EP3053179B1 - Device and method for switching a direct current - Google Patents

Device and method for switching a direct current Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3053179B1
EP3053179B1 EP13814053.8A EP13814053A EP3053179B1 EP 3053179 B1 EP3053179 B1 EP 3053179B1 EP 13814053 A EP13814053 A EP 13814053A EP 3053179 B1 EP3053179 B1 EP 3053179B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
switch
branch
operating current
current branch
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EP13814053.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3053179A1 (en
Inventor
Dominik ERGIN
Hans-Joachim Knaak
Mojtaba Mohaddes Khorassani
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for switching a direct current.
  • the device comprises an operating current branch, in which a mechanical switch is arranged, a circuit breaker connected to the operating current branch for interrupting the flow of current in the operating current branch, a capacitor branch arranged in a parallel circuit to the operating current branch, in which a capacitor is arranged, and a damping device, which is a resistance element includes.
  • Switching devices of this type are usually connected to an electrical DC voltage line or a DC voltage network and serve to interrupt the direct current carrying line in case of error.
  • the mechanical switch and the circuit breaker are closed, so that the operating current flows through the operating current branch.
  • the short-circuit current is commutated to the capacitor branch, whereby the capacitor is charged. In this case, a reverse voltage is built, whereby the device is de-energized.
  • the damping device according to the WO 2013/093066 A1 is arranged in parallel to the operating current branch and intended to enable reclosing of the device after a shutdown in case of failure within a short time.
  • the switching element In the known device is in a series circuit to the damping device, a further switching element. After a fault, the switching element can be closed with the circuit breaker open and the mechanical switch open, so that the capacitor can discharge via the damping device. This way is a fast one Restart the device allows.
  • the same voltage dimensioning is necessary in the known device for the additional switching element, as for the circuit breaker, which should switch the current in the operating current branch. This leads to increased costs of the additional switching element.
  • the document WO2013 / 092873 discloses an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a device of the type mentioned, which is inexpensive.
  • the damping device is arranged in the capacitor branch in a series circuit to the capacitor or in the operating current branch in a series circuit to the mechanical switch, wherein the damping device can be bridged by means arranged in a parallel circuit to the damping device bridging switch.
  • the bypass switch is closed in normal operation. If an error occurs, the capacitor in the capacitor branch can be charged until the current drops to zero due to the counter-voltage built up. With the circuit breaker open and the mechanical switch open, the bypass switch can be opened so that the capacitor can discharge via the damping device as soon as the mechanical switch is closed again.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage that the dimensioning of the dielectric strength of the bypass switch can be reduced. Because after charging the capacitor and opening the circuit breaker, the entire capacitor voltage drops only transiently at the bypass switch alone. In this way, the overall cost of the device can be reduced, since the bypass switch does not have to be designed for a continuous voltage higher than the maximum capacitor voltage, but only for an impulse load during the discharging process.
  • the resistance element of the damping device In order to ensure the function of restarting the device after a short interruption, the resistance element of the damping device must be configured according to the energy optionally stored in the capacitor. Since an inductance can be assigned to each resistance element in addition to a resistance value, these two values must fulfill predetermined requirements for the desired time interval between the disconnection and the reclosing.
  • the resistance element has an electrical resistance and an inductance whose values allow a discharge of the fully charged capacitor via the damping device within a period of 50 ms to 500 ms, particularly preferably 100 ms to 250 ms.
  • the damping device comprises a separate coil element.
  • the coil element forms a parallel circuit with the resistance element.
  • the damping device formed in this way limits the peak value of the discharge current and absorbs the energy stored in the capacitor particularly effectively.
  • the device further comprises a varistor, for example a metal oxide varistor, which is connected in a parallel circuit to the capacitor and to the operating current branch.
  • a varistor for example a metal oxide varistor, which is connected in a parallel circuit to the capacitor and to the operating current branch.
  • a limiting voltage can be defined, which can be built up maximum during charging of the capacitor.
  • the varistor must be designed such that the limiting voltage is greater than a mains voltage of the DC voltage network to which the device is connected.
  • the device further comprises a power semiconductor switch, which in a series circuit to the mechanical switch in the operating current branch is arranged.
  • the current in the operating current branch initially rises approximately linearly.
  • the power semiconductor switch is adapted to switch off in such a case with the smallest possible time delay, preferably in the microsecond range, whereby the further increasing current is commutated into the capacitor branch.
  • the opening of the mechanical switch is set in motion.
  • the mechanical switch is then opened, so that the power semiconductor switch is not damaged by the high voltage applied (up to several hundred kilovolts).
  • the device may be designed as a unidirectional or bidirectional switch.
  • the use of the power electronic switch also results in advantageous that the mechanical switch can be opened without current (whereby arcing can be avoided), and that the mechanical switch does not have to provide the necessary commutation voltage.
  • the capacitor arranged in the capacitor branch preferably has a capacitance value which lies between 25 ⁇ F and 200 ⁇ F.
  • the bypass switch is a mechanical circuit breaker.
  • the mechanical disconnector uses, for example, an electromagnetic force to open and close its contacts.
  • the bypass switch is a circuit breaker, for example, a common AC voltage switch.
  • the bypass switch can always be switched in a de-energized state of the device.
  • the requirements for the switching time of the bypass switch are therefore in the usual range of AC technology, preferably in the range of less than 100 ms.
  • the bypass switch is arranged in the operating current branch is to pre-charge by means of the device, for example, a cable, for example, a cable on the device, via the damping device.
  • the bypass switch is opened before connecting the line by means of the circuit breaker. Any charge current thus flows through the attenuator, thereby reducing a peak and load on all components in the network. Once the current is reduced to a predetermined value, the bypass switch can be closed and normal operation can be started.
  • bypass switch is arranged in the operating current branch, then a further advantage of the device can be seen in the fact that, in the event of a fault, a residual current is to be commutated from the operating current branch to the capacitor branch, if necessary immediately the mechanical switch and the bypass switch can be opened immediately.
  • the invention relates to a method for switching the direct current by means of the device according to the species.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an alternative method for switching the direct current by means of the device according to the species.
  • the object is achieved by the method in which the bypass switch is opened in the event of a fault after opening the circuit breaker and the capacitor is discharged via the operating current branch and the damping device.
  • the bypass switch is closed only after discharging the capacitor and after closing the circuit breaker. If the bypass switch is arranged in the operating current branch, the current flows after the device has been switched on by closing the circuit breaker first for a limited time via the damping device. As a result, the current peak value and thus the load of a downstream component of the device can be reduced. For the normal operation, the bypass switch is closed again after a predetermined time.
  • FIG. 1 a first embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention for switching a DC current.
  • the device 1 has two terminals 141, 142, by means of which the device 1 is connected to a DC voltage network.
  • the current direction is indicated by the arrow 13.
  • the device 1 comprises an operating current branch 2 and a capacitor branch 5, wherein the capacitor branch 5 is connected in parallel to the operating current branch 2.
  • the device 1 has a varistor branch 15, wherein the varistor branch 15 is arranged in a parallel connection to the capacitor branch 5 and to the operating current branch 2.
  • a mechanical switch 3 and a power semiconductor switch 12 are arranged, wherein the mechanical switch 3 and the power semiconductor switch 12 are connected in a series circuit.
  • a capacitor 6 is arranged in the capacitor branch 5, a capacitor 6 is arranged.
  • a metal oxide varistor 11 is arranged in the varistor branch 15, a metal oxide varistor 11 is arranged.
  • the device 1 further comprises a damping device 7, which is arranged in a series circuit to the mechanical switch 3.
  • a bypass switch 9 is arranged, by means of which the damping device can be bridged.
  • the damping device 7 comprises a coil element 10 and a resistance element 8, wherein the coil element 10 and the resistance element 8 are arranged in a parallel circuit to each other.
  • the mechanical switch 3 and the bypass switch 9 are designed as mechanical disconnectors.
  • the power semiconductor switch 12 is designed such that the device 1 can be used as a bidirectional switch.
  • the device 1 further comprises a circuit breaker 4, which is adapted to interrupt the flow of current in the operating current branch 2.
  • a load current flows through the circuit breaker 4, the mechanical switch 3, the half-circuit breaker 12 and the bypass switch 9 in the operating current branch 2.
  • an error occurs in the operating current branch 2 to a corresponding increase in current.
  • an in FIG. 1 not shown control unit the mechanical switch 3 and the power semiconductor switch 12 to turn off.
  • the power semiconductor switch 12 is therefore locked and the mechanical switch 3 is opened.
  • the current from the operating current branch is commutated to the capacitor branch 5.
  • the circuit breaker 4 is also opened, initially the current continues to flow through the capacitor branch.
  • the capacitor 6 is charged until a voltage across the capacitor 6 drops, which is greater than the mains voltage.
  • the maximum voltage to which the capacitor 6 is charged is defined by the dissipating varistor 11.
  • the current flowing through the device 1 is thereby forced to zero, thus extinguishing a possible arc in the circuit breaker 4.
  • the capacitor 6 is charged to about twice the nominal voltage. If now the device 1 is switched on again within a short time, the energy stored in the capacitor must first be released.
  • the bypass switch 9 can be opened. If the shutdown of the device 1 is completed by the extinction of the arc in the circuit breaker 4, the switches 3, 12 can be closed again. About the mechanical switch 3, which is now closed, the power semiconductor switch 12, the damping device 7, the capacitor 6 now closes a circuit through which the capacitor 6 can be discharged. The coil element 10 and the resistance element 8 of the damping device 7 thereby ensure a limitation of the peak value of the discharge current and for absorption of the stored energy of the capacitor 6. As soon as the capacitor 6 is discharged, the bypass switch 9 can be closed again. The circuit is thus ready for the renewed connection of the device 1. The connection of the device 1 via the closing of the circuit breaker. 4
  • FIG. 2 a second embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically. Similar elements in the Figures 1 and 2 are each provided with the same reference numerals. To avoid repetition is therefore in the following description of the FIG. 2 only on those elements, which the embodiment of the FIG. 2 from the embodiment of FIG. 1 differ.
  • the damping device 7 in a series circuit arranged to the capacitor 6 in the capacitor branch 5.
  • the bypass switch 9 is connected in a parallel circuit to the damping device 7, wherein the damping device 7 can be bridged by means of the lock-up switch 9.
  • the operation of the device 1 according to the FIG. 2 corresponds substantially to the operation of the device 1 of FIG. 1 ,
  • the current flowing through the device 1 is thereby forced to zero, thus extinguishing a possible arc in the circuit breaker 4.
  • the capacitor 6 is charged to about twice the nominal voltage. If now the device 1 is switched on again within a short time, the energy stored in the capacitor must first be released.
  • the bypass switch 9 can be opened. Furthermore, the switches 3, 12 can be closed again. About the mechanical Switch 3, the power semiconductor switch 12, the damping device 7 and the capacitor 6 now closes a circuit through which the capacitor 6 can be discharged. The coil element 10 and the resistance element 8 of the damping device 7 thereby ensure a limitation of the peak value of the discharge current and for absorption of the stored energy of the capacitor 6. As soon as the capacitor 6 is discharged, the bypass switch 9 can be closed again. The circuit is thus ready for the renewed connection of the device 1. The connection of the device 1 via the closing of the circuit breaker. 4

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Schalten eines Gleichstromes. Die Vorrichtung umfasst einen Betriebsstromzweig, in dem ein mechanischer Schalter angeordnet ist, einen mit dem Betriebsstromzweig verbundenen Schutzschalter zum Unterbrechen des Stromflusses im Betriebsstromzweig, einen in einer Parallelschaltung zum Betriebsstromzweig angeordneten Kondensatorzweig, in dem ein Kondensator angeordnet ist, sowie eine Dämpfungseinrichtung, die ein Widerstandselement umfasst.The invention relates to a device for switching a direct current. The device comprises an operating current branch, in which a mechanical switch is arranged, a circuit breaker connected to the operating current branch for interrupting the flow of current in the operating current branch, a capacitor branch arranged in a parallel circuit to the operating current branch, in which a capacitor is arranged, and a damping device, which is a resistance element includes.

Schaltvorrichtungen solcher Art werden üblicherweise an eine elektrische Gleichspannungsleitung oder ein Gleichspannungsnetz angeschlossen und dienen dazu, im Fehlerfall die Gleichstrom führende Leitung zu unterbrechen. In einem Normalbetrieb der Vorrichtung sind der mechanische Schalter sowie der Schutzschalter geschlossen, so dass der Betriebsstrom über den Betriebsstromzweig fließt. Im Kurzschlussfall wird der Kurzschlussstrom auf den Kondensatorzweig kommutiert, wobei der Kondensator aufgeladen wird. Dabei wird eine Gegenspannung aufgebaut, wodurch die Vorrichtung stromlos wird.Switching devices of this type are usually connected to an electrical DC voltage line or a DC voltage network and serve to interrupt the direct current carrying line in case of error. In a normal operation of the device, the mechanical switch and the circuit breaker are closed, so that the operating current flows through the operating current branch. In the event of a short circuit, the short-circuit current is commutated to the capacitor branch, whereby the capacitor is charged. In this case, a reverse voltage is built, whereby the device is de-energized.

So ist die eingangs genannte Vorrichtung beispielsweise in der WO 2013/093066 A1 offenbart. Die Dämpfungseinrichtung gemäß der WO 2013/093066 A1 ist in Parallelschaltung zum Betriebsstromzweig angeordnet und dazu vorgesehen, eine Wiedereinschaltung der Vorrichtung nach einer Abschaltung in einem Fehlerfall innerhalb kurzer Zeit zu ermöglichen.Thus, the device mentioned above, for example, in the WO 2013/093066 A1 disclosed. The damping device according to the WO 2013/093066 A1 is arranged in parallel to the operating current branch and intended to enable reclosing of the device after a shutdown in case of failure within a short time.

Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung liegt in einer Reihenschaltung zu der Dämpfungseinrichtung ein weiteres Schaltelement. Nach einem Fehlerfall kann bei geöffnetem Schutzschalter sowie geöffnetem mechanischen Schalter das Schaltelement geschlossen werden, so dass sich der Kondensator über die Dämpfungseinrichtung entladen kann. Auf diese Weise ist ein schnelles Wiedereinschalten der Vorrichtung ermöglicht. Allerdings ist bei der bekannten Vorrichtung für das zusätzliche Schaltelement die gleiche Spannungsdimensionierung notwendig, wie für den Schutzschalter, die den Strom im Betriebsstromzweig schalten soll. Dies führt zu erhöhten Kosten des zusätzlichen Schaltelements.In the known device is in a series circuit to the damping device, a further switching element. After a fault, the switching element can be closed with the circuit breaker open and the mechanical switch open, so that the capacitor can discharge via the damping device. This way is a fast one Restart the device allows. However, the same voltage dimensioning is necessary in the known device for the additional switching element, as for the circuit breaker, which should switch the current in the operating current branch. This leads to increased costs of the additional switching element.

Das Dokument WO2013/092873 offenbart eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, die kostengünstig ist.The document WO2013 / 092873 discloses an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1. The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a device of the type mentioned, which is inexpensive.

Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass die Dämpfungseinrichtung im Kondensatorzweig in einer Reihenschaltung zum Kondensator oder im Betriebsstromzweig in einer Reihenschaltung zum mechanischen Schalter angeordnet ist, wobei die Dämpfungseinrichtung mittels eines in einer Parallelschaltung zur Dämpfungseinrichtung angeordneten Überbrückungsschalters überbrückbar ist.The object is achieved in that the damping device is arranged in the capacitor branch in a series circuit to the capacitor or in the operating current branch in a series circuit to the mechanical switch, wherein the damping device can be bridged by means arranged in a parallel circuit to the damping device bridging switch.

Der Überbrückungsschalter ist im Normalbetrieb geschlossen. Kommt es zu einem Fehlerfall, so kann der Kondensator im Kondensatorzweig aufgeladen werden, bis der Strom durch die aufgebaute Gegenspannung auf null sinkt. Bei geöffnetem Schutzschalter sowie geöffnetem mechanischen Schalter kann der Überbrückungsschalter geöffnet werden, so dass sich der Kondensator über die Dämpfungseinrichtung entladen kann, sobald der mechanische Schalter wieder geschlossen wird.The bypass switch is closed in normal operation. If an error occurs, the capacitor in the capacitor branch can be charged until the current drops to zero due to the counter-voltage built up. With the circuit breaker open and the mechanical switch open, the bypass switch can be opened so that the capacitor can discharge via the damping device as soon as the mechanical switch is closed again.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung hat den Vorteil, dass die Dimensionierung der Spannungsfestigkeit des Überbrückungsschalters heruntergesetzt werden kann. Denn nach der Aufladung des Kondensators und dem Öffnen des Schutzschalters fällt die gesamte Kondensatorspannung nur transient am Überbrückungsschalter allein ab. Auf diese Weise können die Gesamtkosten der Vorrichtung reduziert werden, da der Überbrückungsschalter nicht für eine Dauerspannung in Höher der maximalen Kondensatorspannung ausgelegt werden muss, sondern nur für eine Impulsbelastung während des Entladevorgangs.The device according to the invention has the advantage that the dimensioning of the dielectric strength of the bypass switch can be reduced. Because after charging the capacitor and opening the circuit breaker, the entire capacitor voltage drops only transiently at the bypass switch alone. In this way, the overall cost of the device can be reduced, since the bypass switch does not have to be designed for a continuous voltage higher than the maximum capacitor voltage, but only for an impulse load during the discharging process.

Um die Funktion des Wiedereinschaltens der Vorrichtung nach einer Kurzunterbrechung zu gewährleisten, muss das Widerstandselement der Dämpfungseinrichtung entsprechend der im Kondensator gegebenenfalls gespeicherten Energie ausgestaltet werden. Da einem jeden Widerstandselement außer einem Widerstandswert auch eine Induktivität zugeordnet werden kann, müssen diese beiden Werte vorbestimmte Anforderungen an die gewünschte Zeitspanne zwischen der Abschaltung und der Wiedereinschaltung erfüllen. Vorzugsweise weist das Widerstandselement einen elektrischen Widerstand und eine Induktivität auf, deren Werte eine Entladung des voll aufgeladenen Kondensators über die Dämpfungseinrichtung innerhalb einer Zeitspanne von 50 ms bis 500 ms, besonders bevorzugt von 100 ms bis 250 ms, erlauben.In order to ensure the function of restarting the device after a short interruption, the resistance element of the damping device must be configured according to the energy optionally stored in the capacitor. Since an inductance can be assigned to each resistance element in addition to a resistance value, these two values must fulfill predetermined requirements for the desired time interval between the disconnection and the reclosing. Preferably, the resistance element has an electrical resistance and an inductance whose values allow a discharge of the fully charged capacitor via the damping device within a period of 50 ms to 500 ms, particularly preferably 100 ms to 250 ms.

Als vorteilhaft kann es sich beispielsweise erweisen, wenn die Dämpfungseinrichtung ein separates Spulenelement umfasst. Das Spulenelement bildet dabei mit dem Widerstandselement eine Parallelschaltung. Die derart ausgebildete Dämpfungseinrichtung begrenzt dabei den Spitzenwert des Entladestromes und absorbiert die im Kondensator gespeicherte Energie besonders effektiv.For example, it can prove to be advantageous if the damping device comprises a separate coil element. The coil element forms a parallel circuit with the resistance element. The damping device formed in this way limits the peak value of the discharge current and absorbs the energy stored in the capacitor particularly effectively.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst die Vorrichtung ferner einen Varistor, beispielsweise einen Metalloxid-Varistor, der in einer Parallelschaltung zum Kondensator sowie zum Betriebsstromzweig geschaltet ist. Mittels des Varistors kann eine Begrenzungsspannung definiert werden, welche beim Aufladen des Kondensators maximal aufgebaut werden kann. Der Varistor muss dabei derart ausgebildet sein, dass die Begrenzungsspannung größer als eine Netzspannung des Gleichspannungsnetzes ist, an das die Vorrichtung angeschlossen ist.According to one embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a varistor, for example a metal oxide varistor, which is connected in a parallel circuit to the capacitor and to the operating current branch. By means of the varistor, a limiting voltage can be defined, which can be built up maximum during charging of the capacitor. The varistor must be designed such that the limiting voltage is greater than a mains voltage of the DC voltage network to which the device is connected.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst die Vorrichtung ferner einen Leistungshalbleiterschalter, der in einer Reihenschaltung zum mechanischen Schalter im Betriebsstromzweig angeordnet ist. Im Kurzschlussfall steigt der Strom im Betriebsstromzweig zunächst annähernd linear an. Der Leistungshalbleiterschalter ist dazu eingerichtet, in einem solchen Fall mit möglichst kleiner Zeitverzögerung, vorzugsweise im Mikrosekundenbereich, abzuschalten, wodurch der weiter ansteigende Strom in den Kondensatorzweig kommutiert wird. Gleichzeitig wird das Öffnen des mechanischen Schalters in Gang gesetzt. Der mechanische Schalter wird dann geöffnet, so dass der Leistungshalbleiterschalter durch die hohe anliegende Spannung (von bis zu mehreren Hundert Kilovolt) nicht beschädigt wird. Je nach Ausbildung des Leistungshalbleiterschalters kann die Vorrichtung als uni- oder bidirektionaler Schalter ausgebildet sein. Durch die Verwendung des leistungselektronischen Schalters ergibt sich ferner vorteilhaft, dass der mechanische Schalter stromlos geöffnet werden kann (wodurch Lichtbogenentstehung vermieden werden kann), und dass der mechanische Schalter nicht die notwendige Kommutierungssspannung bereitstellen muss.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a power semiconductor switch, which in a series circuit to the mechanical switch in the operating current branch is arranged. In the event of a short circuit, the current in the operating current branch initially rises approximately linearly. The power semiconductor switch is adapted to switch off in such a case with the smallest possible time delay, preferably in the microsecond range, whereby the further increasing current is commutated into the capacitor branch. At the same time, the opening of the mechanical switch is set in motion. The mechanical switch is then opened, so that the power semiconductor switch is not damaged by the high voltage applied (up to several hundred kilovolts). Depending on the design of the power semiconductor switch, the device may be designed as a unidirectional or bidirectional switch. The use of the power electronic switch also results in advantageous that the mechanical switch can be opened without current (whereby arcing can be avoided), and that the mechanical switch does not have to provide the necessary commutation voltage.

Bevorzugt weist der im Kondensatorzweig angeordnete Kondensator einen Kapazitätswert, der zwischen 25 µF und 200 µF liegt.The capacitor arranged in the capacitor branch preferably has a capacitance value which lies between 25 μF and 200 μF.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Überbrückungsschalter ein mechanischer Trennschalter. Der mechanische Trennschalter nutzt beispielsweise eine elektromagnetische Kraftwirkung zum Öffnen und Schließen seiner Kontakte. Es ist allerdings ebenso denkbar, dass der Überbrückungsschalter ein Leistungsschalter, beispielsweise ein gebräuchlicher Wechselspannungsschalter ist. Der Überbrückungsschalter kann stets in einem stromlosen Zustand der Vorrichtung geschaltet werden. Die Anforderungen an die Schaltzeit des Überbrückungsschalters liegen daher im üblichen Bereich der Wechselspannungstechnik, vorzugsweise im Bereich von weniger als 100 ms.According to one embodiment of the invention, the bypass switch is a mechanical circuit breaker. The mechanical disconnector uses, for example, an electromagnetic force to open and close its contacts. However, it is also conceivable that the bypass switch is a circuit breaker, for example, a common AC voltage switch. The bypass switch can always be switched in a de-energized state of the device. The requirements for the switching time of the bypass switch are therefore in the usual range of AC technology, preferably in the range of less than 100 ms.

Über die zuvor beschriebene Funktion hinaus ist es möglich, falls der Überbrückungsschalter im Betriebsstromzweig angeordnet ist, mittels der Vorrichtung eine beispielsweise auf die Vorrichtung folgende Leitung, zum Beispiel ein Kabel, über die Dämpfungseinrichtung vorzuladen. Dazu wird vor dem Zuschalten der Leitung mittels des Schutzschalters der Überbrückungsschalter geöffnet. Ein etwaiger Ladestrom fließt somit über die Dämpfungseinrichtung, wodurch ein Spitzenwert und die Belastung für alle Komponenten im Netz reduziert werden. Sobald der Strom auf einen vorbestimmten Wert reduziert ist, kann der Überbrückungsschalter geschlossen und der Normalbetrieb aufgenommen werden.Beyond the function described above, it is possible if the bypass switch is arranged in the operating current branch is to pre-charge by means of the device, for example, a cable, for example, a cable on the device, via the damping device. For this purpose, the bypass switch is opened before connecting the line by means of the circuit breaker. Any charge current thus flows through the attenuator, thereby reducing a peak and load on all components in the network. Once the current is reduced to a predetermined value, the bypass switch can be closed and normal operation can be started.

Ist der Überbrückungsschalter im Betriebsstromzweig angeordnet, so kann ein weiterer Vorteil der Vorrichtung darin gesehen werden, dass, falls im Fehlerfall ein Fehlerstrom vom Betriebsstromzweig auf den Kondensatorzweig kommutiert werden soll, gegebenenfalls sofort der mechanische Schalter und der Überbrückungsschalter geöffnet werden können. Dadurch steht eine Lichtbogenspannung der beiden Schalter von Anfang an als Kommutierungsspannung zur Verfügung. Beide Schalter sind dabei geeigneterweise sehr schnelle Schalter, die über eine Lichtbogentragfähigkeit verfügen.If the bypass switch is arranged in the operating current branch, then a further advantage of the device can be seen in the fact that, in the event of a fault, a residual current is to be commutated from the operating current branch to the capacitor branch, if necessary immediately the mechanical switch and the bypass switch can be opened immediately. As a result, an arc voltage of the two switches from the beginning as a commutation voltage available. Both switches are suitably very fast switches, which have a Lichtbogentragfähigkeit.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Schalten des Gleichstromes mittels der artgemäßen Vorrichtung.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for switching the direct current by means of the device according to the species.

Ausgehend vom Stand der Technik besteht die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein alternatives Verfahren zum Schalten des Gleichstromes mittels der artgemäßen Vorrichtung vorzuschlagen.Starting from the prior art, the object of the invention is to propose an alternative method for switching the direct current by means of the device according to the species.

Die Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren gelöst, bei dem im Fehlerfall nach einem Öffnen des Schutzschalters der Überbrückungsschalter geöffnet und der Kondensator über den Betriebsstromzweig und die Dämpfungseinrichtung entladen wird.The object is achieved by the method in which the bypass switch is opened in the event of a fault after opening the circuit breaker and the capacitor is discharged via the operating current branch and the damping device.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der Überbrückungsschalter erst nach dem Entladen des Kondensators und nach einem Schließen des Schutzschalters geschlossen. Ist der Überbrückungsschalter im Betriebsstromzweig angeordnet, so fließt der Strom nach dem Zuschalten der Vorrichtung durch Schließen des Schutzschalters zunächst für eine begrenzte Zeit über die Dämpfungseinrichtung. Dadurch können der Strom-Spitzenwert und damit die Belastung einer der Vorrichtung nachgeschalteten Komponente reduziert werden. Für die Aufnahme des Normalbetriebs wird der Überbrückungsschalter nach einer vorbestimmten Zeit wieder geschlossen.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, the bypass switch is closed only after discharging the capacitor and after closing the circuit breaker. If the bypass switch is arranged in the operating current branch, the current flows after the device has been switched on by closing the circuit breaker first for a limited time via the damping device. As a result, the current peak value and thus the load of a downstream component of the device can be reduced. For the normal operation, the bypass switch is closed again after a predetermined time.

Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand von Figuren 1 und 2 näher erläutert.

Figur 1
zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer schematischen Darstellung;
Figur 2
zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer schematischen Darstellung.
In the following, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to FIG Figures 1 and 2 explained in more detail.
FIG. 1
shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention in a schematic representation;
FIG. 2
shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in a schematic representation.

Im Einzelnen zeigt Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 zum Schalten eines Gleichstromes. Die Vorrichtung 1 weist zwei Klemmen 141, 142 auf, mittels derer die Vorrichtung 1 an ein Gleichspannungsnetz angeschlossen ist. Die Stromrichtung ist durch den Pfeil 13 angedeutet. Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst einen Betriebsstromzweig 2 und einen Kondensatorzweig 5, wobei der Kondensatorzweig 5 in Parallelschaltung zum Betriebsstromzweig 2 geschaltet ist. Ferner weist die Vorrichtung 1 ein Varistorzweig 15, wobei der Varistorzweig 15 in einer Parallelschaltung zum Kondensatorzweig 5 sowie zum Betriebsstromzweig 2 angeordnet ist. Im Betriebsstromzweig 2 sind ein mechanischer Schalter 3 sowie ein Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12 angeordnet, wobei der mechanische Schalter 3 und der Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12 in einer Reihenschaltung geschaltet sind. Im Kondensatorzweig 5 ist ein Kondensator 6 angeordnet. Im Varistorzweig 15 ist ein Metalloxidvaristor 11 angeordnet. Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst ferner eine Dämpfungseinrichtung 7, die in einer Reihenschaltung zum mechanischen Schalter 3 angeordnet ist. In einer Parallelschaltung zur Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 ist ein Überbrückungsschalter 9 angeordnet, mittels dessen die Dämpfungseinrichtung überbrückt werden kann. Die Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 umfasst ein Spulenelement 10 sowie einen Widerstandselement 8, wobei das Spulenelement 10 und das Widerstandselement 8 in einer Parallelschaltung zueinander angeordnet sind.In detail shows FIG. 1 a first embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention for switching a DC current. The device 1 has two terminals 141, 142, by means of which the device 1 is connected to a DC voltage network. The current direction is indicated by the arrow 13. The device 1 comprises an operating current branch 2 and a capacitor branch 5, wherein the capacitor branch 5 is connected in parallel to the operating current branch 2. Furthermore, the device 1 has a varistor branch 15, wherein the varistor branch 15 is arranged in a parallel connection to the capacitor branch 5 and to the operating current branch 2. In the operating current branch 2, a mechanical switch 3 and a power semiconductor switch 12 are arranged, wherein the mechanical switch 3 and the power semiconductor switch 12 are connected in a series circuit. In the capacitor branch 5, a capacitor 6 is arranged. In the varistor branch 15, a metal oxide varistor 11 is arranged. The device 1 further comprises a damping device 7, which is arranged in a series circuit to the mechanical switch 3. In a parallel circuit to the damping device 7, a bypass switch 9 is arranged, by means of which the damping device can be bridged. The damping device 7 comprises a coil element 10 and a resistance element 8, wherein the coil element 10 and the resistance element 8 are arranged in a parallel circuit to each other.

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel sind der mechanische Schalter 3 und der Überbrückungsschalter 9 als mechanische Trennschalter ausgebildet. Der Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12 ist derart ausgebildet, dass die Vorrichtung 1 als bidirektionaler Schalter verwendet werden kann.In the present embodiment, the mechanical switch 3 and the bypass switch 9 are designed as mechanical disconnectors. The power semiconductor switch 12 is designed such that the device 1 can be used as a bidirectional switch.

Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst ferner einen Schutzschalter 4, der dazu eingerichtet ist, den Stromfluss im Betriebsstromzweig 2 zu unterbrechen.The device 1 further comprises a circuit breaker 4, which is adapted to interrupt the flow of current in the operating current branch 2.

In einem Normalbetrieb der Vorrichtung 1 fließt ein Laststrom über den Schutzschalter 4, den mechanischen Schalter 3, den Halbleistungsschalter 12 sowie den Überbrückungsschalter 9 im Betriebsstromzweig 2. In einem Fehlerfall kommt es im Betriebsstromzweig 2 zu einem entsprechenden Stromanstieg. In einem solchen Fehlerfall steuert eine in Figur 1 nicht dargestellte Regeleinheit den mechanischen Schalter 3 und den Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12 an, abzuschalten. Der Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12 wird demnach gesperrt und der mechanische Schalter 3 wird geöffnet. Dabei wird der Strom vom Betriebsstromzweig auf den Kondensatorzweig 5 kommutiert. Zudem wird der Schutzschalter 4 ebenfalls geöffnet, wobei zunächst der Strom weiter durch den Kondensatorzweig fließt. Der Kondensator 6 wird solange aufgeladen bis eine Spannung am Kondensator 6 abfällt, die größer als die Netzspannung ist. Dabei wird die Maximalspannung, auf die der Kondensator 6 aufgeladen wird, durch den ableitenden Varistor 11 definiert. Der durch die Vorrichtung 1 fließende Strom wird dadurch auf null gezwungen, womit ein möglicher Lichtbogen im Schutzschalter 4 verlöscht. Nach einer solchen Abschaltung der Vorrichtung 1 ist der Kondensator 6 auf etwa die doppelte Nennspannung aufgeladen. Soll nun innerhalb kurzer Zeit die Vorrichtung 1 wieder zugeschaltet werden, muss die im Kondensator gespeicherte Energie zunächst freigesetzt werden.In a normal operation of the device 1, a load current flows through the circuit breaker 4, the mechanical switch 3, the half-circuit breaker 12 and the bypass switch 9 in the operating current branch 2. In an error occurs in the operating current branch 2 to a corresponding increase in current. In such an error case, an in FIG. 1 not shown control unit, the mechanical switch 3 and the power semiconductor switch 12 to turn off. The power semiconductor switch 12 is therefore locked and the mechanical switch 3 is opened. The current from the operating current branch is commutated to the capacitor branch 5. In addition, the circuit breaker 4 is also opened, initially the current continues to flow through the capacitor branch. The capacitor 6 is charged until a voltage across the capacitor 6 drops, which is greater than the mains voltage. At this time, the maximum voltage to which the capacitor 6 is charged is defined by the dissipating varistor 11. The current flowing through the device 1 is thereby forced to zero, thus extinguishing a possible arc in the circuit breaker 4. After such a shutdown of the device 1, the capacitor 6 is charged to about twice the nominal voltage. If now the device 1 is switched on again within a short time, the energy stored in the capacitor must first be released.

Sobald der Strom im mechanischen Schalter 3 und damit im gesamten Betriebsstromzweig null ist, kann der Überbrückungsschalter 9 geöffnet werden. Ist der Abschaltvorgang der Vorrichtung 1 durch das Verlöschen des Lichtbogens im Schutzschalter 4 beendet, so können die Schalter 3, 12 wieder geschlossen werden. Über den mechanischen Schalter 3, der nun geschlossen ist, den Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12, die Dämpfungseinrichtung 7, den Kondensator 6 schließt sich nun ein Stromkreis, über den der Kondensator 6 entladen werden kann. Das Spulenelement 10 sowie das Widerstandselement 8 der Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 sorgen dabei für eine Begrenzung des Spitzenwertes des Entladestromes und für eine Absorption der gespeicherten Energie des Kondensators 6. Sobald der Kondensator 6 entladen ist, kann der Überbrückungsschalter 9 wieder geschlossen werden. Die Schaltung ist damit bereit für die erneute Zuschaltung der Vorrichtung 1. Die Zuschaltung der Vorrichtung 1 erfolgt über das Schließen des Schutzschalters 4.As soon as the current in the mechanical switch 3 and thus in the entire operating current branch is zero, the bypass switch 9 can be opened. If the shutdown of the device 1 is completed by the extinction of the arc in the circuit breaker 4, the switches 3, 12 can be closed again. About the mechanical switch 3, which is now closed, the power semiconductor switch 12, the damping device 7, the capacitor 6 now closes a circuit through which the capacitor 6 can be discharged. The coil element 10 and the resistance element 8 of the damping device 7 thereby ensure a limitation of the peak value of the discharge current and for absorption of the stored energy of the capacitor 6. As soon as the capacitor 6 is discharged, the bypass switch 9 can be closed again. The circuit is thus ready for the renewed connection of the device 1. The connection of the device 1 via the closing of the circuit breaker. 4

In Figur 2 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 schematisch dargestellt. Gleichartige Elemente in den Figuren 1 und 2 sind dabei jeweils mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen wird daher in der folgenden Beschreibung der Figur 2 nur auf diejenigen Elemente eingegangen, die das Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 2 vom Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1 unterscheiden.In FIG. 2 a second embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically. Similar elements in the Figures 1 and 2 are each provided with the same reference numerals. To avoid repetition is therefore in the following description of the FIG. 2 only on those elements, which the embodiment of the FIG. 2 from the embodiment of FIG. 1 differ.

In dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Vorrichtung 1 ist die Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 in einer Reihenschaltung zum Kondensator 6 im Kondensatorzweig 5 angeordnet. Der Überbrückungsschalter 9 ist in einer Parallelschaltung zur Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 geschaltet, wobei die Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 mittels des Überbrückungsschalters 9 überbrückt werden kann.In the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment of the device 1, the damping device 7 in a series circuit arranged to the capacitor 6 in the capacitor branch 5. The bypass switch 9 is connected in a parallel circuit to the damping device 7, wherein the damping device 7 can be bridged by means of the lock-up switch 9.

Die Funktionsweise der Vorrichtung 1 gemäß der Figur 2 entspricht im Wesentlichen der Funktionsweise der Vorrichtung 1 der Figur 1.The operation of the device 1 according to the FIG. 2 corresponds substantially to the operation of the device 1 of FIG. 1 ,

Im Normalbetrieb fließt ein Laststrom über den Schutzschalter 4, den mechanischen Schalter 3 und den Halbleistungsschalter 12 im Betriebsstromzweig 2. In einem Fehlerfall kommt es im Betriebsstromzweig 2 zu einem entsprechenden Stromanstieg. In einem solchen Fehlerfall steuert eine in Figur 1 nicht dargestellte Regeleinheit den mechanischen Schalter 3 und den Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12 an, abzuschalten. Der Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12 wird demnach gesperrt und der mechanische Schalter 3 wird geöffnet. Zudem wird der Schutzschalter 4 ebenfalls geöffnet. Auf diese Weise wird der Strom vom Betriebsstromzweig auf den Kondensatorzweig kommutiert. Dabei wird der Kondensator 6 aufgeladen bis eine Spannung am Kondensator abfällt, die größer als die Netzspannung ist. Dabei wird die Maximalspannung, auf die der Kondensator 6 aufgeladen wird, durch den ableitenden Varistor 11 definiert. Der durch die Vorrichtung 1 fließende Strom wird dadurch auf null gezwungen, womit ein möglicher Lichtbogen im Schutzschalter 4 verlöscht. Nach einer solchen Abschaltung der Vorrichtung 1 ist der Kondensator 6 auf etwa die doppelte Nennspannung aufgeladen. Soll nun innerhalb kurzer Zeit die Vorrichtung 1 wieder zugeschaltet werden, muss die im Kondensator gespeicherte Energie zunächst freigesetzt werden.In normal operation, a load current flows through the circuit breaker 4, the mechanical switch 3 and the half-circuit breaker 12 in the operating current branch 2. In an error occurs in the operating current branch 2 to a corresponding increase in current. In such an error case, an in FIG. 1 not shown control unit, the mechanical switch 3 and the power semiconductor switch 12 to turn off. The power semiconductor switch 12 is therefore locked and the mechanical switch 3 is opened. In addition, the circuit breaker 4 is also opened. In this way, the current from the operating current branch is commutated to the capacitor branch. In this case, the capacitor 6 is charged until a voltage across the capacitor drops, which is greater than the mains voltage. At this time, the maximum voltage to which the capacitor 6 is charged is defined by the dissipating varistor 11. The current flowing through the device 1 is thereby forced to zero, thus extinguishing a possible arc in the circuit breaker 4. After such a shutdown of the device 1, the capacitor 6 is charged to about twice the nominal voltage. If now the device 1 is switched on again within a short time, the energy stored in the capacitor must first be released.

Sobald der Strom im mechanischen Schalter 3 null ist, und ist der Abschaltvorgang der Vorrichtung 1 durch das Verlöschen des Lichtbogens im Schutzschalter 4 beendet, kann der Überbrückungsschalter 9 geöffnet werden. Ferner können die Schalter 3, 12 wieder geschlossen werden. Über den mechanischen Schalter 3, den Leistungshalbleiterschalter 12, die Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 und den Kondensator 6 schließt sich nun ein Stromkreis, über den der Kondensator 6 entladen werden kann. Das Spulenelement 10 sowie das Widerstandselement 8 der Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 sorgen dabei für eine Begrenzung des Spitzenwertes des Entladestromes und für eine Absorption der gespeicherten Energie des Kondensators 6. Sobald der Kondensator 6 entladen ist, kann der Überbrückungsschalter 9 wieder geschlossen werden. Die Schaltung ist damit bereit für die erneute Zuschaltung der Vorrichtung 1. Die Zuschaltung der Vorrichtung 1 erfolgt über das Schließen des Schutzschalters 4.Once the current in the mechanical switch 3 is zero, and the shutdown of the device 1 is completed by the extinction of the arc in the circuit breaker 4, the bypass switch 9 can be opened. Furthermore, the switches 3, 12 can be closed again. About the mechanical Switch 3, the power semiconductor switch 12, the damping device 7 and the capacitor 6 now closes a circuit through which the capacitor 6 can be discharged. The coil element 10 and the resistance element 8 of the damping device 7 thereby ensure a limitation of the peak value of the discharge current and for absorption of the stored energy of the capacitor 6. As soon as the capacitor 6 is discharged, the bypass switch 9 can be closed again. The circuit is thus ready for the renewed connection of the device 1. The connection of the device 1 via the closing of the circuit breaker. 4

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtung zum Schalten eines GleichstromesDevice for switching a direct current
22
BetriebsstromzweigOperating current branch
33
mechanischer Schaltermechanical switch
44
Schutzschalterbreaker
55
Kondensatorzweigcapacitor branch
66
Kondensatorcapacitor
77
Dämpfungseinrichtungattenuator
88th
Widerstandselementresistive element
99
Überbrückungsschalterbypass switch
1010
Spulenelementcoil element
1111
Varistorvaristor
1212
LeistungshalbleiterschalterPower semiconductor switch
1313
Richtungspfeilarrow
141141
Klemmeclamp
142142
Klemmeclamp
1515
VaristorzweigVaristorzweig

Claims (10)

  1. Device (1) for switching a direct current, comprising
    - an operating current branch (2) in which a mechanical switch (3) is arranged,
    - a protective switch (4) connected to the operating current branch (2) for interrupting the current flow in the operating current branch (2),
    - a capacitor branch (5) arranged in parallel with the operating current branch (2), in which a capacitor (6) is arranged, and
    - an attenuator (7) which includes a resistance element (8), wherein the attenuator (7) in the capacitor branch (5) is arranged in series with the capacitor (6), or in the operating current branch (2) in series with the mechanical switch (3), characterized in that the attenuator (7) is bridgeable by means of a bridging switch (9) arranged in parallel with the attenuator (7).
  2. Device (1) according to the preceding claim,
    characterized in that
    the resistance element (8) has an electric resistance and an inductance whose values are measured in such a way that the discharge time of a discharge of the capacitor (6) via the attenuator (7) is between 50 ms and 500 ms, preferably between 100 ms and 250 ms.
  3. Device (1) according to either of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the attenuator (7) includes a parallel circuit made up of the resistance element (8) and an inductor element (10).
  4. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a varistor (11) is provided which is arranged in parallel with the operating current branch (2) and the capacitor branch (5).
  5. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the device (1) furthermore includes a power semiconductor switch (12) which is arranged in series with the mechanical switch in the operating current branch (2).
  6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the capacitor (6) has a capacitance value between 25 µF and 200 µF.
  7. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the bridging switch (9) is a mechanical circuit breaker.
  8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the bridging switch (9) is an electronic power switch.
  9. Method for switching a direct current by means of the device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which, in the event of a fault, after opening the protective switch (4), the bridging switch (9) is opened and the capacitor (6) is discharged via the operating current branch (2) and the attenuator (7).
  10. Method according to Claim 9, in which the bridging switch (9) is closed after discharging the capacitor (6) and after closing the protective switch (4).
EP13814053.8A 2013-11-29 2013-11-29 Device and method for switching a direct current Active EP3053179B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/EP2013/075144 WO2015078525A1 (en) 2013-11-29 2013-11-29 Device and method for switching a direct current

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EP (1) EP3053179B1 (en)
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CN105745730B (en) 2018-11-02
WO2015078525A1 (en) 2015-06-04
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CN105745730A (en) 2016-07-06
US9875861B2 (en) 2018-01-23
US20160300671A1 (en) 2016-10-13

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