EP3065847A1 - Unit and method for purifying co2 by adsorption - Google Patents

Unit and method for purifying co2 by adsorption

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Publication number
EP3065847A1
EP3065847A1 EP14806024.7A EP14806024A EP3065847A1 EP 3065847 A1 EP3065847 A1 EP 3065847A1 EP 14806024 A EP14806024 A EP 14806024A EP 3065847 A1 EP3065847 A1 EP 3065847A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
hydrogen
depleted
methane
carbon monoxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14806024.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick Le Bot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of EP3065847A1 publication Critical patent/EP3065847A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0252—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0261—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/108—Hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B01D2257/7022—Aliphatic hydrocarbons
    • B01D2257/7025—Methane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40007—Controlling pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40009—Controlling pressure or temperature swing adsorption using sensors or gas analysers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40011—Methods relating to the process cycle in pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40043—Purging
    • B01D2259/4005—Nature of purge gas
    • B01D2259/40052—Recycled product or process gas
    • B01D2259/40054—Recycled product or process gas treated before its reuse
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/40—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using hybrid system, i.e. combining cryogenic and non-cryogenic separation techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/80—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using membrane, i.e. including a permeation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/20—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of methane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a unit and a process for purifying CO2.
  • a CO2-rich gas contains at least 35 mol% of carbon dioxide, or even at least 65 mol% of carbon dioxide on a dry basis.
  • the gaseous mixture preferably contains at least 2000 ppm of hydrogen. It can also contain at least 2000 ppm of carbon monoxide and / or at least 2000 ppm of methane.
  • a CO2 purification unit processes a CO2-rich feed gas, purifies certain undesirable constituents for food application, and liquefies it by vaporizing a refrigerant, usually ammonia.
  • This waste gas is generally used as regeneration gas for an adsorption purification system (dryer) located upstream of the final distillation column.
  • the regeneration gas enriched in these constituents, enters the flammability range when brought into contact with the air, having served for the regeneration of the system. treatment.
  • the waste gas can not be recycled into the feed gas because the recycling does not evacuate the constituents and thus accumulates the flammable constituents.
  • this configuration penalizes the net production of the unit, by an amount equal to the flow rate necessary for the regeneration, namely of the order of 5 to 6%.
  • US-A-4952223 discloses a separation apparatus upstream of an adsorption unit and downstream of a distillation column to modify the composition of the regeneration gas.
  • the feed rate does not contain hydrogen and the regeneration flow rate is not sent to the air and / or is not depleted of hydrogen.
  • WO07 / 126972 also discloses a separation apparatus, which is a phase separator, upstream of an adsorption unit and downstream of a distillation column but the composition values given in Table 1 do not correspond to the figure, since the gas phase separator must deplete CO2 while the table shows the opposite. The teaching of this document is therefore not clear.
  • a unit for purifying CO2 from a gas rich in CO 2 containing at least 35 mol% of CO2, hydrogen and water and at least one or two of the following impurities: carbon monoxide and methane, comprising:
  • At least one purification system capable of operating with an adsorption step at a pressure substantially equal to P and with a regeneration at a pressure below P to purify the gas at the first pressure from the at least one compressor to produce a purified gas at least in water
  • a column system comprising at least one distillation column capable of operating at a pressure substantially equal to P of the purified gas to produce a CO2-enriched liquid which is depleted of hydrogen and optionally of carbon monoxide and / or methane, and gas enriched hydrogen and / optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide,
  • the unit comprises a first conduit for supplying the hydrogen enriched gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and carbon dioxide depleted from the column system to the separation apparatus, a second conduit connected to the separation apparatus for returning a gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane, the second pipe being connected to the purification system by the adsorption to send a regeneration gas constituted by at least one part of the hydrogen-depleted gas and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane alone either at least a part of the gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane mixed with another gas, and the purification system comprising means for sending to air the regeneration gas used for regeneration.
  • the separation apparatus is a permeation apparatus.
  • composition of the gas depleted of hydrogen and possibly CO generated by the separation apparatus is not included in the flammability range in air.
  • the column system is disposed within an insulated enclosure and the separation apparatus is outside any isolated enclosure.
  • the unit comprises means for heating the carbon dioxide depleted gas upstream of the separation apparatus.
  • the means for heating the gas allow a heat exchange between the gas and ammonia and / or the CO 2 -rich gas at the first pressure.
  • the unit comprises means for detecting the content of the gas enriched in hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide sent to the separation apparatus
  • the unit comprises a means for detecting the content of the gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally of carbon monoxide detection means previously described is connected to a means for closing the gas line depleted in hydrogen and possibly in carbon monoxide
  • distillation in a column system comprising at least one distillation column under pressure substantially equal to P purified gas to produce a liquid enriched in CO2 and depleted of hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane and a gas enriched with hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted of carbon dioxide iv) a separation step in a separating apparatus
  • the carbon dioxide depleted gas is fed from the column system to the separation apparatus, the separation apparatus produces a gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane, sends the hydrogen-depleted gas and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane, optionally mixed with another gas, to the adsorption purification system to serve as a regeneration gas, and the regeneration gas used for the regeneration is sent , in the air, at least punctually.
  • the hydrogen content of the regeneration gas at the inlet of the purification system being below a threshold corresponding to the flammability range in the air a portion of the regeneration gas used is a flow rate of gaseous carbon dioxide, which can be derived from the liquid produced from the column system.
  • the carbon dioxide flow rate is mixed with the hydrogen-depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane produced by the separation apparatus to produce the regeneration gas.
  • a threshold for example the limits of flammability in the air
  • the gas enriched in hydrogen and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted of carbon dioxide sent to the separation apparatus is flammable in the air
  • the gas enriched in hydrogen and possibly in carbon monoxide and / or in methane and depleted in carbon dioxide sent to the separation apparatus contains at least 5% of hydrogen, or even at least 10% of hydrogen
  • the gas depleted of hydrogen and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane from the separation apparatus is flammable in the air
  • the hydrogen-depleted gas line and possibly carbon monoxide are closed if the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-depleted gas is above a threshold
  • the other gas is opened if the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-depleted gas is above a threshold
  • a CO2 rich gas 1 containing at least 35% CO2, water, 10 OOOppm H2, 2000 ppm CO and 2000 ppm CH 4 must be separated to produce an enriched liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the gas is compressed to 20 bar in a compressor 3 to produce a compressed gas 3.
  • the compressed gas 3 is purified to 20 bar in a purification unit 5 which operates by adsorption.
  • the water purified gas 6 is cooled (not shown) and sent for distillation in a column system 7 comprising at least one distillation column.
  • the system produces a carbon dioxide-enriched, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane-depleted liquid containing at least 55% carbon dioxide, which is stored in a 1 1 storage and is sent as a product to a carrier. customer.
  • the column system 7 also produces a gas 24 enriched in hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane and depleted in carbon dioxide.
  • the gas 24 contains 15% hydrogen, 3% methane and 3% carbon monoxide.
  • the gas 24 contains at least 5% hydrogen, preferably at least 10% hydrogen.
  • the purpose of the proposed invention is to minimize the losses associated with flammable compounds in the following manner:
  • a separation apparatus 13 separating CO2 from H 2 , CO and methane, for example an HF membrane separates the waste gas 24. Under the effect of the pressure difference between the waste gas 24 (about 20 bar a) and the pressure part of the flammable compounds are permeated and the membrane provides:
  • the complement 12 of regeneration gas will be taken from the product storage 1 1.
  • the separating apparatus 13 which may be a permeation apparatus, will be able to treat the residual gas 24 at low temperature (at the outlet of the column system): the efficiency is low but the system is easy to implement and minimizes the implantation. transport of flammable gas.
  • the separating apparatus 13 and the column system 7 are inside a single insulated enclosure.
  • the column system 7 may be disposed within an isolated chamber while the separation apparatus 13 is outside any isolated enclosure.
  • the separation apparatus 13 which may be a permeation apparatus, may treat the residual gas 24 at room temperature or higher, after reheating against a refrigerant (NH3, gas 1 or 4, etc.).
  • a refrigerant NH3, gas 1 or 4, etc.
  • the effectiveness of the permeation is good.
  • the gas 20, 16 serves as a regeneration gas for the purification apparatus 5 and is then released to the atmosphere as gas 18.
  • the gas 22 is non-flammable. It will be appreciated that the essential is that the gas 16, 20 be non-flammable. It is therefore possible that the gas 22 is flammable and that mixing it with the gas 12 makes it non-flammable.
  • the content of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane is detected, either
  • gas enriched in hydrogen and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide 24 of the column system is either ii) gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane 22 produced by the separation apparatus.
  • the gas content (s) 22, 24 or one of these gases exceeds (s) the limits of the flammability in the air, in some cases, the gas depleted in hydrogen and possibly in monoxide is not used. of carbon and / or methane produced by the separation apparatus as a regeneration gas.
  • the gas 12 not mixed with the gas 22 can be used as a regeneration gas 16.
  • gaseous carbon dioxide is mixed. 12 with the gas depleted of hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane 22 produced by the separation apparatus 13 to serve as a regeneration gas 16.
  • Carbon dioxide in both cases, does not necessarily come from the storage 1 1 but can come from an external source. Similarly another gas can replace the gas 16.
  • the unit may comprise at least one means for detecting the content or contents of the gases 22 and / or 24 connected to a means for closing the gas line 22 and / or a means for opening the gas line 12.
  • Gas 6 feed gas after drying in the purification system contains: 98.5% CO 2, 1% (10,000 ppm) methane, 0.2% (2000 ppm) H2, 0.2% (2000 ppm) CO, and 0.1% inert (N2 + 02)
  • Gas 24 contains 78% CO2, 15% H2, 3% CO, 3% CH4, and 1% inert (N2 + O2)
  • the gas 22 contains 93% CO 3, 5% H2 and 1.5% CH 4

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Abstract

The invention relates to a gas depleted of carbon dioxide (24) produced by distillation, which is separated such as to produce a gas depleted of hydrogen (22), the gas depleted of hydrogen being used as a regeneration gas of a system for purification by adsorption upstream from the distillation, the composition of the regeneration gas (16) at the intake of the purification system not being in the range of flammability in air.

Description

UNITE ET PROCEDE DE PURIFICATION DE C02 PAR ADSORPTION  UNIT AND METHOD OF C02 PURIFICATION BY ADSORPTION
La présente invention est relative à une unité et à un procédé de purification de CO2. The present invention relates to a unit and a process for purifying CO2.
En particulier, elle concerne une unité de purification d'un mélange gazeux riche en CO2, contenant de l'hydrogène et de l'eau ainsi qu'éventuellement du monoxyde de carbone et/ou du méthane.  In particular, it relates to a unit for purifying a gaseous mixture rich in CO2, containing hydrogen and water and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane.
Un gaz riche en CO2 contient au moins 35% mol de dioxyde de carbone, voire au moins 65% mol de dioxyde de carbone sur base sèche.  A CO2-rich gas contains at least 35 mol% of carbon dioxide, or even at least 65 mol% of carbon dioxide on a dry basis.
Le mélange gazeux contient préférablement au moins 2000 ppm d'hydrogène. Il peut aussi contenir au moins 2000 ppm de monoxyde de carbone et/ou au moins 2000ppm de méthane.  The gaseous mixture preferably contains at least 2000 ppm of hydrogen. It can also contain at least 2000 ppm of carbon monoxide and / or at least 2000 ppm of methane.
Toutes puretés mentionnées dans ce document sont des puretés molaires.  All purities mentioned in this document are molar purities.
Dans un exemple, une unité de purification de CO2 traite un gaz d'alimentation riche en CO2, l'épure de certains constituants indésirables pour une application alimentaire, et le liquéfie par vaporisation d'un fluide frigorigène, généralement de l'ammoniac.  In one example, a CO2 purification unit processes a CO2-rich feed gas, purifies certain undesirable constituents for food application, and liquefies it by vaporizing a refrigerant, usually ammonia.
Parmi les impuretés présentes dans le gaz d'alimentation, certains constituants sont plus volatils que le CO2, et sont donc éliminés lors de la distillation finale dans un gaz résiduaire.  Among the impurities present in the feed gas, certain constituents are more volatile than CO2, and are therefore eliminated during the final distillation in a residual gas.
Ce gaz résiduaire sert généralement de gaz de régénération pour un système d'épuration par adsorption (sécheur) situé en amont de la colonne de distillation finale.  This waste gas is generally used as regeneration gas for an adsorption purification system (dryer) located upstream of the final distillation column.
Lorsque ces constituants volatils sont principalement H2 et CO (voire CH ), le gaz de régénération, enrichi en ces constituants, entre dans le domaine d'inflammabilité lorsque mis en contact avec l'air, ayant servi à la régénération du système d'épuration. When these volatile constituents are mainly H 2 and CO (or CH), the regeneration gas, enriched in these constituents, enters the flammability range when brought into contact with the air, having served for the regeneration of the system. treatment.
Dans ce cas, le gaz résiduaire ne peut être recyclé dans le gaz d'alimentation car le recyclage n'évacue pas les constituants et donc accumule les constituants inflammables.  In this case, the waste gas can not be recycled into the feed gas because the recycling does not evacuate the constituents and thus accumulates the flammable constituents.
On pourrait envisager de mettre à l'air ce gaz résiduaire, sans l'utiliser pour la régénération pour éviter les risques et les surcoûts (classification ATEX) liés à l'utilisation d'un gaz inflammable. La régénération s'effectuerait alors en utilisant du CO2 pur en provenance du stockage de production de liquide, et constitué du gaz qui se forme naturellement au-dessus de la surface du liquide ou sinon, de liquide vaporisé à dessein. We could consider venting this waste gas, without using it for regeneration to avoid risks and additional costs (ATEX classification) related to the use of a flammable gas. Regeneration would then take place using pure CO2 from the liquid storage, consisting of the gas that naturally forms above the surface of the liquid or, otherwise, purposely vaporized liquid.
Dans les deux cas, cette configuration pénalise la production nette de l'unité, d'un montant égal au débit nécessaire à la régénération, soit de l'ordre de 5 à 6%.  In both cases, this configuration penalizes the net production of the unit, by an amount equal to the flow rate necessary for the regeneration, namely of the order of 5 to 6%.
US-A-4952223 décrit un appareil de séparation en amont d'une unité d'adsorption et en aval d'une colonne de distillation pour modifier la composition du gaz de régénération. Le débit d'alimentation ne contient pas d'hydrogène et le débit de régénération n'est pas envoyé l'air et/ou n'est pas appauvri en hydrogène.  US-A-4952223 discloses a separation apparatus upstream of an adsorption unit and downstream of a distillation column to modify the composition of the regeneration gas. The feed rate does not contain hydrogen and the regeneration flow rate is not sent to the air and / or is not depleted of hydrogen.
WO07/126972 décrit également un appareil de séparation, qui est un séparateur de phases, en amont d'une unité d'adsorption et en aval d'une colonne de distillation mais les valeurs de composition donnée dans le tableau 1 ne correspondent pas à la figure, puisque le gaz du séparateur de phase doit s'appauvrir en CO2 alors que le tableau montre le contraire. L'enseignement de ce document n'est donc pas clair.  WO07 / 126972 also discloses a separation apparatus, which is a phase separator, upstream of an adsorption unit and downstream of a distillation column but the composition values given in Table 1 do not correspond to the figure, since the gas phase separator must deplete CO2 while the table shows the opposite. The teaching of this document is therefore not clear.
Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu une unité de purification de CO2 à partir d'un gaz riche en CO2 contenant au moins 35% mol de CO2, de l'hydrogène et de l'eau ainsi qu'au moins une, voire deux, des impuretés suivantes : monoxyde de carbone et méthane, comprenant : According to one object of the invention, there is provided a unit for purifying CO2 from a gas rich in CO 2 containing at least 35 mol% of CO2, hydrogen and water and at least one or two of the following impurities: carbon monoxide and methane, comprising:
i) au moins un compresseur pour comprimer le gaz riche en CO2 jusqu'à une première pression P,  i) at least one compressor for compressing the CO2-rich gas to a first pressure P,
ii) au moins un système de purification capable de fonctionner avec une étape d'adsorption à une pression sensiblement égale à P et avec une régénération à une pression inférieure à P pour épurer le gaz à la première pression provenant du au moins un compresseur pour produire un gaz épuré au moins en eau,  ii) at least one purification system capable of operating with an adsorption step at a pressure substantially equal to P and with a regeneration at a pressure below P to purify the gas at the first pressure from the at least one compressor to produce a purified gas at least in water,
iii) un système de colonnes comprenant au moins une colonne de distillation capable de fonctionner sous une pression sensiblement égale à P du gaz épuré pour produire un liquide enrichi en CO2 et appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et un gaz enrichi en hydrogène et/ éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone, iii) a column system comprising at least one distillation column capable of operating at a pressure substantially equal to P of the purified gas to produce a CO2-enriched liquid which is depleted of hydrogen and optionally of carbon monoxide and / or methane, and gas enriched hydrogen and / optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide,
iv) un appareil de séparation  iv) separating apparatus
caractérisé en ce que l'unité comprend une première conduite pour envoyer le gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone du système de colonnes vers l'appareil de séparation, une deuxième conduite reliée à l'appareil de séparation pour renvoyer un gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane, la deuxième conduite étant reliée au système de purification par l'adsorption pour y envoyer un gaz de régénération constitué par soit au moins une partie du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane seul soit au moins une partie du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane mélangé avec un autre gaz, et le système de purification comprenant des moyens pour envoyer à l'air le gaz de régénération ayant servi à la régénération. characterized in that the unit comprises a first conduit for supplying the hydrogen enriched gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and carbon dioxide depleted from the column system to the separation apparatus, a second conduit connected to the separation apparatus for returning a gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane, the second pipe being connected to the purification system by the adsorption to send a regeneration gas constituted by at least one part of the hydrogen-depleted gas and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane alone either at least a part of the gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane mixed with another gas, and the purification system comprising means for sending to air the regeneration gas used for regeneration.
Selon d'autres objets facultatifs :  According to other optional objects:
l'appareil de séparation est un appareil de perméation.  the separation apparatus is a permeation apparatus.
la composition du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en CO généré par l'appareil de séparation n'est pas comprise dans le domaine d'inflammabilité dans l'air.  the composition of the gas depleted of hydrogen and possibly CO generated by the separation apparatus is not included in the flammability range in air.
le système de colonnes est disposé à l'intérieur d'une enceinte isolée et l'appareil de séparation se trouve en dehors de toute enceinte isolée.  the column system is disposed within an insulated enclosure and the separation apparatus is outside any isolated enclosure.
l'unité comprend des moyens pour chauffer le gaz appauvri en dioxyde de carbone en amont de l'appareil de séparation.  the unit comprises means for heating the carbon dioxide depleted gas upstream of the separation apparatus.
les moyens pour chauffer le gaz permettent un échange de chaleur entre le gaz et de l'ammoniac et/ou le gaz riche en CO2 à la première pression. the means for heating the gas allow a heat exchange between the gas and ammonia and / or the CO 2 -rich gas at the first pressure.
l'unité comprend un moyen de détection de la teneur du gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone envoyé à l'appareil de séparation  the unit comprises means for detecting the content of the gas enriched in hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide sent to the separation apparatus
l'unité comprend un moyen de détection de la teneur du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone un moyen de détection précédemment décrit est relié à un moyen pour fermer la conduite du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone the unit comprises a means for detecting the content of the gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally of carbon monoxide detection means previously described is connected to a means for closing the gas line depleted in hydrogen and possibly in carbon monoxide
un moyen de détection précédemment décrit est relié à un moyen pour ouvrir la conduite de l'autre gaz  detection means previously described is connected to a means for opening the pipe of the other gas
Selon un autre objet de l'invention, il est prévu un procédé de purification de CO2 à partir d'un gaz riche en CO2 contenant au moins 35% mol de CO2, de l'hydrogène de l'eau ainsi qu'éventuellement au moins une, voire deux, des impuretés suivantes : monoxyde de carbone et méthane, comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : According to another object of the invention, there is provided a process for purifying CO 2 from a CO 2 -rich gas containing at least 35 mol% of CO 2, hydrogen from water as well as optionally at least one, or even two, of the following impurities: carbon monoxide and methane, comprising at least the following steps:
i) la compression du gaz riche en CO2 jusqu'à une première pression P pour produire un gaz riche en CO2 comprimé  i) compressing the CO2-rich gas to a first pressure P to produce a compressed CO2-rich gas
ii) l'épuration du gaz riche en CO2 comprimé dans au moins un système de purification par adsorption à une pression sensiblement égale à P et régénération à une pression inférieure à P pour produire un gaz riche en CO2 épuré en eau  ii) purifying the compressed CO2-rich gas in at least one adsorption purification system at a pressure substantially equal to P and regenerating at a pressure below P to produce a water-purified CO2-rich gas;
iii) distillation dans un système de colonnes comprenant au moins une colonne de distillation sous pression sensiblement égale à P du gaz épuré pour produire un liquide enrichi en CO2 et appauvri en hydrogène et/ou en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et un gaz enrichi en hydrogène et/ou en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone iv) une étape de séparation dans un appareil de séparation  iii) distillation in a column system comprising at least one distillation column under pressure substantially equal to P purified gas to produce a liquid enriched in CO2 and depleted of hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane and a gas enriched with hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted of carbon dioxide iv) a separation step in a separating apparatus
caractérisé en ce que l'on envoie le gaz appauvri en dioxyde de carbone du système de colonnes vers l'appareil de séparation, l'appareil de séparation produit un gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane, on envoie le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane, éventuellement mélangé avec un autre gaz, au système de purification par adsorption pour servir de gaz de régénération, et on envoie le gaz de régénération ayant servi à la régénération, à l'air, au moins ponctuellement.  characterized in that the carbon dioxide depleted gas is fed from the column system to the separation apparatus, the separation apparatus produces a gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane, sends the hydrogen-depleted gas and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane, optionally mixed with another gas, to the adsorption purification system to serve as a regeneration gas, and the regeneration gas used for the regeneration is sent , in the air, at least punctually.
Selon d'autres aspects facultatifs de l'invention :  According to other optional aspects of the invention:
la teneur en hydrogène du gaz de régénération à l'entrée du système de purification étant en dessous d'un seuil correspondant au domaine d'inflammabilité dans l'air on utilise pour constituer une partie du gaz de régénération un débit de dioxyde de carbone gazeux, pouvant être dérivé du liquide produit du système de colonnes. the hydrogen content of the regeneration gas at the inlet of the purification system being below a threshold corresponding to the flammability range in the air a portion of the regeneration gas used is a flow rate of gaseous carbon dioxide, which can be derived from the liquid produced from the column system.
on mélange le débit de dioxyde de carbone avec le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane produit par l'appareil de séparation pour produire le gaz de régénération.  the carbon dioxide flow rate is mixed with the hydrogen-depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane produced by the separation apparatus to produce the regeneration gas.
on détecte la teneur en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane, soit :  the content of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane is detected, that is:
i) du gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone du système de colonnes soit  i) gas enriched in hydrogen and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide from the column system either
ii) du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane produit par l'appareil de séparation  ii) hydrogen depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane produced by the separation apparatus
et si la ou les teneurs dépasse(nt) un seuil donne, par exemple les limites de l'inflammabilité dans l'air, on n'utilise pas le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane produit par l'appareil de séparation ou on mélange du dioxyde de carbone gazeux avec le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement u en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane produit par l'appareil de séparation pour servir de gaz de régénération. and if the concentration or levels exceed a threshold, for example the limits of flammability in the air, the gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane produced by the separating apparatus or mixing carbon dioxide gas with hydrogen-depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane produced by the separation apparatus to serve as a regeneration gas.
le gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone envoyé à l'appareil de séparation est inflammable dans l'air  the gas enriched in hydrogen and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted of carbon dioxide sent to the separation apparatus is flammable in the air
le gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone envoyé à l'appareil de séparation contient au moins 5% d'hydrogène, voire au moins 10% d'hydrogène  the gas enriched in hydrogen and possibly in carbon monoxide and / or in methane and depleted in carbon dioxide sent to the separation apparatus contains at least 5% of hydrogen, or even at least 10% of hydrogen
le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane provenant de l'appareil de séparation est inflammable dans l'air  the gas depleted of hydrogen and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane from the separation apparatus is flammable in the air
on détecte de la teneur du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone , the content of the hydrogen depleted gas and possibly carbon monoxide is detected ,
6 on ferme la conduite du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone si la teneur en hydrogène du gaz appauvri en hydrogène est au-dessus d'un seuil  6 the hydrogen-depleted gas line and possibly carbon monoxide are closed if the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-depleted gas is above a threshold
on ouvre la conduite de l'autre gaz si la teneur en hydrogène du gaz appauvri en hydrogène est au-dessus d'un seuil  the other gas is opened if the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-depleted gas is above a threshold
L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en se référant à la figure.  The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figure.
Un gaz 1 riche en CO2 contenant au moins 35% de CO2, de l'eau, 10 OOOppm H2, 2000ppm CO et 2000 ppm CH4 doit être séparé pour produire un liquide enrichi en dioxyde de carbone. Le gaz est comprimé jusqu'à 20 bars a dans un compresseur 3 pour produire un gaz comprimé 3. Le gaz comprimé 3 est épuré à 20 bars a dans une unité d'épuration 5 qui opère par adsorption. Le gaz 6 épuré en eau est refroidi (non-illustré) et envoyé à la distillation dans un système de colonnes 7 comprenant au moins une colonne de distillation. Le système produit un liquide enrichi en dioxyde de carbone et appauvri en monoxyde de carbone, en hydrogène et en méthane, contenant au moins 55% de dioxyde de carbone, 8 qui est stocké dans un stockage 1 1 et est envoyé comme produit 10 à un client. A CO2 rich gas 1 containing at least 35% CO2, water, 10 OOOppm H2, 2000 ppm CO and 2000 ppm CH 4 must be separated to produce an enriched liquid carbon dioxide. The gas is compressed to 20 bar in a compressor 3 to produce a compressed gas 3. The compressed gas 3 is purified to 20 bar in a purification unit 5 which operates by adsorption. The water purified gas 6 is cooled (not shown) and sent for distillation in a column system 7 comprising at least one distillation column. The system produces a carbon dioxide-enriched, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane-depleted liquid containing at least 55% carbon dioxide, which is stored in a 1 1 storage and is sent as a product to a carrier. customer.
Le système de colonnes 7 produit également un gaz 24 enrichi en hydrogène, monoxyde de carbone et méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone. Le gaz 24 contient 15% d'hydrogène, 3% de méthane et 3% de monoxyde de carbone. Le gaz 24 contient au moins 5% d'hydrogène, de préférence au moins 10% d'hydrogène.  The column system 7 also produces a gas 24 enriched in hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane and depleted in carbon dioxide. The gas 24 contains 15% hydrogen, 3% methane and 3% carbon monoxide. The gas 24 contains at least 5% hydrogen, preferably at least 10% hydrogen.
L'invention proposée à pour but de minimiser les pertes liées aux composés inflammables de a façon suivante :  The purpose of the proposed invention is to minimize the losses associated with flammable compounds in the following manner:
Un appareil de séparation 13 séparant le CO2 du H2, CO et méthane, par exemple une membrane HF sépare le gaz résiduaire 24. Sous l'effet de la différence de pression entre le gaz résiduaire 24 (environ 20 bars a) et la pression atmosphérique, une partie des composés inflammables sont soumises à perméation et la membrane permet d'obtenir : A separation apparatus 13 separating CO2 from H 2 , CO and methane, for example an HF membrane separates the waste gas 24. Under the effect of the pressure difference between the waste gas 24 (about 20 bar a) and the pressure part of the flammable compounds are permeated and the membrane provides:
- un flux de gaz 22 sous pression appauvri en H2 et CO, devenu non- inflammable, et donc propre à être utilisé pour la régénération. a stream of pressurized gas 22 depleted in H 2 and CO, which has become non-flammable and therefore suitable for use in regeneration.
un flux de gaz 14 à basse pression enrichi en H2 et CO, inflammable et mis à l'air ou à la torche. Le complément 12 de gaz de régénération sera prélevé sur le stockage de produit 1 1 . a low-pressure gas stream 14 enriched in H 2 and CO, flammable and vented or flared. The complement 12 of regeneration gas will be taken from the product storage 1 1.
L'appareil de séparation 13, pouvant être un appareil de perméation, pourra traiter le gaz résiduel 24 à basse température (en sortie du système de colonnes) : l'efficacité est faible mais le système est facile à implanter d'implantation et minimise le transport de gaz inflammable. De préférence l'appareil de séparation 13 et le système de colonnes 7 sont à l'intérieur d'une même enceinte isolée. Or le système de colonnes 7 peut être disposé à l'intérieur d'une enceinte isolée alors que l'appareil de séparation 13 se trouve en dehors de toute enceinte isolée.  The separating apparatus 13, which may be a permeation apparatus, will be able to treat the residual gas 24 at low temperature (at the outlet of the column system): the efficiency is low but the system is easy to implement and minimizes the implantation. transport of flammable gas. Preferably the separating apparatus 13 and the column system 7 are inside a single insulated enclosure. Or the column system 7 may be disposed within an isolated chamber while the separation apparatus 13 is outside any isolated enclosure.
L'appareil de séparation 13, pouvant être un appareil de perméation, pourra traiter le gaz résiduel 24 à température ambiante ou supérieure, après réchauffage contre un fluide frigorigène (NH3, gaz 1 ou 4, etc). L'efficacité de la perméation est bonne. Pour une température de perméation de 40°C, on obtient 75% de récupération de CO2 dans le produit quand le gaz 1 contient moins que 5% d'hydrogène. Or ceci suppose de transporter le gaz inflammable 24, ce qui entraîne des coûts.  The separation apparatus 13, which may be a permeation apparatus, may treat the residual gas 24 at room temperature or higher, after reheating against a refrigerant (NH3, gas 1 or 4, etc.). The effectiveness of the permeation is good. For a permeation temperature of 40 ° C, 75% CO 2 recovery is obtained in the product when the gas 1 contains less than 5% hydrogen. This implies transporting the flammable gas 24, which entails costs.
Il est possible de mesurer la teneur en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en hydrogène et/ou en méthane du gaz 6, 24, 22 ou 16 et de modifier la quantité de dioxyde de carbone 12 mélangé avec le gaz 22 en fonction de la ou les teneurs observées. Plus le gaz est riche en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en hydrogène et/ou en méthane, plus il faut rajouter du dioxyde de carbone au gaz de régénération pour éviter de rejeter à l'atmosphère un gaz explosif.  It is possible to measure the carbon monoxide and / or hydrogen and / or methane content of the gas 6, 24, 22 or 16 and to modify the amount of carbon dioxide 12 mixed with the gas 22 as a function of the the observed levels. The more gas is rich in carbon monoxide and / or hydrogen and / or methane, the more carbon dioxide must be added to the regeneration gas to avoid releasing an explosive gas into the atmosphere.
Le gaz 20, 16 sert de gaz de régénération pour l'appareil d'épuration 5 et est ensuite rejeté à l'atmosphère comme gaz 18.  The gas 20, 16 serves as a regeneration gas for the purification apparatus 5 and is then released to the atmosphere as gas 18.
Dans cet exemple, le gaz 22 est non-inflammable. Il sera apprécié que l'essentiel est que le gaz 16, 20 soit non-inflammable. Il est donc possible que le gaz 22 soit inflammable et que le fait de le mélanger avec le gaz 12 le rend non-inflammable.  In this example, the gas 22 is non-flammable. It will be appreciated that the essential is that the gas 16, 20 be non-flammable. It is therefore possible that the gas 22 is flammable and that mixing it with the gas 12 makes it non-flammable.
Selon une variante de l'invention on détecte la teneur en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane, soit  According to a variant of the invention, the content of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane is detected, either
i) du gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone 24 du système de colonnes soit o ii) du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane 22 produit par l'appareil de séparation. i) gas enriched in hydrogen and possibly carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide 24 of the column system is either ii) gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane 22 produced by the separation apparatus.
Si la ou les teneurs des gaz 22, 24 ou d'un de ces gaz dépasse(nt) les limites de l'inflammabilité dans l'air, dans certains cas, on n'utilise pas le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane produit par l'appareil de séparation comme gaz de régénération.  If the gas content (s) 22, 24 or one of these gases exceeds (s) the limits of the flammability in the air, in some cases, the gas depleted in hydrogen and possibly in monoxide is not used. of carbon and / or methane produced by the separation apparatus as a regeneration gas.
Dans ce cas, en fonction du ou des teneurs, on peut utiliser le gaz 12 non-mélangé avec le gaz 22 comme gaz de régénération 16. Dans d'autres cas, en fonction du ou des teneurs, on mélange du dioxyde de carbone gazeux 12 avec le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et/ou en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane 22 produit par l'appareil de séparation 13 pour servir de gaz de régénération 16.  In this case, depending on the content or levels, the gas 12 not mixed with the gas 22 can be used as a regeneration gas 16. In other cases, depending on the content or contents, gaseous carbon dioxide is mixed. 12 with the gas depleted of hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane 22 produced by the separation apparatus 13 to serve as a regeneration gas 16.
Le dioxyde de carbone, dans les deux cas, ne provient pas forcément du stockage 1 1 mais peut provenir d'une source externe. De même un autre gaz peut remplacer le gaz 16.  Carbon dioxide, in both cases, does not necessarily come from the storage 1 1 but can come from an external source. Similarly another gas can replace the gas 16.
L'unité peut comprendre au moins un moyen de détection de la teneur ou des teneurs des gaz 22 et/ou 24 relié(s) à un moyen pour fermer la conduite du gaz 22 et/ou à un moyen pour ouvrir la conduite du gaz 12. Exemple :  The unit may comprise at least one means for detecting the content or contents of the gases 22 and / or 24 connected to a means for closing the gas line 22 and / or a means for opening the gas line 12. Example:
Le gaz 6 (gaz d'alimentation après séchage dans le système de purification) contient : 98.5% C02, 1 % (10 000 ppm) méthane, 0.2% (2000 ppm) H2, 0.2% (2000 ppm) CO, et 0.1 % inertes (N2+02)  Gas 6 (feed gas after drying in the purification system) contains: 98.5% CO 2, 1% (10,000 ppm) methane, 0.2% (2000 ppm) H2, 0.2% (2000 ppm) CO, and 0.1% inert (N2 + 02)
Le gaz 24 contient 78% CO2, 15% H2, 3% CO, 3% CH4, et 1 % inertes (N2+O2)  Gas 24 contains 78% CO2, 15% H2, 3% CO, 3% CH4, and 1% inert (N2 + O2)
Le gaz 22 contient 93% C03, 5% H2 et 1 .5% CH4  The gas 22 contains 93% CO 3, 5% H2 and 1.5% CH 4
Après dilution avec CO2 pur 12, le gaz 20, 16 contient 96.7% CO2 2.5% H2 et 0.8% CH4  After dilution with pure CO2 12, gas 20, 16 contains 96.7% CO2 2.5% H2 and 0.8% CH4

Claims

Revendications claims
1 . Unité de purification de CO2 à partir d'un gaz riche en CO2 contenant au moins 35% mol de CO2, de l'hydrogène et de l'eau, ainsi qu'éventuellement au moins une, voire deux, des impuretés suivantes : monoxyde de carbone et méthane, comprenant : 1. A unit for purifying CO2 from a CO2-rich gas containing at least 35 mol% CO2, hydrogen and water, and possibly at least one or even two of the following impurities: carbon and methane, comprising:
i) au moins un compresseur (3) pour comprimer le gaz riche en CO2 (1 ) jusqu'à une première pression P,  i) at least one compressor (3) for compressing the CO2-rich gas (1) to a first pressure P,
ii) au moins un système de purification capable de fonctionner avec une étape d' adsorption (5) à une pression sensiblement égale à P et avec une régénération à une pression inférieure à P pour épurer le gaz à la première pression (4) provenant du au moins un compresseur pour produire un gaz épuré au moins en eau (6),  ii) at least one purification system capable of operating with an adsorption step (5) at a pressure substantially equal to P and with a regeneration at a pressure lower than P to purify the gas at the first pressure (4) from the at least one compressor for producing at least one purified gas (6),
iii) un système de colonnes (7) comprenant au moins une colonne de distillation capable de fonctionner sous une pression sensiblement égale à P du gaz épuré pour produire un liquide enrichi en CO2 et appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane (8) et un gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone (24),  iii) a column system (7) comprising at least one distillation column capable of operating at a pressure substantially equal to P of the purified gas to produce a liquid enriched in CO2 and depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane (8) and a gas enriched in hydrogen and optionally in carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide (24),
iv) un appareil de séparation (13)  iv) separating apparatus (13)
caractérisé en ce que l'unité comprend une première conduite pour envoyer le gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone du système de colonnes vers l'appareil de séparation, une deuxième conduite reliée à l'appareil de séparation pour sortir un gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane (22), la deuxième conduite étant reliée au système de purification par l'adsorption pour y envoyer un gaz de régénération (16) constitué par soit au moins une partie du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane seul (22) soit au moins une partie du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane mélangé avec un autre gaz (12), le système de purification comprenant des moyens pour envoyer à l'air le gaz de régénération ayant servi à la régénération (18) . characterized in that the unit comprises a first conduit for supplying the hydrogen enriched gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and carbon dioxide depleted from the column system to the separation apparatus, a second connected pipe the separating apparatus for outputting a gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane (22), the second pipe being connected to the purification system by the adsorption to supply a regeneration gas (16). ) consisting of either at least a portion of the hydrogen depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane alone (22) or at least a portion of the hydrogen-depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or mixed methane with another gas (12), the purification system comprising means for sending to air the regeneration gas used for the regeneration (18).
2. Unité selon la revendication 1 dans lequel l'appareil de séparation est un appareil de perméation (13). 2. Unit according to claim 1 wherein the separation apparatus is a permeation apparatus (13).
3. Unité selon la revendication 1 ou 2 dans laquelle la composition du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en CO et/ou en méthane (22) généré par l'appareil de séparation (13) n'est pas comprise dans le domaine d'inflammabilité dans l'air. 3. Unit according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the composition of the gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally CO and / or methane (22) generated by the separation apparatus (13) is not included in the scope of flammability in the air.
4. Unité selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le système de colonnes (7) est disposé à l'intérieur d'une enceinte isolée et l'appareil de séparation (13) se trouve en dehors de toute enceinte isolée. 4. Unit according to one of the preceding claims wherein the column system (7) is disposed within an isolated chamber and the separating apparatus (13) is outside any isolated enclosure.
5. Unité selon l'une des revendications précédentes comprenant des moyens pour chauffer le gaz appauvri en dioxyde de carbone (24) en amont de l'appareil de séparation (13). 5. Unit according to one of the preceding claims comprising means for heating the depleted gas carbon dioxide (24) upstream of the separation apparatus (13).
6. Unité selon la revendication 5 dans laquelle les moyens pour chauffer le gaz (24) permettent un échange de chaleur entre le gaz et de l'ammoniac et/ou le gaz riche en CO2 à la première pression (4). 6. Unit according to claim 5 wherein the means for heating the gas (24) allow a heat exchange between the gas and ammonia and / or the CO2-rich gas at the first pressure (4).
7. Procédé de purification de CO2 à partir d'un gaz riche en CO2 contenant au moins 35% mol de CO2, de Hhydrogène et de l'eau ainsi qu'éventuellement au moins une des voire les deux, impuretés suivantes : monoxyde de carbone et méthane, comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes : i) la compression du gaz riche en CO2 (1 ) jusqu'à une première pression P pour produire un gaz riche en CO2 comprimé (4) 7. Process for purifying CO 2 from a CO 2 -rich gas containing at least 35 mol% of CO 2, hydrogen and water, and optionally at least one or both of the following impurities: monoxide of carbon and methane, comprising at least the following steps: i) compressing the CO2-rich gas (1) to a first pressure P to produce a compressed CO2-rich gas (4)
ii) l'épuration du gaz riche en CO2 comprimé dans au moins un système de purification par adsorption (5) à une pression sensiblement égale à P et régénération à une pression inférieure à P pour produire un gaz riche en CO2 épuré en eau (6)  ii) purifying the compressed CO2-rich gas in at least one adsorption purification system (5) at a pressure substantially equal to P and regenerating at a pressure below P to produce a CO2-rich gas purified in water (6); )
iii) distillation dans un système de colonnes (7) comprenant au moins une colonne de distillation sous pression sensiblement égale à P du gaz épuré pour produire un liquide enrichi en CO2 et appauvri en hydrogène et/ou en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane (8) et un gaz enrichi en hydrogène et/ou en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone iii) distillation in a column system (7) comprising at least one distillation column under pressure substantially equal to P purified gas to produce a liquid enriched in CO2 and depleted of hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane (8) and a gas enriched in hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide
iv) une étape de séparation dans un appareil de séparation (13) caractérisé en ce que l'on envoie le gaz appauvri en dioxyde de carbone (24) du système de colonnes vers l'appareil de séparation, l'appareil de séparation produit un gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane (22), , on envoie le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane, éventuellement mélangé avec un autre gaz (12), au système de purification par adsorption pour servir de gaz de régénération, et on envoie le gaz de régénération ayant servi à la régénération, (18) à l'air, au moins ponctuellement.  iv) a separation step in a separating apparatus (13) characterized in that the carbon dioxide depleted gas (24) is fed from the column system to the separation apparatus, the separation apparatus produces a gas depleted in hydrogen and optionally in carbon monoxide and / or methane (22), the depleted gas is sent to hydrogen and optionally to carbon monoxide and / or methane, optionally mixed with another gas (12), adsorption purification system to serve as a regeneration gas, and the regeneration gas used for regeneration, (18) air, at least occasionally.
8. Procédé selon l'a revendication 7 dans lequel la teneur en hydrogène du gaz de régénération (16) à l'entrée du système de purification étant en dessous d'un seuil correspondant au domaine d'inflammabilité dans l'air. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the hydrogen content of the regeneration gas (16) at the inlet of the purification system is below a threshold corresponding to the flammable range in the air.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8 dans lequel on utilise pour constituer une partie du gaz de régénération (16) un débit de dioxyde de carbone gazeux(12) , pouvant être dérivé du liquide (8) produit du système de colonnes. 9. The method of claim 7 or 8 wherein is used to form part of the regeneration gas (16) a flow of gaseous carbon dioxide (12), which can be derived from the liquid (8) produced the column system.
10. Procédé selon les revendications 7 , 8 ou 9 dans lequel on mélange le débit de dioxyde de carbone (12) avec le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane (22) produit par l'appareil de séparation pour produire le gaz de régénération (16,20). The process according to claim 7, 8 or 9 wherein the flow rate of carbon dioxide (12) is mixed with the hydrogen depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane (22) produced by the apparatus of separation to produce the regeneration gas (16,20).
1 1 . Procédé selon la revendication 7,8,9 ou 10 dans lequel on détecte la teneur en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane, soit 1 1. Process according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10 in which the content of hydrogen and optionally of carbon monoxide and / or methane is detected, either
i) du gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone (24) du système de colonnes soit ii) du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane (22) produit par l'appareil de séparation i) gas enriched in hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide (24) of the column system is ii) gas depleted of hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane (22) produced by the separation apparatus
et si la ou les teneurs dépasse(nt) un seuil ou des seuils correspondant aux limites de l'inflammabilité dans l'air, on n'utilise pas le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane produit par l'appareil de séparation comme gaz de régénération ou on mélange du dioxyde de carbone gazeux (12) avec le gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane produit par l'appareil de séparation pour servir de gaz de régénération.  and if the concentration or levels exceed a threshold or thresholds corresponding to the limits of flammability in the air, the gas depleted of hydrogen and possibly of carbon monoxide and / or methane produced by the separation apparatus as a regeneration gas or mixture of gaseous carbon dioxide (12) with the hydrogen depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane produced by the separation apparatus for use as a regeneration gas .
12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 1 1 dans lequel le gaz enrichi en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone et/ou en méthane et appauvri en dioxyde de carbone (24) envoyé à l'appareil de séparation (13) contient au moins 5% d'hydrogène, voire au moins 10% d'hydrogène. 12. Method according to one of claims 7 to 1 1 wherein the gas enriched in hydrogen and optionally carbon monoxide and / or methane and depleted in carbon dioxide (24) sent to the separation apparatus (13) contains at least 5% hydrogen or at least 10% hydrogen.
13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12 dans lequel on détecte de la teneur du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone. 13. Method according to one of claims 7 to 12 wherein detects the content of hydrogen-depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide.
14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 13 dans lequel on ferme la conduite du gaz appauvri en hydrogène et éventuellement en monoxyde de carbone (22) si la teneur en hydrogène du gaz appauvri en hydrogène est au- dessus d'un seuil. 14. A method according to one of claims 7 to 13 wherein the conduct of hydrogen-depleted gas and optionally carbon monoxide (22) is closed if the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-depleted gas is above a threshold. .
15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 14 dans lequel on ouvre la conduite de l'autre gaz (12) si la teneur en hydrogène du gaz appauvri en hydrogène (22) est au-dessus d'un seuil. 15. Method according to one of claims 7 to 14 wherein the opening of the other gas (12) is opened if the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-depleted gas (22) is above a threshold.
EP14806024.7A 2013-11-06 2014-11-06 Unit and method for purifying co2 by adsorption Withdrawn EP3065847A1 (en)

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