EP3052328B1 - Vehicle with force-controlled shock absorber with regulating valve - Google Patents

Vehicle with force-controlled shock absorber with regulating valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3052328B1
EP3052328B1 EP14783778.5A EP14783778A EP3052328B1 EP 3052328 B1 EP3052328 B1 EP 3052328B1 EP 14783778 A EP14783778 A EP 14783778A EP 3052328 B1 EP3052328 B1 EP 3052328B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner tube
shock absorber
piston
working medium
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14783778.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3052328A1 (en
Inventor
Erwin Haller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grammer AG
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Grammer AG
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Publication of EP3052328A1 publication Critical patent/EP3052328A1/en
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Publication of EP3052328B1 publication Critical patent/EP3052328B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
    • F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
    • F16F9/185—Bitubular units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B60G99/002—Suspension details of the suspension of the vehicle body on the vehicle chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
    • B60N2/505—Adjustable suspension including height adjustment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
    • B60N2/52—Seat suspension devices using fluid means
    • B60N2/522—Seat suspension devices using fluid means characterised by dampening means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
    • B60N2/52—Seat suspension devices using fluid means
    • B60N2/527—Seat suspension devices using fluid means using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/43—Filling or drainage arrangements, e.g. for supply of gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/44—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/44—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
    • F16F9/46—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction allowing control from a distance, i.e. location of means for control input being remote from site of valves, e.g. on damper external wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
    • B60G13/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally
    • B60G13/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type
    • B60G13/08—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type hydraulic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/06—Characteristics of dampers, e.g. mechanical dampers
    • B60G17/08—Characteristics of fluid dampers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/20—Type of damper
    • B60G2202/24—Fluid damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
    • B60G2202/41—Fluid actuator
    • B60G2202/413—Hydraulic actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
    • B60G2202/41—Fluid actuator
    • B60G2202/416—Fluid actuator using a pump, e.g. in the line connecting the lower chamber to the upper chamber of the actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/10—Damping action or damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/10—Damping action or damper
    • B60G2500/11—Damping valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/30—Height or ground clearance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/12—Fluid damping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shock absorber according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • shock absorber according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a shock absorber according to the preamble of claim 1 is exemplary in the FIG. 1 shown.
  • This prior art shock absorber comprises a housing having an inner tube disposed thereon, with a piston rod immersed in the inner tube, at the end of which it inserts into the inner tube a piston is arranged, the interior of the inner tube into a lower chamber and an upper chamber Splits.
  • a valve arrangement is arranged on the piston, by means of which a recorded in the inner tube working fluid can flow during the process of the piston in the inner tube from the lower chamber into the upper chamber and vice versa.
  • a second valve arrangement is arranged, by means of which the working medium received in the inner tube can flow during the process of the piston in the inner tube from the upper chamber only in serving as a tank for the working medium interior of the housing.
  • the inner tube has a third valve arrangement, by means of which the working medium accommodated in the interior of the housing serving as a tank can only flow into the lower chamber of the inner tube when the piston is moved in the inner tube.
  • shock absorbers are commonly referred to as twin-tube dampers.
  • twin-tube dampers are used as passive shock absorbers on the one hand as non-adjustable and on the other as adjustable shock absorbers.
  • the properties of the damper or the damping are firmly defined, so that the flow resistance of the working medium is determined by the valve arrangements used in the damper.
  • Adjustable twin-tube dampers are used when the work to be done by the shock absorber is to be adapted to corresponding vehicle states of a vehicle in which such an adjustable twin-tube damper is installed or to the sprung, differently sized masses.
  • this is achieved in that the flow resistance can be varied via a variable valve bore in the arranged on the piston valve assembly between the upper and the lower chamber of the inner tube of the damper.
  • Another feature of passive, non-adjustable dampers is that the amount of oil exchanged during a defined stroke is always the same.
  • the flow resistance depends solely on the velocity of the piston within the inner tube.
  • the flow resistance is also influenced, in addition to the speed of the piston, by the change in the valve cross-section of the valve arrangement in the piston, with a similarly defined stroke.
  • the exchanged oil quantity is also the same at a defined stroke.
  • the piston moves inside the inner tube with volume reduction of the upper chamber and volume increase of the lower chamber up, the exchanged amount of oil or working fluid through the valve assembly at the upper end of the inner ear of the upper chamber in the serving as a tank for the working medium inside the housing or the local oil sump is passed.
  • the difference in the quantity of oil or working fluid required by the extension of the piston rod is sucked in via the valve arrangement arranged at the bottom of the inner tube from the interior of the housing or the oil sump serving as a tank for the working medium.
  • shock absorber according to the invention in addition to the features of the preamble of claim 1 additionally the features that between a first connection element of the lower chamber of the inner tube (2) and a second connection element on the upper chamber of the inner tube at least one proportional flow control valve is arranged.
  • shock absorber it is possible to passively adjustable shock absorber according to the invention, actively adjustable, semi-adjustable and operate adaptively via a corresponding control of the at least one proportional flow control valve for controlling the flow resistance of the working fluid in the valve assembly of the piston.
  • shock absorbers according to the invention can be found not only in the wheel suspensions and struts of different vehicles use. Rather, it is also possible to dampen vibrations of seats, in particular of sprung vehicle seats and sprung cabins. In addition, a combination of damping of a cabin suspension and sprung driving seats, such as a rail vehicle is conceivable. Also, the use of the shock absorber according to the invention is not limited to such uses, but can be used in all possible devices in which a corresponding damping of vibrations is desirable.
  • the at least one proportional flow control valve which is arranged between a pressure line connected to the lower connection element and a pressure line connected to the upper connection element, it is possible to control the flow velocity in the pressure lines between the upper connection element and the proportional flow control valve and the lower pressure line and the proportional flow control valve continuously between the states of the proportional flow control valve fully closed and fully open to vary.
  • an adjustable continuous damping is possible, by which not only between a hard and a soft damping can be chosen, but also between all attenuation values in between.
  • the at least one proportional flow control valve is manually adjustable, so that it can be adjusted by a user by hand to a corresponding value.
  • a new value must always be set manually directly on the proportional flow valve.
  • At least one proportional flow control valve is automated, in particular electromotive, adjustable. This makes a comfortable setting, if necessary also remotely possible, without the user having to make settings directly on the proportional flow control valve.
  • a hydraulic pump drive is additionally provided for controlling the flow resistance of the working medium in the valve arrangement of the piston, which is arranged between a pressure line connected to the lower connection element and a pressure line connected to the upper connection element.
  • a hydraulic pump drive can be increased and / or reduced in a defined method of the piston in the inner tube exchanged Hämedium- or amount of oil.
  • the hydraulic pump drive has a controllable pump and a motor for the pump.
  • a Nachsaug ein for pressure equalization can also be provided between the serving as a tank for the working medium housing and the lower pressure line and / or the upper pressure line, a Nachsaugtechnisch for the working fluid.
  • This Nachsaugtechnisch can also over Check valves from the lower pressure line and / or the upper pressure line to be separated.
  • a riser pipe is arranged, which projects into the recorded in the housing working fluid or oil or the working fluid or oil sump and by means of which the working fluid or oil from the tank serving housing into the upper chamber of the inner tube can be transferred.
  • This riser is used in particular that in an external operation in which the working fluid quantity or amount of oil between the lower chamber and the upper chamber can be replaced by a hydraulic pump, no cavitation arises.
  • a closed oil circuit is ensured by the riser pipe even when connecting a hydraulic pump to the connection elements of the upper and lower chamber.
  • FIG. 2 a first embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention is shown.
  • the shock absorber consists essentially of a housing 1, which is tubular, in which a in the interior of the housing (1) arranged and not shown here inner tube 2 is arranged stationary.
  • the housing (1) is in principle designed in its interior as that of the prior art according to FIG. 1 or as in the representation of FIG. 5 ,
  • a piston 5 is reciprocable by means of a piston rod 6, wherein the inner tube 2 is divided by the piston 5 into an upper chamber 4 and into a lower chamber 3.
  • the inner tube 2 is completely filled with a working medium, preferably with an oil.
  • a first valve assembly 9 is attached. This valve assembly 9 is designed such that it is passable by the oil in both directions.
  • a second valve arrangement 8 is provided at the upper end of the inner tube 2, through which oil can escape from the upper chamber in the tank 1 serving as a tank.
  • the valve assembly 8 is designed only for passage of the oil in this direction. A passage of oil from the container 1 into the upper chamber 4 of the inner tube 2 is not possible through the valve assembly 8 therethrough.
  • a third valve assembly 7 is provided at the lower end of the inner tube 2. This makes it possible that oil from the container 1, in which it is stored in the lower chamber 3 of the inner tube 2 enters, while due to the volume reduction of the upper chamber 4 there oil passes through the valve assembly 8 into the container 1.
  • this exemplary embodiment has a connection element 12 on the upper chamber 4 of the inner tube 2 and the lower chamber 3 of the inner tube 2 has a connection element 13.
  • connection elements 12 and 13 is as a means for controlling the flow resistance of the working medium or oil in the valve assembly 9 on the piston 5 a proportional flow control valve (22) connected.
  • the proportional flow control valve (22) in this embodiment is manually adjustable.
  • FIG. 3 a further embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention.
  • two manually adjustable proportional flow control valves (22) are provided as means for controlling the flow resistance of the working medium in the valve assembly 9 of the piston 5, which is arranged between a pressure line 18 connected to the lower connection element 13 and a pressure line 17 connected to the upper connection element 14 are.
  • the two proportional flow control valves (22) are manually adjustable, the same advantage of the synchronous or separate adjustment of the train or pressure stage is of course also achievable with automatically adjustable proportional flow control valves (22).
  • FIG. 4 In the embodiment according to the FIG. 4 is to control the flow resistance of the working fluid in the valve assembly 9 of the piston 5 such automated, for example, by an electric motor drive, adjustable proportional flow control valve (22) is provided.
  • a hydraulic pump drive which here consists of a controllable pump 15 and a pump motor 16.
  • the pump 15 is designed to be reversible, so that it can pump oil both from the lower chamber 3 in the upper chamber 4 of the inner tube 2 and in the reverse direction.
  • a leakage line 21 is provided, with which from the pump 15 leaking oil is returned to the serving as a tank for the oil tank 1.
  • FIG. 6 Also, a Nachsaugtechnisch 20, by means of which the pump 15 can be supplied during operation with the possibly necessary Nachsaugölmenge.
  • this Nachsaugtechnisch 20 connections to the pressure lines 17 and 18, which are separated by check valves 19 from each other.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 like the embodiments of the Figures 5 and 6 a arranged at the upper end of the inner tube 2 riser 14, which protrudes into the oil sump 10 within the container 1 via an oil sump mirror 11.
  • This riser 14 serves to prevent cavitation during external operation of the shock absorber, in which the quantity of oil between the lower chamber 3 and the upper chamber 4 is exchanged via a hydraulic pump. Such cavitations would be detrimental to the operation of the shock absorber.
  • this riser 14 guarantees even with external operation that a closed oil circuit is ensured.
  • FIG. 7 a vehicle seat 30 is shown, which has a suspension 32, the vibrations are damped with a shock absorber 31 according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stoßdämpfer nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a shock absorber according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Das Dokument EP0322608 A2 offenbart einen Stoßdämpfer nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein Stoßdämpfer nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist beispielhaft in der Figur 1 dargestellt. Dieser Stoßdämpfer nach dem Stand der Technik weist ein Gehäuse mit einem daran angeordneten Innenrohr auf, wobei in das Innenrohr eine Kolbenstange eintaucht, an deren in das Innenrohr eintauchenden Ende ein Kolben angeordnet ist, der das Innere des Innenrohrs in eine untere Kammer und eine obere Kammer teilt. Dabei ist an dem Kolben eine Ventilanordnung angeordnet, mittels welcher ein in dem Innenrohr aufgenommenes Arbeitsmedium beim Verfahren des Kolbens im Innenrohr aus der unteren Kammer in die obere Kammer und umgekehrt strömen kann. Am oberen Ende des Innenrohres ist eine zweite Ventilanordnung angeordnet, mittels welcher das in dem Innenrohr aufgenommene Arbeitsmedium beim Verfahren des Kolbens im Innenrohr aus der oberen Kammer lediglich in das als Tank für das Arbeitsmedium dienende Innere des Gehäuses strömen kann. Schließlich weist das Innenrohr an seinem unteren Ende eine dritte Ventilanordnung auf, mittels welcher das in dem als Tank dienenden Inneren des Gehäuses aufgenommene Arbeitsmedium beim Verfahren des Kolbens im Innenrohr lediglich in die untere Kammer des Innenrohres strömen kann.
Solche Stoßdämpfer nach dem Stand der Technik werden üblicherweise als Zweirohrdämpfer bezeichnet. Derartige Zweirohrdämpfer werden als passive Stoßdämpfer zum Einen als nicht verstellbare und zum Anderen als verstellbare Stoßdämpfer verwendet.The document EP0322608 A2 discloses a shock absorber according to the preamble of claim 1. A shock absorber according to the preamble of claim 1 is exemplary in the FIG. 1 shown. This prior art shock absorber comprises a housing having an inner tube disposed thereon, with a piston rod immersed in the inner tube, at the end of which it inserts into the inner tube a piston is arranged, the interior of the inner tube into a lower chamber and an upper chamber Splits. In this case, a valve arrangement is arranged on the piston, by means of which a recorded in the inner tube working fluid can flow during the process of the piston in the inner tube from the lower chamber into the upper chamber and vice versa. At the upper end of the inner tube, a second valve arrangement is arranged, by means of which the working medium received in the inner tube can flow during the process of the piston in the inner tube from the upper chamber only in serving as a tank for the working medium interior of the housing. Finally, at its lower end, the inner tube has a third valve arrangement, by means of which the working medium accommodated in the interior of the housing serving as a tank can only flow into the lower chamber of the inner tube when the piston is moved in the inner tube.
Such prior art shock absorbers are commonly referred to as twin-tube dampers. Such twin-tube dampers are used as passive shock absorbers on the one hand as non-adjustable and on the other as adjustable shock absorbers.

Bei einem nicht verstellbaren Zweirohrdämpfer sind die Eigenschaften des Dämpfers beziehungsweise der Dämpfung fest definiert, sodass der Strömungswiderstand des Arbeitsmediums durch die in dem Dämpfer verwendeten Ventilanordnungen festgelegt ist.In a non-adjustable twin-tube damper, the properties of the damper or the damping are firmly defined, so that the flow resistance of the working medium is determined by the valve arrangements used in the damper.

Verstellbare Zweirohrdämpfer werden dann angewendet, wenn die zu leistende Arbeit des Stoßdämpfers an entsprechende Fahrzeugzustände eines Fahrzeuges, in welches ein solcher verstellbarer Zweirohrdämpfer eingebaut ist, beziehungsweise den gefederten, unterschiedlich großen Massen anzupassen ist. Bei solchen passiven, hydraulisch verstellbaren Zweirohrdämpfern wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass der Strömungswiderstand über eine variable Ventilbohrung in der an dem Kolben angeordneten Ventilanordnung zwischen der oberen und der unteren Kammer des Innenrohres des Dämpfers verändert werden kann.Adjustable twin-tube dampers are used when the work to be done by the shock absorber is to be adapted to corresponding vehicle states of a vehicle in which such an adjustable twin-tube damper is installed or to the sprung, differently sized masses. In such passive, hydraulically adjustable twin-tube dampers this is achieved in that the flow resistance can be varied via a variable valve bore in the arranged on the piston valve assembly between the upper and the lower chamber of the inner tube of the damper.

Ein weiteres Merkmal von passiv, nicht verstellbar betriebenen Dämpfern besteht darin, dass die bei einem definierten Arbeitshub ausgetauschte Ölmenge immer gleich ist. Der Strömungswiderstand ist allein von der Geschwindigkeit des Kolbens innerhalb des Innenrohres abhängig.Another feature of passive, non-adjustable dampers is that the amount of oil exchanged during a defined stroke is always the same. The flow resistance depends solely on the velocity of the piston within the inner tube.

Bei passiv, verstellbar betriebenen Dämpfern wird bei ebenfalls gleichdefiniertem Hub der Strömungswiderstand zusätzlich zu der Geschwindigkeit des Kolbens durch die Veränderung des Ventilquerschnittes der Ventilanordnung im Kolben beeinflusst. Die ausgetauschte Ölmenge ist bei definiertem Hub ebenfalls gleich.In the case of passive, adjustably operated dampers, the flow resistance is also influenced, in addition to the speed of the piston, by the change in the valve cross-section of the valve arrangement in the piston, with a similarly defined stroke. The exchanged oil quantity is also the same at a defined stroke.

Nachfolgend wird die Funktionsweise eines solchen Zweirohrdämpfers nach dem Stand der Technik kurz erläutert.The operation of such a twin-tube damper according to the prior art will be briefly explained below.

Beim Einfahren des Dämpfers bewegt sich der Kolben im Innenrohr nach unten, sodass die untere Kammer des Innenrohres in ihrem Volumen abnimmt, während die obere Kammer des Innenrohres in ihrem Volumen zunimmt. Bei diesem Einfahren des Dämpfers wird über die Ventilanordnung des Kolbens eine gewisse Menge an Öl, welches hier als Arbeitsmedium dient, von der unteren Kammer in die obere Kammer geleitet, wobei dadurch ein definierter Strömungswiderstand über die Ventilanordnung des Kolbens durch dessen Geschwindigkeit erzeugt wird. Die dabei durch das Eintauchen der Kolbenstange zusätzlich verdrängte Ölmenge in der oberen Kammer des Innerohres wird über die am oberen Ende des Innerohres angeordnete Ventilanordnung in das als Tank für das Arbeitsmedium beziehungsweise Öl dienende Gehäuse abgeleitet.When retracting the damper, the piston moves in the inner tube down, so that the lower chamber of the inner tube decreases in volume, while the upper chamber of the inner tube increases in volume. In this retraction of the damper, a certain amount of oil, which serves as a working medium, passed from the lower chamber into the upper chamber via the valve assembly of the piston, thereby a defined flow resistance through the valve assembly of the piston is generated by the speed thereof. The thereby additionally displaced by the immersion of the piston rod amount of oil in the upper chamber of the inner ear is discharged via the arranged at the upper end of the inner ear valve assembly in the serving as a tank for the working fluid or oil housing.

Wird nun das Ausfahren des Dämpfers initiiert, bewegt sich der Kolben innerhalb des Innenrohres unter Volumenreduzierung der oberen Kammer und Volumenerhöhung der unteren Kammer nach oben, wobei die auszutauschende Menge an Öl beziehungsweise Arbeitsmittel über die Ventilanordnung am oberen Ende des Innerohres von der oberen Kammer in das als Tank für das Arbeitsmedium dienende Innere des Gehäuses beziehungsweise den dortigen Ölsumpf geleitet wird. Die Differenzmenge an Öl beziehungsweise Arbeitsmittel, die durch das Ausfahren der Kolbenstange erforderlich ist, wird über die am Boden des Innenrohres angeordnete Ventilanordnung aus dem als Tank für das Arbeitsmedium dienenden Innere des Gehäuses beziehungsweise dem dortigen Ölsumpf nachgesaugt.Now, when the extension of the damper is initiated, the piston moves inside the inner tube with volume reduction of the upper chamber and volume increase of the lower chamber up, the exchanged amount of oil or working fluid through the valve assembly at the upper end of the inner ear of the upper chamber in the serving as a tank for the working medium inside the housing or the local oil sump is passed. The difference in the quantity of oil or working fluid required by the extension of the piston rod is sucked in via the valve arrangement arranged at the bottom of the inner tube from the interior of the housing or the oil sump serving as a tank for the working medium.

Wie gerade verdeutlicht, bewegt sich das Arbeitsmittel beziehungsweise das Öl innerhalb des Dämpfers in einem Kreislauf.As just clarified, the working fluid or the oil within the damper moves in a cycle.

Dadurch, dass ein solcher Zweirohrdämpfer für seine Anwendung - passiv verstellbar oder passiv nicht verstellbar - entsprechend vorkonfektioniert sein muss, ist es nicht möglich, einen einmal bereitgestellten Dämpfer für einen anderen Anwendungszweck zu verwenden.The fact that such a two-pipe damper for its application - passively adjustable or passive non-adjustable - must be pre-assembled accordingly, it is not possible to use a once provided damper for a different purpose.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Stoßdämpfer der eingangs genannten Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welchem verschiedene Anwendungszwecke realisierbar sind.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a shock absorber of the type mentioned, with which various applications can be realized.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Stoßdämpfer mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers finden sich in den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by a shock absorber with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the shock absorber according to the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Der erfindungsgemäße Stoßdämpfer weist neben den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patenanspruchs 1 zusätzlich die Merkmale auf, dass zwischen einem ersten Anschlusselement der unteren Kammer des Innenrohres (2) und einem zweiten Anschlusselement an der oberen Kammer des Innenrohres wenigstens ein Proportional-Stromregelventil angeordnet ist.The shock absorber according to the invention, in addition to the features of the preamble of claim 1 additionally the features that between a first connection element of the lower chamber of the inner tube (2) and a second connection element on the upper chamber of the inner tube at least one proportional flow control valve is arranged.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Stoßdämpfers ist es möglich, den erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfer nunmehr passiv verstellbar, aktiv verstellbar, semiaktiv verstellbar und über eine entsprechende Ansteuerung des wenigstens einen Proportional-Stromregelventils zur Steuerung des Strömungswiderstandes des Arbeitsmediums in der Ventilanordnung des Kolbens adaptiv zu betreiben.The inventive design of the shock absorber, it is possible to passively adjustable shock absorber according to the invention, actively adjustable, semi-adjustable and operate adaptively via a corresponding control of the at least one proportional flow control valve for controlling the flow resistance of the working fluid in the valve assembly of the piston.

Solche erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfer können nicht nur in den Radaufhängungen und Federbeinen der unterschiedlichsten Fahrzeuge Verwendung finden. Vielmehr ist es auch möglich, damit Schwingungen von Sitzen, insbesondere von gefederten Fahrzeugsitzen und gefederten Kabinen zu dämpfen. Zudem ist eine Kombination einer Dämpfung einer Kabinenfederung und gefederten Fahrsitze, beispielsweise eines Schienenfahrzeuges denkbar. Auch ist der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfer nicht auf solche Einsätze beschränkt, sondern kann in allen möglichen Vorrichtungen zum Einsatz kommen, bei denen eine entsprechende Dämpfung von Schwingungen wünschenswert ist.Such shock absorbers according to the invention can be found not only in the wheel suspensions and struts of different vehicles use. Rather, it is also possible to dampen vibrations of seats, in particular of sprung vehicle seats and sprung cabins. In addition, a combination of damping of a cabin suspension and sprung driving seats, such as a rail vehicle is conceivable. Also, the use of the shock absorber according to the invention is not limited to such uses, but can be used in all possible devices in which a corresponding damping of vibrations is desirable.

Durch das wenigstens eine Proportional-Stromregelventil, welches zwischen einer an dem unteren Anschlusselement angeschlossenen Druckleitung und einer an dem oberen Anschlusselement angeschlossenen Druckleitung angeordnet ist, ist es möglich, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in den Druckleitungen zwischen dem oberen Anschlusselement und dem Proportional-Stromregelventil und der unteren Druckleitung und dem Proportional-Stromregelventil kontinuierlich zwischen den Zuständen des Proportional-Stromregelventils vollständig geschlossen und vollständig geöffnet zu variieren. Somit ist eine einstellbare kontinuierliche Dämpfung möglich, durch welche nicht nur zwischen einer harten und einer weichen Dämpfung gewählt werden kann, sondern auch zwischen allen Dämpfungswerten dazwischen.By means of the at least one proportional flow control valve, which is arranged between a pressure line connected to the lower connection element and a pressure line connected to the upper connection element, it is possible to control the flow velocity in the pressure lines between the upper connection element and the proportional flow control valve and the lower pressure line and the proportional flow control valve continuously between the states of the proportional flow control valve fully closed and fully open to vary. Thus, an adjustable continuous damping is possible, by which not only between a hard and a soft damping can be chosen, but also between all attenuation values in between.

Nach einer ersten vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das wenigstens eine Proportional-Stromregelventil manuell einstellbar ausgebildet, sodass es von einem Benutzer mit der Hand auf einen entsprechenden Wert eingestellt werden kann. Allerdings muss bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung ein neuer Wert immer direkt am Proportional-Stromventil händisch eingestellt werden.According to a first advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one proportional flow control valve is manually adjustable, so that it can be adjusted by a user by hand to a corresponding value. However, in such a configuration, a new value must always be set manually directly on the proportional flow valve.

Daher ist es sinnvoll, das wenigstens eine Proportional-Stromregelventil automatisiert, insbesondere elektromotorisch, einstellbar ausgebildet ist. Hiedurch ist eine komfortable Einstellung, gegebenenfalls auch ferngesteuert möglich, ohne dass direkt am Proportional-Stromregelventil Einstellungen vom Benutzer vorgenommen werden müssen.Therefore, it makes sense that at least one proportional flow control valve is automated, in particular electromotive, adjustable. This makes a comfortable setting, if necessary also remotely possible, without the user having to make settings directly on the proportional flow control valve.

Insbesondere bei der Verwendung von zwei Proportional-Stromregelventilen ist es ermöglicht, dass die Druckstufe - beim Einfahren des Kolbens in den Stoßdämpfer - und die Zugstufe - beim Ausfahren des Kolbens aus den Stoßdämpfer - nicht nur synchron einstellbar sind, sondern auch separat.In particular, when using two proportional flow control valves, it is possible that the pressure level - during retraction of the piston in the shock absorber - and rebound - when the piston is extended from the shock absorber - not only synchronously adjustable, but also separately.

Nach einem anderen Gedanken der Erfindung ist zur Steuerung des Strömungswiderstandes des Arbeitsmediums in der Ventilanordnung des Kolbens zusätzlich ein Hydraulikpumpenantrieb vorgesehen, welcher zwischen einer an dem unteren Anschlusselement angeschlossenen Druckleitung und einer an dem oberen Anschlusselement angeschlossenen Druckleitung angeordnet ist. Über einen solchen Hydraulikpumpenantrieb kann die bei einem definierten Verfahren des Kolbens im Innenrohr ausgetauschte Arbeitsmedium- beziehungsweise Ölmenge erhöht und/oder reduziert werden. Durch diese Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, eine Niveausteuerung des Stoßdämpfers zusätzlich zur Erhöhung beziehungsweise Absenkung der Dämpferkräfte zu erzielen. Insbesondere kann eine solche Ausgestaltung bei einem Sitz, insbesondere bei einem Fahrersitz eines Schienenfahrzeuges, zur Sitzhöhenkorrektur beziehungsweise ansonsten auch für eine temporäre Nivellierung genutzt werden.According to another idea of the invention, a hydraulic pump drive is additionally provided for controlling the flow resistance of the working medium in the valve arrangement of the piston, which is arranged between a pressure line connected to the lower connection element and a pressure line connected to the upper connection element. About such a hydraulic pump drive can be increased and / or reduced in a defined method of the piston in the inner tube exchanged Arbeitsmedium- or amount of oil. With this configuration, it is possible to achieve a level control of the shock absorber in addition to increasing or decreasing the damping forces. In particular, such a configuration can be used in a seat, in particular in a driver's seat of a rail vehicle, for seat height correction or otherwise also for a temporary leveling.

Natürlich ist es auch möglich, als Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Strömungswiderstandes des Arbeitsmediums in der Ventilanordnung des Kolbens einen Hydraulikpumpenantrieb in Kombination mit einem Proportional-Stromregelventil, vorzusehen. Hierdurch können die zuvor für die einzelnen Einrichtungen beschriebenen Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in Kombination genutzt werden.Of course, it is also possible to provide a hydraulic pump drive in combination with a proportional flow control valve as means for controlling the flow resistance of the working medium in the valve arrangement of the piston. As a result, the advantages and applications described above for the individual devices can be used in combination.

Weiterhin hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, dass der Hydraulikpumpenantrieb eine regelbare Pumpe und einen Motor für die Pumpe aufweist.Furthermore, it has been found to be advantageous that the hydraulic pump drive has a controllable pump and a motor for the pump.

Da beim Betrieb einer Pumpe immer auch mit entsprechenden Leckagen, insbesondere, wenn mit hohen Drücken gearbeitet wird, gerechnet werden muss, ist zwischen dem als Tank für das Arbeitsmedium dienenden Gehäuse und dem Hydraulikpumpenantrieb, insbesondere der regelbaren Pumpe, eine Leckleitung für das Arbeitsmedium vorgesehen. Durch eine solche Leckleitung kann das an der Pumpe austretende Arbeitsmedium beziehungsweise Öl in den Tank zurückgeführt werden, sodass der Arbeitsmittel- beziehungsweise Ölverbrauch des erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers reduziert und eine Umweltverschmutzung vermieden ist.Since the operation of a pump always with corresponding leaks, especially when working with high pressures, can be expected, is provided between the serving as a tank for the working fluid housing and the hydraulic pump drive, in particular the controllable pump, a leakage line for the working fluid. By such a leakage line emerging at the pump working fluid or oil can be returned to the tank, so that the Arbeitsmittel- or oil consumption of the shock absorber according to the invention is reduced and pollution is avoided.

Zum Druckausgleich kann zudem zwischen dem als Tank für das Arbeitsmedium dienenden Gehäuse und der unteren Druckleitung und/oder der oberen Druckleitung eine Nachsaugleitung für das Arbeitsmedium vorgesehen sein. Diese Nachsaugleitung kann zudem über Rückschlagventile von der unteren Druckleitung und/oder der oberen Druckleitung getrennt sein.For pressure equalization can also be provided between the serving as a tank for the working medium housing and the lower pressure line and / or the upper pressure line, a Nachsaugleitung for the working fluid. This Nachsaugleitung can also over Check valves from the lower pressure line and / or the upper pressure line to be separated.

Nach einem anderen Gedanken der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass an dem oberen Ende des Innenrohres ein Steigrohr angeordnet ist, welches in das in dem Gehäuse aufgenommenen Arbeitsmedium oder Öl beziehungsweise den Arbeitsmittel- oder Ölsumpf hineinragt und mittels welchem das Arbeitsmedium beziehungsweise Öl aus dem als Tank dienenden Gehäuse in die obere Kammer des Innenrohres überführbar ist. Dieses Steigrohr dient insbesondere dazu, dass bei einem externen Betrieb, bei dem die Arbeitsmittelmenge beziehungsweise Ölmenge zwischen der unteren Kammer und der oberen Kammer über eine Hydraulikpumpe ausgetauscht werden kann, keine Kavitation entsteht. Dadurch ist durch das Steigrohr auch bei Anschluss einer Hydraulikpumpe an die Anschlusselemente der oberen und unteren Kammer ein geschlossener Ölkreislauf gewährleistet.According to another aspect of the invention, it is provided that at the upper end of the inner tube, a riser pipe is arranged, which projects into the recorded in the housing working fluid or oil or the working fluid or oil sump and by means of which the working fluid or oil from the tank serving housing into the upper chamber of the inner tube can be transferred. This riser is used in particular that in an external operation in which the working fluid quantity or amount of oil between the lower chamber and the upper chamber can be replaced by a hydraulic pump, no cavitation arises. As a result, a closed oil circuit is ensured by the riser pipe even when connecting a hydraulic pump to the connection elements of the upper and lower chamber.

Weitere Ziele, Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnungen. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen und/oder bildlich dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger sinnvoller Kombination den Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, auch unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Ansprüchen oder deren Rückbeziehung.Other objects, advantages, features and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. All described and / or illustrated features alone or in any meaningful combination form the subject matter of the present invention, also independent of their summary in the claims or their dependency.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
ein Stoßdämpfer nach dem Stand der Technik,
Figur 2:
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers,
Figur 3:
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers,
Figur 4:
ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers,
Figur 5:
ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers,
Figur 6:
ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers und
Figur 7
einen Fahrzeugsitz mit Federung, in welchen ein erfindungsgemäßer Stoßdämpfer eingebaut ist.
Show it:
FIG. 1:
a shock absorber according to the prior art,
FIG. 2:
A first embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention,
FIG. 3:
A second embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention,
FIG. 4:
A third embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention,
FIG. 5:
A fourth embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention,
FIG. 6:
A fifth embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention and
FIG. 7
a vehicle seat with suspension, in which a shock absorber according to the invention is installed.

In Figur 2 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers gezeigt. Der Stoßdämpfer besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Gehäuse 1, welches rohrförmig ausgebildet ist, in dem ein im Inneren des Gehäuses (1) angeordnetes und hier nicht gezeigtes Innenrohr 2 ortsfest angeordnet ist. Das Gehäuse (1) ist dabei in seinem Inneren prinzipiell so aufgebaut wie das des Standes der Technik gemäß Figur 1 beziehungsweise wie in der Darstellung der Figur 5. In dem Innenrohr 2 ist ein Kolben 5 mittels einer Kolbenstange 6 hin und her verfahrbar, wobei das Innenrohr 2 durch den Kolben 5 in eine obere Kammer 4 und in eine untere Kammer 3 geteilt ist. Das Innenrohr 2 ist dabei vollständig mit einem Arbeitsmedium vorzugsweise mit einem Öl gefüllt. In dem Kolben 5 ist dabei eine erste Ventilanordnung 9 angebracht. Diese Ventilanordnung 9 ist derart ausgestaltet, dass es durch das Öl in beide Richtungen passierbar ist. Da beim Verfahren des Kolbens 5 innerhalb des Innenrohres 2 von oben nach unten durch die Kolbenstange 6 zusätzlich Öl verdrängt wird, muss das Öl Gelegenheit haben, aus der oberen Kammer 4 zu entweichen. Dazu ist an dem oberen Ende des Innenrohres 2 eine zweite Ventilanordnung 8 vorgesehen, durch welche Öl aus der oberen Kammer in den als Tank dienenden Behälter 1 entweichen kann. Die Ventilanordnung 8 ist dabei nur zur Passage des Öls in diese Richtung ausgelegt. Ein Durchtritt von Öl aus dem Behälter 1 in die obere Kammer 4 des Innenrohres 2 ist durch die Ventilanordnung 8 hindurch nicht möglich. Da beim Verfahren des Kolbens 5 innerhalb des Innenrohres 2 von unten nach oben die untere Kammer 3 eine Volumenvergrößerung erfährt, während die obere Kammer eine Volumenreduzierung erfährt, ist am unteren Ende des Innenrohres 2 eine dritte Ventilanordnung 7 vorgesehen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, dass Öl aus dem Behälter 1, in welchem es bevorratet wird, in die untere Kammer 3 des Innenrohres 2 hineintritt, während aufgrund der Volumenreduzierung der oberen Kammer 4 dortiges Öl über die Ventilanordnung 8 in den Behälter 1 gelangt.In FIG. 2 a first embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention is shown. The shock absorber consists essentially of a housing 1, which is tubular, in which a in the interior of the housing (1) arranged and not shown here inner tube 2 is arranged stationary. The housing (1) is in principle designed in its interior as that of the prior art according to FIG. 1 or as in the representation of FIG. 5 , In the inner tube 2, a piston 5 is reciprocable by means of a piston rod 6, wherein the inner tube 2 is divided by the piston 5 into an upper chamber 4 and into a lower chamber 3. The inner tube 2 is completely filled with a working medium, preferably with an oil. In the piston 5, a first valve assembly 9 is attached. This valve assembly 9 is designed such that it is passable by the oil in both directions. Since in the process of the piston 5 within the inner tube 2 from top to bottom by the piston rod 6 additional oil is displaced, the oil must have the opportunity to escape from the upper chamber 4. For this purpose, a second valve arrangement 8 is provided at the upper end of the inner tube 2, through which oil can escape from the upper chamber in the tank 1 serving as a tank. The valve assembly 8 is designed only for passage of the oil in this direction. A passage of oil from the container 1 into the upper chamber 4 of the inner tube 2 is not possible through the valve assembly 8 therethrough. Since the process of the piston 5 within the inner tube 2 from bottom to top, the lower chamber 3 undergoes an increase in volume, while the upper chamber undergoes a reduction in volume, a third valve assembly 7 is provided at the lower end of the inner tube 2. This makes it possible that oil from the container 1, in which it is stored in the lower chamber 3 of the inner tube 2 enters, while due to the volume reduction of the upper chamber 4 there oil passes through the valve assembly 8 into the container 1.

Im Gegensatz zum Gehäuse zum Stand der Technik gemäß Figur 1 weist dieses Ausführungsbeispiel an der oberen Kammer 4 des Innenrohres 2 ein Anschlusselement 12 und die untere Kammer 3 des Innenrohres 2 ein Anschlusselement 13 auf.In contrast to the housing according to the prior art according to FIG. 1 For example, this exemplary embodiment has a connection element 12 on the upper chamber 4 of the inner tube 2 and the lower chamber 3 of the inner tube 2 has a connection element 13.

An die Anschlusselemente 12 und 13 ist als eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Strömungswiderstandes des Arbeitsmediums beziehungsweise Öles in der Ventilanordnung 9 am Kolben 5 ein Proportional-Stromregelventil (22) angeschlossen. Das Proportional-Stromregelventil (22) in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist manuell einstellbar.To the connection elements 12 and 13 is as a means for controlling the flow resistance of the working medium or oil in the valve assembly 9 on the piston 5 a proportional flow control valve (22) connected. The proportional flow control valve (22) in this embodiment is manually adjustable.

Mittels eines solchen Proportional-Stromregelventils 22 ist es möglich, den Strömungswiderstand des Öls darin in Anhängigkeit von der Stromstärke zu regeln. Insofern ist es hiermit möglich, über dieses Proportional-Stromregelventil 22 die Leistung des Stoßdämpfers und somit die Dämpfung entsprechend den erforderlichen Lastfällen anzupassen. Eine passive Grundeinstellung des Stoßdämpfers ist hierbei als harte Einstellung vorgesehen, wobei der Stoßdämpfer in diesem unbestromten Zustand seine höchste Leistung erbringt. Bei Aktivierung des Proportional-Stromregelventils 22 wird eine Reduzierung der Dämpferkräfte bewirkt, da ein gewisser Anteil des Ölaustausches zwischen der Kammer 3 und der Kammer 4 über die Druckleitungen 17 und 18 und das Proportional-Stromregelventil 22 umgeleitet wird. Je höher die Stromstärke ist, desto mehr Öl kann durch das Proportional-Stromregelventil hindurchfließen, sodass der Stoßdämpfer mit steigender Stromstärke weicher eingestellt wird. Der Stoßdämpfer kann daher sowohl semiaktiv als auch passiv betrieben werden.By means of such a proportional flow control valve 22, it is possible to control the flow resistance of the oil therein as a function of the current intensity. In this respect, it is hereby possible to adjust the power of the shock absorber and thus the damping according to the required load cases via this proportional flow control valve 22. A passive basic setting of the shock absorber is provided here as a hard setting, the shock absorber in this de-energized state provides its highest performance. Upon activation of the proportional flow control valve 22, a reduction in the damper forces is effected because some of the oil exchange between the chamber 3 and the chamber 4 is diverted via the pressure lines 17 and 18 and the proportional flow control valve 22. The higher the current, the more oil can flow through the Proportional Flow Control Valve, softening the shock with increasing current. The shock absorber can therefore be operated both semi-active and passive.

In Figur 3 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfers gezeigt. Hierbei sind als Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Strömungswiderstandes des Arbeitsmediums in der Ventilanordnung 9 des Kolbens 5 zwei manuell einstellbare Proportional-Stromregelventile (22) vorgesehen, welche zwischen einer an dem unteren Anschlusselement 13 angeschlossenen Druckleitung 18 und einer an dem oberen Anschlusselement 14 angeschlossenen Druckleitung 17 angeordnet sind. Mittels dieser beiden Proportional-Stromregelventilen (22) ist es ermöglicht, dass die Druckstufe - beim Einfahren des Kolbens in den Stoßdämpfer - und die Zugstufe - beim Ausfahren des Kolbens aus dem Stoßdämpfer - nicht nur synchron einstellbar sind, sondern auch separat. Obwohl in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel die beiden Proportional-Stromregelventile (22) manuell einstellbar sind, ist der gleiche Vorteil der synchronen beziehungsweise separaten Einstellmöglichkeit der Zug- beziehungsweise Druckstufe natürlich auch mit automatisiert einstellbaren Proportional-Stromregelventilen (22) erzielbar.In FIG. 3 is shown a further embodiment of a shock absorber according to the invention. In this case, two manually adjustable proportional flow control valves (22) are provided as means for controlling the flow resistance of the working medium in the valve assembly 9 of the piston 5, which is arranged between a pressure line 18 connected to the lower connection element 13 and a pressure line 17 connected to the upper connection element 14 are. By means of these two proportional flow control valves (22), it is possible that the pressure level - during retraction of the piston in the shock absorber - and the rebound - when the piston is extended from the shock absorber - not only synchronously adjustable, but also separately. Although in this embodiment, the two proportional flow control valves (22) are manually adjustable, the same advantage of the synchronous or separate adjustment of the train or pressure stage is of course also achievable with automatically adjustable proportional flow control valves (22).

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Figur 4 ist zur Steuerung des Strömungswiderstandes des Arbeitsmediums in der Ventilanordnung 9 des Kolbens 5 ein solches automatisiert, beispielsweise durch einen elektromotorischen Antrieb, einstellbares Proportional-Stromregelventil (22) vorgesehen.In the embodiment according to the FIG. 4 is to control the flow resistance of the working fluid in the valve assembly 9 of the piston 5 such automated, for example, by an electric motor drive, adjustable proportional flow control valve (22) is provided.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Figur 6 ist zur Steuerung des Strömungswiderstandes des Arbeitsmediums in der Ventilanordnung 9 des Kolbens 5 zusätzlich zu den einstellbaren Proportional-Stromregelventilen (22) ein Hydraulikpumpenantrieb vorgesehen, der hier vorliegend aus einer regelbaren Pumpe 15 und einem Pumpenmotor 16 besteht. Die Pumpe 15 ist dabei reversierbar ausgebildet, sodass sie Öl sowohl aus der unteren Kammer 3 in die obere Kammer 4 des Innenrohres 2 als auch in umgekehrte Richtung pumpen kann. Mittels einer solchen Pumpe 15 kann die bei einem definierten Hub des Kolbens 5 innerhalb des Innenrohres 2 ausgetauschte Ölmenge zwischen der unteren Kammer 3 und der oberen Kammer 4 erhöht beziehungsweise reduziert werden. Dies bewirkt zum Einen eine Erhöhung/Absenkung der Dämpferkräfte entgegen der Einleitung des Öls, zum Anderen kann mit diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine Sitzhöhenkorrektur bei einem Einsatz eines solchen Dämpfers an einem Sitz erfolgen, beziehungsweise generell eine temporäre Nivellierung des Stoßdämpfers vorgenommen werden.In the embodiment according to the FIG. 6 is to control the flow resistance of the working fluid in the valve assembly 9 of the piston 5 in addition to the adjustable proportional flow control valves (22) provided a hydraulic pump drive, which here consists of a controllable pump 15 and a pump motor 16. The pump 15 is designed to be reversible, so that it can pump oil both from the lower chamber 3 in the upper chamber 4 of the inner tube 2 and in the reverse direction. By means of such a pump 15 at a defined stroke of the piston 5 within the inner tube 2 exchanged oil quantity between the lower chamber 3 and the upper chamber 4 can be increased or reduced. This causes on the one hand an increase / decrease of the damper forces against the introduction of the oil, on the other hand can be done with this embodiment, a seat height correction when using such a damper on a seat, or generally a temporary leveling of the shock absorber are made.

Da bei Pumpensystemen auch immer mit einer gewissen Leckrate zu rechnen ist, ist in dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 4 eine Leckleitung 21 vorgesehen, mit welcher aus der Pumpe 15 austretendes Öl wieder in den als Tank für das Öl dienenden Behälter 1 zurückgeführt wird.Since a certain leak rate must always be expected in the case of pump systems, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG FIG. 4 a leakage line 21 is provided, with which from the pump 15 leaking oil is returned to the serving as a tank for the oil tank 1.

Ferner weist dieses Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 6 auch eine Nachsaugleitung 20 auf, mittels welcher die Pumpe 15 beim Betrieb mit der gegebenenfalls notwendigen Nachsaugölmenge versorgt werden kann. Dabei weist diese Nachsaugleitung 20 Anschlüsse an die Druckleitungen 17 und 18 auf, wobei diese über Rückschlagventile 19 voneinander getrennt sind.Furthermore, this embodiment, the FIG. 6 Also, a Nachsaugleitung 20, by means of which the pump 15 can be supplied during operation with the possibly necessary Nachsaugölmenge. In this case, this Nachsaugleitung 20 connections to the pressure lines 17 and 18, which are separated by check valves 19 from each other.

Ferner können auch alle Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 2 bis 4 wie die Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 5 und 6 ein am oberen Ende des Innenrohres 2 angeordnetes Steigrohr 14 aufweisen, welches über einen Ölsumpfspiegel 11 in den Ölsumpf 10 innerhalb des Behälters 1 hineinragt. Diese Steigleitung 14 dient dazu, dass bei externem Betrieb des Stoßdämpfers, bei dem die Ölmenge zwischen der unteren Kammer 3 und der oberen Kammer 4 über eine Hydraulikpumpe ausgetauscht wird, keine Kavitation entsteht. Solche Kavitationen wären nachteilig für die Arbeitsweise des Stoßdämpfers. Ferner garantiert dieses Steigrohr 14 auch bei externem Betrieb, dass ein geschlossener Ölkreislauf sichergestellt ist.Furthermore, all embodiments of the FIGS. 2 to 4 like the embodiments of the Figures 5 and 6 a arranged at the upper end of the inner tube 2 riser 14, which protrudes into the oil sump 10 within the container 1 via an oil sump mirror 11. This riser 14 serves to prevent cavitation during external operation of the shock absorber, in which the quantity of oil between the lower chamber 3 and the upper chamber 4 is exchanged via a hydraulic pump. Such cavitations would be detrimental to the operation of the shock absorber. Furthermore, this riser 14 guarantees even with external operation that a closed oil circuit is ensured.

In der Figur 7 ist ein Fahrzeugsitz 30 dargestellt, welcher über eine Federung 32 verfügt, deren Schwingungen mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpfer 31 gedämpft werden.In the FIG. 7 is a vehicle seat 30 is shown, which has a suspension 32, the vibrations are damped with a shock absorber 31 according to the invention.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Gehäusecasing
22
Innenrohrinner tube
33
Kammerchamber
44
Kammerchamber
55
Kolbenpiston
66
Kolbenstangepiston rod
77
Ventilanordnungvalve assembly
88th
Ventilanordnungvalve assembly
99
Ventilanordnungvalve assembly
1010
Ölsumpfoil sump
1111
ÖlsumpfspiegelOil sump levels
1212
Anschlusselementconnecting element
1313
Anschlusselementconnecting element
1414
Steigrohrriser
1515
Pumpepump
1616
Motorengine
1717
Druckleitungpressure line
1818
Druckleitungpressure line
1919
Rückschlagventilcheck valve
2020
Nachsaugleitungsubsequent suction
2121
Leckleitungleakage line
2222
Proportional-StromregelventilProportional flow control valve

Claims (10)

  1. Shock absorber comprising:
    a) a housing (1),
    b) an inner tube (2) arranged in the housing (1),
    c) a piston rod (6) that plunges into the inner tube,
    d) a piston (5) arranged on the end of the piston rod (6) that plunges into the inner tube (2), which piston divides the inside of the inner tube (2) into a lower chamber (3) and an upper chamber (4),
    e) a first valve arrangement (9) arranged on the piston (5), by means of which a working medium received in the inner tube (2) can flow out of the lower chamber (3) into the upper chamber (4) and vice versa when the piston (5) is moved in the inner tube (2),
    f) a second valve arrangement (8) arranged on the upper end of the inner tube (2),
    g) a third valve arrangement (7) arranged on the lower end of the inner tube (2), it being possible, by means of the second valve arrangement (8), for the working medium received in the inner tube (2) to flow out of the upper chamber (4) only into the inside of the housing (1) used as a tank for the working medium when the piston (5) is moved in the inner tube (2), and it being possible, by means of the third valve arrangement (7), for the working medium received in the inside of the housing (1) used as a tank to flow out of the inside of the housing (1) used as a tank only into the lower chamber (3) when the piston (5) is moved in the inner tube (2), characterised in that at least one proportional flow control valve (22) is arranged between a first connection element (13) of the lower chamber (3) of the inner tube (2) and a second connection element (12) at the upper chamber (4) of the inner tube (2).
  2. Shock absorber according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the at least one proportional flow control valve (22) is manually adjustable.
  3. Shock absorber according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the at least one proportional flow control valve (22) is adjustable in an automated manner, in particular by means of an electric motor.
  4. Shock absorber according to any of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that
    two proportional flow control valves (22) that are connected in parallel are provided.
  5. Shock absorber according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    a hydraulic pump drive in combination with at least one proportional flow control valve (22) is provided in addition for controlling the flow resistance of the working medium in the first valve arrangement (9), said hydraulic pump drive being arranged between a pressure line (18) connected at the lower connection element (13) and a pressure line (17) connected at the upper connection element (14).
  6. Shock absorber according to claim 5,
    characterised in that
    the hydraulic pump drive comprises a controllable pump (15) and a motor (16) for the pump (15).
  7. Shock absorber according to either claim 5 or claim 6,
    characterised in that
    a leakage line (21) for the working medium is provided between the housing (1) used as a tank for the working medium and the hydraulic pump drive, in particular the controllable pump (15).
  8. Shock absorber according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    a feed line (20) for the working medium is provided between the housing (1) used as a tank for the working medium and the lower pressure line (13) and/or the upper pressure line (14).
  9. Shock absorber according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    a non-return valve (19) is arranged between the feed line (20) and the lower pressure line (13) and/or the upper pressure line (14).
  10. Shock absorber according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    a rising pipe (14) is arranged at the upper end of the inner tube (2), which rising pipe protrudes into the working medium received in the housing (1) and by means of which working medium can be transferred from the housing (1) used as a tank into the upper chamber (4) of the inner tube (2).
EP14783778.5A 2013-10-01 2014-09-25 Vehicle with force-controlled shock absorber with regulating valve Active EP3052328B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013110924.1A DE102013110924B4 (en) 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 Vehicle with force-controlled damper with control valve
PCT/EP2014/070490 WO2015049155A1 (en) 2013-10-01 2014-09-25 Vehicle with force-controlled shock absorber with regulating valve

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EP3052328A1 EP3052328A1 (en) 2016-08-10
EP3052328B1 true EP3052328B1 (en) 2018-07-11

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EP (1) EP3052328B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105593039B (en)
DE (1) DE102013110924B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2015049155A1 (en)

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EP3052328A1 (en) 2016-08-10
US20160230830A1 (en) 2016-08-11
WO2015049155A1 (en) 2015-04-09
CN105593039B (en) 2017-08-15
US9879744B2 (en) 2018-01-30
CN105593039A (en) 2016-05-18
DE102013110924B4 (en) 2018-02-08
DE102013110924A1 (en) 2015-04-02

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