EP3062054A1 - Heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3062054A1 EP3062054A1 EP16153327.8A EP16153327A EP3062054A1 EP 3062054 A1 EP3062054 A1 EP 3062054A1 EP 16153327 A EP16153327 A EP 16153327A EP 3062054 A1 EP3062054 A1 EP 3062054A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- heat exchanger
- plate
- exchanger according
- turbulence generating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-WAYWQWQTSA-N cis-2-coumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1O PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0081—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by a single plate-like element ; the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being integrated in one single plate-like element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/38—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and being staggered to form tortuous fluid passages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle.
- Heat exchangers are used, for example, in motor vehicles to cool the fresh air charged by means of an exhaust-gas turbocharger in a fresh-air system interacting with the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle.
- the fresh air to be cooled is introduced into the heat exchanger, where it interacts thermally with a likewise introduced into the heat exchanger coolant and emits heat to the coolant in this way.
- Such a heat exchanger may be configured, for example, as a plate heat exchanger and have a plurality of plate assemblies each having a pair of plates stacked in a stacking direction, wherein between the plates of a plate pair, a coolant path is formed through which a coolant is passed.
- the medium to be cooled for example in a turbocharger charged charge air
- the medium to be cooled can be fluidically separated from the coolant, so that the coolant through the plates of the plate assembly in thermal interaction can be set with the charge air to be cooled.
- additional rib structures may be provided between adjacent plate assemblies which increase the interaction area of the plates available for the thermal interaction. such Constructions are known in the art as so-called "rib-tube heat exchanger".
- a heat exchanger comprises a plurality of plate pairs, which are adjacent and spaced apart along a stacking direction.
- the plate pairs each comprise a first and a second plates, which define in the stacking direction a fluid path through which a first fluid can flow.
- This fluid may be fresh air, for example, which has been charged by an exhaust gas turbocharger in a fresh air system of an internal combustion engine and thereby heated and should therefore be cooled in the heat exchanger.
- a second fluid path formed to flow through with a second fluid, which may be a coolant, which by thermal interaction with the fresh air flowing through the first fluid path, a cooling causes the same.
- a plurality of turbulence-generating elements are arranged in at least one second fluid path, which are connected at one end to a first plate of a plate pair bounding the second fluid path.
- the turbulence generating elements are connected to a second plate of a plate pair adjacent in the stacking direction.
- the inventive measures lead to a comparison with conventional heat exchangers improved thermal interaction of the two fluids together. As a result, therefore, a heat exchanger with improved efficiency is realized. Therefore, all second fluid paths are particularly preferably equipped with turbulence generation elements. At the same time, the turbulence generating elements, when properly designed, can act as a support structure for the first and second plates of the plate pairs, which improves the rigidity of the heat exchanger.
- the turbulence-generating elements can be formed integrally on the first plate and-alternatively or additionally-on the second plate.
- the production of the heat exchanger offers the use of an additive manufacturing process, which significantly simplifies the entire production process of the heat exchanger according to the invention and should therefore be explained in more detail below.
- At least the plate pairs and the turbulence generating elements may be manufactured by means of an additive manufacturing method.
- additive manufacturing process in the present case includes all manufacturing processes which build up the building component directly from a computer model. Such production processes are also known by the name “rapid forming".
- rapid forming includes in particular production processes for the rapid and flexible production of components by means of tool-free production directly from CAD data.
- the use of an additive manufacturing method allows the production of the heat exchanger according to the invention without component-specific investment means such as tool molds or the like. and almost no geometric restrictions.
- heat exchangers made using other methods are eliminated usually in a variety of forms and a large number of existing small parts such as sealing elements or fasteners such as struts or the like. Therefore, all components of the heat exchanger are preferably produced by means of the additive manufacturing process.
- the heat exchanger may be integrally formed.
- Such a one-piece design is formed in particular when using the above-proposed additive manufacturing process, in particular laser melting.
- a one-piece design of the heat exchanger eliminates the very costly and therefore costly attaching the individual components of the heat exchanger together.
- the additive manufacturing process may include laser melting.
- a laser melting process is used for producing the plate pairs and the turbulence generating elements, preferably for producing the entire heat exchanger.
- the components of the heat exchanger can be made directly from 3D CAD data. Basically, the components of the heat exchanger in the laser melting process without tools and in layers based on the three-dimensional CAD model associated with the heat exchanger.
- turbulent flow patterns in the fluids flowing through the second fluid paths can be generated by forming the turbulence generation elements as guide vanes projecting from the first and second plates, in particular in the stacking direction.
- the plurality of turbulence generating elements are arranged in a grid-like manner with at least two raster lines in a plan view of the first or second plate.
- a line direction is defined by the at least two raster lines.
- the turbulence generating elements are formed longitudinally in the plan view of the first plate and each extend along a longitudinal direction.
- longitudinal direction is meant that a length of the respective turbulence generating element - measured in the longitudinal direction - is at least five times, preferably ten times, most preferably twenty times, a maximum width measured transversely to the longitudinal direction.
- the longitudinal direction extends substantially transversely to the row direction.
- a plurality of subchannels in the first and second fluid path can be produced, wherein the first or second fluid can also be exchanged between the individual subchannels via the intermediate spaces present in the longitudinal direction between the individual turbulence generation elements.
- this leads to a uniform flow through the respective fluid path to form a plurality of vortices, resulting in an improved heat exchange between the two, flowing through the first and second fluid path fluids.
- At least one turbulence generating element is curved along the longitudinal direction. This preferably applies to all turbulence generation elements of at least one second fluid channel, particularly preferably to all turbulence generation elements of the heat exchanger. By means of this measure, the formation of eddy currents in the fluid paths is further enhanced.
- two adjacent first and / or second turbulence generation elements of a raster line are designed such that a distance measured transversely to the longitudinal direction between these two turbulence generation elements decreases at least in sections along the longitudinal direction.
- all turbulence generation elements of the same raster line are each provided in pairs with such a geometry.
- the heat exchanger is designed such that the first fluid flows through the first fluid path substantially along a first main flow direction.
- This first main flow direction extends substantially orthogonal to a second main flow direction, through which the second fluid flows substantially in the second fluid path.
- the two fluids flow at an angle of substantially 90 ° to each other through the first and second fluid paths, respectively. This measure leads to an increased thermal interaction between the two fluids and thus to an improved efficiency of the heat exchanger.
- each first fluid path present in the heat exchanger prefferably has a common first fluid inlet for introducing the first fluid into the first fluid path and a fluid outlet for discharging the first fluid have the first fluid path.
- the first fluid inlet and the first fluid outlet are in the plan view of the first and second plate of the first and second fluid path limiting plate pair substantially opposite.
- each second fluid path has a second fluid inlet for introducing the second fluid into the second fluid path and a common fluid outlet for discharging the second fluid from the same second fluid path, the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet also being in plan view of the first plate in FIG Essentially opposite.
- the respective common fluid inlet or joint fluid outlet may be formed integrally on the respective plate pairs and contain a respective passage opening. This may in particular apply to the particularly preferred case that the plate pairs with the first and second plates are part of a flat tube; In this case, the passage openings forming a fluid inlet or fluid outlet can be formed in the flat tubes.
- first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet are arranged in the plan view of the first plate substantially orthogonal to each other.
- the first fluid outlet and the second fluid outlet can also be arranged substantially orthogonal to one another in the plan view of the first plate.
- Both measures taken alone or in combination lead to the first fluid outlet being arranged on a first side of the first or second plate with respect to the plan view of the plate pairs.
- This page may for example be a longitudinal or transverse side of the plate.
- the second fluid inlet is then - preferably rotated by 90 ° - arranged on the transverse or longitudinal side.
- Such an embodiment of the heat exchanger makes it possible to provide on the longitudinal or transverse side a first fluid distributor, which distributes the first fluid to all first fluid inlets and, in the process, communicates fluidically with these. Twisted on the transverse or longitudinal side, ie preferably by 90 °, a second fluid distributor can be provided in the same way, which communicates fluidically with all second fluid inlets to distribute the second fluid to the second fluid paths.
- the two fluid distributors can thus be mounted on the outside of different sides of the plate pairs, which significantly reduces the design effort for the realization of the two fluid manifold.
- a first and a second fluid collector on the remaining longitudinal or transverse side.
- a first fluid collector may be provided which fluidically communicates with all first fluid outlets for collecting the first fluid after flowing through the first fluid paths.
- a second fluid collector is provided on the last remaining transverse or longitudinal side, which communicates fluidically with all second fluid outlets for collecting the second fluid after flowing through the second fluid paths.
- first and second plates of at least one pair of plates are part of a flat tube delimiting the first fluid path.
- the distance between stack pipes adjacent in the stacking direction may serve as a space for a respective second fluid path in this scenario.
- all plate pairs can each be part of a flat tube delimiting the first fluid path.
- a first plate of a respective plate pair and the adjacent in the stacking direction second plate, which is thus assigned to the stack adjacent plate pair are formed as a flat tube, which define the second fluid path.
- all second fluid paths can be realized in the form of flat tubes described above.
- the first and second plates of the plate pairs can be designed to be complementary to one another, a channel structure being formed on the inner sides facing the respective other plate.
- a channel structure may for example have a meander-like or geometry.
- other geometries are conceivable that can be generated in the plates in a particularly simple and flexible manner by using the aforementioned additive manufacturing process.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention in a longitudinal section along a stacking direction S of the plate pairs 2 of the heat exchanger, the FIG. 2 a pair of plates 2 of the heat exchanger 1 in a perspective view.
- the heat exchanger 1 comprises a plurality of plate pairs 2 which are adjacent and spaced apart along a stacking direction S and each comprising a first and a second plates 3a, 3b.
- the first and second plates 3a, 3b of the plate pairs 2 each delimit in the stacking direction S a first fluid path 4a, through which a first fluid F 1 can flow.
- a main flow direction of the first fluid F 1 is in a direction indicated by Z.
- a second fluid path 4b is designed to flow through with a second fluid F 2 .
- a main flow direction of the second fluid F 2 is L-designated Direction perpendicular to the plane, ie orthogonal to the main flow direction of the first fluid F first
- a plurality of turbulence generating elements 6 are arranged, which are connected at one end to a first plate 3a of the respective second fluid path 4b limiting plate pair 2 and the other end with a second plate 3b of a stacking direction S adjacent plate pair 2 are connected ,
- This second plate 3b also defines the fluid passage 4b with the turbulence generating elements 6.
- the turbulence generating elements 6 are integrally formed on both the first plate 3a and the second plate 3b to which they are connected endwise.
- the plate pairs 2 with the first and second plates 3a, 3b and the turbulence generating elements 6 are manufactured by an additive manufacturing method.
- all other components of the heat exchanger 1 can be produced by means of such an additive manufacturing process.
- the use of an additive manufacturing method allows the production of the heat exchanger 1 with almost no geometric restrictions.
- the additive manufacturing process it is possible to construct the design of the heat exchanger 1 functionally bound - and no longer tool-bound.
- the individual components of the heat exchanger 1, such as the pairs of plates 2 and the adjacent pairs of plates 2 connecting turbulence generating elements 6 can be integrally formed directly in the course of the manufacturing process to each other.
- turbulence generating elements 6 can be made with almost any geometry.
- the additive manufacturing process may also include the so-called laser melting process.
- a laser melting process is used for producing the plate pairs 2 and the Turbulence generating elements 6, in an extreme case for producing the entire heat exchanger 1.
- the above-mentioned components of the heat exchanger can be produced directly from 3D CAD data.
- the said components of the heat exchanger 1 during the laser melting process are manufactured without tools and in layers on the basis of a three-dimensional CAD model assigned to the heat exchanger 1.
- the turbulence generating elements 6 may be formed in each case as from the first plate 3a and second plate 3b projecting vanes 8.
- the formation of the turbulence-generating elements 6 in the form of guide vanes 8 assists in the formation of particularly turbulent flow patterns in the second fluid F 2 flowing through the second fluid paths 4 b. This leads to an improved efficiency of the heat exchanger 1.
- FIG. 3 can be seen, the plurality of turbulence generating elements 6 in the plan view of the first plate 3a grid-like with multiple raster lines 9 - in FIG. 3
- three such raster lines 9 are shown - arranged on this.
- a row direction Z is defined.
- the turbulence generating elements 6 are formed longitudinally in the stacking direction S on the first plate 3a and each extending along a longitudinal direction L which is substantially transverse to the row direction Z.
- a length l of the turbulence generating elements 6 is at least five times a maximum width b of the same turbulence generating element 6.
- the length is preferably at least ten times, more preferably at least twenty times the maximum width b.
- the width b measured in the row direction Z can be determined according to FIG. 3 vary along the longitudinal direction L.
- At least one turbulence generating element 6 is formed curved in the top direction in the stacking direction S on the first plate 3a in the longitudinal direction L. This is especially preferred as in FIG. 3 shown for all turbulence generating elements 6 of the heat exchanger 1.
- the turbulence elements 6 with a curved geometry can be produced in a particularly simple manner by using the aforementioned additive manufacturing method, in particular laser melting. This proves to be particularly advantageous if, as shown in the example, a large number of turbulence generating elements 6 to be used, which can then be used as a support structure for the plates 3a, 3b of the plate pairs 2.
- Two adjacent turbulence generation elements 6 of a raster line 9 are preferably designed such that a distance a measured transversely to the longitudinal direction L between these two turbulence generation elements 6 decreases along the longitudinal direction L at least in sections.
- all turbulence generating elements 6 of the same raster line 9 can be provided in pairs with such a geometry.
- the turbulence generation elements 6 of a respective raster line 9 which are adjacent in a specific line direction Z can form element pairs 12.
- the Both turbulence generating elements 6 of a respective pair of elements 12 may be arranged with respect to an axis of symmetry A, which extends in the plan view of the first and second plates 3a, 3b along the longitudinal direction L, axially symmetrical to each other.
- a particularly advantageous arrangement geometry of the turbulence generating elements 6 is realized, which causes a particularly pronounced turbulence in the first and second fluid F 2 and thus to an improved heat exchange between the two fluids F1, F 2 when flowing through the fluid paths 4a, 4b in the heat exchanger 1 leads.
- Such an axisymmetric arrangement of a multiplicity of element pairs 12 can also be realized in a particularly simple and precise manner by using an additive manufacturing method.
- the heat exchanger 1 can be formed such that the first fluid F 1 flows through the first fluid path 4a substantially along a first main flow direction R 1 .
- the first main flow direction R 1 extends substantially orthogonal to a second main flow direction R 2 , through which the second fluid F 2 flows in the second fluid path 4 b.
- Each first fluid path 4a may have a common first fluid inlet 13 for introducing the first fluid F 1 into the first fluid paths 4a and a common first fluid outlet 14 for discharging the first fluid F 1 from the first fluid paths 4a.
- the first fluid inlet 13 and the first fluid outlet 14 - whose position is in FIG.
- each second fluid path may have 4b 4b a common second fluid inlet 15 for introducing the second fluid F2 into the second fluid path 4b and a common second fluid outlet 16 for discharging the second fluid F2 from the second fluid paths.
- the common second fluid inlet 15 and the common second fluid outlet 16 are also in the plan view of the first plate 3a each other across from.
- the first fluid inlet 13 and the second fluid inlet 15 with respect to the plan view of the first plate 3a in the stacking direction S are arranged substantially rotated by 90 ° to each other.
- first fluid outlet 14 and the second fluid outlet 16 are arranged with respect to the plan view of the first plate 2 along the stacking direction S substantially orthogonal to each other.
- first plate 3a with two longitudinal sides 17a, 17b and two transverse sides 17c, 17d
- the common first fluid inlet 13 and the common first fluid outlet 14 in the region of opposite longitudinal sides 17a, 17b may be arranged
- the common second fluid inlet 15 and the common second fluid outlet 16 can be arranged in the region of the opposite transverse sides 17c, 17d.
- the first and second plates 3a, 3b of the plate pairs 2 may each be part of a flat tube defining the first and / or second fluid path 4a, 4b (not shown). This allows a production of the heat exchanger 1 in flat construction.
- the two plates 3a, 3b of a respective plate pair 2 may be formed complementary to each other.
- a channel structure may be formed on the inner side 11 facing the respective other plate.
- Such a channel structure may for example have a meander-like or geometry.
- other geometries are conceivable, which can be produced in the plates 3a, 3b in a particularly simple and flexible manner by using the aforementioned additive manufacturing process.
- the heat exchanger 1 may be formed in one piece. Such a one-piece design is formed in particular when using the above-proposed additive manufacturing process, in particular laser melting. In a one-piece design of the heat exchanger eliminates the very costly and therefore costly attaching the individual components of the heat exchanger together. It is understood that in the case of a one-piece construction of the heat exchanger 1, the terms used herein such as e.g. "first plate 3a" remain valid.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher (1), insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, - mit einer Mehrzahl von Plattenpaaren (2), die entlang einer Stapelrichtung (S) benachbart zueinander angeordnet sind und jeweils eine erste und eine zweite Platten (3a, 3b) umfassen, die in der Stapelrichtung (S) einen von einem ersten Fluid (F 1 ) durchströmbaren ersten Fluidpfad (4a) begrenzen, - wobei zwischen zwei in der Stapelrichtung (S) benachbarten Plattenpaaren (2) ein zweiter Fluidpfad (4b) zum Durchströmen mit einem zweiten Fluid ausgebildet ist, - wobei in wenigstens einem zweiten Fluidpfad (4b), vorzugsweise in allen zweiten Fluidpfaden (4b), eine Mehrzahl von Turbulenzerzeugungselementen (6) angeordnet ist, welche einenends mit einer ersten Platte (3a) eines den zweiten Fluidpfad (4b) begrenzenden Plattenpaars (2) verbunden sind und anderenends mit einer zweiten Platte (3b) eines in Stapelrichtung (S) benachbarten Plattenpaars (2) verbunden sind.The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1), in particular for a motor vehicle, - Having a plurality of plate pairs (2) which are arranged along a stacking direction (S) adjacent to each other and each comprise a first and a second plates (3a, 3b) in the stacking direction (S) one of a first fluid (F 1) to flow through the first fluid path (4a), - wherein between two in the stacking direction (S) adjacent plate pairs (2), a second fluid path (4b) is designed to flow through with a second fluid, in which at least one second fluid path (4b), preferably in all second fluid paths (4b), a plurality of turbulence generating elements (6) is arranged, which at one end with a first plate (3a) of the second fluid path (4b) limiting plate pair (2 ) and are connected at the other end to a second plate (3b) of a plate pair (2) adjacent in the stacking direction (S).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug.The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle.
Als Wärmetauscher oder Wärmeübertrager wird gemeinhin eine Vorrichtung bezeichnet, die Wärme von einem Stoffstrom auf einen anderen Stoffstrom überträgt. Wärmetauscher kommen beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen zum Einsatz, um in einer mit der Brennkraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs zusammenwirkenden Frischluftanlage die mittels eines Abgasturboladers aufgeladene Frischluft zu kühlen. Hierzu wird die zu kühlende Frischluft in den Wärmetauscher eingeleitet, wo sie thermisch mit einem ebenfalls in den Wärmetauscher eingeleiteten Kühlmittel wechselwirkt und auf diese Weise Wärme an das Kühlmittel abgibt.As a heat exchanger or heat exchanger is commonly referred to a device that transfers heat from one stream to another stream. Heat exchangers are used, for example, in motor vehicles to cool the fresh air charged by means of an exhaust-gas turbocharger in a fresh-air system interacting with the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle. For this purpose, the fresh air to be cooled is introduced into the heat exchanger, where it interacts thermally with a likewise introduced into the heat exchanger coolant and emits heat to the coolant in this way.
Ein derartiger Wärmetauscher kann beispielsweise als Plattenwärmetauscher ausgestaltet sein und mehrere Platten-Anordnungen mit jeweils einem Plattenpaar aufweisen, die in einer Stapelrichtung aufeinander gestapelt sind, wobei zwischen den Platten eines Plattenpaars ein Kühlmittelpfad ausgebildet wird, durch den ein Kühlmittel geführt wird. Zwischen zwei Platten-Anordnungen, also in einem zwischen zwei benachbarten Plattenpaaren ausgebildeten Abstand, kann fluidisch getrennt zum Kühlmittel das zu kühlende Medium, beispielsweise in einem Abgasturbolader aufgeladene Ladeluft, geführt werden, so dass das Kühlmittel durch die Platten der Platten-Anordnung in thermische Wechselwirkung mit der zu kühlenden Ladeluft gesetzt werden kann. Zur Verbesserung des Wärmeaustauschs können zwischen benachbarten Platten-Anordnungen zusätzlich Rippenstrukturen vorgesehen werden, welche die für die thermische Wechselwirkung zur Verfügung stehende Wechselwirkungsfläche der Platten erhöhen. Derartige Konstruktionen sind dem Fachmann als sog. "Rippe-Rohr-Wärmetauscher" bekannt.Such a heat exchanger may be configured, for example, as a plate heat exchanger and have a plurality of plate assemblies each having a pair of plates stacked in a stacking direction, wherein between the plates of a plate pair, a coolant path is formed through which a coolant is passed. Between two plate arrangements, ie in a distance formed between two adjacent plate pairs, the medium to be cooled, for example in a turbocharger charged charge air, can be fluidically separated from the coolant, so that the coolant through the plates of the plate assembly in thermal interaction can be set with the charge air to be cooled. In order to improve the heat exchange, additional rib structures may be provided between adjacent plate assemblies which increase the interaction area of the plates available for the thermal interaction. such Constructions are known in the art as so-called "rib-tube heat exchanger".
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, bei der Entwicklung von Wärmetauschern, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, neue Wege aufzuzeigen.It is an object of the present invention, in the development of heat exchangers, especially for motor vehicles to show new ways.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Wärmetauscher gemäß dem unabhängigen Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Patentansprüche.This object is achieved by a heat exchanger according to
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Wärmetauscher umfasst eine Mehrzahl von Plattenpaaren, die entlang einer Stapelrichtung benachbart und im Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind. Die Plattenpaare umfassen jeweils eine erste und eine zweite Platten, die in der Stapelrichtung einen Fluidpfad begrenzen, der von einem ersten Fluid durchströmbar ist. Dieses Fluid kann beispielsweise Frischluft sein, die in einer Frischluftanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine von einem Abgasturbolader aufgeladen und dabei erwärmt wurde und daher in dem Wärmetauscher gekühlt werden soll. Zwischen zwei in der Stapelrichtung benachbarten Plattenpaaren ist - fluidisch getrennt und thermisch mit dem ersten Fluidpfad verbunden - ein zweiter Fluidpfad zum Durchströmen mit einem zweiten Fluid ausgebildet, welches ein Kühlmittel sein kann, das durch thermische Wechselwirkung mit der durch den ersten Fluidpfad strömenden Frischluft eine Abkühlung derselben bewirkt. Erfindungsgemäß ist in wenigstens einem zweiten Fluidpfad eine Mehrzahl von Turbulenzerzeugungselementen angeordnet, welche einenends mit einer ersten Platte eines den zweiten Fluidpfad begrenzenden Plattenpaars verbunden sind. Außerdem sind die Turbulenzerzeugungselementen mit einer zweiten Platte eines in Stapelrichtung benachbarten Plattenpaars verbunden.A heat exchanger according to the invention comprises a plurality of plate pairs, which are adjacent and spaced apart along a stacking direction. The plate pairs each comprise a first and a second plates, which define in the stacking direction a fluid path through which a first fluid can flow. This fluid may be fresh air, for example, which has been charged by an exhaust gas turbocharger in a fresh air system of an internal combustion engine and thereby heated and should therefore be cooled in the heat exchanger. Between two adjacent plate pairs in the stacking direction is - fluidly separated and thermally connected to the first fluid path - a second fluid path formed to flow through with a second fluid, which may be a coolant, which by thermal interaction with the fresh air flowing through the first fluid path, a cooling causes the same. According to the invention, a plurality of turbulence-generating elements are arranged in at least one second fluid path, which are connected at one end to a first plate of a plate pair bounding the second fluid path. In addition, the turbulence generating elements are connected to a second plate of a plate pair adjacent in the stacking direction.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen führen zu einer gegenüber herkömmlichen Wärmetauschern verbesserten thermischen Wechselwirkung der beiden Fluide miteinander. Im Ergebnis wird also ein Wärmetauscher mit verbesserter Effizienz realisiert. Besonders bevorzugt sind daher alle zweiten Fluidpfade mit Turbulenzerzeugungselementen ausgestattet. Gleichzeitig können die Turbulenzerzeugungselemente bei geeigneter Auslegung als Stützstruktur für die ersten und zweiten Platten der Plattenpaare wirken, was die Steifigkeit des Wärmetauschers verbessert.The inventive measures lead to a comparison with conventional heat exchangers improved thermal interaction of the two fluids together. As a result, therefore, a heat exchanger with improved efficiency is realized. Therefore, all second fluid paths are particularly preferably equipped with turbulence generation elements. At the same time, the turbulence generating elements, when properly designed, can act as a support structure for the first and second plates of the plate pairs, which improves the rigidity of the heat exchanger.
Besonders zweckmäßig können die Turbulenzerzeugungselemente integral an der ersten Platte sowie - alternativ oder zusätzlich - an der zweiten Platte ausgeformt sein. In diesem Szenario bietet sich zur Fertigung des Wärmetauschers die Verwendung eines additiven Herstellungsverfahrens an, welches den gesamten Fertigungsprozess des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers maßgeblich vereinfacht und daher im Folgenden genauer erläutert werden soll.Particularly expediently, the turbulence-generating elements can be formed integrally on the first plate and-alternatively or additionally-on the second plate. In this scenario, the production of the heat exchanger offers the use of an additive manufacturing process, which significantly simplifies the entire production process of the heat exchanger according to the invention and should therefore be explained in more detail below.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform können wenigstens die Plattenpaare und die Turbulenzerzeugungselemente mittels eines additiven Herstellungsverfahrens hergestellt sein. Vom dem Begriff "additives Herstellungsverfahren" sind vorliegend alle Herstellungsverfahren umfasst, welche das Bauteil unmittelbar aus einem Computermodell heraus schichtweise aufbauen. Derartige Herstellungsverfahren sind auch unter der Bezeichnung "Rapid Forming" bekannt. Unter dem Begriff "Rapid Forming" sind dabei insbesondere Produktionsverfahren zur schnellen und flexiblen Herstellung von Bauteilen mittels werkzeugloser Fertigung direkt aus CAD-Daten gefasst. Die Verwendung eines additiven Herstellungsverfahrens ermöglicht die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers ohne bauteilspezifische Investitionsmittel wie z.B. Werkzeugformen o.ä. und nahezu ohne geometrische Einschränkungen. Außerdem entfallen bei herkömmlichen, unter Verwendung anderer Verfahren hergestellten Wärmetauschern zumeist in vielfältiger Form und großer Anzahl vorhandene Kleinteile wie etwa Dichtungselemente oder Befestigungselemente wie beispielsweise Streben o.ä. Bevorzugt sind daher alle Komponenten des Wärmetauschers mittels des additiven Herstellungsverfahrens hergestellt.In a further preferred embodiment, at least the plate pairs and the turbulence generating elements may be manufactured by means of an additive manufacturing method. The term "additive manufacturing process" in the present case includes all manufacturing processes which build up the building component directly from a computer model. Such production processes are also known by the name "rapid forming". The term "rapid forming" includes in particular production processes for the rapid and flexible production of components by means of tool-free production directly from CAD data. The use of an additive manufacturing method allows the production of the heat exchanger according to the invention without component-specific investment means such as tool molds or the like. and almost no geometric restrictions. In addition, conventional heat exchangers made using other methods are eliminated usually in a variety of forms and a large number of existing small parts such as sealing elements or fasteners such as struts or the like. Therefore, all components of the heat exchanger are preferably produced by means of the additive manufacturing process.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Wärmetauscher einstückig ausgebildet sein. Eine solche, einstückige Ausbildung bildet sich insbesondere bei Verwendung des vorangehend vorgestellten additiven Herstellungsverfahrens, insbesondere des Laserschmelzens, an. Bei einer einstückigen Ausbildung des Wärmetauschers entfällt das sehr aufwändige und somit kostenintensive Befestigen der einzelnen Komponenten des Wärmetauschers aneinander.Alternatively or additionally, the heat exchanger may be integrally formed. Such a one-piece design is formed in particular when using the above-proposed additive manufacturing process, in particular laser melting. In a one-piece design of the heat exchanger eliminates the very costly and therefore costly attaching the individual components of the heat exchanger together.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann das additive Herstellungsverfahren Laserschmelzen umfassen. Dies bedeutet, dass zum Herstellen der Plattenpaare und der Turbulenzerzeugungselemente, vorzugsweise zum Herstellen des gesamten Wärmetauschers, ein Laserschmelzverfahren verwendet wird. Mittels eines solchen Verfahrens können die Komponenten des Wärmetauschers direkt aus 3D-CAD-Daten hergestellt werden. Grundsätzlich werden die Bauteile des Wärmetauschers beim Laserschmelzverfahren werkzeuglos und schichtweise auf Basis des dem Wärmetauscher zugeordneten dreidimensionalen CAD-Modells gefertigt.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the additive manufacturing process may include laser melting. This means that a laser melting process is used for producing the plate pairs and the turbulence generating elements, preferably for producing the entire heat exchanger. By means of such a method, the components of the heat exchanger can be made directly from 3D CAD data. Basically, the components of the heat exchanger in the laser melting process without tools and in layers based on the three-dimensional CAD model associated with the heat exchanger.
Besonders turbulente Strömungsbilder in den durch die zweiten Fluidpfade strömenden Fluiden, etwa in der Art von Strömungsbildern mit Wirbelströmen, lassen sich erzeugen, indem die Turbulenzerzeugungselemente jeweils als von der ersten und zweiten Platte, insbesondere in Stapelrichtung, abstehende Leitschaufeln ausgebildet werden.Particularly turbulent flow patterns in the fluids flowing through the second fluid paths, for example in the form of flow images with eddy currents, can be generated by forming the turbulence generation elements as guide vanes projecting from the first and second plates, in particular in the stacking direction.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Mehrzahl von Turbulenzerzeugungselementen in einer Draufsicht auf die erste oder zweite Platte rasterartig mit wenigstens zwei Rasterzeilen auf dieser angeordnet. Dies erlaubt es, an den den ersten bzw. zweiten Fluidpfad in Stapelrichtung begrenzenden ersten bzw. zweiten Platten eine Vielzahl von Turbulenzerzeugungselementen vorzusehen, was für eine besonders ausgeprägte Erzeugung von Verwirbelungen etc. über den gesamten zweiten Fluidpfad hinweg sorgt, in welchen die Turbulenzerzeugungselemente jeweils hineinragen. Dies führt zu einer verbesserten thermischen Wechselwirkung zwischen den beiden, durch die Fluidpfade strömenden Fluiden und somit zu einer verbesserten Effizienz des Wärmetauschers.In another preferred embodiment, the plurality of turbulence generating elements are arranged in a grid-like manner with at least two raster lines in a plan view of the first or second plate. This makes it possible to provide a multiplicity of turbulence generation elements at the first and second plates defining the first and second fluid paths in the stacking direction, respectively, which ensures a particularly pronounced generation of turbulences etc. over the entire second fluid path in which the turbulence generation elements project in each case , This leads to an improved thermal interaction between the two fluids flowing through the fluid paths and thus to an improved efficiency of the heat exchanger.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird durch die wenigstens zwei Rasterzeilen eine Zeilenrichtung definiert. Die Turbulenzerzeugungselemente sind in der Draufsicht auf die erste Platte längsförmig ausgebildet und erstrecken sich jeweils entlang einer Längsrichtung. Unter "längsförmig" wird dabei verstanden, dass eine Länge des betreffenden Turbulenzerzeugungselements - gemessen in der Längsrichtung - wenigstens das Fünffache, vorzugsweise das Zehnfache, höchst vorzugsweise das Zwanzigfache, einer quer zur Längsrichtung gemessenen maximalen Breite beträgt. Die Längsrichtung erstreckt sich dabei im Wesentlichen quer zur Zeilenrichtung. Mittels einer derartigen Geometrie der Turbulenzerzeugungselemente lassen sich eine Mehrzahl von Unterkanälen im ersten bzw. zweiten Fluidpfad erzeugen, wobei über die in Längsrichtung zwischen den einzelnen Turbulenzerzeugungselementen vorhandenen Zwischenräume das erste bzw. zweite Fluid auch zwischen den einzelnen Teilkanälen ausgetauscht werden kann. Im Ergebnis führt dies zu einer gleichmäßigen Durchströmung des jeweiligen Fluidpfads unter Ausbildung einer Vielzahl von Wirbeln, was einen verbesserten Wärmaustausch zwischen den beiden, durch den ersten bzw. zweiten Fluidpfad strömenden Fluiden zur Folge hat.In an advantageous development of the invention, a line direction is defined by the at least two raster lines. The turbulence generating elements are formed longitudinally in the plan view of the first plate and each extend along a longitudinal direction. By "longitudinally" is meant that a length of the respective turbulence generating element - measured in the longitudinal direction - is at least five times, preferably ten times, most preferably twenty times, a maximum width measured transversely to the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction extends substantially transversely to the row direction. By means of such a geometry of the turbulence generation elements, a plurality of subchannels in the first and second fluid path can be produced, wherein the first or second fluid can also be exchanged between the individual subchannels via the intermediate spaces present in the longitudinal direction between the individual turbulence generation elements. As a result, this leads to a uniform flow through the respective fluid path to form a plurality of vortices, resulting in an improved heat exchange between the two, flowing through the first and second fluid path fluids.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist wenigstens ein Turbulenzerzeugungselement entlang der Längsrichtung gekrümmt ausgebildet. Bevorzugt gilt dies für alle Turbulenzerzeugungselemente wenigstens eines zweiten Fluidkanals, besonders bevorzugt für alle Turbulenzerzeugungselemente des Wärmetauschers. Mittels dieser Maßnahme wird die Ausbildung von Wirbelströmen in den Fluidpfaden weiter verstärkt.In a further preferred embodiment, at least one turbulence generating element is curved along the longitudinal direction. This preferably applies to all turbulence generation elements of at least one second fluid channel, particularly preferably to all turbulence generation elements of the heat exchanger. By means of this measure, the formation of eddy currents in the fluid paths is further enhanced.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind zwei benachbarte erste und/oder zweite Turbulenzerzeugungselemente einer Rasterzeile derart ausgebildet, dass ein quer zur Längsrichtung gemessener Abstand zwischen diesen beiden Turbulenzerzeugungselementen entlang der Längsrichtung wenigstens abschnittsweise abnimmt. Besonders bevorzugt sind alle Turbulenzerzeugungselemente derselben Rasterzeile jeweils paarweise mit einer derartigen Geometrie versehen.In a further preferred embodiment, two adjacent first and / or second turbulence generation elements of a raster line are designed such that a distance measured transversely to the longitudinal direction between these two turbulence generation elements decreases at least in sections along the longitudinal direction. Particularly preferably, all turbulence generation elements of the same raster line are each provided in pairs with such a geometry.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Wärmetauscher derart ausgebildet, dass das erste Fluid durch den ersten Fluidpfad im Wesentlichen entlang einer ersten Hauptströmungsrichtung strömt. Diese erste Hauptströmungsrichtung erstreckt sich dabei im Wesentlichen orthogonal zu einer zweiten Hauptströmungsrichtung, durch die das zweite Fluid im Wesentlichen im zweiten Fluidpfad strömt. Mit anderen Worten, die beiden Fluide strömen unter einem Winkel von im Wesentlichen 90° zueinander durch den ersten bzw. zweiten Fluidpfad. Diese Maßnahme führt zu einer erhöhten thermischen Wechselwirkung zwischen den beiden Fluiden und somit zu einer verbesserten Effizienz des Wärmetauschers.In a further preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger is designed such that the first fluid flows through the first fluid path substantially along a first main flow direction. This first main flow direction extends substantially orthogonal to a second main flow direction, through which the second fluid flows substantially in the second fluid path. In other words, the two fluids flow at an angle of substantially 90 ° to each other through the first and second fluid paths, respectively. This measure leads to an increased thermal interaction between the two fluids and thus to an improved efficiency of the heat exchanger.
Besonders zweckmäßig kann jeder im Wärmetauscher vorhandene erste Fluidpfad einen gemeinsamen ersten Fluideinlass zum Einleiten des ersten Fluids in den ersten Fluidpfad und einen Fluidauslass zu Ausleiten des ersten Fluids aus dem ersten Fluidpfad aufweisen. Vorzugsweise liegen sich der erste Fluideinlass und der erste Fluidauslass dabei in der Draufsicht auf die erste bzw. zweite Platte des den ersten bzw. zweiten Fluidpfad begrenzenden Plattenpaars im Wesentlichen gegenüber. Entsprechend weist jeder zweite Fluidpfad einen zweiten Fluideinlass zum Einleiten des zweiten Fluids in den zweiten Fluidpfad und einen gemeinsamen Fluidauslass zu Ausleiten des zweiten Fluids aus demselben zweiten Fluidpfad auf, wobei sich auch der zweite Fluideinlass und der zweite Fluidauslass in der Draufsicht auf die erste Platte im Wesentlichen gegenüberliegen. Diese Maßnahmen erlauben eine einfache Ein- und Ausleitung des ersten bzw. zweiten Fluids in den bzw. aus dem betreffenden Fluidpfad. Gleiches gilt für die Ein- bzw. Ausleitung des ersten Fluids in bzw. aus dem jeweiligen zweiten Fluidpfad. Der jeweilige gemeinsame Fluideinlass bzw. gemeinsame Fluidauslass kann integral an den jeweiligen Plattenpaaren ausgeformt sein und eine jeweilige Durchgangsöffnung enthalten. Dies mag insbesondere für den besonders bevorzugten Fall gelten, dass die Plattenpaare mit den ersten und zweiten Platten Teil eines Flachrohrs sind; in diesem Fall können die einen Fluideinlass bzw. Fluidauslass ausbildenden Durchgangsöffnungen in den Flachrohren ausgebildet sein.It is particularly expedient for each first fluid path present in the heat exchanger to have a common first fluid inlet for introducing the first fluid into the first fluid path and a fluid outlet for discharging the first fluid have the first fluid path. Preferably, the first fluid inlet and the first fluid outlet are in the plan view of the first and second plate of the first and second fluid path limiting plate pair substantially opposite. Correspondingly, each second fluid path has a second fluid inlet for introducing the second fluid into the second fluid path and a common fluid outlet for discharging the second fluid from the same second fluid path, the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet also being in plan view of the first plate in FIG Essentially opposite. These measures allow a simple introduction and discharge of the first or second fluid into or out of the respective fluid path. The same applies to the inlet and outlet of the first fluid into or out of the respective second fluid path. The respective common fluid inlet or joint fluid outlet may be formed integrally on the respective plate pairs and contain a respective passage opening. This may in particular apply to the particularly preferred case that the plate pairs with the first and second plates are part of a flat tube; In this case, the passage openings forming a fluid inlet or fluid outlet can be formed in the flat tubes.
Besonders wenig Bauraum beansprucht eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung, bei welcher der erste Fluideinlass und der zweite Fluideinlass in der Draufsicht auf die erste Platte im Wesentlichen orthogonal zueinander angeordnet sind. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können auch der erste Fluidauslass und der zweite Fluidauslass in der Draufsicht auf die erste Platte im Wesentlichen orthogonal zueinander angeordnet sein. Beide Maßnahmen, für sich genommen oder in Kombination, führen dazu, dass - bezüglich der Draufsicht auf die Plattenpaare - der erste Fluidauslass an einer ersten Seite der ersten bzw. zweiten Platte angeordnet sind. Diese Seite kann beispielsweise eine Längs- oder Querseite der Platte sein. Der zweite Fluideinlass ist dann - vorzugsweise um 90° verdreht - an der Quer- bzw. Längsseite angeordnet. Dies erleichtert die Montage der ersten und zweiten Fluideinlässe insbesondere dann, wenn eine Vielzahl von aufeinandergestapelten Plattenpaaren vorliegt und folglich für die einzelnen Fluidpfade eine Vielzahl von ersten und zweiten Fluideinlässen erforderlich ist. Eine solche Ausführungsform des Wärmetauschers erlaubt es, an der Längs- oder Querseite einen ersten Fluidverteiler bereitzustellen, der das erste Fluid auf alle ersten Fluideinlässe verteilt und hierzu mit diesen fluidisch kommuniziert. An der Quer- oder Längsseite, also vorzugsweise um 90°, verdreht kann in derselben Weise ein zweiter Fluidverteiler bereitgestellt werden, welcher zum Verteilen des zweiten Fluids auf die zweiten Fluidpfade fluidisch mit allen zweiten Fluideinlässen kommuniziert. Die beiden Fluidverteiler können also außen an verschiedenen Seiten der Plattenpaare angebracht werden, was den konstruktiven Aufwand zur Realisierung der beiden Fluidverteiler erheblich reduziert. Gleiches gilt für die Bereitstellung eines ersten und eines zweiten Fluidsammlers an der verbleibenden Längs- bzw. Querseite. Mit anderen Worten, an der verbleibenden Längs- bzw. Querseite, kann ein erster Fluidsammler bereitgestellt werden, welcher zum Sammeln des ersten Fluids nach dem Durchströmen der ersten Fluidpfade fluidisch mit allen ersten Fluidauslässen kommuniziert. Schließlich ist an der letzten verbleibenden Quer- oder Längsseite ein zweiter Fluidsammler bereitgestellt, welcher zum Sammeln des zweiten Fluids nach dem Durchströmen der zweiten Fluidpfade fluidisch mit allen zweiten Fluidauslässen kommuniziert.Particularly low space claims an advantageous development of the invention, in which the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet are arranged in the plan view of the first plate substantially orthogonal to each other. Alternatively or additionally, the first fluid outlet and the second fluid outlet can also be arranged substantially orthogonal to one another in the plan view of the first plate. Both measures taken alone or in combination lead to the first fluid outlet being arranged on a first side of the first or second plate with respect to the plan view of the plate pairs. This page may for example be a longitudinal or transverse side of the plate. The second fluid inlet is then - preferably rotated by 90 ° - arranged on the transverse or longitudinal side. This facilitates the assembly of the first and second fluid inlets, especially when there are a plurality of stacked plate pairs, and consequently a plurality of first and second fluid inlets is required for the individual fluid paths. Such an embodiment of the heat exchanger makes it possible to provide on the longitudinal or transverse side a first fluid distributor, which distributes the first fluid to all first fluid inlets and, in the process, communicates fluidically with these. Twisted on the transverse or longitudinal side, ie preferably by 90 °, a second fluid distributor can be provided in the same way, which communicates fluidically with all second fluid inlets to distribute the second fluid to the second fluid paths. The two fluid distributors can thus be mounted on the outside of different sides of the plate pairs, which significantly reduces the design effort for the realization of the two fluid manifold. The same applies to the provision of a first and a second fluid collector on the remaining longitudinal or transverse side. In other words, on the remaining longitudinal side, a first fluid collector may be provided which fluidically communicates with all first fluid outlets for collecting the first fluid after flowing through the first fluid paths. Finally, a second fluid collector is provided on the last remaining transverse or longitudinal side, which communicates fluidically with all second fluid outlets for collecting the second fluid after flowing through the second fluid paths.
Besonders wenig Bauraum in Stapelrichtung erfordert eine andere bevorzugte Ausführungsform, bei welcher die erste und zweite Platte wenigstens eines Plattenpaars Teil eines den ersten Fluidpfad begrenzenden Flachrohrs sind. Der Abstand zwischen in Stapelrichtung benachbarte Flachrohren kann in diesem Szenario als Raum für einen jeweiligen zweiten Fluidpfad dienen. Besonders bevorzugt können alle Plattenpaare jeweils Teil eines den ersten Fluidpfad begrenzenden Flachrohrs sein. In einem dazu alternativen Szenario ist es auch vorstellbar, dass eine erste Platte eines jeweiligen Plattenpaars und die in Stapelrichtung benachbarte zweite Platte, die folglich dem in Stapelrichtung benachbarten Plattenpaar zugeordnet ist, als Flachrohr ausgebildet sind, die den zweiten Fluidpfad begrenzen. In einer besonders bevorzugten Variante können alle zweiten Fluidpfade in Form vorangehend beschriebener Flachrohre realisiert sein.Particularly small installation space in the stacking direction requires another preferred embodiment in which the first and second plates of at least one pair of plates are part of a flat tube delimiting the first fluid path. The distance between stack pipes adjacent in the stacking direction may serve as a space for a respective second fluid path in this scenario. Particularly preferably, all plate pairs can each be part of a flat tube delimiting the first fluid path. In an alternative scenario, it is also conceivable that a first plate of a respective plate pair and the adjacent in the stacking direction second plate, which is thus assigned to the stack adjacent plate pair, are formed as a flat tube, which define the second fluid path. In a particularly preferred variant, all second fluid paths can be realized in the form of flat tubes described above.
Besonders zweckmäßig können die erste und zweite Platte der Plattenpaare komplementär zueinander ausgebildet sein, wobei an den der jeweils anderen Platte zugewandten Innenseiten eine Kanalstruktur ausgebildet ist. Eine solche Kanalstruktur kann beispielsweise eine meanderartige oder Geometrie aufweisen. In Varianten sind auch andere Geometrien vorstellbar, die in den Platten auf besonders einfache und flexible Weise durch Verwendung des bereits genannten additiven Herstellungsverfahrens erzeugt werden können.Particularly expediently, the first and second plates of the plate pairs can be designed to be complementary to one another, a channel structure being formed on the inner sides facing the respective other plate. Such a channel structure may for example have a meander-like or geometry. In variants, other geometries are conceivable that can be generated in the plates in a particularly simple and flexible manner by using the aforementioned additive manufacturing process.
Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Komponenten beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.
Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch
- Fig. 1
- ein Beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers 1 in einem Längsschnitt entlang einer Stapelrichtung S der Plattenpaare 2 des Wärmetauschers,
- Fig. 2
- einen Ausschnitt des Wärmetauschers der
Figur 1 in einer perspektiven Ansicht, - Fig. 3
- den
Wärmetauscher der Figur 1 in einer Schnittdarstellung entlang der Schnittlinie III-III der Figur 1 .
- Fig. 1
- an example of a
heat exchanger 1 according to the invention in a longitudinal section along a stacking direction S of the plate pairs 2 of the heat exchanger, - Fig. 2
- a section of the heat exchanger of
FIG. 1 in a perspective view, - Fig. 3
- the heat exchanger of
FIG. 1 in a sectional view along the section line III-III ofFIG. 1 ,
Entsprechend
Wie die
Das additive Herstellungsverfahren kann auch das sogenannte Laserschmelzverfahren umfassen. Dies bedeutet, dass zum Herstellen der Plattenpaare 2 und der Turbulenzerzeugungselemente 6, im Extremfall zum Herstellen des gesamten Wärmetauschers 1, ein Laserschmelzverfahren verwendet wird. Mittels eines solchen Verfahrens können die oben genannten Komponenten des Wärmetauschers direkt aus 3D-CAD-Daten hergestellt werden. Grundsätzlich werden die genannten Komponenten des Wärmetauschers 1 beim Laserschmelzverfahren werkzeuglos und schichtweise auf Basis eines dem Wärmetauscher 1 zugeordneten dreidimensionalen CAD-Modells gefertigt.The additive manufacturing process may also include the so-called laser melting process. This means that for producing the plate pairs 2 and the Turbulence generating elements 6, in an extreme case for producing the
Betrachtet man die Darstellung der
Wie der
Wie
Die in einer bestimmten Zeilenrichtung Z benachbarten Turbulenzerzeugungselemente 6 einer jeweiligen Rasterzeile 9 können Elementpaare 12 ausbilden. Die beiden Turbulenzerzeugungselemente 6 eines jeweiligen Elementpaars 12 können bezüglich einer Symmetrieachse A, die in der Draufsicht auf die erste bzw. zweite Platte 3a, 3b entlang der Längsrichtung L verläuft, achsensymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sein. Auf diese Weise wird eine besonders vorteilhafte Anordnungsgeometrie der Turbulenzerzeugungselemente 6 realisiert, die eine besonders ausgeprägte Wirbelströmung im ersten bzw. zweiten Fluid F2 bewirkt und somit zu einem verbesserten Wärmeaustausch zwischen den beiden Fluiden F1, F2 beim Durchströmen der Fluidpfade 4a, 4b im Wärmetauscher 1 führt. Auch eine solche achsensymmetrische Anordnung einer Vielzahl von Elementpaaren 12 lässt sich durch Verwendung eines additiven Herstellungsverfahrens besonders einfach und präzise verwirklichen.The turbulence generation elements 6 of a
Der
Die erste und zweite Platte 3a, 3b der Plattenpaare 2 können jeweils Teil eines den ersten und/oder zweiten Fluidpfad 4a, 4b begrenzenden Flachrohrs sein (nicht gezeigt). Dies erlaubt eine Fertigung des Wärmetauschers 1 in Flachbauweise. In diesem Fall können die beiden Platten 3a, 3b eines jeweiligen Plattenpaars 2 komplementär zueinander ausgebildet sein. Insbesondere kann an den der jeweils anderen Platte zugewandten Innenseite 11 eine Kanalstruktur ausgebildet sein. Eine solche Kanalstruktur kann beispielsweise eine meanderartige oder Geometrie aufweisen. In Varianten sind auch andere Geometrien vorstellbar, die in den Platten 3a, 3b auf besonders einfache und flexible Weise durch Verwendung des bereits genannten additiven Herstellungsverfahrens erzeugt werden können.The first and
Es versteht sich, dass in den vorangehend erläuterten Figuren nur die wesentlichen Komponenten des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers 1 in schematischer Darstellung dargestellt sind. Konstruktive Details, die dem einschlägigen Fachmann aus seinem Fachwissen heraus bekannt sind, sind in den Figuren der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht dargestellt.It is understood that in the above-explained figures, only the essential components of the
Der Wärmetauscher 1 kann einstückig ausgebildet sein. Eine solche, einstückige Ausbildung bildet sich insbesondere bei Verwendung des vorangehend vorgestellten additiven Herstellungsverfahrens, insbesondere des Laserschmelzens, an. Bei einer einstückigen Ausbildung des Wärmetauschers entfällt das sehr aufwändige und somit kostenintensive Befestigen der einzelnen Komponenten des Wärmetauschers aneinander. Es versteht sich, dass im Falle einer einstückigen Ausbildung des Wärmetauschers 1 die vorliegend verwendeten Bezeichnungen wie z.B. "erste Platte 3a" gültig bleiben.The
Claims (15)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Turbulenzerzeugungselemente (6) integral an der ersten und/oder zweiten Platte (3a, 3b) ausgeformt sind.Heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the turbulence generating elements (6) are formed integrally on the first and / or second plate (3a, 3b).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
characterized in that
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das additive Herstellungsverfahren Laserschmelzverfahren umfasst.Heat exchanger according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the additive manufacturing method comprises laser melting.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Turbulenzerzeugungselemente (6) jeweils als von der ersten und zweiten Platte (3a, 3b) abstehende Leitschaufeln ausgebildet sind.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
the turbulence generating elements (6) are each formed as vanes projecting from the first and second plates (3a, 3b).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Mehrzahl von Turbulenzerzeugungselementen (6) in einer Draufsicht auf die erste oder zweite Platte (3a, 3b) rasterartig mit wenigstens zwei Rasterzeilen (9) auf der ersten und/oder zweiten Platte (3a, 3b) angeordnet ist.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
the plurality of turbulence generating elements (6) are arranged in a raster-like manner with at least two raster lines (9) on the first and / or second plate (3a, 3b) in a plan view of the first or second plate (3a, 3b).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
characterized in that
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
wenigstens ein Turbulenzerzeugungselement (6), vorzugsweise alle Turbulenzerzeugungselemente (6) in der Längsrichtung (L) gekrümmt ausgebildet sind.Heat exchanger according to claim 7,
characterized in that
at least one turbulence generating element (6), preferably all turbulence generating elements (6) are curved in the longitudinal direction (L).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
zwei benachbarte Turbulenzerzeugungselemente (6) einer Rasterzeile (9) derart ausgebildet sind, dass ein quer zur Längsrichtung (L) gemessener Abstand (a) zwischen diesen beiden Turbulenzerzeugungselementen (6) entlang der Längsrichtung (L) wenigstens abschnittsweise abnimmt.Heat exchanger according to claim 7 or 8,
characterized in that
two adjacent turbulence generation elements (6) of a raster line (9) are formed such that a distance (a) measured transversely to the longitudinal direction (L) between these two turbulence generation elements (6) decreases at least in sections along the longitudinal direction (L).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die in Zeilenrichtung (Z) benachbarten Turbulenzerzeugungselemente (6) Elementpaare (12) ausbilden, wobei die beiden Turbulenzerzeugungselemente (6) eines jeweiligen Elementpaars (12) bezüglich einer Symmetrieachse (A), die in der Draufsicht auf die erste oder zweite Platte entlang der Längsrichtung (L) verläuft, achsensymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sind.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 7 to 9,
characterized in that
the turbulence generating elements (6) adjacent in the row direction (Z) form pairs of elements (12), wherein the two turbulence generating elements (6) of a respective element pair (12) with respect to an axis of symmetry (A) in plan view of the first or second plate along the longitudinal direction (L) runs, are arranged axially symmetrically to each other.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Wärmetauscher derart ausgebildet ist, dass das erste Fluid (F1) durch den ersten Fluidpfad (4a) im Wesentlichen entlang einer ersten Hauptströmungsrichtung (R1) strömt, welche sich im Wesentlichen orthogonal zu einer zweiten Hauptströmungsrichtung (R2) erstreckt, durch die das zweite Fluid (F2) im zweiten Fluidpfad (4b) strömt.Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the heat exchanger is configured such that the first fluid (F 1 ) flows through the first fluid path (4a) substantially along a first main flow direction (R 1 ) that extends substantially orthogonal to a second main flow direction (R 2 ) through which the second fluid (F 2 ) flows in the second fluid path (4b).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
characterized in that
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
characterized in that
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die erste und zweite Platte (3a, 3b) wenigstens eines Plattenpaars (2) Teil eines den ersten und/oder zweiten Fluidpfad (4a, 4b) begrenzenden Flachrohrs sind.Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the first and second plates (3a, 3b) of at least one plate pair (2) are part of a flat tube delimiting the first and / or second fluid path (4a, 4b).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die erste und zweite Platte (3a, 3b) eines Plattenpaars (2) komplementär zueinander ausgebildet sind, wobei an den der jeweils anderen Platte (3a, 3b) zugewandten Innenseite (11) der beiden Platten (3a, 3b) eine Kanalstruktur ausgebildet ist.Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the first and second plates (3a, 3b) of a plate pair (2) are complementary to one another, wherein a channel structure is formed on the inner side (11) of the two plates (3a, 3b) facing the respective other plate (3a, 3b).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102015203472.0A DE102015203472A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2015-02-26 | Heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle |
Publications (2)
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EP3062054A1 true EP3062054A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
EP3062054B1 EP3062054B1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
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EP16153327.8A Active EP3062054B1 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2016-01-29 | Heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle |
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DE (1) | DE102015203472A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3057057A1 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-06 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT EXCHANGER THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING |
WO2019073277A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-18 | Volvo Truck Corporation | A heat exchanger and an additive manufacturing method for manufacturing a heat exchanger |
US20190162483A1 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-05-30 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Cooling apparatus |
CN113834368A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2021-12-24 | 河北工业大学 | Three-dimensional variable cross-section turbulence column structure, heat exchange plate and heat exchanger core |
EP3519753B1 (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2022-08-24 | Safran Aero Boosters SA | Matrix for an air/oil heat exchanger of a jet engine |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20180292146A1 (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Partially additively manufactured heat exchanger |
DE102018219626A1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-20 | Mahle International Gmbh | Heat exchanger |
JP7208053B2 (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2023-01-18 | 株式会社Subaru | Cooling system |
DE202019102083U1 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2019-04-18 | Mahle International Gmbh | Coolant flow through corrugated fin assembly and motor vehicle component |
DE102019110262A1 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-22 | Hans Quack | Plate-fin heat exchanger |
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JPS55152397A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-11-27 | Hitachi Ltd | Plate type heat exchanger |
GB2424265A (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-09-20 | Timothy Frank Brise | Heat Exchanger including Heat Exchange Tubes with Integral Fins |
US20150027667A1 (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Cale Patrick Collins Kaupp | Condensing heat recovery unit for a portable fluid heater |
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FR2795166B1 (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-09-07 | Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa | PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER, PARTICULARLY FOR THE COOLING OF A MOTOR VEHICLE OIL |
GB0427362D0 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2005-01-19 | Sustainable Engine Systems Ltd | Heat exchanger |
ITPN20080042A1 (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-21 | Parker Hiross Spa | COMPRESSED GAS DRYER REFRIGERATED WITH PERFECT HEAT EXCHANGERS |
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JPS55152397A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-11-27 | Hitachi Ltd | Plate type heat exchanger |
GB2424265A (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-09-20 | Timothy Frank Brise | Heat Exchanger including Heat Exchange Tubes with Integral Fins |
US20150027667A1 (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Cale Patrick Collins Kaupp | Condensing heat recovery unit for a portable fluid heater |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3519753B1 (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2022-08-24 | Safran Aero Boosters SA | Matrix for an air/oil heat exchanger of a jet engine |
FR3057057A1 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-06 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT EXCHANGER THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING |
WO2019073277A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-18 | Volvo Truck Corporation | A heat exchanger and an additive manufacturing method for manufacturing a heat exchanger |
US11788801B2 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2023-10-17 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Heat exchanger and an additive manufacturing method for manufacturing a heat exchanger |
US20190162483A1 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-05-30 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Cooling apparatus |
CN113834368A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2021-12-24 | 河北工业大学 | Three-dimensional variable cross-section turbulence column structure, heat exchange plate and heat exchanger core |
CN113834368B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-07-25 | 河北工业大学 | Three-dimensional variable cross-section vortex column structure, heat exchange plate and heat exchanger core |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102015203472A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
EP3062054B1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
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