EP3052688A1

EP3052688A1 - Fabric sheet with high thermal stability

Info

Publication number: EP3052688A1
Application number: EP14777512.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerald JARRE; Robert Groten; Anke Bold; Sungyong Ryu; Denis Reibel
Original assignee: Carl Freudenberg KG
Current assignee: Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date: 2013-10-02
Filing date: 2014-09-12
Publication date: 2016-08-10
Anticipated expiration: 2034-09-12
Also published as: KR101849372B1; EP3052688B1; KR20160062149A; CN105593420A; TW201525223A; CN105593420B; WO2015049027A1; US20160222557A1

Abstract

With regard to the object of designing and developing a fabric sheet in such a way that, after low-cost production, it has high thermal and light stability, is recyclable, has a high mechanical load-bearing capacity and is elastically compliant, a fabric sheet (1, 1', 1", 1'") comprising a main body composed of at least one ply (2, 3), wherein the at least one ply (2, 3) contains first fibres comprising a first polymer (10) and second fibres comprising a second polymer (11) or wherein the at least one ply (2, 3) comprises one and the same fibres that contain a first and a second polymer (10, 11), is characterized in that a cold crystallization temperature (8) of the first polymer (10) lies at the softening temperature (7) of the second polymer (11) or below the softening temperature (7) of the second polymer (11).

Description

Flat sheet with high temperature stability

description

Technical area

The invention relates to a sheet, preferably with high

Temperature stability, as well as its use for the production of a component for a means of transport.

State of the art

Sheet material of the type mentioned are already known from the prior art and are used in many fields, such as in the transport industry. Such fabrics contain

usually the most diverse materials, such as

Glass fibers, polyurethanes or polyesters.

US 3 966 526 describes a method of manufacturing components for the automotive interior lining. These are made up of several foam-like layers of polystyrene resin. A disadvantage here is that these components are not recyclable and their disposal is therefore associated with high costs.

®STATIGU GSCOPY Another component for the automotive industry, namely a headliner, is shown in US 4,840,832. The headliner has polyester bicomponent fibers with a low melting binder component and a high melting stabilizing polymer.

From US 5,275,865 is another roof lining for the

Automotive interior lining known, wherein the headliner partially contains stretched polyester fibers and has no binder. In the US 4 119 749 is a lightweight headliner for

Automotive interior lining described. This has a multilayer structure. As a core element, a layer of polyurethane foam is used, wherein one side of the polyurethane foam layer is provided with a further polyurethane foam layer. The other side is impregnated with an elastomer solution. To dispose of the headliner a separation of the individual layers is necessary. This increases the

Disposal costs. Even recycling the foams is not possible due to the selected materials. US 4 211 590 shows a thermoformable laminate of a

thermoplastic foam core. After thermoforming, the laminate is hardened by cooling. Such a laminate is used for the interior lining of an automobile, in particular as a headliner. Another headliner for automotive interior lining is known from US Pat. No. 5,660,908. This consists of polyethylene terephthalate and has

Reinforcing ribs on. A disadvantage here is that it is insufficiently thermally stable. Sufficient thermal stability can be achieved by a complicated structure. This requires a complex and expensive manufacturing process. Flat structures of the type mentioned initially have a low flexural rigidity at elevated temperature, are not recyclable or have a high rigidity with low elasticity or deformability. This complicates the processing of such a sheet, in particular the

Processing such a sheet for the interior lining of an automobile involves considerable effort. To one

To achieve sufficient stability with constant elasticity of the sheet, a constructive and multi-layered construction is necessary. This requires a complex and expensive manufacturing process.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is therefore the object of a sheet of the type mentioned in such a design and further that this low cost manufacturing high bending stiffness at elevated

Has temperature, recyclable, mechanically strong and elastically yielding. This sheet is intended to be used in particular as a component for a means of transport.

The present invention achieves the aforementioned object by the features of patent claim 1.

Thereafter, the aforementioned sheet is characterized in that it comprises a base body of at least one layer, wherein the at least one layer comprises first fibers comprising a first polymer and second fibers comprising a second polymer or wherein the at least one layer comprises uniform fibers which a first and a second polymer, wherein a cold-curing temperature of the first polymer at the softening temperature of the second polymer or below the

Softening temperature of the second polymer is. By cold crystallization is meant a crystallization which occurs after heating above the softening or glass transition temperature.

Cold-curing temperature is the temperature at which a first exothermic maximum of free enthalpy occurs. By exothermic is meant an energy release.

The term softening temperature, also called the glass transition temperature, is understood to mean the temperature at which wholly or partly amorphous polymers change from a highly viscous or rubber-elastic, flexible state into a glassy or hard-elastic state. The

Softening temperature is measured according to the invention according to DIN 53765.

By uniform fibers is meant that the fibers have the same polymers and fiber type.

According to the invention it has been recognized that by the cold crystallization of the first polymer, a stabilization of the second polymer in the

Softening temperature of the second polymer or below the

Softening temperature of the second polymer occurs. As a result, a sheet with sufficiently high mechanical strength is achieved at high temperatures. Furthermore, the sheet is characterized by excellent acoustic properties and low weight. Consequently, the object mentioned above is achieved.

Preferably, cold crystallization of the first polymer occurs in a

Softening temperature of the second polymer in the range of 70 to 150 ° C, preferably in the range of 80 to 140 ° C, more preferably in the range of 90 to 130 ° C, on. Under these conditions, a sheet having high flexibility and elastic compliance at high temperatures is obtained. At these temperatures, stabilization of the second polymer occurs by crystallization of the first polymer.

Preferably, no difference occurs between the calcination crystallization temperature of the first polymer and the softening temperature of the second polymer. However, the difference between the cold crystallization temperature of the first polymer and the softening temperature of the second polymer could also be in the range from 1 to 100.degree. C., preferably in the range from 2 to 80.degree. C., more preferably in the range from 3 to 60.degree. Under these conditions, a particularly good stabilization of the second polymer by

Cold crystallization of the first polymer achieved.

According to a preferred embodiment, the softening temperature and / or the melting temperature of the second polymer are above the

Softening temperature and / or the melting temperature of the first polymer. By special selection of the polymers with regard to their

Softening temperatures and their melting temperatures becomes a

achieved particularly good stabilization of the first polymer by the second polymer to the softening temperature of the second polymer. Furthermore, due to the specific choice of polymers and their arrangement due to the

Cold crystallization of the first polymer has a temperature stability of

Achieved sheet that is well above the softening temperature and the melting temperature of both polymers. The difference between the softening temperatures measured according to DIN 53765 of the first and second polymers can vary within wide limits. Conveniently, the difference in softening temperatures of the first and second polymers is at least 15 ° C, preferably

at least 20 ° C, more preferably at least 25 ° C. Preference is given to polymers having a temperature difference of 15 to 450 ° C, more preferably of 20 to 150 ° C, more preferably from 25 to 100 ° C used. Practical experiments have shown that these values are particularly high

Temperature stability of the fabric can be achieved.

According to a preferred embodiment, the difference in the melting temperatures of the first and the second polymer is at least 5 ° C., preferably at least 10 ° C., particularly preferably at least 15 ° C. Preference is given to using polymers having a temperature difference of from 5 to 200.degree. C., more preferably from 10 to 150.degree. C., particularly preferably from 15 to 120.degree. This difference in the melting temperatures of both polymers leads to a good temperature stability and to a good deflection behavior of the fabric.

As polymers, a wide variety of materials can be used.

Preferably, the polymers are melt-spinnable. Preferably, at least one of the polymers is a polyester selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate,

Polytetramethylene terephthalate, poly (decamethylene) terephthalate, poly-1, 4-cyclohexylenedimethyl terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate,

Polyethylene naphthalate, polyglycolic acid, polylactides, polycaprolactones,

Polyethylenadipate, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyhydroxybutyrates, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, polytrimethylene terephthalates, Vektrane, polyethylene naphthalate their copolymers and / or mixtures thereof.

Sheets of the aforementioned polymers are easy to recycle.

Most preferably, the first polymer is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate,

Poly (decamethylene) terephthalate, poly-1,4-cyclohexylenedimethyl terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, more preferably Polypropylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate,

Polyethylene terephthalate, their copolymers and / or mixtures thereof.

Most preferably, the second polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly (decamethylene) terephthalate, poly-1, 4-cyclohexylenedimethyl terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, more preferably polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, their copolymers and / or mixtures thereof. By suitable choice of the polymers used, the temperature stability and the mechanical properties, in particular the elasticity, deformability and strength of the fabric, can be influenced. This allows a tailor made use of the

Sheet with respect to a variety of applications, preferably for applications of the sheet as a substrate for

Interior lining of means of transport and as cladding material in

Outdoors.

Most preferably, the first polymer is a polyester selected from the group consisting of polyglycolic acid, polylactides, polycaprolactones, polyethylene adipates, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyhydroxybutyrates, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerates, polyethylene terephthalate,

Polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate,

Polytrimethylene terephthalates, polyurethanes, polytetramethylene terephthalate,

Poly (decamethylene) terephthalate, poly-1, 4-cyclohexylenedimethyl terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, their copolymers and / or their mixtures and the second polymer contains polyethylene naphthalate.

According to a preferred embodiment, the first polymer contains

Polyethylene terephthalate and / or co-polyethylene terephthalate and the second polymer contains polyethylene naphthalate. Preferably, the first polymer has a cold crystallization temperature in

Range of 70 to 150 ° C, more preferably in the range of 80 to 140 ° C, most preferably in the range of 90 to 130 ° C, on. These polymers have a high temperature stability and lead to a good deflection behavior of the fabric.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the second polymer has a softening temperature in the range of 70 to 150 ° C, more preferably in the range of 80 to 140 ° C, most preferably in the range of 90 to 130 ° C, on. In this case, a particularly good stabilization of the second polymer by cold crystallization of the first polymer occurs.

Practical experiments have shown that particularly high stiffnesses are achieved when the first polymer has a lower modulus of elasticity than the second polymer. The modulus of elasticity is a material characteristic from material technology and describes the relationship between stress and strain in the deformation of a solid body with linear elastic

Behavior. The elastic modulus of the first polymer could be in the range of 400 to 1300 MPa, preferably in the range of 500 to 1200 MPa, more preferably in the range of 700 to 000 MPa.

The second polymer could have a high modulus of elasticity.

Preferably, the modulus of elasticity of the second polymer is 1400 to

3000 MPa, more preferably 1600 to 2500 MPa, particularly preferably 2000 to 2200 MPa. As a result, an excellent bending stiffness at elevated temperature is achieved.

Preferably, at least one fiber contains at least two polymers, wherein the first polymer is in the form of at least one segment embedded in the second polymer and / or of the second polymer at least partially bounded. As a result, stabilization of the first polymer by the second polymer is achieved at high temperatures until cold crystallization of the first polymer occurs. Conveniently, in the sheet segments of a first polymer are present, which are circular, oval, n-shaped, trilobal or multilobal in cross-section, which are embedded in the second polymer and / or at least partially bounded by the second polymer.

Due to the alternating arrangement of the individual segments, an optimal and uniform arrangement of the first polymer in the form of

Segments embedded in the second polymer and / or at least partially bounded by the second polymer. Preference is given to round segments, which are particularly preferably arranged coaxially. This isotropic arrangement causes a good force absorption behavior.

The fibers could have a core / shell geometry. At a

Core / shell geometry, the first polymer in the core is surrounded by a threadline from the second polymer. Preferably, the core contains

Polypropylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, poly (decamethylene) terephthalate, poly-1, 4-cyclohexylenedimethyl terephthalate,

Polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, more preferred

Polypropylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate,

Polyethylene terephthalate, their copolymers and / or mixtures thereof and the shell preferably contains poly (decamethylene) terephthalate, poly-1, 4-cyclohexylenedimethyl terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate,

Polyethylene naphthalate, more preferably polyethylene naphthalate,

Polybutylene terephthalate, their copolymers and / or mixtures thereof. In these geometries, the first polymer is advantageously embedded particularly homogeneously in the second polymer and these geometries lead to a particularly dense structure. Conveniently, the fibers are configured as monofilaments. In this case, it is advantageous if the second polymer is bonded to the first polymer and the first polymer as a binder fiber produces an adhesive bond between the fibers of the first and second polymers. As a result, the mechanical strength of the fabric can be increased.

According to another preferred embodiment, the fibers have a core / sheath geometry, the fibers containing only one polymer.

Preferably, the core has no polymer. This is

Hollow fibers. It is advantageous that a sheet with a low weight and a high mechanical strength is achieved.

Further preferably, the polymer of the hollow fiber is a polyester selected from the group consisting of polypropylene terephthalate,

Polytetramethylene terephthalate, poly (decamethylene) terephthalate, poly (4-cyclohexyl) dimethyl terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate,

Polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate,

Polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, their copolymers and / or mixtures thereof. Most preferably, the polymer of the hollow fiber contains polyethylene naphthalate.

Most preferably, the polymer of the hollow fiber has a

Softening temperature in the range of 70 to 150 ° C, more preferably in the range of 80 to 140 ° C, most preferably in the range of 90 to 130 ° C, on.

As a result, a particularly stable sheet with a low weight is obtained.

In a preferred embodiment, the first to second polymer weight ratio is in a range of 50:50 to 95: 5, preferably in a range of 60:40 to 95: 5, more preferably in a range of 65:35 to 90:10. Advantageously, even a small proportion of the

Polymer with higher softening or melting temperature in order to achieve optimum stabilization of the polymer with lower softening or

To obtain melting temperature. Furthermore, the manufacturing costs can be reduced with a low proportion of second polymer, since this is usually the more expensive component.

Preferably, the fiber diameter is in the range of 0.1 to 20 dtex, more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 dtex, most preferably in the range of 3 to 12 dtex. Particularly preferably, the second polymer is used as a minority component. It is advantageous that the usually expensive second polymer component can be used to save material in order to increase the stability of the fabric.

Furthermore, by using a first polymer which partially or completely fills the voids between the fibers, the stability of the fabric can be further increased. According to a preferred embodiment, the base body contains no further fibers. It is conceivable that the main body could have further fibers. These fibers are preferably designed as monofilaments. Preferably, the proportion of further fibers, based on the total weight of the main body 1 to 80 wt .-%, more preferably 10 to 70 wt .-%, particularly preferably 20 to 60 wt .-%.

According to a preferred embodiment, the further fibers contain a polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyolefins, polyamide, polyamide 66 (nylon ^® ), polyamide 6 (Perlon ^® ), preferred Polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, their copolymers and / or mixtures thereof.

The fibers could be designed as binding fibers. The binder fiber creates an adhesive bond, thereby increasing the strength of the fabric.

The layers, preferably the at least one layer and / or the further layers of the main body, could be configured as scrim, woven, knitted, knitted, film, foil, nonwoven or nonwoven fabric. As a result, a sheet with mechanical strength is obtained.

The main body could comprise a composite containing the at least one layer. As a result, the mechanical strength of

Sheets increased.

It is conceivable that the sheet has a reinforcing layer.

Preferably, the sheet has no reinforcing layer. As a result, a sheet with high mechanical strength and low weight is obtained.

Against this background, it is also conceivable that the fabric of a

To undergo treatment or refinement of a chemical nature, such as

For example, if necessary, a hydrophilization, an antistatic

Treatment, a treatment to improve the fire resistance or the light stability and / or change the tactile properties or gloss, and / or a treatment to change the appearance such as dyeing or printing. The basis weight can vary widely. Preferably, the fabric has a basis weight according to DIN EN 29073-1 in the range of 50 to 4000 g / m ² , more preferably in the range of 80 to 3000 g / m ² , particularly preferably in the range of 100 to 2500 g / m ² . Sheets of the above basis weights have excellent stability.

According to a preferred embodiment, the sheet is used as a substrate for a headliner. In this use, the sheet preferably has a basis weight in the range of 500 to

2500 g / m ² , more preferably in the range of 100 to 000 g / m ² , most preferably in the range of 200 to 800 g / m ² .

According to a preferred embodiment, the sheet has a

Thickness according to DIN EN 9073-2 from 0.5 to 300 mm, more preferably from 1 to 200 mm, particularly preferably from 1 to 150 mm, on. such

Fabrics can be due to their small thickness and good

Process deformability particularly well.

Another object of the present invention is a

A bicomponent fiber containing a first and a second polymer, wherein a cold crystallization temperature of the first polymer in the

Softening temperature of the second polymer or below the

Softening temperature of the second polymer is.

According to a preferred embodiment, the sheet is thermoformed to obtain a thermoformed sheet. Thermoforming involves the transformation of thermoplastic material. The thermoformed sheet could be formed by a process comprising the following process steps: a) heating the sheet,

b) introducing the fabric into a mold,

c) pressing in the mold and

d) removal of the fabric from the mold, be available.

The mold could be heated to a temperature in the range of 20 to 300 ° C, preferably in the range of 20 to 250 ° C. The mold expediently has two half parts. The two half parts of the

Forming tool can have the same distance or different distances to each other during pressing at different points of the pressing surface. Practical experiments have shown that

thermoformable sheet under these conditions is given an increased flexural rigidity at elevated temperature.

The bending stiffness of the fabric can vary widely. Preferably, the sheet is used for producing a component for a means of transport, in particular as a substrate for a headliner. Such fabrics preferably have a flexural stiffness in the range of 1 to 40 N / mm ² measured according to DIN EN ISO 14125 at a maximum bending stress, more preferably in the range of 1 to 25 N / mm ² , particularly preferably in the range of 2 to 20 N / mm ² , most preferably in the range of 4 to 15 N / mm ² , on. Fabrics with the aforementioned bending stiffness are characterized by sufficient stability with an excellent

Deformability.

The bending stiffness of the thermoformed sheet can also be determined according to DIN / EN 310. When setting the test speed to 20mm / min, the sample size to 90mm X 75mm, the support distance to 80mm and the pre-load on 3N bending stiffness in the range 1 to 40 N, preferably from 5 to 35 N and in particular from 0 to 30 N can be obtained. Furthermore, the thermoformed sheet configured as a substrate for a headliner, a modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) in the range of 20 to 350 MPa measured according to EN ISO 14125 at a maximum

Bending stress, preferably in the range of 30 to 280 MPa, more preferably in the range of 40 to 250 MPa. The modulus of elasticity is a material characteristic from material technology and describes the

Relationship between stress and strain in the deformation of a solid body with linear elastic behavior.

The elastic modulus of the thermoformed sheet can also be determined according to DIN EN ISO 178. When setting the

Test speed to 20mm / min, the sample size to 90mm X 75mm, the support distance to 80mm and the pre-load to 3N elastic moduli in the range 20 to 600 MPa, preferably from 30 to 500 MPa and especially from 40 to 450 MPa can be obtained.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the sheet designed as a substrate for a headliner has a modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity) in the range of 10 to 350 MPa measured according to EN ISO 14125 or DIN EN ISO 178 at a maximum bending stress and a

Temperature of 120 ° C, preferably in the range of 15 to 250 MPa, more preferably in the range of 20 to 200 MPa, on. It is advantageous that the sheet has an increased mechanical strength at high temperatures. Preferably aging processes take place very slowly, so that the fabric also meets the high demands on components in the

Automotive industry withstands. For example, a surface may not show any color change or scarring over a period of several months when exposed to hot light at 120 ° C. According to a preferred embodiment, the sheet is constructed in multiple layers. The fabric preferably contains further layers in addition to the main body. The other layers could as spunbond layers or

Staple fiber layer be configured. The further layers differ from one another by their function, type of production, fiber type, containing polymers and / or by their color. A combination of staple fiber layer and spunbonded layer leads to a voluminous fabric with the same basis weight. Furthermore, the fabric could have further layers, which are configured as spunbond or staple fiber layer. This improves the acoustic properties.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the

thermoformed sheet a sandwich structure, wherein the outer layers contain the inventive sheet. The middle layer could have a staple fiber layer or another spunbonded layer.

Advantageously, the sandwiched structure increases the flexural rigidity and gives the fabric excellent strength.

The following further sequences are conceivable. In the following, SF stands for

Staple fiber layer and SL for a spunbond layer: SF / SL / SF; SF / SL; SL / SF.

These sequences could also be combined with layers as described above. The sheet according to the invention is due to its high bending stiffness at elevated temperature, its low weight and its sound absorption for the production of a component for a means of transport. Particularly preferably, the sheet is suitable as a substrate for the interior of a means of transport, more preferably as a substrate for a

Headliner, as a substrate for a door inner lining, as a substrate for a Hat rack and / or as a substrate in the outer region of a means of transport, more preferably as a substrate for a subfloor and as a substrate for a wheel arch. Under means of transport are cars, trucks, buses, trains, aircraft, ships, motor home, agricultural machinery and / or

Caravan understood.

According to a preferred embodiment, the sheet is used as a substrate for the interior lining of a bus, a caravan, a camper, a ship, an airplane or a train. The sheet is due to its mechanical strength and low weight for the aforementioned uses.

Further conceivable is the use of the sheet as a substrate for an inner lining of ship cabins and / or aircraft cabins due to its low weight.

Furthermore, the sheet material could be used to produce a component for a building, preferably as a substrate for mobile partitions in buildings. This use is due to the low weight of the sheet and its excellent acoustic properties.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to several non-limiting examples of the invention. Example 1: Production of a fabric according to the invention

PEN granules (Advanite 71001 from SASA) and copolyester granules (CS 123 N from FENC) are dried and then by means of a melt-spinning process to a mixture of monofilaments and

Bicomponent fiber spun. The processing temperature for Advanite is 300 ° C and for CS 123 N at 270 ° C. As a spinneret, a 195 hole nozzle is used with a

Bicomponent fiber content of 60%. The PEN is incorporated only in the sheath of the bicomponent fiber and the copolyester both in the core of the bicomponent fiber and in the monofilament. Three different ratios of PEN / copolyester are produced in the bicomponent fiber.

1. 30% PEN (sheath) 70% copolyester (core)

2. 25% PEN (Coat) 85% Copolyester (Core)

3. 20% PEN (Coat) 80% Copolyester (Core)

Light micrographs of the fiber cross sections of the above

Be component fibers 1-3 are shown in Figures 7a-c.

Example 2: Determination of relevant fiber parameters

Of the spun bicomponent fibers, some are relevant

Fiber properties determined as follows:

Fineness: 8.5 dtex

Strength: 21, 54 cN / tex

Elongation: 10.19%

Boiling shrinkage: 3.25%

Further, the thermal stability under temperature stress was examined as follows: A bicomponent fiber with a fiber length of 8 cm was stretched between two metal blocks with a distance of 4 cm and loaded centrally with a weight of 1 g. The fiber was tense. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 100 ° C, which is above the Tg of the copolyester used and below the Tg of the PEN. One

Slack of the bicomponent fiber was not observed. In the next step, the temperature was raised to 125 ° C, this temperature is in the softening range of the PEN. No sagging was observed. In the last step, the temperature was raised to 140 ° C. This temperature is above the softening range of the polyester. At this temperature, only minimal sagging was observed.

Since the copolyester already softens in a range of 55-65 ° C, a standard polyester mono-fiber (PET) was used as a reference. Of the

The experiment carried out has shown that a clear sagging of the PET monofilament can be observed even when reaching 100 ° C.

Example 3: Production of multilayer hybrid materials

From the spunbonded nonwoven produced in Example 1, both two-ply and three-ply hybrid materials were produced together with a staple fiber ply consisting of bicomponent fibers (LMF50 from Huvis, PET / CoPET, 4.4 dtex, 64 mm).

For this purpose, either one or two spunbonded webs were joined together with a staple fiber layer by means of a needle chair. In the three-day hybrid materials, the staple fiber fleece was arranged in each case in the middle. There were six different hybrid materials with the following

Settings for the needle chair made:

Stroke 1000 min-1

Penetration depth 10 mm

Speed 4 m

15X18X40X3,5

needle board

(Singer)

Preserved hybrid material

number

Layers basis weight

2 410 g / m ²

2 480 g / m ²

2 530 g / m ²

2 640 g / m ²

3 470 g / m ²

3 510 g / m ²

Following the needling, the hybrid materials were solidified by means of a belt dryer. Setting the belt dryer:

Speed 1 m

Temp. Chamber

230 ° C

1

Temp. Chamber

230 ° C

2

Circulating air 1 100%

Circulating air 2 100% Düsenverstellun

1, 5 cm

9 1

Düsenverstellun

1, 5 cm

9 2

Exhaust air 80%

Obtained solidified hybrid materials

Number of mass increase / g mass increase /%

Layers basis weight

2 440 g / m ² 30 7.3

2 520 g / m ² 40 8,3

2 580 g / m ² 50 9.4

2 700 g / m ² 60 8.6

3 510 g / m ² 40 8.5

3 560 g / m ² 50 9.8

From the obtained hybrid materials, specimens of size 90mm X 75mm were punched out, and pressed at a temperature of 180 ° C to a thickness of 2.1-2.5 mm, the bending force according to DIN / EN 310 with a pre-load of 3 N and a Test speed of 20 mm, the modulus of elasticity according to DIN EN ISO 178 determined at the same Vorkraft and test speed.

Modulus of elasticity / bending force / way /

grammage

MPa N mm

440 g / m ² 105 4,4 4,4

520 g / m ² 136 6.4 8.1

580 g / m ² 171 7.9 10.2

700 g / m ² 232 16.3 12.5

510 g / m ² 151 6.5 8.3

560 g / m ² 142 7.7 9.6 Brief description of the drawing

In the drawing show

Fig. 1 shows a sheet comprising a base body of a layer, wherein the layer contains fibers of two polymers, Fig. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of a thermoformable

Fabric,

Fig. 3 shows a further schematic arrangement of a

thermoformable sheet,

Fig. 4 is a schematic arrangement of a two-ply

thermoformable sheet,

Fig. 5 is a diagram in which the heating curve of the first

Polymer is compared with the second polymer,

Fig. 6a is a trilobal fiber in cross-section and

Fig. 6 b is another triloblae fiber in cross section.

Fig. 7 ac light micrographs of the fiber cross sections of three Bekomponentenfasern Embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1 shows a sheet 1, comprising a base body of a layer 2, wherein the layer 2 contains fibers of two polymers.

The layer 2 has a single-layered construction.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of a thermoformable

Sheet 1 ^' . The fabric 1 ^' is multi-layered and contains in addition to the layer 2 more layers. The layer 2 is a spunbonded layer

designed. The fabric 1 ^' has a layer 3 of staple fibers as the lowermost layer. On this layer 3, a layer 2 is arranged. On the layer 2 is another layer 3 of staple fibers. 3 shows a further schematic arrangement of a thermoformable sheet 1 ^" . The sheet 1 ^" has a multilayer structure and, in addition to the layer 2, contains further layers. The flat structure 1 ^" has, as the lowest layer, the layer 2. On this layer 2, a layer 3 is made

Staple fibers arranged. On the layer 3 of staple fibers is another layer. 2

Fig. 4 shows yet another schematic arrangement of a

thermoformable two-ply sheet V ^" . The sheet 1 ^"' has the layer 2 as the lowermost layer. On this layer 2 is a

Staple fiber layer 3 is arranged.

Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the heating curve of the first polymer with the second polymer as a function of temperature. The upper curve 4 shows the heating behavior of the first polymer and the lower curve 5 describes the heating behavior of the second polymer. The softening temperature 6 of the first polymer is below the

Softening temperature 7 of the second polymer.

The cold crystallization temperature 8 of the first polymer is below the softening temperature 7 of the second polymer. The

Cold crystallization temperature 9 of the second polymer is above the cold crystallization temperature 8 of the first polymer.

FIG. 6 a shows in cross-section a trilobal fiber containing two polymers wherein the first polymer 10 is in the form of at least one segment embedded in a second polymer 11. FIG. 6 b shows in cross section a trilobal fiber containing two polymers, wherein the first polymer 10 is present in the form of at least one segment which is at least partially bounded by the second polymer 11.

Claims

claims

Fabric (1, Γ, 1 ^" , 1 ^"' ) comprising a base body of at least one layer (2, 3), the at least one layer (2, 3) comprising first fibers comprising a first polymer (10) and second fibers

comprising at least one second polymer (11) or wherein the at least one layer (2, 3) comprises uniform fibers which contain a first and a second polymer (10, 11), characterized in that a cold-crystallization temperature (8) of the first polymer ( 10) at the softening temperature (7) of the second polymer (11) or below the softening temperature (7) of the second polymer (11).

The sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the softening temperature (7) and / or the melting temperature of the second polymer (11) is above the softening temperature (6) and / or the melting temperature of the first polymer (10).

Sheet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the difference between the softening temperatures (6,7) of the first and the second polymer (10,11) measured according to DIN 53765 is at least 15 ° C, preferably at least 20 ° C, more preferably

at least 25 ° C.

Sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that the difference in the melting temperatures of the first and the second polymer (10,11) is at least 5 ° C, preferably at least 10 ° C, more preferably at least 15 ° C.

Fabric according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the polymers (10,11) a Polyester is selected from the group consisting of

Polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate,

Polyethylene naphthalate, polyglycolic acid, polylactides, polycaprolactones, polyethylene adipates, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyhydroxybutyrates, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerates, polytrimethylene terephthalates, vectors, polyethylene naphthalate, their copolymers and / or their mixtures.

Fabric according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first polymer (10) has a

Cold crystallization temperature (8) in the range of 70 to 150 ° C, more preferably in the range 80 to 140 ° C, most preferably 90 to 130 ° C.

Sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second polymer (11) a

Softening temperature (7) in the range of 70 to 150 ° C, more preferably in the range of 80 to 140 ° C, most preferably in the range of 90 to 130 ° C.

Fabric according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one fiber contains at least two polymers, wherein the first polymer (10) is in the form of at least one segment which is embedded in a second (11) polymer and / or by the second Polymer (11) is at least partially bounded. Sheet according to claim 8, characterized in that in the sheet segments of the first polymer (10) are present, which are circular, oval or n-shaped, trilobal or multilobal in cross section, which are embedded in the second polymer (11) and / / or at least partially bounded by the second polymer (11).

Fabric according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized

characterized in that the fibers have a core / shell geometry.

Sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight ratio of first to second polymer (10,11) in a range of 50:50 to 95: 5, preferably in a range of 60:40 to 95: 5, particularly preferred in the range of 65:35 to 90:10.

12. The sheet material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one layer (2,3) is configured as scrim, fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, film, film, nonwoven or nonwoven fabric.

13. The sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body has a composite which contains the at least one layer (2,3).

14. A sheet according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized by a basis weight measured according to DIN EN 29073-1 in the range of 50 to 4000 g / m ² , preferably in the range of 80 to 3000 g / m ² , particularly preferably in the range of 100 to 2500 g / m ² . Sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheet is a thermoformed

Sheet is.

A bicomponent fiber containing a first and a second polymer (10,11), characterized in that a

Cold crystallization temperature (8) of the first polymer (10) at the softening temperature (7) of the second polymer (11) or below the softening temperature (7) of the second polymer (11).

Use of a fabric according to one of the preceding claims for the production of a component for a means of transport.