EP3049302B1 - Sanding device and method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle - Google Patents
Sanding device and method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3049302B1 EP3049302B1 EP14772355.5A EP14772355A EP3049302B1 EP 3049302 B1 EP3049302 B1 EP 3049302B1 EP 14772355 A EP14772355 A EP 14772355A EP 3049302 B1 EP3049302 B1 EP 3049302B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- nozzle
- rail
- wheel
- adjusting
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
- B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
- B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage
- B61C15/10—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials
- B61C15/102—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials with sanding equipment of mechanical or fluid type, e.g. by means of steam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
- B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
- B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage
- B61C15/10—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials
- B61C15/107—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials with electrically or electromagnetically controlled sanding equipment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sanding device for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle and to a corresponding method for blowing sand into the gap.
- Sanding systems are used in rail vehicles to improve the adhesion between wheel and rail. To do this, sand is sprinkled from a sand container over a pipe or a rubber grommet in front of the wheel onto the rail. The outlet opening of the pipe or rubber grommet, from which the sand falls onto the rail, is a few centimeters before the wheel-rail engagement. Air turbulence and air currents running across the vehicle take the sand with it and prevent the sand that has been spread from landing on the rail. In order to improve the adhesion value between wheel and rail with more sand on the rail, the highest possible application speed can be used.
- the sand is "shot" at the highest possible speed in front of the wheel via a large air flow and a relatively small discharge nozzle.
- the higher spreading speed reduces the lateral deflection.
- the resulting speed is made up of the spreading speed and the deflection speed.
- the proportion of the distraction has less influence due to the higher application speed.
- the sand ends up in large quantities on the rails. Alternatively, the direction of the spread sand can be changed. It is therefore possible to turn the sand outlet towards the center of the vehicle so that the sand only falls in front of the wheel in combination with the deflection caused by the cross air. There is a speed range at which the sand is optimally spread.
- DE 600 26 290 T2 discloses a method for improving the adhesion of wheels of a rail vehicle to rails by applying sand between the rail and the wheel.
- This object is achieved by a device for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle and a method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle according to the independent claims.
- a deflection caused by wind flowing from the side can be compensated for by a variable direction setting, in particular in the direction of the center of the vehicle.
- the air flows running across the rail vehicle are proportional to the driving speed, so that the direction setting can be selected depending on the driving speed of the rail vehicle,
- a rail vehicle can have a sanding system.
- Sanding systems can be used in rail vehicles to increase the static friction between wheel and rail.
- a sanding device can form part of a sanding system.
- a nozzle can be understood to mean an outlet opening, for example from a pipe. Alternatively, it can be understood to mean a spout.
- the nozzle can be designed to discharge sand in one direction and / or that sand can be blown out through the nozzle in one direction.
- sand can be understood to mean a substance that improves the static friction between wheel and rail.
- the direction in which the sand is discharged or blown out can be characterized by the blow-out angle.
- the blow-out angle can be understood as the angle between the rail and the direction in which the sand is discharged or blown out.
- the blow-out angle can be adjustable in a plane perpendicular to the plane spanned by the wheel and rail.
- the blow-out angle can be adjustable in the direction of the center of the rail vehicle, that is, in the direction of a center of the track.
- the nozzle can be designed to receive a control signal in order to change the size of an outlet opening in order to influence a quantity of sand that is discharged and / or blown out.
- the control signal can be adjusted in response to the speed of the rail vehicle.
- the amount of sand can advantageously be adapted to the speed of the rail vehicle in order to keep the amount of sand per path constant.
- the sanding device can have a storage container for providing sand.
- the nozzle can be connected to the reservoir via a connecting means.
- a sandpit can be understood as a storage container.
- the storage container can be designed to provide sand via a connecting means such as a pipe or a hose of the nozzle. The availability of the sanding device can thus be improved.
- the device for adjusting the blow-out angle of the nozzle can have a stepper motor. Simultaneously or alternatively, the device for adjusting the blow-out angle of the nozzle can have an electrically controlled linear magnet that acts against a spring. It is also favorable if, in one embodiment, the device for adjusting the blow-out angle has a pneumatic adjusting device which acts against a spring. A robust adjustment device can advantageously be created.
- the adjusting device can be designed to be controlled with an air pressure that controls a sand quantity to be discharged and is speed-dependent. If the amount of sand is controlled by air pressure, the air pressure can be regulated depending on the speed.
- the speed-dependent air pressure can be used to control the pneumatic adjustment device and thus a second, independent control signal can be dispensed with.
- An existing infrastructure and / or an existing control signal can thus be used for the sanding device. This offers the advantage of saving costs and can at the same time create a more robust system.
- the nozzle can be designed such that an air quantity can be introduced depending on the speed in order to control a discharge speed of the sand.
- the sanding device can be designed in such a way that an air pressure and / or an air quantity controls the sand quantity and / or the application speed of the sand.
- the blow-out angle of the device for adjustment can be adjusted. If the amount of sand is set in a speed-dependent manner via an air quantity and / or an air pressure, the exit speed can be controlled in a speed-dependent manner via a corresponding nozzle diameter and / or a ratio of sand-promoting and sand-free air quantity that can be set on the sanding device.
- An air stream without sand can, for example, be mixed via a bypass with a sand-promoting air stream in front of the nozzle.
- the device for adjusting the blow-out angle of the nozzle varies the blow-out angle in a predefined range in response to an emergency signal.
- the nozzle can change the size of the outlet opening in response to the emergency signal in order to increase the amount of sand that is discharged and / or blown out.
- An emergency signal can be understood as a request for emergency braking.
- An emergency signal can be understood to mean a signal which indicates that an adhesive value between the wheel and the rail has fallen below a predefined threshold value.
- an electronic control for controlling the sanding device can advantageously be integrated into brake control electronics.
- the signals already present in the brake control electronics such as speed or emergency brake, can be read directly.
- signals already present in the device do not need to be determined or transmitted separately.
- sanding could then be started automatically when the slip protection electronics detected excessive slip, and if there was no slip, sanding could be switched off automatically in order to save sand.
- the spreading angle of the sanding system can be increased and decreased in one area as a sanding parameter, and the amount of sand can be increased as a sanding parameter when a certain adhesive value falls below a predefined threshold.
- the device for setting a blow-out angle during sanding allows the sand pipe to be swiveled back and forth quickly around the controlled target angle in order to increase the chance of hitting the rail.
- there the amount of sand can be increased to compensate for the loss of sand by not aiming directly because a wide area is scattered. This can be advantageous, for example, as a last chance in the event of emergency braking, for example if the adhesive value reaches an extremely low value. It is advantageous if such an embodiment can be controlled as an emergency measure.
- the blow-out angle can be adjusted in response to an air pressure.
- the air pressure can be controlled in response to an air pressure in front of the nozzle that controls a quantity of sand.
- An additional control signal or control signal can thus advantageously be dispensed with.
- An angle monitoring signal representing the blow-out angle can be provided for vehicle electronics.
- the angle monitoring signal can represent the set blow-out angle of the nozzle.
- the blow-out angle and the speed of the rail vehicle can be monitored and / or correlated in the vehicle electronics.
- the blow-out angle can be set in response to the angle monitoring signal in the setting step.
- a Monitoring the blow-off angle and providing the angle monitoring signal can create a closed control loop for adjusting the blow-out angle.
- a deviation of the set blow-out angle of the nozzle from the blow-out angle to be set in response to the speed can thus be recognized and corrected.
- the target direction can be set on the basis of an ideal speed-dependent directional map found on a test train, and the accuracy of the sandblasting can thus be increased.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a rail vehicle 100 with a sanding device 102 in a side view according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sanding device 102 is arranged in the direction of travel in front of a wheel 104 of the rail vehicle 100.
- the at least one wheel 104 of the rail vehicle 100 is arranged to form a rail 106 in such a way that the rail vehicle 100 travels on the rail 106.
- the sanding device 102 has a nozzle 108 which is designed to discharge or blow sand 110 into the gap between the wheel 104 and the rail 106.
- the sanding device 102 is connected to a device for adjusting 112 an outlet angle of the nozzle 108.
- the nozzle 108 can be designed as a blow-out pipe.
- the nozzle 108 may be located at one end of a blow pipe.
- the nozzle can thus be designed as a blow-out opening of a blow-out pipe.
- the nozzle 108 can be designed as a spout.
- the nozzle 108 is optionally connected to a storage container 116 via a connecting means 114.
- the connecting means 114 can be the blow-out pipe already described.
- the sanding device 102 shown is designed to blow sand 110 into the gap between the rail 106 and the wheel 104 of the rail vehicle 100.
- the nozzle 108 of the sanding device 102 is designed to dispense a variable amount of sand.
- the blow-out angle of the sand from the nozzle can be adjusted by means of the setting device 112.
- the nozzle 108 is designed to receive a control signal and to change the size of an outlet opening of the nozzle 108 in response to the control signal.
- the amount of sand released by the sanding device is influenced by the size of the outlet opening.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a part of a rail vehicle with a sanding device 102 in a top view according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a wheel 104 is arranged on a rail 106.
- a plane is spanned by the wheel 104 and the rail 106.
- a nozzle 108 of a sanding device is arranged in front of the wheel 104 in the direction of travel.
- the sanding device and the wheel can be elements of an in Fig. 1 act rail vehicle 100 shown.
- the wheel 104 has a wheel flange 218, which is arranged in the direction of a vehicle center of the rail vehicle relative to the rail 106.
- the nozzle 108 is designed to discharge or blow out sand 110 at a blow-out angle ⁇ .
- the nozzle 108 is connected to a device for adjusting 112 the blow-out angle ⁇ of the nozzle 108.
- the blow-out angle ⁇ is an angle between the nozzle 108 or the exit direction 220 of the sand 110 from the nozzle 108 and one of the wheel 104 and the rail 106 spanned level.
- the blow-out angle is ⁇ in the Fig. 2 shown embodiment directed in relation to the spanned plane towards the vehicle center of the rail vehicle.
- the device for adjusting 112 the blow-out angle ⁇ has a stepping motor in order to set the blow-out angle ⁇ as a function of the speed.
- the device for setting 112 the blow-out angle ⁇ has an electrically controlled linear magnet as the adjusting device.
- a spring can also act on the device for adjusting 112, so that the electrically controlled linear magnet acts against the spring.
- the nozzle 108 is designed to receive a control signal 222 in order to change the size of the outlet opening of the nozzle 108, in particular its diameter or cross-sectional area. As a result, the amount of sand discharged from the nozzle 108 can be changed.
- the control signal 222 can be speed-dependent.
- the control signal 222 is provided by control electronics, wherein the control electronics can be part of a vehicle electronics 224 in one embodiment.
- the sanding device 102 has an angle sensor 226, which provides an angle monitoring signal 228.
- the vehicle electronics 224 is designed to output a setting signal 230 to the device for setting 112 the blow-out angle ⁇ .
- the speed-based setting signal 230 is an air flow or an air pressure and is provided by a corresponding device.
- the device for adjusting 112 the blow-out angle ⁇ comprises a pneumatic adjusting device which acts against a spring.
- an air pressure that controls a quantity of sand depending on the speed can control the pneumatic adjusting device. This is also in Fig. 6 shown with.
- an amount of air is introduced into the nozzle 108 or the connecting means 114 depending on the speed in order to control an application speed of the sand. In this way, a location of the impact of the sand on the rail can be influenced depending on the speed.
- FIG. 3 shows an illustration of a sanding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sand 110 blown out by a nozzle 108 or blow-out pipe 108 in the direction of a wheel 104 is deflected to the side by an air flow 332.
- air turbulence and an air flow 332 running transverse to the direction of travel occur in the area of the bogies and thus in the area of the wheel 104.
- the sand 110 is blown away to the side.
- the air flows 332 responsible for this depend on the speed of the rail vehicle and, for example, the wind conditions.
- the sand 110 falls directly onto the rail in accordance with the outlet opening, since there is no wind at standstill. If the train travels faster, a dynamic pressure is created in front of the bogie and the air is prevented from flowing under the train. As a result, the air in front of the bogie flows out, that is, there is an air flow 332 directly in front of the wheels 104, which blows the sand 110 laterally. Thus only part of the sand 110 comes on the rail. To compensate for the loss of sand 110, the amount of sand 110 can be increased.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of the spreading speed of a sanding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Sand is blown out of a nozzle 108 in the direction of a wheel 104, an air flow being assumed from the side.
- Three speed vectors 434, 436, 438 represent a sand discharge rate 434, a deflection speed 436 and a resulting sand speed 438.
- the blown sand is deflected by the angle ⁇ from the direction in which the sand is blown out.
- the embodiment in Fig. 4 14 shows the resulting speed 438 for a low spreading speed 434 compared to the embodiment in FIG Fig. 5 , which represents the same situation at a comparably high application speed 434.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the spreading speed of a sanding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the representation in Fig. 5 corresponds to the representation in Fig. 4 , with the difference that the spreading speed 434 was increased, for example doubled.
- constant deflection speed 436 results in an increased resulting speed 438 and a small angle a.
- blowing the sand toward the center of the vehicle by combining the delivery speed 434 with the air flow due to back pressure, which results in a deflection speed 436 of the sand, can better blow the sand into the gap between the rail and the wheel under certain conditions.
- the sand is directed too far towards the center of the vehicle, at medium speeds into the correct position and at high speeds too far out. In this way, the sand can be optimally spread for a speed range.
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a sanding device with a pneumatic adjusting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sanding device may, for example, be one already in Fig. 2 act described sanding device 102.
- the nozzle 108 is designed as a blow-out pipe 108.
- the blow-out pipe 108 is supported by a bearing 640.
- a pneumatic pressure cylinder 642 and a spring 644 are connected to the blow-out pipe and are designed to set a blow-out angle of the blow-out pipe.
- the pneumatic pressure cylinder 642 and the spring 644 are connected to the blow pipe 108 on a side opposite an outlet port for sand 110 with respect to the bearing 640.
- the spring 644 and the pneumatic pressure cylinder form a device for adjusting 112 the blow-out angle of the blow-out pipe 108, or an adjusting device 112.
- An air flow 332 acts on the blown-out sand 110, which causes the sand 110 to blow laterally.
- the sand is deflected accordingly and blown in the direction of a wheel 104.
- the in 4 and 5 schematic representation of spreading speed, deflection speed and the resulting speed here without vectors directly represented with a trajectory for the sand 110.
- the device for setting a blow-out angle has a pneumatic adjusting device which comprises a pneumatic pressure cylinder 642 and a spring 644.
- the blow-out pipe 108 is supported by a bearing. The angle of the blow-out pipe 108 to the rail is adjustable.
- variable directional setting of the nozzle 108 which can also be referred to as a blow-out pipe 108 and a discharge pipe 108, in connection with the wind flowing in from the side, substantially less sand is to pass, while at the same time the amount of sand in the area between the wheel and the rail is increased.
- Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a sanding device with speed-dependent exit speed of the sand according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sanding device can, for example, be an in Fig. 6 act described sanding device.
- Sand 110 is discharged from a nozzle 108 or a blow pipe 108.
- the direction of the discharged or blown sand is deflected by an air flow 332 acting transversely to a rail vehicle.
- the sand 110 is blown out of the blow-out pipe 108 at a blow-out angle ⁇ at a discharge speed 434.
- the blow-out angle ⁇ [A1] of the blow-out pipe 108 can be set as a function of the speed.
- the sand 110 is blown in front of the wheel 104 at any speed of the rail vehicle, and thus air flow, by continuously changing the sand's application speed 434 in conjunction with an angled discharge pipe 108.
- the spout 108 or the pipe 108, from which the sand 110 is blown in front of the wheel 104, is moved laterally by means of an adjusting device, for example with one as in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 shown adjusting device 112, set.
- the angle setting depends, for example, on the speed.
- the suitable angles ⁇ can, for example, be determined beforehand in tests on a test specimen.
- the adjustment unit 112 can be, for example, a stepper motor that adjusts the angle of the tube, or an electrically controlled linear magnet that acts against a spring, or a pneumatic one Adjustment 642, which may also act against a spring 644, as shown in FIG Fig. 6 shown embodiment is shown.
- the amount of sand is regulated by means of air pressure, which can be adjusted depending on the speed and thus produces more or less sand 110. This is necessary because at higher speeds, a longer rail route must be spread over the same time.
- this air pressure which is regulated as a function of speed, can be passed via a compressed air connection via a small hose parallel to the sanding hose to a piston 642, which in turn adjusts the angle ⁇ against a spring 644.
- the application speed is changed as a function of the driving speed.
- the grommet 108 is attached in such a way that it ends somewhat outside of the wheels 104, but is installed in the direction of the center of the vehicle.
- the sand 110 is blown out with little air, it therefore falls outside the wheel 104 next to the rail.
- the higher the amount of air is set the further the sand 110 is then blown into the center of the vehicle.
- the air flow can thus be set such that the combination of the discharge speed of the sand 110 and the opposing ram air flow 332 complements one another such that the sand 110 falls in front of the wheel 104 at any speed.
- the exit speed can be increased via a suitable nozzle diameter and a ratio of sand-conveying and sand-free air amount that can be set on the sanding device.
- the air flow without sand 110 can, for example, be mixed with the air flow conveying the sand 110 via a bypass.
- Fig. 8 10 shows a flow diagram of a method 800 for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the method includes a step of adjusting 810 and a step of blowing out 830.
- the method 800 may be on a rail vehicle as shown in FIG Fig. 1 is shown to be executed.
- the rail vehicle comprises a sanding device for blowing sand into the gap between a rail and a wheel of the rail vehicle.
- the sanding device has a nozzle and a device for adjusting a blow-out angle of the nozzle in response to a speed of the rail vehicle, the blow-out angle of the nozzle being movably adjustable out of a plane of the wheel and rail in order to sand into the gap between the rail and the Blowing wheel.
- the blow-out angle of the nozzle is adjusted in response to a speed of the rail vehicle.
- sand provided is blown out using the nozzle.
- the nozzle is aligned at the blow-out angle set in the setting step.
- sand is blown into the gap between the rail and the wheel.
- the step of adjusting 810 the blow angle is adjusted in response to air pressure.
- the air pressure is controlled in response to an air pressure in front of the nozzle that controls a quantity of sand.
- method 800 includes an optional step of monitoring 820 the blow-out angle.
- an angle monitoring signal is provided for vehicle electronics.
- the blowout angle is controlled in response to the angle monitoring signal provided in the monitoring step.
- Method 800 improves the accuracy of sand that has been applied from sanding plants. There may be an approximately proportional relationship between the speed of travel of the rail vehicle and the lateral deflection of the sand.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
- Road Repair (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Sandungsvorrichtung zum Einblasen von Sand in einen Spalt zwischen einer Schiene und einem Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs sowie auf ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Einblasen von Sand in den Spalt.The present invention relates to a sanding device for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle and to a corresponding method for blowing sand into the gap.
Sandungsanlagen werden bei Schienenfahrzeugen eingesetzt, um den Haftwert zwischen Rad und Schiene zu verbessern. Dazu wird aus einem Sandbehälter über ein Rohr oder eine Gummitülle Sand vor das Rad auf die Schiene gestreut. Die Austrittsöffnung des Rohrs oder der Gummitülle, aus der der Sand auf die Schiene fällt, befindet sich einige Zentimeter vor dem Rad-Schienen-Eingriff. Luftverwirbelungen und quer zum Fahrzeug laufende Luftströme nehmen den Sand mit und verhindern, dass der ausgebrachte Sand auf der Schiene landet. Um den Haftwert zwischen Rad und Schiene mittels mehr Sand auf der Schiene zu verbessern, kann eine möglichst hohe Ausbringungsgeschwindigkeit verwendet werden. Der Sand wird über einen großen Luftstrom und dazu relativ kleiner Ausbring-Düse mit einer möglichst hohen Geschwindigkeit vor das Rad "geschossen". Die höhere Ausbringgeschwindigkeit verringert die seitliche Ablenkung. Die resultierende Geschwindigkeit setzt sich aus Ausbringgeschwindigkeit und Ablenkungsgeschwindigkeit zusammen. Der Anteil der Ablenkung bekommt in Folge der höheren Ausbringgeschwindigkeit weniger Einfluss. Der Sand landet in größeren Mengen auf der Schiene. Alternativ kann die Zielrichtung des ausgestreuten Sands verändert werden. So ist es eine Möglichkeit die Austrittsöffnung des Sandes in Richtung Fahrzeugmitte zu drehen, sodass der Sand erst in Kombination mit der Ablenkung durch die Querluft vor das Rad fällt. Es gibt einen Geschwindigkeitsbereich, bei dem der Sand optimal ausgebracht wird.Sanding systems are used in rail vehicles to improve the adhesion between wheel and rail. To do this, sand is sprinkled from a sand container over a pipe or a rubber grommet in front of the wheel onto the rail. The outlet opening of the pipe or rubber grommet, from which the sand falls onto the rail, is a few centimeters before the wheel-rail engagement. Air turbulence and air currents running across the vehicle take the sand with it and prevent the sand that has been spread from landing on the rail. In order to improve the adhesion value between wheel and rail with more sand on the rail, the highest possible application speed can be used. The sand is "shot" at the highest possible speed in front of the wheel via a large air flow and a relatively small discharge nozzle. The higher spreading speed reduces the lateral deflection. The resulting speed is made up of the spreading speed and the deflection speed. The proportion of the distraction has less influence due to the higher application speed. The sand ends up in large quantities on the rails. Alternatively, the direction of the spread sand can be changed. It is therefore possible to turn the sand outlet towards the center of the vehicle so that the sand only falls in front of the wheel in combination with the deflection caused by the cross air. There is a speed range at which the sand is optimally spread.
Die Druckschrift
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine verbesserte Sandungsanlage und ein verbessertes Verfahren zum Einblasen von Sand in einen Spalt zwischen einer Schiene und einem Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs zu schaffen.It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved sanding installation and an improved method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung zum Einblasen von Sand in einen Spalt zwischen einer Schiene und einem Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs sowie ein Verfahren zum Einblasen von Sand in einen Spalt zwischen einer Schiene und einem Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst.This object is achieved by a device for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle and a method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle according to the independent claims.
Durch eine variable Richtungseinstellung, insbesondere in Richtung der Fahrzeugmitte, kann eine Ablenkung durch von der Seite strömenden Wind kompensiert werden. Die quer zum Schienenfahrzeug laufenden Luftströme sind dabei proportional zur Fahrgeschwindigkeit, sodass die Richtungseinstellung abhängig von der Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs gewählt werden kann,A deflection caused by wind flowing from the side can be compensated for by a variable direction setting, in particular in the direction of the center of the vehicle. The air flows running across the rail vehicle are proportional to the driving speed, so that the direction setting can be selected depending on the driving speed of the rail vehicle,
Eine Sandungsvorrichtung zum Einblasen von Sand in einen Spalt zwischen einer Schiene und einem Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs weist die folgenden Merkmale auf:
- eine Düse, die ausgebildet ist eine variable Sandmenge auszugeben; und
- eine Einrichtung zum Einstellen eines Ausblaswinkels der Düse ansprechend auf eine Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs, wobei die Einrichtung zum Einstellen ausgebildet ist, um im verbauten Zustand der Sandungsvorrichtung den Ausblaswinkel der Düse aus einer Ebene von Rad und Schiene heraus beweglich einzustellen, um Sand in den Spalt zwischen der Schiene und dem Rad einzublasen.
- a nozzle configured to dispense a variable amount of sand; and
- means for adjusting a blow-out angle of the nozzle in response to a speed of the rail vehicle, the means for adjusting being designed to movably adjust the blow-out angle of the nozzle from a plane of the wheel and rail when the sanding device is installed, in order to sand into the gap between to blow the rail and the wheel.
Ein Schienenfahrzeug kann eine Sandungsanlage aufweisen. Sandungsanlagen können in Schienenfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, um die Haftreibung zwischen Rad und Schiene zu erhöhen. Eine Sandungsvorrichtung kann einen Teil einer Sandungsanlage darstellen. Dabei kann unter einer Düse eine Austrittsöffnung verstanden werden, beispielsweise von einem Rohr. Alternativ kann eine Tülle darunter verstanden werden. Die Düse kann ausgebildet sein, einen Sand in eine Richtung auszugeben und/oder dass Sand durch die Düse in eine Richtung ausgeblasen werden kann. Unter Sand kann hier verallgemeinert ein Stoff verstanden werden, der die Haftreibung zwischen Rad und Schiene verbessert. Die Richtung, in die der Sand ausgegeben oder ausgeblasen wird, kann durch den Ausblaswinkel charakterisiert sein. Dabei kann der Ausblaswinkel als Winkel zwischen der Schiene und der Richtung, in die der Sand ausgegeben oder ausgeblasen wird, verstanden werden. In einer Ausführungsform kann der Ausblaswinkel in einer Ebene senkrecht zu der von Rad und Schiene aufgespannten Ebene beweglich einstellbar sein. Der Ausblaswinkel kann in Richtung der Fahrzeugmitte des Schienenfahrzeugs einstellbar sein, das heißt in Richtung einer Gleismitte.A rail vehicle can have a sanding system. Sanding systems can be used in rail vehicles to increase the static friction between wheel and rail. A sanding device can form part of a sanding system. A nozzle can be understood to mean an outlet opening, for example from a pipe. Alternatively, it can be understood to mean a spout. The nozzle can be designed to discharge sand in one direction and / or that sand can be blown out through the nozzle in one direction. In general, sand can be understood to mean a substance that improves the static friction between wheel and rail. The direction in which the sand is discharged or blown out can be characterized by the blow-out angle. The blow-out angle can be understood as the angle between the rail and the direction in which the sand is discharged or blown out. In In one embodiment, the blow-out angle can be adjustable in a plane perpendicular to the plane spanned by the wheel and rail. The blow-out angle can be adjustable in the direction of the center of the rail vehicle, that is, in the direction of a center of the track.
Ferner kann in einer Ausführungsform die Düse ausgebildet sein, ein Steuersignal zu empfangen, um eine Größe einer Austrittsöffnung zu verändern, um eine abgegebene und/oder ausgeblasene Sandmenge zu beeinflussen. Das Steuersignal kann ansprechend auf die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs angepasst werden. Vorteilhaft kann die Sandmenge an die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs angepasst werden, um die Sandmenge pro Wegstrecke konstant zu halten.Furthermore, in one embodiment, the nozzle can be designed to receive a control signal in order to change the size of an outlet opening in order to influence a quantity of sand that is discharged and / or blown out. The control signal can be adjusted in response to the speed of the rail vehicle. The amount of sand can advantageously be adapted to the speed of the rail vehicle in order to keep the amount of sand per path constant.
In einer Ausführungsform kann die Sandungsvorrichtung einen Vorratsbehälter zur Bereitstellung von Sand aufweisen. Dabei kann die Düse über ein Verbindungsmittel mit dem Vorratsbehälter verbunden sein. Unter einem Vorratsbehälter kann ein Sandkasten verstanden werden. Der Vorratsbehälter kann ausgebildet sein, Sand über ein Verbindungsmittel wie beispielsweise ein Rohr oder einen Schlauch der Düse bereitzustellen. So kann die Verfügbarkeit der Sandungsvorrichtung verbessert werden.In one embodiment, the sanding device can have a storage container for providing sand. The nozzle can be connected to the reservoir via a connecting means. A sandpit can be understood as a storage container. The storage container can be designed to provide sand via a connecting means such as a pipe or a hose of the nozzle. The availability of the sanding device can thus be improved.
In einer Ausführungsform kann die Einrichtung zum Einstellen des Ausblaswinkels der Düse einen Schrittmotor aufweisen. Gleichzeitig oder alternativ kann die Einrichtung zum Einstellen des Ausblaswinkels der Düse einen elektrisch angesteuerten Linearmagnet, der gegen eine Feder wirkt, aufweisen. Günstig ist es auch, wenn in einer Ausführungsform die Einrichtung zum Einstellen des Ausblaswinkels eine pneumatische Verstelleinrichtung, die gegen eine Feder wirkt, aufweist. Vorteilhaft kann eine robuste Verstelleinrichtung geschaffen werden.In one embodiment, the device for adjusting the blow-out angle of the nozzle can have a stepper motor. Simultaneously or alternatively, the device for adjusting the blow-out angle of the nozzle can have an electrically controlled linear magnet that acts against a spring. It is also favorable if, in one embodiment, the device for adjusting the blow-out angle has a pneumatic adjusting device which acts against a spring. A robust adjustment device can advantageously be created.
Ferner kann die Verstelleinrichtung ausgebildet sein, mit einem eine auszubringende Sandmenge geschwindigkeitsabhängig steuernden Luftdruck angesteuert zu werden. Wenn die Sandmenge über einen Luftdruck gesteuert wird, kann der Luftdruck geschwindigkeitsabhängig geregelt sein. Der geschwindigkeitsabhängige Luftdruck kann zum Ansteuern der pneumatischen Verstelleinrichtung genutzt werden und somit kann auf ein zweites, unabhängiges Steuersignal verzichtet werden. So kann eine vorhandene Infrastruktur und/oder ein vorhandenes Steuersignal für die Sandungsvorrichtung genutzt werden. Dies bietet den Vorteil der Kostenersparnis und kann gleichzeitig ein robusteres System schaffen.Furthermore, the adjusting device can be designed to be controlled with an air pressure that controls a sand quantity to be discharged and is speed-dependent. If the amount of sand is controlled by air pressure, the air pressure can be regulated depending on the speed. The speed-dependent air pressure can be used to control the pneumatic adjustment device and thus a second, independent control signal can be dispensed with. An existing infrastructure and / or an existing control signal can thus be used for the sanding device. This offers the advantage of saving costs and can at the same time create a more robust system.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform kann die Düse ausgebildet sein, dass eine Luftmenge geschwindigkeitsabhängig einbringbar ist, um eine Ausbringungsgeschwindigkeit des Sands zu steuern. Die Sandungsvorrichtung kann derart ausgebildet sein, dass ein Luftdruck und/oder eine Luftmenge die Sandmenge und/oder die Ausbringungsgeschwindigkeit des Sands steuert. Gleichzeitig oder kann mit dem Luftdruck auch der Ausblaswinkel der Einrichtung zum Einstellen eingestellt werden. Wenn die Sandmenge geschwindigkeitsabhängig über eine Luftmenge und/oder einen Luftdruck eingestellt wird, kann über einen entsprechenden Düsendurchmesser und/oder ein an der Sandungsvorrichtung einstellbares Verhältnis von sandfördernder und Sandfreier Luftmenge die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit geschwindigkeitsabhängig gesteuert werden. Ein Luftstrom ohne Sand kann beispielsweise über einen Bypass mit einem Sand fördernden Luftstrom vor der Düse vermischt werden.According to one embodiment, the nozzle can be designed such that an air quantity can be introduced depending on the speed in order to control a discharge speed of the sand. The sanding device can be designed in such a way that an air pressure and / or an air quantity controls the sand quantity and / or the application speed of the sand. At the same time or with the air pressure, the blow-out angle of the device for adjustment can be adjusted. If the amount of sand is set in a speed-dependent manner via an air quantity and / or an air pressure, the exit speed can be controlled in a speed-dependent manner via a corresponding nozzle diameter and / or a ratio of sand-promoting and sand-free air quantity that can be set on the sanding device. An air stream without sand can, for example, be mixed via a bypass with a sand-promoting air stream in front of the nozzle.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform variiert die Einrichtung zum Einstellen des Ausblaswinkels der Düse ansprechend auf ein Notsignal den Ausblaswinkel in einem vordefinierten Bereich. Die Düse kann ansprechend auf das Notsignal die Größe der Austrittsöffnung verändern, um die abgegebene und/oder ausgeblasene Sandmenge zu erhöhen. Unter einem Notsignal kann dabei eine Anforderung für eine Notbremsung verstanden werden. Unter einem Notsignal kann ein Signal verstanden werden, welches anzeigt, dass ein Haftwert zwischen Rad und Schiene einen vordefinierten Schwellwert unterschritten hat.According to one embodiment, the device for adjusting the blow-out angle of the nozzle varies the blow-out angle in a predefined range in response to an emergency signal. The nozzle can change the size of the outlet opening in response to the emergency signal in order to increase the amount of sand that is discharged and / or blown out. An emergency signal can be understood as a request for emergency braking. An emergency signal can be understood to mean a signal which indicates that an adhesive value between the wheel and the rail has fallen below a predefined threshold value.
Vorteilhafterweise kann in einer Ausführungsform eine elektronische Steuerung zum Ansteuern der Sandungsvorrichtung in eine Bremssteuerungselektronik integriert werden. Dabei können die in der Bremssteuerungselektronik bereits vorhandenen Signale direkt eingelesen werden, wie beispielsweise Geschwindigkeit oder Notbremse. Vorteilhaft brauchen in der Vorrichtung bereits vorhandene Signale nicht separat ermittelt oder übertragen werden. Im Falle einer Notbremse könnte dann beim Ermitteln von zu großem Schlupf durch die Gleitschutzelektronik das Sanden automatisch gestartet und wenn keine Schlupf besteht könnte das Sanden automatisch abgeschalten werden, um Sand zu sparen.In one embodiment, an electronic control for controlling the sanding device can advantageously be integrated into brake control electronics. The signals already present in the brake control electronics, such as speed or emergency brake, can be read directly. Advantageously, signals already present in the device do not need to be determined or transmitted separately. In the case of an emergency brake, sanding could then be started automatically when the slip protection electronics detected excessive slip, and if there was no slip, sanding could be switched off automatically in order to save sand.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform kann der Ausbringwinkel der Sandungsanlage als Sandungsparameter in einem Bereich vergrößert und verkleinert werden und dabei die Sandmenge als Sandungsparameter erhöht werden, wenn ein bestimmter Haftwert eine vordefinierte Schwelle unterschreitet. So kann über die Einrichtung zum Einstellen eines Ausblaswinkels während des Sandens das Sandrohr um den angesteuerten Zielwinkel schnell hin- und hergeschwenkt werden, um die Chance zu erhöhen, die Schiene zu treffen. Dabei kann die Sandmenge stark erhöht werden, um den Sandverlust durch nicht direktes Zielen, weil ein breiter Bereich gestreut wird, auszugleichen. Dies kann beispielsweise vorteilhaft als letzte Chance bei Notbremsungen sein, wenn beispielsweise der Haftwert einen extrem niedrigen Wert erreicht. Von Vorteil ist, wenn eine derartige Ausführungsform als Notmaßnahme angesteuert werden kann.According to one embodiment, the spreading angle of the sanding system can be increased and decreased in one area as a sanding parameter, and the amount of sand can be increased as a sanding parameter when a certain adhesive value falls below a predefined threshold. For example, the device for setting a blow-out angle during sanding allows the sand pipe to be swiveled back and forth quickly around the controlled target angle in order to increase the chance of hitting the rail. there the amount of sand can be increased to compensate for the loss of sand by not aiming directly because a wide area is scattered. This can be advantageous, for example, as a last chance in the event of emergency braking, for example if the adhesive value reaches an extremely low value. It is advantageous if such an embodiment can be controlled as an emergency measure.
Es wird ein Verfahren zum Einblasen von Sand in einen Spalt zwischen einer Schiene und einem Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs vorgestellt. Dabei kann das Schienenfahrzeug eine Sandungsvorrichtung zum Einblasen von Sand in den Spalt zwischen der Schiene und dem Rad aufweisen. Die Sandungsvorrichtung kann eine Düse und eine Einrichtung zum Einstellen eines Ausblaswinkels der Düse ansprechend auf eine Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs umfassen. Dabei kann der Ausblaswinkel der Düse aus einer Ebene von Rad und Schiene heraus beweglich einstellbar sein. Um Sand in den Spalt zwischen der Schiene und dem Rad einzublasen, weist das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte auf:
- einen Schritt des Einstellens des Ausblaswinkels der Düse ansprechend auf eine Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs; und
- einen Schritt des Ausblasen von bereitgestelltem Sand unter Verwendung der Düse, die in dem eingestellten Ausblaswinkel ausgerichtet ist, um Sand in den Spalt zwischen der Schiene und dem Rad einzublasen.
- a step of adjusting the blow-out angle of the nozzle in response to a speed of the rail vehicle; and
- a step of blowing out sand provided using the nozzle oriented at the set blow angle to blow sand into the gap between the rail and the wheel.
Ferner kann im Schritt des Einstellens der Ausblaswinkel ansprechend auf einen Luftdruck eingestellt werden. Dabei kann der Luftdruck ansprechend auf einen eine Sandmenge steuernden Luftdruck vor der Düse gesteuert werden. Vorteilhaft kann so auf ein zusätzliches Steuersignal oder Regelsignal verzichtet werden.Further, in the setting step, the blow-out angle can be adjusted in response to an air pressure. The air pressure can be controlled in response to an air pressure in front of the nozzle that controls a quantity of sand. An additional control signal or control signal can thus advantageously be dispensed with.
Günstig ist es auch, wenn das Verfahren einen Schritt des Überwachens des Ausblaswinkels aufweist. Dabei kann ein den Ausblaswinkel repräsentierendes Winkelüberwachungssignal für eine Fahrzeugelektronik bereitgestellt werden. Das Winkelüberwachungssignal kann den eingestellten Ausblaswinkel der Düse repräsentieren. Beispielsweise kann in der Fahrzeugelektronik der Ausblaswinkel und die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs überwacht werden und/oder korreliert werden.It is also favorable if the method has a step of monitoring the blow-out angle. An angle monitoring signal representing the blow-out angle can be provided for vehicle electronics. The angle monitoring signal can represent the set blow-out angle of the nozzle. For example, the blow-out angle and the speed of the rail vehicle can be monitored and / or correlated in the vehicle electronics.
Ferner kann in einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens im Schritt des Einstellens der Ausblaswinkel ansprechend auf das Winkelüberwachungssignal eingestellt werden. Eine Überwachung des Ausblaswinkels und bereitstellen des Winkelüberwachungssignals kann einen geschlossenen Regelkreis für das Einstellen des Ausblaswinkels schaffen. So kann ein Abweichen des eingestellten Ausblaswinkels der Düse von dem ansprechend auf die Geschwindigkeit einzustellenden Ausblaswinkel erkannt und korrigiert werden.Furthermore, in one embodiment of the method, the blow-out angle can be set in response to the angle monitoring signal in the setting step. A Monitoring the blow-off angle and providing the angle monitoring signal can create a closed control loop for adjusting the blow-out angle. A deviation of the set blow-out angle of the nozzle from the blow-out angle to be set in response to the speed can thus be recognized and corrected.
In einer Ausführungsform kann unter Verwendung einer Methode zur geschwindigkeitsabhängigen Zielausrichtung bei Sandungsanlagen die Zielrichtung anhand eines an einem Versuchszug gefundenen idealen geschwindigkeitsabhängigen Richtungskennfelds eingestellt werden und damit die Treffsicherheit des Sandstrahls erhöht werden.In one embodiment, using a method for speed-dependent target alignment in sanding systems, the target direction can be set on the basis of an ideal speed-dependent directional map found on a test train, and the accuracy of the sandblasting can thus be increased.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgend Bezug nehmend auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit einer Sandungsvorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit einer Sandungsvorrichtung in einer Aufsicht gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 3
- eine Darstellung einer Sandungsvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 4 und 5
- eine schematische Darstellung der Ausbringgeschwindigkeit einer Sandungsvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 6
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Sandungsvorrichtung mit einer pneumatischen Verstelleinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 7
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Sandungsvorrichtung mit geschwindigkeitsabhängiger Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Sands gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
- Fig. 8
- ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Einblasen von Sand in einen Spalt zwischen einer Schiene und einem Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a rail vehicle with a sanding device in a side view according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic representation of a rail vehicle with a sanding device in a plan according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 3
- an illustration of a sanding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- 4 and 5
- is a schematic representation of the spreading speed of a sanding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 6
- a schematic representation of a sanding device with a pneumatic adjustment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 7
- a schematic representation of a sanding device with speed-dependent exit speed of the sand according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
- Fig. 8
- a flowchart of a method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden für die in den verschiedenen Zeichnungen dargestellten und ähnlich wirkenden Elemente gleiche oder ähnliche Bezugszeichen verwendet, wobei eine wiederholte Beschreibung dieser Elemente weggelassen wird.In the following description of the preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the elements shown in the various drawings and have a similar effect, and a repeated description of these elements is omitted.
Die Düse 108 kann in einem Ausführungsbeispiel als ein Ausblasrohr ausgebildet sein. Alternativ kann die Düse 108 an einem Ende eines Ausblasrohrs angeordnet sein. So kann die Düse als eine Ausblasöffnung eines Ausblasrohrs ausgebildet sein. Alternativ kann die Düse 108 als eine Tülle ausgebildet sein. Die Düse 108 ist optional in einem Ausführungsbeispiel über ein Verbindungsmittel 114 mit einem Vorratsbehälter 116 verbunden. Bei dem Verbindungsmittel 114 kann es sich um das bereits beschriebene Ausblasrohr handeln.In one embodiment, the
Die in
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Düse 108 ausgebildet, ein Steuersignal zu empfangen und ansprechend auf das Steuersignal die Größe einer Austrittsöffnung der Düse 108 zu verändern. Durch die Größe der Austrittsöffnung wird die von der Sandungsvorrichtung abgegebene Sandmenge beeinflusst.In one exemplary embodiment, the
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Einrichtung zum Einstellen 112 des Ausblaswinkel α einen Schrittmotor auf, um den Ausblaswinkel α geschwindigkeitsabhängig einzustellen. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Einrichtung zum Einstellen 112 des Ausblaswinkel α einen elektrisch angesteuerten Linearmagneten als Verstelleinrichtung auf. Optional kann hier noch eine Feder auf die Einrichtung zum Einstellen 112 wirken, sodass der elektrisch angesteuerte Linearmagnet gegen die Feder wirkt.In one exemplary embodiment, the device for adjusting 112 the blow-out angle α has a stepping motor in order to set the blow-out angle α as a function of the speed. In one exemplary embodiment, the device for setting 112 the blow-out angle α has an electrically controlled linear magnet as the adjusting device. Optionally, a spring can also act on the device for adjusting 112, so that the electrically controlled linear magnet acts against the spring.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Düse 108 ausgebildet, ein Steuersignal 222 zu empfangen, um eine Austrittsöffnung der Düse 108 in der Größe, insbesondere im Durchmesser oder Querschnittsfläche, zu verändern. Hierdurch kann die von der Düse 108 abgegebene Sandmenge verändert werden. Dabei kann das Steuersignal 222 geschwindigkeitsabhängig sein. Das Steuersignal 222 wird von einer Steuerelektronik bereitgestellt, wobei die Steuerelektronik in einem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Teil einer Fahrzeugelektronik 224 sein kann. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Sandungsvorrichtung 102 einen Winkelsensor 226 auf, der ein Winkelüberwachungssignal 228 bereitstellt.In one exemplary embodiment, the
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Fahrzeugelektronik 224 ausgebildet, ein Einstellsignal 230 an die Einrichtung zum Einstellen 112 des Ausblaswinkels α auszugeben. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist das geschwindigkeitsbasierte Einstellsignal 230 ein Luftstrom oder ein Luftdruck und wird von einer entsprechenden Einrichtung bereitgestellt. In diesem Fall umfasst die Einrichtung zum Einstellen 112 des Ausblaswinkels α eine pneumatische Verstelleinrichtung, die gegen eine Feder wirkt. So kann ein eine Sandmenge geschwindigkeitsabhängig steuernder Luftdruck die pneumatische Verstelleinrichtung ansteuern. Dies ist auch in
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine Luftmenge geschwindigkeitsabhängig in die Düse 108 oder das Verbindungsmittel 114 eingebracht, um eine Ausbringungsgeschwindigkeit des Sands zu steuern. Hierdurch kann ein Ort des Auftreffens des Sands auf die Schiene geschwindigkeitsabhängig beeinflusst werden.In one embodiment, an amount of air is introduced into the
In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Sand 110 seitlich weggeblasen. Die dafür verantwortlichen Luftströmungen 332 hängen von der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs und beispielsweise den Windverhältnissen ab. Bei Stillstand oder geringer Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs fällt der Sand 110 entsprechend der Austrittsöffnung direkt auf die Schiene, da im Stillstand kein Fahrtwind herrscht. Fährt der Zug schneller, entsteht vor dem Drehgestell ein Staudruck und die Luft wird daran gehindert, unter dem Zug durchzuströmen. Infolgedessen strömt die Luft vor dem Drehgestell nach außen, das heißt, es entsteht eine Luftströmung 332 direkt vor den Rädern 104, die den Sand 110 seitlich verweht. Somit kommt nur ein Teil des Sandes 110 auf die Schiene. Um den Verlust des Sandes 110 auszugleichen, kann die Menge des Sandes 110 erhöht werden.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the
In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Einrichtung zum Einstellen eines Ausblaswinkels eine pneumatische Verstelleinrichtung auf, welche einen pneumatischen Druckzylinder 642 und eine Feder 644 umfasst. Dabei ist das Ausblasrohr 108 mit einem Lager gelagert. So ist der Winkel des Ausblasrohrs 108 zur Schiene verstellbar.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the device for setting a blow-out angle has a pneumatic adjusting device which comprises a
Durch eine variable Richtungseinstellung der Düse 108, die auch als Ausblasrohr 108 und als Ausbringungsrohr 108 bezeichnet werden kann, in Verbindung mit dem von der Seite anströmenden Wind soll wesentlich weniger Sand daneben gehen, wobei gleichzeitig die Sandmenge im Bereich zwischen Rad und Schiene erhöht wird.By means of a variable directional setting of the
Durch stufenlose Veränderung der Ausbringungsgeschwindigkeit 434 des Sandes in Verbindung mit einem winklig angeordneten Ausblasrohr 108 wird der Sand 110 bei jeder Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs, und damit Luftströmung, vor das Rad 104 geblasen werden. Die Tülle 108 oder das Rohr 108, aus dem der Sand 110 vor das Rad 104 geblasen wird, wird seitlich mittels einer Verstelleinrichtung, beispielsweise mit einer wie in
Bei vielen Sandungsanlagen wird die Sandmenge mittels Luftdruck geregelt, der geschwindigkeitsabhängig eingestellt werden kann und somit mehr oder weniger Sand 110 ausbringt. Dies ist notwendig, da bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten in gleicher Zeit eine längere Schienenstrecke gestreut werden muss. Über einen Druckluftanschluss kann in einem Ausführungsbeispiel dieser geschwindigkeitsabhängig geregelte Luftdruck über einen kleinen Schlauch parallel zum Sandungsschlauch an einen Kolben 642 geleitet werden, der wiederum gegen eine Feder 644 den Winkel α verstellt.In many sanding systems, the amount of sand is regulated by means of air pressure, which can be adjusted depending on the speed and thus produces more or
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Ausbringungsgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit der Fahrgeschwindigkeit verändert. Die Tülle 108 wird so angebracht, dass sie etwas außerhalb der Räder 104 endet, aber in Richtung Fahrzeugmitte verstellt eingebaut wird. Wenn der Sand 110 mit wenig Luft ausgeblasen wird, fällt er daher außerhalb des Rads 104 neben die Schiene. Je höher die Luftmenge eingestellt wird, desto weiter wird der Sand 110 dann in die Fahrzeugmitte geblasen. Geschwindigkeitsabhängig kann damit der Luftstrom so eingestellt werden, dass die Kombination aus Ausbringgeschwindigkeit des Sands 110 und der entgegen gerichtetem Stauluftstrom 332 sich so ergänzt, dass der Sand 110 bei jeder Geschwindigkeit vor das Rad 104 fällt. Da bereits die Sandmenge geschwindigkeitsabhängig geregelt wird, kann über einen geeigneten Düsendurchmesser und ein an der Sandungseinrichtung einstellbares Verhältnis von sandfördernder und sandfreier Luftmenge die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit erhöht werden. Der Luftstrom ohne Sand 110 kann zum Beispiel über einen Bypass mit dem Sand 110 fördernden Luftstrom vermengt werden.In one embodiment, the application speed is changed as a function of the driving speed. The
Im Schritt des Einstellens wird der Ausblaswinkel der Düse ansprechend auf eine Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs eingestellt. Im Schritt des Ausblasens 830 wird bereitgestellter Sand unter Verwendung der Düse ausgeblasen. Hierbei ist die Düse in dem im Schritt des Einstellens eingestellten Ausblaswinkel ausgerichtet. Im Schritt des Ausblasens wird Sand in den Spalt zwischen der Schiene und dem Rad eingeblasen.In the setting step, the blow-out angle of the nozzle is adjusted in response to a speed of the rail vehicle. In the blow-
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird Schritt des Einstellens 810 der Ausblaswinkel ansprechend auf einen Luftdruck eingestellt. Dabei wird der Luftdruck ansprechend auf einen eine Sandmenge steuernden Luftdruck vor der Düse gesteuert.In one embodiment, the step of adjusting 810 the blow angle is adjusted in response to air pressure. The air pressure is controlled in response to an air pressure in front of the nozzle that controls a quantity of sand.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst das Verfahren 800 einen optionalen Schritt des Überwachens 820 des Ausblaswinkels. Im Schritt des Überwachens 820 wird ein Winkelüberwachungssignal für eine Fahrzeugelektronik bereitgestellt. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird im Schritt des Einstellens der Ausblaswinkel ansprechend auf das im Schritt des Überwachens bereitgestellte Winkelüberwachungssignal geregelt.In one embodiment,
Die gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele betreffen Methoden zur geschwindigkeitsabhängigen Zielausrichtung bei Sandungsanlagen. Dabei verbessert das Verfahren 800 die Zielgenauigkeit von ausgebrachtem Sand aus Sandungsanlagen. Dabei kann ein in etwa proportionaler Zusammenhang zwischen Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs und der seitlichen Ablenkung des Sandes bestehen.The exemplary embodiments shown relate to methods for speed-dependent target alignment in sanding systems.
Die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele sind nur beispielhaft gewählt und können miteinander kombiniert werden.The exemplary embodiments described are selected only as examples and can be combined with one another.
- 100100
- Schienenfahrzeugtrack vehicle
- 102102
- SandungsvorrichtungSandungsvorrichtung
- 104104
- Radwheel
- 106106
- Schienerail
- 108108
- Düsejet
- 110110
- Sandsand
- 112112
- Einrichtung zum EinstellenSetting device
- 114114
- Verbindungsmittelconnecting means
- 116116
- Vorratsbehälterreservoir
- αα
- Ausblaswinkeldischarge angle
- 218218
- Spurkranzflange
- 220220
- Austrittsrichtungexit direction
- 222222
- Steuersignalcontrol signal
- 224224
- Fahrzeugelektronikvehicle electronics
- 226226
- Winkelsensorangle sensor
- 228228
- WinkelüberwachungssignalAngle monitoring signal
- 230230
- Einstellsignaladjustment
- 332332
- Luftströmungairflow
- 434434
- Ausbringgeschwindigkeitdischarge rate
- 436436
- Ablenkgeschwindigkeitsweep
- 438438
- Resultierende GeschwindigkeitResulting speed
- 640640
- Lagercamp
- 642642
- pneumatischer Druckzylinderpneumatic pressure cylinder
- 644644
- Federfeather
- 646646
- Verstelleinrichtungadjustment
Claims (11)
- A sanding device (102) for blowing sand (110) into a gap between a rail (106) and a wheel (104) of a rail vehicle (100), having the following features:a nozzle (108) that is designed to dispense a quantity, in particular a variable quantity, of sand; anda device for adjusting (112) a discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) in response to a velocity of the rail vehicle (100), when the sanding device (102) is fitted the device for adjusting (112) being designed to movably adjust the discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) from a plane comprising wheel (104) and rail (106) in order to blow sand (110) into the gap between the rail (106) and the wheel (104).
- A sanding device (102) according to claim 1, in which the nozzle (108) is designed to receive a control signal (222) designed to change the size of a discharge opening in order to influence the quantity of sand dispensed or blown out.
- A sanding device (102) according to either of the preceding claims, having a storage vessel (116) for providing sand, the nozzle (108) being connected to the storage vessel (116) via a connecting means (114).
- A sanding device (102) according to any one of the preceding claims, the device for adjusting (112) the discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) having a stepping motor and/or an electrically actuated linear magnet that acts against a spring, and/or a pneumatic adjusting device that acts against a spring.
- A sanding device (102) according to claim 4, in which the pneumatic adjusting device is designed to be triggered by an air pressure that controls a quantity of sand to be discharged dependent on velocity.
- A sanding device (102) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the nozzle (108) is designed such that a quantity of air can be introduced dependent on velocity in order to control the discharge velocity of the sand.
- A sanding device (102) according to any one of claims 2 to 6, in which the device for adjusting (112) the discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) varies the discharge angle (α) within a pre-defined range in response to an emergency signal and the nozzle (108) changes the size of the discharge opening in response to the emergency signal in order to increase the quantity of sand dispensed and/or blown out.
- A method (800) for blowing sand (110) into a gap between a rail (106) and a wheel (104) of a rail vehicle (100), this rail vehicle (100) having a sanding device (102) for blowing sand (110) into the gap between the rail (106) and the wheel (104), the sanding device (102) comprising a nozzle (108) and a device for adjusting (110) a discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) in response to a velocity of the rail vehicle (100), it being possible to adjust the discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) movably from a plane comprising wheel (104) and rail (106) plane in order to blow sand (110) into the gap between the rail (106) and the wheel (104), the method (800) having the following steps:the adjusting (810) of the discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) in response to a velocity of the rail vehicle (100); andthe blowing out (830) of sand (110) provided using the nozzle (108) that is angled at the adjusted discharge angle (α).
- A method (800) according to claim 8, in the adjusting (810) step the discharge angle (α) being adjusted in response to an air pressure, this air pressure being controlled in response to an air pressure upstream of the nozzle (108) that controls a quantity of sand.
- A method (800) according to either of claims 8 to 9, having a discharge angle (α) monitoring (820) step, there being provided an angle monitoring signal (228) representing the discharge angle (α) for a vehicle electronic system (224).
- A method (800) according to claim 10, in which the discharge angle (α) is adjusted in response to the discharge angle monitoring signal (228) in the adjusting (810) step.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013016143.6A DE102013016143A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | Sanding apparatus and method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle |
PCT/EP2014/070441 WO2015044245A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-09-25 | Sanding device and method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3049302A1 EP3049302A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
EP3049302B1 true EP3049302B1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
Family
ID=51619186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14772355.5A Active EP3049302B1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-09-25 | Sanding device and method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3049302B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013016143A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015044245A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2609612C2 (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-02-02 | Александр Тихонович Зиньковский | Method of current maintenance of curved section of track in plan and track for its realization |
EP3774485B1 (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2022-01-26 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Controllable track conditioning unit |
DE102019126363A1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-01 | Knorr-Bremse Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung | DEVICE FOR BRINGING SAND, RAILWAY VEHICLE AND METHOD OF OPERATING A DEVICE FOR BRINGING SAND |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE318739T1 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2006-03-15 | Aea Technology Plc | IMPROVE WHEEL/RAIL ADHESION |
DE102005001404C5 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2016-06-09 | Kes Keschwari Electronic Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for applying sand between wheel and rail of a rail vehicle |
US20120061367A1 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-03-15 | Jeffrey Wolff | System and method for improving adhesion |
-
2013
- 2013-09-27 DE DE102013016143.6A patent/DE102013016143A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2014
- 2014-09-25 WO PCT/EP2014/070441 patent/WO2015044245A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-09-25 EP EP14772355.5A patent/EP3049302B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2015044245A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
EP3049302A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
DE102013016143A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
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