EP3050118A1 - Method for producing a solar cell - Google Patents
Method for producing a solar cellInfo
- Publication number
- EP3050118A1 EP3050118A1 EP14776652.1A EP14776652A EP3050118A1 EP 3050118 A1 EP3050118 A1 EP 3050118A1 EP 14776652 A EP14776652 A EP 14776652A EP 3050118 A1 EP3050118 A1 EP 3050118A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dopant
- layer
- solar cell
- diffusion barrier
- diffusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001505 atmospheric-pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 Al 2 0 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000637 aluminium metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000011712 cell development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/186—Particular post-treatment for the devices, e.g. annealing, impurity gettering, short-circuit elimination, recrystallisation
- H01L31/1864—Annealing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
- H01L31/02363—Special surface textures of the semiconductor body itself, e.g. textured active layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
- H01L31/0682—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells back-junction, i.e. rearside emitter, solar cells, e.g. interdigitated base-emitter regions back-junction cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
- H01L31/0684—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells double emitter cells, e.g. bifacial solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/186—Particular post-treatment for the devices, e.g. annealing, impurity gettering, short-circuit elimination, recrystallisation
- H01L31/1868—Passivation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a solar cell made of crystalline semiconductor material, wherein in a first surface of a semiconductor substrate, a first doping region by thermal diffusion of a first dopant and in the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, a second doping region with a second
- Crystalline silicon solar cells have also recently undergone significant new developments, such as the solar cells of the o. G. Type (especially the so-called n-PERT solar cells) count.
- a prominent example is bifacial n-type solar cells with a boron-doped emitter on the front and a phosphor-doped back surface field (BSF) on the back of the cell.
- BSF back surface field
- the invention provides a method having the features of claim 1.
- Advantageous developments of the inventive concept are the subject of the dependent claims.
- the invention adopts a hybrid approach in which only the phosphorus-doped regions (or, more generally, second dopant regions) are prepared by ion implantation and in boron doping (or more generally doping with the first dopant) are based on established approaches such as gas phase diffusion or doping glasses becomes. in the
- a covering layer which acts primarily as a diffusion barrier layer is formed on that surface in which the second doping regions have been formed, in order to prevent and at least severely impede diffusion of the first dopant there.
- the efficient implementation entails a number of problems, the solution of which, based on the above-mentioned concept, ultimately leads to the implementation of the invention which is optimal from a world viewpoint.
- the preferred process sequence of the present invention is characterized in that the thermal budget of boron diffusion (or diffusion of the first dopant) is used simultaneously to activate the implanted phosphor region (or more generally, the dopant deposit layer of the second dopant).
- a key feature is that after phosphorus ion implantation and before boron diffusion, a multifunctional covering layer on the phosphorus phor Scheme is deposited.
- the cover layer has at least the property of serving as an (in) diffusion barrier for the first dopant (eg boron) and thus preventing it from penetrating into the dopant end deposit layer of the second dopant (especially phosphorus).
- the cover layer has further properties / functions:
- It can act as a (diffusion) diffusion barrier for phosphorus (or more generally, the second dopant).
- Antimony-containing group in particular phosphorus.
- the dopant combination boron / phosphorus which has been mentioned in detail several times above, is of great practical importance with a view to younger, more effectively increasing solar cell developments.
- the proposed method can be carried out as a method for producing a bilaterally contacted solar cell with front-side emitter or a solar cell with rear-side emitter or a MWT (metal wrap-through) solar cell or an IBC (Interdigitad Back Contact) solar cell.
- the first impurity region may be formed as an emitter region in the front surface of an n-type silicon substrate and the second impurity region may be formed as a back surface field in the back surface of the n-type silicon substrate.
- the doping profile of the second doping region relative to that of the first doping region is flatter and / or characterized by a higher surface concentration of the second dopant compared to the first dopant.
- the method is configured such that the formation of the first doping region comprises coating the first and optionally second surfaces with a glass containing the first dopant or providing the first dopant in the gaseous state in a process atmosphere.
- FIGURE shows a schematic cross-sectional representation in the solar cell according to the invention.
- the single figure shows schematically in a cross-sectional representation a solar cell 1 with an n-type crystalline silicon substrate 3 and a pyramid-like structured first (front) surface 3a and second (rear) surface 3b.
- a first doping region (emitter region) 5 is formed in the first surface 3a.
- a flat back surface field 7 is formed by phosphor implantation and subsequent annealing / activation as a second doping region.
- a dense silicon nitride layer or SiN-containing double layer 9a or 9b is deposited as antireflection layer in each case.
- the backside silicon nitride film 9b is a film formed in the back surface 3b after phosphorus implantation but formed in the semiconductor substrate before a step of boron diffusion and left there after a thermal diffusion step.
- the antireflection layer may be supplemented by an additional partial layer of an oxide (such as silicon oxide), which improves the passivation properties of the layer, but is not shown in the figure.
- an oxide such as silicon oxide
- the sequence of manufacture of this solar cell includes the below-mentioned process modules in this order, each process module consisting of one or more process steps.
- Process module 1 Texturing of the wafer
- the wafer can be planarized on the back side.
- several methods are prior art and not relevant to the explanation of the invention.
- Process module 2 Formation of the dopant deposit layer (Phosphor implantation) Phosphorus is implanted in the back of the cell (eg one dose
- the sheet resistance of the phosphor layer after annealing (step 4) is 10-300 ohms / square, preferably 30-120 ohms / square. In an extended embodiment, the
- Implantation selectively, so that the dose is higher below the metallization.
- the implantation may be masked such that an undoped area of 50-1000 ⁇ m width is created between the wafer edge and phosphorus doping in order to ensure electrical isolation between the BSF and the emitter.
- the wafer may optionally be cleaned to remove unwanted phosphor residue and contamination. This can be done in one embodiment by a wet chemical process with one or more steps in water, dilute HF, HN0 3 or H 2 0 2 / HCI. In another embodiment, the purification can be carried out by a plasma process with a hydrogen, oxygen and / or fluorine-containing atmosphere.
- Process module 3 Generation of the diffusion barrier layer
- the cover layer (diffusion barrier layer) on the second substrate surface prevents boron from diffusing into it and is impermeable to oxygen. Furthermore, it is intended to ensure a good passivation, as well as to act as an antireflection coating in the use of the bifacial solar cell.
- the thickness of the Layer is between 1 nm and 250 nm, preferably 30-80 nm.
- the cap layer is deposited by a PECVD process with a process chemistry of one or more gases of the group SiH 4 , N 2 , NH 3 , H 2 , Ar.
- the cover layer with other methods, such. As LPCVD, APCVD or PVD are applied.
- a layer stack in which a Si0 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO or SiON layer is introduced between silicon and SiN, which layer can improve the electrical passivating shafts. (0.5-50 nm, preferably 5 nm)
- a layer of amorphous or polycrystalline silicon can additionally be introduced into the layer stack. (0.5-30 nm, preferably 20 nm).
- Process module 4 boron diffusion and at the same time phosphor activation
- the boron diffusion is carried out by a furnace process in which the wafer is first covered with boron glass in a boron-containing atmosphere.
- Common procursors are BBr 3 and BCI 3 , further process gases N 2 and 0 2 .
- a drive-in step takes place in situ in an inert or oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- document and Eintreib Kunststoffe are at least partially in
- Another possibility is the deposition of a boron glass on the front of the cell (eg by APCVD or PECVD) and subsequent driving in a separate process step.
- the Bordiffusions Council is mainly characterized by the sheet resistance, which is in particular between 30 and 200 ohms / sq, preferably at 45-100 ohms / sq.
- the boron diffusion simultaneously causes the annealing and activation of the phosphorus-doped region.
- the phosphorus also diffuses deeper into the substrate, but through the process with the multifunctional layer slower than the boron.
- the depths of the diffusion regions are between 30 nm and 2500 nm, preferably 400-1000 nm, the depth of the boron preferably being greater than that of the phosphor.
- Process module 5 front side passivation
- Embodiment is not relevant to the invention.
- the boron glass possibly formed in the process module 4 may have to be removed from the front side, which according to the state of the art can be done with a dilute HF solution.
- Process Module 6 Optional Additional Backside Passivation If the diffusion barrier layer formed in process module 3 does not simultaneously act as electrical passivation of the cell backside, it must be removed and replaced with an additional passivation layer. Removal of the topcoat may be accomplished by an extended RF step along with the boron glass removal in step 5.
- an SiO / SiN or SiN layer can be used.
- Process module 7 metallization
- the metallization can be done by industry standard methods and is not relevant to the invention.
- the front side metallization is usually done with a silver grid.
- the backside metallization is also carried out with a silver grid or a full-surface aluminum metallization with local contacts, which z. B. by laser ablation and PVD is produced.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013219603.2A DE102013219603A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | Process for producing a solar cell |
PCT/EP2014/070613 WO2015044342A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-09-26 | Method for producing a solar cell |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3050118A1 true EP3050118A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
Family
ID=51626040
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14776652.1A Withdrawn EP3050118A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-09-26 | Method for producing a solar cell |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160240724A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3050118A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20160061409A (en) |
CN (1) | CN105723520A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013219603A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015044342A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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DE4306565C2 (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-09-28 | Telefunken Microelectron | Process for the production of a blue-sensitive photodetector |
DE10045249A1 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-04-04 | Siemens Ag | Photovoltaic component and method for producing the component |
JP2004193350A (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-07-08 | Sharp Corp | Solar battery cell and its manufacturing method |
ATE547812T1 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2012-03-15 | Imec | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN EMITTER STRUCTURE AND RESULTING EMITTER STRUCTURES |
KR101155343B1 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2012-06-11 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Fabrication method of back contact solar cell |
US20110132444A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-06-09 | Meier Daniel L | Solar cell including sputtered reflective layer and method of manufacture thereof |
KR101027829B1 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-04-07 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Method for fabricating back contact solar cell |
DE102010016122A1 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-09-29 | Q-Cells Se | Production method of a semiconductor solar cell |
US8900915B2 (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2014-12-02 | Thin Film Electronics Asa | Epitaxial structures and methods of forming the same |
DE102010003784A1 (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process for producing a solar cell |
TW201316538A (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-16 | Univ Nat Taiwan | A method for fabricating a solar cell |
KR20130062775A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-13 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Solar cell and method for manufacturing the same |
KR101860919B1 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2018-06-29 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Solar cell and method for manufacturing the same |
DE102012200559A1 (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2013-07-18 | Deutsche Cell Gmbh | Process for producing an emitter of a solar cell and solar cell |
EP2654090B1 (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2020-07-08 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Solar cell |
KR101872786B1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2018-06-29 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method for manufacturing solar cell and dopant layer thereof |
DE102013210092A1 (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process for producing a solar cell |
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2013
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- 2014-09-26 US US15/024,879 patent/US20160240724A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-09-26 KR KR1020167010999A patent/KR20160061409A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US20160240724A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
WO2015044342A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
CN105723520A (en) | 2016-06-29 |
DE102013219603A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
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