively.
- the fourth mechanical switch 28 is now in the operating current path 4, the same applies to the third switch 29.
- the diodes 30 and 31 prevent current flow from the terminals 2 or 3 directly to the connected charging branch 16, without the current flowing through the power switching unit 14. Thus, a charge of the energy storage of the power switching unit 14 by means of the charging branch 16 is possible.
- the inventive method will now be described by way of example with reference to FIGS. 8, 9 . 10 and 11 for a switch according to FIG. 6 clarified.
- the connection terminal 2 is connected to a DC voltage source, for example the positive pole of a DC voltage network, and the connection terminal 3 is connected to the DC voltage network section to be connected.
- the DC network to be connected is approximately at ground potential.
- the power switching unit 14 is made up of a series circuit of submodules according to FIG FIG. 5 - that is, from full bridges - exists.
- the mechanical switch 17, the charging part 16 and the mechanical switch 27 in the operating current path 4 are closed.
- FIG. 9 illustrates, wherein the current path of the charging current I is figuratively clarified.
- the switch 17 of the charge branch 16 is opened and the third mechanical switch 29 is closed so that a controlled connection of the DC voltage network section connected to the connection terminal 3 can take place.
- the power semiconductor switch 10 of the power switching unit 14 are selectively controlled, so that a slow startup of the voltage takes place. If the DC voltage dropping at the connection terminal 3 corresponds approximately to the voltage applied to the connection terminal 2, the first switch 26 in the operating current path 4 is closed. The current is thus passed through the operating current path 4.
- FIGS. 12 to 15 illustrate an embodiment of the method according to the invention by means of a DC voltage switch 1 according to FIG. 7 .
- the switches 17, 27 and 28 are closed to charge the energy storage 20 of the power semiconductor switch 14 and to operate the electronics of the switched on and off power semiconductor switch.
- FIG. 13 the charging current flow I for charging the energy storage 20 is illustrated.
- the switch 17 of the charge branch 16 is opened and the switch 29 is closed at the terminal 3.
- the switch position can now be a controlled charging of the connected to the terminal 3 DC power supply section.
- the switched on and off power semiconductor switch 10 of the power switching unit 14 are selectively and controlled controlled.
- charging of the energy store 20 is possible even in the normal operating state.
- the built-in diodes 30, 31 force the charging current via the power switching unit 14 to flow to the ground.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Zuschalten eines Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts mittels eines Gleichspannungsschalters.The invention relates to a method for connecting a DC voltage section by means of a DC voltage switch.
Der weltweit steigende Energiebedarf und die gleichzeitig gewünschte Verringerung des CO2-Ausstoßes machen so genannte erneuerbare Energien immer attraktiver. Quellen erneuerbarer Energien sind beispielsweise seeseitig aufgestellte Windkraftanlagen oder aber Photovoltaikkraftanlagen in sonnenreichen Wüstenbereichen. Um die so erzeugte Energie ökonomisch nutzen zu können, kommt der Anbindung der erneuerbaren Energiequellen an ein Landversorgungsnetz eine immer größere Bedeutung zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Errichtung und der Betrieb eines vermaschten Gleichspannungsnetzes immer stärker diskutiert. Voraussetzung hierfür ist jedoch, dass Kurzschlussströme, die in einem solchen vermaschten Gleichspannungsnetz auftreten können, schnell und zuverlässig abgeschaltet werden können. Hierzu sind jedoch Gleichspannungsschalter erforderlich, die bisher am Markt nicht verfügbar sind. Aus dem Stand der Technik sind unterschiedliche Konzepte für einen solchen Gleichspannungsschalter bekannt.The world's rising energy demand and the simultaneous desired reduction of CO 2 emissions make so-called renewable energy increasingly attractive. Sources of renewable energies are, for example, wind power plants set up at sea or photovoltaic power plants in sunny desert areas. In order to be able to use the energy generated in this way economically, the connection of renewable energy sources to a shore supply network is becoming increasingly important. Against this background, the construction and operation of a meshed DC voltage network is becoming increasingly discussed. The prerequisite for this, however, is that short-circuit currents which can occur in such a meshed DC voltage network can be switched off quickly and reliably. For this purpose, however, DC switches are required, which are currently not available on the market. Different concepts for such a DC voltage switch are known from the prior art.
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In der Veröffentlichung von
Wird einem fehlerbehafteten Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt mittels eines der vorbekannten Gleichspannungsschalter eine hohe Gleichspannung aufgeschaltet, kann es in Folge der dann auftretenden extrem hohen Einschaltströme zu unerwünschten Beschädigungen der Bauteile im fehlerhaften Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt kommen.If a faulty DC voltage section connected by means of one of the previously known DC voltage switch, a high DC voltage, it may result in unwanted damage to the components in the faulty DC voltage section due to the then occurring extremely high inrush currents.
Dokument
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, mit dem bereits während des Zuschaltens eines Netzabschnitts ein Fehler im Netzabschnitt, beispielsweise ein Kurzschluss, erkannt werden kann, so dass Gegenmaßnahmen frühzeitig eingeleitet werden können.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Zuschalten eines Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts mittels eines zwei Anschlussklemmen aufweisenden Gleichspannungsschalters, der einen Betriebsstrompfad mit einem mechanischen Schalter und einen den mechanischen Schalter überbrückenden Abschaltstrompfad aufweist, in dem wenigstens ein ein- und abschaltbarer Leistungshalbleiterschalter angeordnet ist, wobei der Abschaltstrompfad einen größeren elektrischen Widerstand aufweist als der von ihm überbrückte Abschnitt des Betriebsstrompfades, bei dem der mechanische Schalter geöffnet und ein Stromfluss in dem Abschaltstrompfad durch geeignete Ansteuerung des oder der Leistungshalbleiterschalter blockiert wird, anschließend die erste Anschlussklemme mit einem Pol einer Gleichspannungsquelle und die zweite Anschlussklemme mit einem Pol des Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts verbunden werden, schließlich der Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt durch Ansteuerung der Leistungshalbleiterschalter kontrolliert mit Spannung beaufschlagt wird und der mechanische Schalter anschließend geschlossen wird.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt mit Hilfe eines Gleichspannungsschalters kontrolliert zugeschaltet, der einen Abschaltstrompfad mit ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschaltern aufweist, wohingegen im Betriebsstrompfad ein mechanischer Schalter angeordnet ist.
The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method with which an error in the network section, for example a short circuit, can already be detected during the connection of a network section so that countermeasures can be initiated at an early stage.
The invention solves this problem by a method for connecting a DC voltage section by means of a two-terminal DC switch having an operating current path with a mechanical switch and a mechanical switch bridging Abschaltstrompfad, in which at least one switchable on and off power semiconductor switch is arranged, the Abschaltstrompfad has a greater electrical resistance than the bridged section of the operating current path, wherein the mechanical switch is opened and a current flow in the Abschaltstrompfad is blocked by suitable control of the power semiconductor switch or, then the first terminal with a pole of a DC voltage source and the second terminal with a pole of the DC power supply section, finally the DC power supply section by driving the power semiconductor switch controlled voltage is applied and the mechanical switch is then closed.
According to the invention, the DC voltage section is switched on in a controlled manner with the aid of a DC voltage switch, which has a shutdown current path with power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off, whereas a mechanical switch is arranged in the operating current path.
Diese als solche bekannte Ausgestaltung des Gleichspannungsschalters ermöglicht, den mechanischen Schalter vor dem Zuschalten des Netzabschnitts in seine Trennstellung zu überführen und ein hartes Zuschalten, also ein Zuschalten durch Schließen des mechanischen Schalters, zu vermeiden. Erfindungsgemäß wird der Strom beim Zuschalten über den Abschaltstrompfad und somit über die ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschalter geführt. Diese können nun so angesteuert werden, dass der Strom oder die Spannung allmählich, beispielsweise rampenförmig, erhöht wird. Stellt ein im zuzuschaltenden Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt angeordnetes Schutzgerät das Vorliegen eines Kurzschlussstromes fest, kann das Zuschalten des Netzabschnitts frühzeitig unterbrochen werden, so dass Schäden beim Zuschalten, beispielsweise im Gleichspannungsschalter oder im zuzuschaltenden Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt selbst, vermieden werden können. Hierzu kommuniziert das Schutzgerät zweckmäßigerweise direkt oder indirekt mit einer Steuerungs- oder Regelungseinheit des Gleichspannungsschalters.This known as such embodiment of the DC voltage switch allows to transfer the mechanical switch before switching the network section in its disconnected position and to avoid a hard switching, so a connection by closing the mechanical switch. According to the invention, the current during connection via the Abschaltstrompfad and thus out on the switched on and off power semiconductor switch. These can now be controlled so that the current or voltage is gradually increased, for example, ramp-shaped. If a protective device arranged in the DC power supply section to be connected detects the presence of a short-circuit current, the switching on of the network section can be interrupted early so that damage during connection, for example in the DC voltage switch or in the direct current network section itself, can be avoided. For this purpose, the protective device communicates expediently directly or indirectly with a control or regulation unit of the DC voltage switch.
Die Ausgestaltung des mechanischen Schalters ist im Rahmen der Erfindung grundsätzlich beliebig. Wichtig ist jedoch, dass der mechanische Schalter die erforderliche Spannung aufnehmen kann. Darüber hinaus sollte der mechanische Schalter möglichst schnell, als beispielsweise innerhalb eines Zeitfensters von 5 ms ab der Fehlermeldung, öffnen können. Der Gleichspannungsschalter wird erfindungsgemäß in Reihe in einen Pol des Gleichspannungsnetzes geschaltet, wobei eine erste Anschlussklemme des Gleichspannungsschalters mit einem Pol der Gleichspannungsquelle verbunden ist und die andere Anschlussklemme des Gleichspannungsschalters mit einem Pol des Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts. Bei Normalbetrieb des Gleichspannungsschalters weisen seine Anschlussklemmen in etwa das gleiche Potenzial auf. Die bei einem Erdkurzschluss im Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt an dem mechanischen Schalter abfallende Spannung entspricht daher der Spannung eines Pols gegenüber dem Erdpotenzial.The design of the mechanical switch is fundamentally arbitrary within the scope of the invention. However, it is important that the mechanical switch can absorb the required voltage. In addition, the mechanical switch should be able to open as quickly as possible, for example within a time window of 5 ms from the error message. The DC voltage switch according to the invention is connected in series in one pole of the DC voltage network, wherein a first terminal of the DC voltage switch is connected to one pole of the DC voltage source and the other terminal of the DC voltage switch with a pole of the DC power supply section. During normal operation of the DC switch, its terminals have approximately the same potential. The voltage dropping across the mechanical switch in the event of an earth fault in the DC voltage section therefore corresponds to the voltage of one pole with respect to the earth potential.
Die Ausgestaltung des Abschaltstrompfades, insbesondere der Verschaltung und Anordnung der Leistungshalbleiterschalter, ist im Rahmen der Erfindung grundsätzlich beliebig. So können die Leistungshalbleiterschalter beispielsweise eine Reihenschaltung aus ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschaltern ausbilden, wobei jedem Leistungshalbleiterschalter eine gegensinnige Freilaufdiode parallel geschaltet ist. Hierbei ist es zweckmäßig jedem Leistungshalbleiterschalter einen Ableiter zur Energieaufnahmen parallel zu schalten. Die Leistungshalbleiterschalter können antiseriell angeordnet sein, wobei die Durchlassrichtung einiger Leistungshalbleiterschalter zu derjenigen von anderen der in Reihe angeordneten Leistungshalbleiterschalter entgegengesetzt ist. Auf diese Weise sind zwei Gruppen von Leistungshalbleiterschaltern ausgebildet, wobei die eine Gruppe für das Abschalten des Stromes in der einen Richtung und die andere Gruppe für das Abschalten des Stromes in der entgegengesetzten Richtung zuständig ist. Eine solche antiserielle Anordnung ist beispielsweise in der eingangs genannten Veröffentlichung von Heffner und Jacobssen beschrieben.The configuration of the Abschaltstrompfades, in particular the interconnection and arrangement of the power semiconductor switches, in the invention is basically arbitrary. For example, the power semiconductor switches can form a series connection of power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off, with each power semiconductor switch having an opposite freewheeling diode connected in parallel with it. In this case, it is expedient for each power semiconductor switch to connect an arrester for power consumption in parallel. The power semiconductor switches may be arranged antiseries, with the on-state of some power semiconductor switches being opposite to that of other of the series-connected power semiconductor switches. In this way two groups of power semiconductor switches are formed, one group responsible for switching off the current in one direction and the other group for switching off the current in the opposite direction. Such antiserial arrangement is described for example in the publication by Heffner and Jacobssen mentioned above.
Abweichend hiervon kann jedoch der Abschaltstrompfad auch Submodule mit Energiespeichern, wie beispielsweise Kondensatoren, aufweisen. Auf diese Ausgestaltung des Abschaltstrompfads wird später noch genauer eingegangen.Deviating from this, however, the Abschaltstrompfad also submodules with energy storage, such as capacitors, have. On this configuration of the Abschaltstrompfads will be discussed in more detail later.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Abschaltstrompfad nach dem Anschluss der Gleichspannungsquelle und vor dem kontrollierten Zuschalten des Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts mittels eines Ladezweigs, der zweckmäßigerweise einen ohmschen Widerstand aufweist, mit dem Erdpotenzial verbunden. Gemäß dieser vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung fließt dann ein Strom über die abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschaltern des Abschaltstrompfads gegen Erde ab, der von der Auslegung des ohmschen Widerstands bestimmt ist. Darüber hinaus wird an den Leistungshalbleiterschaltern ein Spannungsabfall erzeugt. Dieser Spannungsabfall ermöglicht beispielsweise eine Energieversorgung der Elektronik der Leistungshalbleiterschalter.Conveniently, the Abschaltstrompfad after connecting the DC voltage source and before the controlled connection of the DC power supply section by means of a charging branch, which advantageously has an ohmic resistance, connected to the ground potential. According to this advantageous further development of the invention, a current flows via the turn-off power semiconductor switches of the Abschaltstrompfads to earth, which is determined by the design of the ohmic resistance. In addition, a voltage drop is generated at the power semiconductor switches. This voltage drop allows, for example, a power supply to the electronics of the power semiconductor switches.
Sind in dem Abschaltstrompfad darüber hinaus Submodule mit eigenen separaten Energiespeichern, wie Kondensatoren und dergleichen vorgesehen, können diese Kondensatoren vor Inbetriebnahme des Gleichspannungsschalters und vor dem kontrollierten Zuschalten des Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts zunächst aufgeladen werden. Der Ladestrom fließt über den besagten Ladezweig zur Erde hinab. Vorteilhafterweise ist der Ladezweig über einen Schalter mit dem Abschaltstrompfad verbindbar. Der Schalter ist beispielsweise ein elektronischer Schalter. Bevorzugt werden jedoch kostengünstige mechanische Schalter verwendet, deren Einsatz jedoch erst aufgrund des ohmschen Widerstands möglich ist.If submodules with their own separate energy stores, such as capacitors and the like, are also provided in the turn-off current path, these capacitors can first be charged before the DC voltage switch is put into operation and before the switched-on DC power grid section is switched on. The charging current flows down the said charge branch to earth. Advantageously, the charging branch is connectable via a switch with the Abschaltstrompfad. The switch is for example an electronic switch. However, cost-effective mechanical switches are preferably used, but their use is only possible due to the ohmic resistance.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird vor dem kontrollierten Zuschalten des Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts der Abschaltstrompfad mittels eines Ladezweigs, der zweckmäßigerweise einen ohmschen Widerstand aufweist, mit einem Gegenpol der Gleichspannungsquelle verbunden. Gemäß dieser vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung wird der Abschaltstrompfad nicht wie in den vorherigen Ausführungsbeispielen mit dem Erdpotenzial verbunden, sondern mit dem Gegenpol der Gleichspannungsquelle. Unter dem Begriff "Gegenpol der Gleichspannungsquelle" ist der Pol des Gleichspannungsnetzes zu verstehen, der entgegengesetzt zu dem Pol polarisiert ist, mit dem die Anschlussklemme des Gleichspannungsschalters verbunden ist. Ist beispielsweise der Gleichspannungsschalter seriell in den positiven Pol eines zweipoligen Gleichspannungsnetzes seriell geschaltet, wird der Abschaltstrompfad gemäß dieser zweckmäßigen Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung mit dem negativen Pol verbunden. Diese Verbindung erfolgt beispielsweise mittels eines mechanischen Schalters. Ist die Anschlussklemme mit positiven Pol und der Abschaltstrompfad über den Ladezweig mit dem negativen Pol verbunden, fällt an den abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschaltern eine Spannung ab, die einen Ladestrom treibt. Sind Energiespeicher im Abschaltstrompfad angeordnet, können diese geladen werden. Wesentlich ist, dass vor dem Zuschalten des Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts der Abschaltstrompfad betriebsfähig in dem Sinne ist, dass der Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt kontrolliert über die funktionstüchtigen Leistungshalbleiterschalter mit gegebenenfalls geladenen Energiespeichern oder Kondensatoren zugeschaltet werden kann.Conveniently, before the controlled connection of the DC voltage section of the Abschaltstrompfad means of a charging branch, which advantageously has an ohmic resistance, connected to a Gegenpol the DC voltage source. According to this advantageous development of the Abschaltstrompfad is not connected as in the previous embodiments with the ground potential, but with the opposite pole of the DC voltage source. The term "opposite pole of the DC voltage source" is to be understood as the pole of the DC network that is polarized opposite to the pole to which the terminal of the DC voltage switch is connected. If, for example, the DC voltage switch is serially connected in series in the positive pole of a two-pole DC voltage network, the switch-off current path is connected to the negative pole according to this expedient further development of the invention. This connection takes place for example by means of a mechanical switch. If the terminal with positive pole and the Abschaltstrompfad connected via the charging branch to the negative pole, falls on the turn-off power semiconductor switches from a voltage that drives a charging current. If energy stores are arranged in the shutdown current path, they can be loaded. It is essential that before the connection of the DC voltage section of the Abschaltstrompfad is operable in the sense that the DC voltage section controlled by the functional power semiconductor switch can be switched with optionally charged energy storage or capacitors.
Gemäß einer hier bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist in dem Abschaltstrompfad eine Reihenschaltung aus zweipoligen Submodulen angeordnet, die jeweils einen Energiespeicher und eine Leistungshalbleiterschaltung parallel zum Energiespeicher aufweisen, die so mit den beiden einzigen Submodulanschlussklemmen des Submoduls verschaltet ist, dass bei entsprechender Ansteuerung der Leistungshalbleiterschalter der Leistungshalbleiterschaltung entweder die an dem Energiespeicher abfallende Spannung oder aber eine Nullspannung an den Submodulanschlussklemmen erzeugbar ist. Eine solche modulare Ausgestaltung des Abschaltstrompfads ist aus der Umrichtertechnik bereits bekannt. Umrichter mit einer solchen Topologie werden als "modulare Multilevel-Umrichter" (MMC) bezeichnet. Aufgrund der Reihenschaltung der Submodule ist es möglich, in dem Abschaltstrompfad stufenweise eine Spannung zu erzeugen, wobei die Höhe der Stufen durch die an dem Energiespeicher abfallende Spannung bestimmt wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a series arrangement of two-pole submodules is arranged in the Abschaltstrompfad, each having an energy storage and a power semiconductor circuit parallel to the energy storage, which is connected to the two submodule connection terminals of the submodule, that with appropriate control of the power semiconductor switch of the power semiconductor circuit either the voltage dropping across the energy store or a zero voltage at the submodule connection terminals can be generated. Such a modular design of the Abschaltstrompfads is already known from the inverter technology. Inverters with such a topology are referred to as "modular multilevel inverters" (MMC). Due to the series connection of the submodules, it is possible to generate in the Abschaltstrompfad stepwise a voltage, wherein the height of the stages is determined by the voltage drop across the energy storage.
Die Submodule können als Halbbrückenschaltung oder aber als Vollbrückenschaltung ausgebildet sein. Bei einer Halbbrückenschaltung ist dem jeweiligen Energiespeicher des Submoduls eine Reihenschaltung aus zwei ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschaltern mit jeweils gegensinnig parallelen Freilaufdioden parallel geschaltet, wobei eine erste Submodulanschlussklemme mit dem Potenzialpunkt zwischen den Leistungshalbleiterschaltern und eine zweite Submodulanschlussklemme mit einem Pol des Energiespeichers verbunden ist. Der Energiespeicher ist zweckmäßigerweise ein Kondensator. Statt Parallelschaltung von Leistungshalbleiterschaltern und Freilaufdioden können auch rückwärts leitende Leistungshalbleiterschalter eingesetzt werden. Auch ist es möglich, statt der zwei einzelnen Leistungshalbleiterschaltern zwei Reihenschaltungen von Leistungshalbleiterschalter in der Reihenschaltung einzusetzen. Die Leistungshalbleiter einer Reihenschaltung werden dann synchron angesteuert. Eine Reihenschaltung von gleichzeitig oder synchron angesteuerten Leistungshalbleiterschaltern wirkt dann wie ein einzelner Leistungshalbleiterschalter. Selbstverständlich können dann größere Spannungen geschaltet werden. Dies gilt grundsätzlich auch für die im Folgenden beschriebene Vollbrückenschaltung.The submodules can be designed as a half-bridge circuit or else as a full-bridge circuit. In a half-bridge circuit, the respective energy store of the submodule is connected in series with two switched on and off power semiconductor switches each with parallel opposing freewheeling diodes, wherein a first submodule connection terminal is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductor switches and a second submodule connection terminal to a pole of the energy store. The energy store is expediently a capacitor. Instead of parallel connection of power semiconductor switches and free-wheeling diodes, reverse-conducting power semiconductor switches can also be used. It is also possible to use two series circuits of power semiconductor switches in the series circuit instead of the two individual power semiconductor switches. The power semiconductors of a series circuit are then controlled synchronously. A series circuit of simultaneously or synchronously controlled power semiconductor switches then acts as a single power semiconductor switch. Of course, then larger voltages can be switched. This also applies in principle to the full bridge circuit described below.
Bei der Vollbrückenschaltung sind zwei Reihenschaltungen aus jeweils zwei ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschaltern mit gegensinnig parallelen Freilaufdioden vorgesehen. Beide Reihenschaltungen sind wieder dem Energiespeicher parallel geschaltet, wobei jedoch eine erste Submodulanschlussklemme mit dem Potenzialpunkt zwischen den beiden Leistungshalbleiterschaltern der ersten Reihenschaltung und eine zweite Submodulanschlussklemme mit dem Potenzialpunkt zwischen den beiden Leistungshalbleiterschaltern der zweiten Reihenschaltung verbunden ist. Bei einer Vollbrückenschaltung kann nicht nur die an dem Energiespeicher abfallende Spannung oder eine Nullspannung an den Submodulanschlussklemmen erzeugt werden, sondern auch die inverse Energiespeicherspannung. Ferner kann der über die Vollbrücke fließende Strom in beiden Richtungen unterbrochen werden.In the case of the full-bridge circuit, two series circuits each consisting of two power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off with freewheeling diodes in parallel are provided. Both series circuits are again connected in parallel to the energy store, wherein, however, a first submodule connection terminal is connected to the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches of the first series circuit and a second submodule connection terminal is connected to the potential point between the two power semiconductor switches of the second series circuit. In a full-bridge circuit, not only the voltage dropping across the energy store or a zero voltage at the submodule connection terminals can be generated, but also the inverse energy storage voltage. Furthermore, the current flowing across the full bridge current can be interrupted in both directions.
Sowohl bei der Halbbrückenschaltung als auch bei der Vollbrückenschaltung ist es wesentlich, dass die Submodule Varistoren oder Ableiter aufweisen. Die Ableiter oder Varistoren sind beispielsweise jeweils einem Energiespeicher parallel geschaltet. Darüber hinaus können jedoch auch ohmsche Widerstände in dem Submodul verbaut sein. Die Ableiter nehmen eine beim Schalten abzubauende, im Gleichspannungsnetz gespeicherte Energie auf.Both in the half-bridge circuit and in the full-bridge circuit, it is essential that the submodules have varistors or arresters. The arresters or varistors, for example, each connected in parallel to an energy store. In addition, however, ohmic resistors may also be installed in the submodule. The arresters absorb a power to be removed during switching, stored in the DC voltage network.
Auch ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, dass im Abschaltstrompfad sowohl Vollbrücken- als auch Halbbrückenschaltungen ausgebildet sind. Darüber hinaus kann der Abschaltstrompfad auch weitere abweichend aufgebauten Submodule aufweisen. In dem Abschaltpfad können auch Kommutierungsmittel vorgesehen sein, die dazu dienen, in dem Betriebsstrompfad eine Gegenspannung zu induzieren oder einzuprägen. Solche Kommutierungsmittel sind beispielsweise seriell angeordnete Halbbrückenschaltungen oder aber seriell angeordnete Vollbrückenschaltungen. Die Kommutierungsmittel benötigen keine Varistoren oder Ableiter.It is also possible within the scope of the invention that both full-bridge and half-bridge circuits are formed in the turn-off current path. In addition, the Abschaltstrompfad may also have other deviating submodules. In the Abschaltpfad and commutation can be provided, which serve in the operating current path to induce or impress a counter tension. Such commutation means are, for example, series-arranged half-bridge circuits or else series-connected full-bridge circuits. The commutation means do not require varistors or arresters.
Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Figuren der Zeichnung, wobei gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleich wirkende Bauteile verweisen und wobei
Figur 1- einen möglichen Gleichspannungsschalter zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
Figur 2- einen weiteren beispielhaften Gleichspannungsschalter zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
3, 4 und 5Figuren - mögliche Ausgestaltungen der Submodule für den
Gleichspannungsschalter gemäß Figur 2 , Figur 6- einen weiteren beispielhaften Gleichspannungsschalter zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
Figur 7- eine Abwandlung des Gleichspannungsschalters gemäß
Figur 6 , - Figuren 8
bis 11 - ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens durchgeführt mit einem Gleichspannungsschalter gemäß
Figur 6 und Figuren 12bis 15- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigen, das mit einem Gleichspannungsschalter gemäß
Figur 7 durchgeführt wurde.
- FIG. 1
- a possible DC voltage switch for carrying out the method according to the invention,
- FIG. 2
- a further exemplary DC voltage switch for carrying out the method according to the invention,
- FIGS. 3, 4 and 5
- possible embodiments of the submodules for the DC voltage switch according to
FIG. 2 . - FIG. 6
- a further exemplary DC voltage switch for carrying out the method according to the invention,
- FIG. 7
- a modification of the DC switch according to
FIG. 6 . - FIGS. 8 to 11
- an embodiment of the method according to the invention carried out with a DC voltage switch according to
FIG. 6 and - FIGS. 12 to 15
- show a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, with a DC switch according to
FIG. 7 was carried out.
Der Gleichspannungsschalter 1 verfügt ferner über einen Abschaltstrompfad 9, der den mechanischen Schalter 7 und den elektronischen Kommutierungsschalter 8 überbrückt und in dem ebenfalls ein- und abschaltbare Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 angeordnet sind. Jedem ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 ist wieder eine Freilaufdiode 11 gegensinnig parallel geschaltet. Es ist erkennbar, dass die beiden ersten ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschalter, beispielsweise IGBTs, IGCTs oder dergleichen, die gleiche Durchlassrichtung aufweisen. Dies gilt entsprechend für die zugehörigen Freilaufdioden 11. Die daraufhin folgenden Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 sind jedoch entgegengesetzt hierzu orientiert. Fließt somit ein Strom von der Anschlussklemme 2 zur Anschlussklemme 3, kann dieser nur von den ersten beiden Leistungshalbleiterschaltern 10 unterbrochen werden. Ein gegensinniger Strom, der also von der Anschlussklemme 3 zur Anschlussklemme 2 fließt, kann jedoch nur von den dritten und vierten Leistungshalbleiterschaltern 10 unterbrochen werden. Mit anderen Worten sind die Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 antiseriell angeordnet. Sie bilden zwei Gruppen aus, wobei die Durchlassrichtungen der Leistungshalbleiterschalter einer Gruppe gleich orientiert sind, die Durchlassrichtungen der Leistungshalbleiterschalter einer Gruppe ist jedoch zu den Durchlassrichtungen der Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 der anderen Gruppe entgegengesetzt ausgerichtet. Auf diese Art und Weise ist die Schaltung von Gleichströmen in beiden Richtungen möglich.The
Um beim Abschalten des Stromes durch die Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 die in dem Gleichspannungsnetz gespeicherte Energie aufnehmen zu können, ist den Leistungshalbleiterschaltern 10 ein Ableiter 12 parallel geschaltet. In dem in
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird zunächst der zuzuschaltende Netzabschnitt mit der Anschlussklemme 3 verbunden. Hierbei ist der schnelle mechanische Schalter 7 geöffnet und die zuvor betriebsbereit gemachten ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 befinden sich in ihrer Trennstellung. Anschließend wird der Schalter 6 geschlossen. Durch zweckmäßige Ansteuerung der ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschalter, beispielsweise durch eine Pulsweitenmodulation, wird die ausgangsseitig an der Anschlussklemme 3 und somit im angeschlossenen Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt bereitgestellte Spannung langsam, beispielsweise rampenförmig, hochgefahren. Entspricht die an der Anschlussklemme 3 bereitgestellte Gleichspannung in etwa der eingangsseitig an der Anschlussklemme 2 vorliegenden Gleichspannung, wird der mechanische Schalter 7 geschlossen. Anschließend werden die ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschalter in ihren leitenden Zustand überführt. Der Gleichspannungsschalter 1 ist nunmehr betriebsbereit. Der Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt ist zugeschaltet. Der Gleichspannungsschalter ist in Reihe in einem Pol eines Gleichspannungsnetzes angeordnet.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention the zuzuschaltende network section is first connected to the
Ein weiterer Gleichspannungsschalter 1 ist in
Die Leistungsschalteinheit 14 sowie die Kommutierungsmittel 15 weisen jeweils eine Reihenschaltung aus zweipoligen Submodulen 19 auf. Die Anzahl der Submodule 19 in der Leistungsschalteinheit 14 ist von der zu schaltenden Spannung abhängig. Die Anzahl der Submodule 19 in den Kommutierungsmitteln bestimmt die maximal erzeugbare Gegenspannung.The
Beispiele möglicher Submodule 19 für den Gleichspannungsschalter gemäß
Halbbrücken gemäß
Eine Beeinflussung beider Stromrichtungen kann jedoch mit einer Vollbrückenschaltungen gemäß
Zum Zuschalten des Gleichspannungsnetzes 1 wird die Anschlussklemme 3 des Gleichspannungsschalters 1 zunächst mit dem zuzuschaltenden Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt verbunden. Der Schalter 7 im Betriebsstrompfad 4 ist geöffnet. Anschließend wird der Gleichspannungsschalter 1 über den Ladezweig 16 betriebsbereit gemacht, indem der Schalter 17 geschlossen und der Abschaltstrompfad 9 somit über den ohmschen Widerstand 18 mit einem Erdpotenzial verbunden wird. Im Falle von Submodulen 19 gemäß
Ist die Leistungsschalteinheit 14 betriebsbereit, kann der Schalter 17 des Ladezweigs 16 geöffnet und mit einer zweckmäßigen Ansteuerung der Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 der Leistungsschalteinheit 14, der mit der Anschlussklemme 3 verbundene Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitt kontrolliert zugeschaltet werden, wobei die Spannung rampenförmig hochgefahren wird. Dies ist jedoch nur ohne Weiteres möglich, wenn die Submodule 19 der Kommutierungsmittel 15 Halbbrückenschaltungen gemäß
Zur Strombegrenzung sind wieder zwei Induktivitäten 5 in Gestalt von Spulen oder dergleichen vorgesehen. In dem Abschaltstrompfad 9 können nun wiederum auch figürlich nicht dargestellte Kommutierungsmittel angeordnet sein, die für den späteren Betrieb des Gleichspannungsschalters 1 wesentlich sind.To limit the current again two
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sei nun beispielhaft anhand der
Das Aufladen der Kondensatoren 20 ist in
Sind Kondensatoren 20 geladen und ist die Elektronik betriebsbereit, wird der Schalter 17 des Ladezweigs 16 geöffnet und der dritte mechanische Schalter 29 geschlossen, so dass ein kontrolliertes Zuschalten des an der Anschlussklemme 3 angeschlossenen Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts erfolgen kann. Hierbei werden die Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 der Leistungsschalteinheit 14 gezielt angesteuert, so dass ein langsames Hochfahren der Spannung erfolgt. Entspricht die an der Anschlussklemme 3 abfallende Gleichspannung in etwa der an der Anschlussklemme 2 anliegenden Spannung, wird der erste Schalter 26 im Betriebsstrompfad 4 geschlossen. Der Strom wird somit über den Betriebsstrompfad 4 geführt.If
Anschließend wird der Schalter 17 des Ladezweigs 16 geöffnet und der Schalter 29 an der Anschlussklemme 3 geschlossen. In dieser Schalterstellung kann nunmehr ein kontrolliertes Aufladen des an die Anschlussklemme 3 angeschlossenen Gleichspannungsnetzabschnitts erfolgen. Hierzu werden die ein- und abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschalter 10 der Leistungsschalteinheit 14 gezielt und kontrolliert angesteuert. Durch Schließen des Schalters 17 ist auch bei Normalbetriebszustand ein Laden der Energiespeicher 20 ermöglicht. Die eingebauten Dioden 30, 31 zwingen den Ladestrom über die Leistungsschalteinheit 14 zur Erde hin abzufließen.Subsequently, the
Claims (8)
- Method for connecting a DC voltage power supply system section by means of a DC voltage switch (1), having two connection terminals (2, 3), that has an operating current path (4), having a mechanical switch (7), and a disconnection current path (9), bypassing the mechanical switch (7), in which power semiconductor switches (10) that can be switched on and off are arranged, wherein the disconnection current path (9) has a greater electrical resistance than the section of the operating current path (9) that is bypassed by it,
characterized in that- the mechanical switch (7) is opened and a flow of current via the disconnection current path (9) is blocked,- the first connection terminal (2) is then connected to a pole of a DC voltage source and the second connection terminal (3) is connected to a pole of the DC voltage power supply system section,- finally, the DC voltage power supply system section undergoes controlled application of a voltage by virtue of actuation of the power semiconductor switches (10), and- the mechanical switch (7) is then closed. - Method according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
the disconnection current path (9) is connected to earth potential, following the connection of a pole of the DC voltage source and prior to the controlled connection of the DC voltage power supply system section, by means of a charging branch (16) that has a nonreactive resistance (18). - Method according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
prior to the controlled connection of the DC voltage power supply system section, the disconnection current path (9) is connected to an opposite pole of a DC voltage source by means of a charging branch (16) that has a nonreactive resistance (18) . - Method according to Claim 3,
characterized in that
the disconnection current path (9) is connected, prior to the connection of the first connection terminal (2) to a pole of the DC voltage source, to the opposite pole of the DC voltage source. - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the disconnection current path (9) contains a series circuit comprising two-pole submodules (19) that each have an energy store (20) and a power semiconductor circuit (21) in parallel with the energy store (20), which power semiconductor circuit is connected up to submodule connection terminals (22, 23) of the submodule (19) such that appropriate actuation of the power semiconductor switches (10) of the power semiconductor circuit (21) prompts either the voltage drop across the energy store (20) or else a zero voltage to be able to be produced on the submodule connection terminals (22, 23). - Method according to Claim 5,
characterized in that
at least some of the submodules (9) form a half-bridge circuit, wherein the respective energy store (20) has a series circuit (21), comprising two power semiconductor switches (10) that can be switched on and off, with parallel freewheeling diodes (11) in the opposite sense, connected in parallel with it, wherein a first submodule connection terminal (22) is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductor switches (10) and the second submodule connection terminal (23) is connected to a pole of the energy store (20). - Method according to Claim 5 or 6,
characterized in that
at least some of the submodules (19) form a full-bridge circuit, wherein the respective energy store (20) has two series circuits (21a, 21b), each comprising two power semiconductor switches (10) that can be switched on and off, with parallel freewheeling diodes (11) in the opposite sense, connected in parallel with it and the first submodule connection terminal (22) is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductor switches (10) of the first series circuit (21a) and the second submodule connection terminal (23) is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductor switches (10) of the second series circuit (21b) . - Method according to one of Claims 5 to 7,
characterized in that
the submodules (19) have varistors or arrestors (12) connected in parallel with them.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/054125 WO2013131580A1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2012-03-09 | Method for connecting a dc voltage network section by means of a dc voltage switch |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2810289A1 EP2810289A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2810289B1 true EP2810289B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
Family
ID=45841472
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12709061.1A Active EP2810289B1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2012-03-09 | Method for connecting a direct current network section by means of dc current switch |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2810289B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104160464B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2585818T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2810289T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013131580A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015110142A1 (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2015-07-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for switching a direct current |
JP6392154B2 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2018-09-19 | 株式会社東芝 | DC current interrupting device and control method thereof |
KR101794945B1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-12-01 | 주식회사 효성 | DC Circuit Breaker |
EP3279024A1 (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-02-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Drive system for a rail vehicle |
EP3367567A1 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-08-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switching device for separating a current path |
EP3379672A1 (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Efficient pre-charging of sections of a dc network |
EP3410601A1 (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-05 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Switching apparatus |
DE102018108138A1 (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-10 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Low-voltage protection device |
DE102018215881B3 (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-02-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for coupling two direct current networks |
EP3694105A1 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switching device for separating a current path |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE514827C2 (en) | 1993-12-09 | 2001-04-30 | Abb Ab | DC switch for high power |
SE510597C2 (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1999-06-07 | Asea Brown Boveri | Electric power transmission system |
KR100434153B1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2004-06-04 | 엘지산전 주식회사 | Hybrid dc electromagnetic contactor |
DE102008057874A1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-20 | Adensis Gmbh | Switch circuit for a photo-voltaic assembly, at a current circuit, has a mechanical switch and a second electronic switch |
DE202009004198U1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-08-12 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Isolation switch for galvanic DC interruption |
CN102687221B (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2015-11-25 | Abb技术有限公司 | The apparatus and method of the current interruption of transmission line or distribution line and current limliting are arranged |
WO2011141055A1 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Abb Technology Ag | A high voltage dc breaker apparatus |
-
2012
- 2012-03-09 WO PCT/EP2012/054125 patent/WO2013131580A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-09 CN CN201280071253.7A patent/CN104160464B/en active Active
- 2012-03-09 EP EP12709061.1A patent/EP2810289B1/en active Active
- 2012-03-09 ES ES12709061.1T patent/ES2585818T3/en active Active
- 2012-03-09 PL PL12709061T patent/PL2810289T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN104160464A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
EP2810289A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
ES2585818T3 (en) | 2016-10-10 |
WO2013131580A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
PL2810289T3 (en) | 2017-04-28 |
CN104160464B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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