EP3065147A1 - Elektrische durchführung - Google Patents

Elektrische durchführung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3065147A1
EP3065147A1 EP15157306.0A EP15157306A EP3065147A1 EP 3065147 A1 EP3065147 A1 EP 3065147A1 EP 15157306 A EP15157306 A EP 15157306A EP 3065147 A1 EP3065147 A1 EP 3065147A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bushing
heat
conductor
cavity
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15157306.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jonas Birgerson
Alejandra Ravanal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to EP15157306.0A priority Critical patent/EP3065147A1/de
Publication of EP3065147A1 publication Critical patent/EP3065147A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/54—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form having heating or cooling devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/26—Lead-in insulators; Lead-through insulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/36—Insulators having evacuated or gas-filled spaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical insulator bushing comprising an electrically insulating sleeve having a central longitudinal through hole, and an electrical conductor positioned through the central longitudinal through hole of the sleeve.
  • a bushing is a hollow electrical insulator through which a conductor may pass.
  • Bushings are used where high voltage lines must pass through a wall or other surface, on switchgear, transformers, circuit breakers and other high voltage equipment.
  • a bushing is used for passing a high voltage line from an oil-filled transformer, whereby the bushing is an oil-to-air bushing with a part in oil in the transformer and a part in air outside of the transformer.
  • Other bushings are air-to-air bushings e.g. passing high voltage lines through a wall.
  • a bushing can comprise an oil impregnated capacitor body surrounding the conductor for controlling the electrical field in the bushing. Further, the bushing is filled with an insulating fluid, e.g. oil or a gas such as sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • an insulating fluid e.g. oil or a gas such as sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • Resistive heat losses in a bushing arise evenly along the conductor.
  • the heat is primarily dissipated to the environment at the upper and lower ends of the bushing.
  • the heat is transported from the central part to the ends by conduction and sometimes by convection. Even though it is rarely used, it is also known that the heat can be transported by an evaporating medium, a so called heat pipe.
  • a thicker conductive rod can be used to reduce the current density and thereby reduce the heat generated.
  • a thicker rod leads to increased material consumption and cost.
  • a heat pipe or heat pin is a heat-transfer device that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition to efficiently manage the transfer of heat between a hot interface and a cooler interface.
  • the function of a heat pipe is to evaporate a liquid at the hot interface of the pipe and to condense it at the cooler interface where the heat is to be dissipated.
  • a given bushing with a defined central space for a conductor has different current carrying capacity due to heat generation depending on what size conductor it is provided with.
  • a flexible conductor gives comparatively low current carrying capacity and a solid rod or tube conductor gives higher capacity.
  • copper conductors give higher capacity than aluminium.
  • the same basic bushing can be given various current ratings depending on which conductor it is equipped with. If the bushing is provided with a heat-pipe, the rating can also be increased.
  • a bushing can handle a higher current, without the need to use a larger conductor, if the conductor is equipped with a heat-pipe.
  • a heat-pipe renders the bushing more expensive to produce and maintain and may not be needed for regular bushings. Instead, special bushings with heat pipes are produced especially for applications where such improved heat transfer is needed.
  • an electrical insulator bushing comprising an electrically insulating sleeve having a central longitudinal through hole surrounding a central longitudinal axis of the bushing.
  • the bushing also comprises an electrical conductor positioned through the central longitudinal through hole of the sleeve.
  • the bushing also comprises an electrically insulating gas filling at least a part of the central longitudinal through hole between the conductor and the sleeve.
  • the bushing also comprises a gas cooler mounted at a first end of the bushing, around the conductor and axially beyond the sleeve. The gas cooler is arranged for cooling the electrically insulating gas, e.g. by allowing the gas to enter, or otherwise contact, the cooler for exchanging heat, for instance with a medium surrounding the first end of the bushing (typically air or water) or with a cooling medium connected to the gas cooler.
  • an electrical device e.g. a power transformer which may be liquid-filled.
  • the device comprises an embodiment of the bushing of the present disclosure.
  • the use of a gas cooler improves the voltage/current rating of a gas-filled bushing by cooling the gas which in its turn cools the conductor.
  • Heat-pipe(s) may also be used to cool the conductor, but for a heat-pipe to be efficient, it needs to be able to at the (top) end of the bushing exchange its heat, e.g. from a fluid filled (such as an oil-filled capacitor body) part of the bushing.
  • a fluid filled (such as an oil-filled capacitor body) part of the bushing e.g. from a fluid filled (such as an oil-filled capacitor body) part of the bushing.
  • the heat-exchange between a heat-pipe and the gas is also improved by means of the gas cooler in accordance with the present invention. The gas is thus cooled, allowing the gas to more efficiently cool the conductor and any heat-pipe.
  • the bushing of the present invention may be used for a transformer, as exemplified herein, but the inventive bushing may alternatively be used for other electrical devices, especially fluid-filled (e.g. oil) electrical devices, such as electrical motors or switches.
  • fluid-filled electrical devices such as electrical motors or switches.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a transformer 8 where a bushing 1 is used for conducting an electrical current (I, U) through the casing of the transformer 8.
  • the transformer may be an oil-filled transformer, e.g. filled with mineral oil or an ester-based oil.
  • the transformer may be a high-voltage power transformer, whereby a high-voltage current is passed from the transformer through the conductor of the bushing 1.
  • the bushing 1 may thus have an inner oil-immersed part at a lower end of the bushing inside the transformer 8, and an outer part in air at an upper end of the bushing outside of the transformer.
  • the bushing by means of its conductor, may conduct current from e.g. a winding of the transformer, through the casing of the transformer and to e.g. an air-borne line of a power distribution network, the bushing 1 insulating the current from the casing and any other external structures.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a longitudinal section of an embodiment of an embodiment of a bushing 1.
  • the bushing comprises an electrically insulating sleeve 5 having a central longitudinal through hole surrounding a central longitudinal axis of the bushing.
  • an electrical conductor 2 e.g. of copper or aluminium
  • an capacitor body 3 is arranged around the conductor 2 in order to control the electrical field formed by the conductor.
  • the use of a capacitor body is common practice in the field and the capacitor body is typically impregnated with oil or epoxy, or other insulating material.
  • the capacitor body 3 may be encapsulated in a shell, e.g. of epoxy, which contains the insulating material and separates it from the insulating gas 4 in the first (typically upper) end 7a of the bushing 1.
  • the insulating gas 4 fills a part of the bushing, typically at the first end 7a and surrounds the conductor 2 and separates it from the sleeve 5.
  • the gas 4 also acts as a cooling fluid for transferring heat from the conductor.
  • the electrically insulating gas 4 comprises or consists of sulphur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide or nitrogen, or a combination thereof.
  • Sulphur hexafluoride may be preferred due to its excellent insulating properties, but SF6 is also a potent greenhouse gas why it may in some applications be less preferred.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) may be suitable alternatives to SF6, e.g. a mixture of CO 2 and N 2 .
  • a gas cooler 6 is mounted at the first end (7a) of the bushing, around the conductor 2 and axially beyond the sleeve 5, i.e. outside of the sleeve 5 longitudinally extending the bushing in order to make heat exchange with the surrounding medium (typically air, or possibly water in case of e.g. a sub-sea application).
  • the cooler 6 is arranged such that the gas 4 can flow into the cooler to exchange heat via a heat exchanger of the cooler, e.g. a heat sink such as a heat sink with cooling fins for increasing the interface with the surrounding medium for increased cooling capacity.
  • the gas 4 may thus circulate in and out of the cooler 6, e.g. by means of convection.
  • the gas cooler 6 may, via the cooled gas and the heat-pipe(s), act to cool down both the gas-filled and the liquid-filled parts of the bushing 1.
  • the gas cooler 6 may have any suitable shape and position at the first end 7a, but it may be convenient if the cooler has a substantially cylindrical shape with a central longitudinal through hole through which the conductor can pass directly outside of (on top of) the sleeve 5, as shown in figure 2 .
  • the electrically conducting solid material of the cooler e.g. copper or aluminium, may directly contact the conductor 2 as it passes through the conductor.
  • the cooler solid material is insulated from the conductor whereby the conductor is only cooled indirectly by the cooler 6 via the gas 4.
  • the cooler may comprise a fan for agitating the surrounding medium (typically blowing the medium passed the cooler, or the fins of the cooler) for improving the heat exchange with the surrounding medium.
  • the bushing 1 may comprise an internal fan for circulating the insulating gas 4 for improving the heat exchange, e.g. if convection is not enough for sufficiently circulating the gas 4 within the sleeve 5.
  • the current passing through the conductor 2 may provide an electrical field which may by way of electrical induction run the fan.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a bushing 1, e.g. the bushing shown in figure 2 .
  • the gas cooler 6 is shown as a heat sink with a multitude of longitudinal parallel running cooling fins for cooling the gas within the sleeve 5.
  • Figure 4a schematically illustrates an embodiment of a conductor 2.
  • the conductor is shown in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bushing 1.
  • the conductor 2 comprises a hollow tube or cylinder of an electrically conducting material.
  • the hollow tube conductor 2 forms a central longitudinal space 9.
  • a plurality of pipe shaped cavities are defined for accommodating heat-pipes 10.
  • the number of cavities may vary greatly depending on design of the bushing/conductor and the need for heat exchange.
  • four cavities are shown as an example.
  • the cavities may conveniently be essentially equidistantly distributed along the circumference of the tube 2, within the wall of said tube, in order to achieve heat exchange relatively evenly around the conductor 2.
  • the central space 9 can be used for accommodating a heat pipe.
  • the cavity or cavities has an elongated cross-section extending along the conductor 2 wall, following the curving of the wall.
  • the conductor 2 comprises a cavity extending longitudinally along the conductor and having an opening at one end.
  • the cavity is arranged for accommodating a heat-pipe 10, the heat-pipe comprising a fluid 11 being contained in a closed system arranged for transferring heat along the bushing 1.
  • the cavity accommodates a heat-pipe 10 by said cavity containing the fluid 11 having been introduced into the cavity via its opening, which opening has been blocked to form the closed system.
  • the cavity accommodates a heat-pipe 10 by said cavity containing a heat conducting tube partly filled with the fluid 11.
  • Figure 4b schematically illustrates another embodiment of a conductor 2.
  • the conductor is shown in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bushing 1.
  • the conductor 2 comprises two concentrically arranged hollow tubes or cylinders of an electrically conducting material.
  • the inner hollow tube 2a of the conductor 2 forms the central space 9 through which the central longitudinal axis of the bushing 1 runs.
  • An eccentrically located cavity for accommodating a heat-pipe 10 is formed between the inner tube 2a and the outer tube 2b of the conductor 2.
  • the cavity extends, in the transvers plane, 360° around the central space 9 within the conductor 2, allowing the heat to be exchanged more evenly in the conductor 2.
  • the central space 9 can be used for accommodating an additional heat pipe.
  • the cavity is an annular cavity formed between the tubular conductor part 2b and an inner conductor part 2a which is longitudinally concentrically positioned within the tubular conductor part 2b.
  • Figure 4c schematically illustrates another embodiment of a conductor 2.
  • the conductor is shown in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bushing 1.
  • the conductor 2 is a pipe of an electrically conducting material having a longitudinal central cavity/space, e.g. a through hole, 9.
  • a plurality of longitudinally arranged heat-pipes 10 are positioned in the longitudinal cavity 9 of the conductor tube 2.
  • the central cavity 9 is typically at least partly liquid-filled, e.g. with a conventional transformer oil, and the heat-pipe 10 may be at least partly immersed in said liquid.
  • the heat-pipes 10 may thus cool the conductor 2 by heat transfer via the liquid in the central cavity 9. Additionally, if a heat-pipe 10 is positioned in direct contact with the inside surface of the conductor tube 3, at least some of the cooling may be done also by direct heat transfer via the heat conducting pipe of the heat-pipe 10 and the conductor tube 2.
  • the number of heat-pipes 10 may vary greatly depending on design of the bushing/conductor and the need for heat exchange. Here, four heat-pipes 10 are shown as an example. Each of the heat-pipes 10 may be detachable, allowing the number of heat-pipes used to be adjusted in view of the cooling need of the bushing 1.
  • the heat-pipes 10 may conveniently be essentially equidistantly distributed along the circumference of the conductor tube 2, along the inner wall of said tube 2, in order to achieve heat exchange relatively evenly around the conductor 2.
  • the bushing comprises at least one heat-pipe 10 comprising a heat transfer fluid 11 enclosed in a heat conducting pipe for transferring heat along the bushing 1, the heat-pipe 10 being longitudinally arranged and positioned in a central longitudinal cavity 9 formed within a tubular conductor part 2b of the conductor 2.
  • Figure 4d schematically illustrates another embodiment of a conductor 2.
  • the conductor is shown in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bushing 1.
  • the conductor 2 is a pipe of an electrically conducting material having a longitudinal central cavity/space, e.g. as the through hole 9 in figure 4c .
  • the heat-pipe 10 is formed within the central cavity, substantially filling the central cavity over its entire cross-section. This may e.g.
  • a heat-pipe 10 formed in its own, separate heat conducting pipe
  • the central cavity 9 or by simply forming the heat-pipe 10 directly inside the conductor 2 by blocking the central cavity at a lower end of the bushing 1, partly filling the central cavity with the heat-pipe fluid 11, and blocking the central cavity at an upper end of the bushing, whereby a heat-pipe 10 is formed in the central cavity, with the inner wall of the conductor functioning as the cylinder wall of the heat-pipe 10.
  • FIGS. 4a , 4b and 4c are only examples of how one or more heat-pipes may be formed or otherwise included in a bushing 1 of the present invention.
  • the heat-pipes may be used to transport heat within the bushing 1 to where it may be exchanged by heating the gas 4 which is in its turn cooled by means of the gas cooler 6.
  • the heat-pipes may be permanently formed in the bushing, or may be detachably inserted e.g. in the cavities of figure 4a .
  • FIG. 5a illustrates an embodiment of a heat pipe 10, e.g. a detachable heat-pipe configured for being inserted and/or withdrawn from a cavity or from the central through hole 9 of the pipe-formed conductor 2.
  • a heat conducting pipe forms a closed system enclosing the heat transfer fluid 11 therein.
  • FIG. 5b illustrates another embodiment of a heat pipe 10, e.g. a detachable heat-pipe configured for being inserted and/or withdrawn from a cavity or from the central through hole 9 of the pipe-formed conductor 2.
  • a heat conducting pipe forms a closed system together with a condenser 12, enclosing the heat transfer fluid 11 therein.
  • the heat transfer fluid 11 may be any suitable fluid which has a boiling point at a desired operating temperature of the electrical conductor 3.
  • the fluid may e.g. be water, an alcohol, a fluorinated alcohol or a fluorocarbon.
  • the heat-pipe 10 is detachable.
  • the power-rating of the bushing 1 may thus be changed depending on need and the heat-pipe may more easily be serviced or exchanged as needed.
  • the at least one heat-pipe 10 is eccentrically positioned in the central cavity 9 such that it does not intersect the central axis of the bushing.
  • a central space within a tubular conductor 2 may be used for other purposes, e.g. a draw rod, without the heat-pipe being in the way.
  • the heat-pipe 10 comprises a condenser 12 extending beyond the sleeve 5.
  • the heat-pipe may extend at one (typically upper) end, beyond (above) the sleeve 5 in order to more easily cool down and condense the heat transfer fluid away from the heat insulating effect of the sleeve.
  • the condenser 12 may be formed inside the central space 9 in a cooler part of the bushing 1.

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  • Insulators (AREA)
EP15157306.0A 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Elektrische durchführung Withdrawn EP3065147A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15157306.0A EP3065147A1 (de) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Elektrische durchführung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15157306.0A EP3065147A1 (de) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Elektrische durchführung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3065147A1 true EP3065147A1 (de) 2016-09-07

Family

ID=52595212

Family Applications (1)

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EP15157306.0A Withdrawn EP3065147A1 (de) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Elektrische durchführung

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EP (1) EP3065147A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3435493A1 (de) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steckbare hochspannungsdurchführung und hochspannungsanlage mit der steckbaren hochspannungsdurchführung
WO2022233261A1 (zh) * 2021-05-07 2022-11-10 国家电网有限公司 高压套管及高压输电系统
RU2819084C2 (ru) * 2021-05-07 2024-05-13 Стейт Грид Корпорейшн Оф Чайна Высоковольтный ввод и высоковольтная система электропередачи

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52107398U (de) * 1976-02-12 1977-08-16
JPH07169351A (ja) * 1993-12-14 1995-07-04 Toshiba Corp ガス絶縁ブッシング
JPH07201242A (ja) * 1993-12-28 1995-08-04 Toshiba Corp ガス絶縁ブッシング
EP2704157A1 (de) * 2012-12-19 2014-03-05 ABB Technology Ltd Elektrischer Durchführungsisolator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52107398U (de) * 1976-02-12 1977-08-16
JPH07169351A (ja) * 1993-12-14 1995-07-04 Toshiba Corp ガス絶縁ブッシング
JPH07201242A (ja) * 1993-12-28 1995-08-04 Toshiba Corp ガス絶縁ブッシング
EP2704157A1 (de) * 2012-12-19 2014-03-05 ABB Technology Ltd Elektrischer Durchführungsisolator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3435493A1 (de) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steckbare hochspannungsdurchführung und hochspannungsanlage mit der steckbaren hochspannungsdurchführung
US10438723B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2019-10-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pluggable high-voltage bushing and high-voltage installation having the pluggable high-voltage bushing
EP3435493B1 (de) 2017-07-27 2020-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steckbare hochspannungsdurchführung und hochspannungsanlage mit der steckbaren hochspannungsdurchführung
WO2022233261A1 (zh) * 2021-05-07 2022-11-10 国家电网有限公司 高压套管及高压输电系统
RU2819084C2 (ru) * 2021-05-07 2024-05-13 Стейт Грид Корпорейшн Оф Чайна Высоковольтный ввод и высоковольтная система электропередачи

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