EP3048957A1 - Fibre de carbone translucide aux rayons x et compatible avec une radiofréquence, et structures de fibre de carbone hybrides - Google Patents

Fibre de carbone translucide aux rayons x et compatible avec une radiofréquence, et structures de fibre de carbone hybrides

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Publication number
EP3048957A1
EP3048957A1 EP15735191.7A EP15735191A EP3048957A1 EP 3048957 A1 EP3048957 A1 EP 3048957A1 EP 15735191 A EP15735191 A EP 15735191A EP 3048957 A1 EP3048957 A1 EP 3048957A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamina
conductive
plane
insulating
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15735191.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3048957A4 (fr
Inventor
Daniel D. Coppens
Nicholas Collura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
QFix Systems LLC
Original Assignee
QFix Systems LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/150,357 external-priority patent/US20140121497A1/en
Application filed by QFix Systems LLC filed Critical QFix Systems LLC
Publication of EP3048957A1 publication Critical patent/EP3048957A1/fr
Publication of EP3048957A4 publication Critical patent/EP3048957A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A61B6/0407—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body
    • A61B6/0442—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body made of non-metallic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/16—Details of sensor housings or probes; Details of structural supports for sensors
    • A61B2562/17—Comprising radiolucent components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
    • A61N2005/1052—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam using positron emission tomography [PET] single photon emission computer tomography [SPECT] imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
    • A61N2005/1055—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam using magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1092—Details
    • A61N2005/1097—Means for immobilizing the patient

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to devices designed for Magnetic Resonance (MR) and other radiofrequency (RF) based environments. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to devices comprising carbon fiber that do not cause interference when used in these environments.
  • MR Magnetic Resonance
  • RF radiofrequency
  • Modern Radiation Therapy requires patient positioning devices that are rigid in order to accurately and repeatably position the patient.
  • the devices must be compatible with the high-energy radiation used during treatment.
  • the unique properties of carbon fiber, high stiffness and radiolucency, have made it an ideal material for patient positioning devices.
  • the radiolucent properties of carbon fiber have continued to make it the material of choice for modalities such as computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), as well as multi-modality imaging techniques such as PET/CT and SPECT/CT in addition to other technologies that are x-ray based.
  • CT computed tomography
  • PET positron emission tomography
  • SPECT single-photon emission computed tomography
  • multi-modality imaging techniques such as PET/CT and SPECT/CT in addition to other technologies that are x-ray based.
  • MR Magnetic Resonance
  • MR imaging uses large magnets to create a homogeneous magnetic field.
  • Gradient coils alter the magnetic field in a uniform manner in time or space, creating magnetic field gradients.
  • MR imaging also employs radiofrequency (RF) coils for applying an RF field to a subject to be imaged, causing the resonant nuclei within the subject to resonate and create an MR response signal. An image is then constructed based on this response signal.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • Susceptibility is used to describe the degree of magnetization a material exhibits per applied magnetic field. If a material with susceptibility much different than the subject being imaged is within the magnetic field the homogeneity of the magnetic field will be disturbed near the material. This creates a distortion in the MR image near this material.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • the stiffness of commercially available carbon fiber can vary from a modulus of 30 MSI to 120 MSI and greater. As the stiffness increases, the electrical conductivity increases as well. While it can be desirable to make use of these higher stiffness carbon fibers it increases the challenge of incorporating them in MRI compatible structures. This present disclosure makes their use possible.
  • the present disclosure relates to a structure comprising at least two electrically conductive lamina having carbon fibers embedded in a non-conductive matrix, wherein each conductive lamina has an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina (e.g., a vertical axis), and at least one insulating lamina having an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the conductive lamina are separated by the insulating lamina along the axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the structure is x-ray translucent and does not significantly affect magnetic resonance imaging, x-ray based imaging or other radiofrequency dependent applications.
  • the structures of the present disclosure can be x-ray translucent along the axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina (e.g., a vertical axis).
  • the structures of the present disclosure can also minimize signal to noise ratio.
  • the present disclosure relates to a structure comprising at least two electrically conductive lamina having carbon fiber elements embedded in a non- conductive matrix and insulating elements, wherein each conductive lamina has an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina and two in-plane axes, one at zero degrees and one at ninety degrees, wherein the carbon fiber elements are separated by the insulating elements along at least one of the in-plane axes, and at least one insulating lamina having an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the conductive lamina are separated by the insulating lamina along the axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the structure is x-ray translucent and does not significantly affect magnetic resonance imaging or x-ray based imaging.
  • the present disclosure relates to a structure comprising at least two electrically conductive layers wherein each layer has a plurality of conductive lamina, wherein each conductive lamina has carbon fibers embedded in a non-conductive matrix and an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, and wherein the carbon fibers in any one layer are oriented in substantially the same direction, and at least one insulating lamina having an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the layers of conductive lamina are separated by the insulating lamina along the axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the structure is x-ray translucent and does not significantly affect magnetic resonance imaging, x-ray based imaging or other radiofrequency dependent applications.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method of preparing a patient positioning device, the method comprising placing on a core at least two electrically conductive lamina having carbon fibers embedded in a non-conductive matrix, wherein each conductive lamina has an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, and placing on the core at least one insulating lamina having an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the conductive lamina are separated by the insulating lamina along the axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the structure is X-ray translucent, wherein the device does not interfere with magnetic resonance and radiofrequency based diagnostics.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method of preparing a patient positioning device, the method comprising placing on a core at least two electrically conductive lamina having carbon fiber elements embedded in a non-conductive matrix and insulating elements, wherein each conductive lamina has an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina and a zero degree in plane axis and a ninety degree in plane axis, wherein the carbon fiber elements are separated by the insulating elements along at least one of the zero degree axis and the ninety degree axis, and placing on the core at least one insulating lamina an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the conductive lamina are separated by the insulating lamina along the axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina, wherein the structure is X-ray translucent, wherein the device does not interfere with magnetic resonance and radiofrequency based diagnostics.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used for minimizing
  • the device reduces or eliminates image distortion, local heating or combinations thereof.
  • the non-conductive matrix can include epoxy, polyester, vinylester, or ceramic.
  • the insulating lamina can include aramid, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene or fiberglass.
  • the x-ray based imaging comprises RF Localization, radiation therapy treatment or diagnostic imaging.
  • the structures can include insulating elements in each conductive lamina that are off-set from each other in at least one of the zero degree axis and the ninety degree axis such that there are an equal number of insulating elements through an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina. This arrangement provides an increase in x-ray translucency homogeneity.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a patient positioning device comprising any of the structures disclosed herein.
  • the device can include a core, a top face and a bottom face. At least one of the top or bottom faces, or both, include any of the structures disclosed herein.
  • the core can be a closed-cell foam, open-cell foam, honeycomb, wood or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates elements composed of conductive fibers in the 0 degree direction.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates typical geometries of the elements in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates insulating the elements.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates insulating the elements.
  • FIG. 5 shows a construction with multiple elements.
  • FIG. 6a demonstrates the use of interlaminar and staggered intralaminar insulators in the same structure.
  • FIG. 6b demonstrates the use of interlaminar and off-set intralaminar insulators in the same structure.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross sectional construction of a patient table or device.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a modular insert of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is an example of a couch top construction using the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is an example of a modular couch top.
  • FIG. 1 1 is an example of a patient positioning device using the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is an example of a support beam.
  • the present disclosure described herein can mitigate and/or eliminate the problems of image distortion and localized heating inherent to devices constructed of carbon fiber when used in MR and other RF applications. This will allow the beneficial properties of carbon fiber to be incorporated into devices that can be used in simulation through radiation treatment regardless of the modalities employed (including MR imaging).
  • Fiberglass is typically used in MRI application because it is non-conductive. Fiberglass has a degree of x- ray transparency, however, its attenuation is much greater than carbon fiber. Therefore, it results in poor x-ray signal to noise ratio when laminated into practical thicknesses for patient positioning devices.
  • a typical electrical conductivity for carbon fiber is about 10 5 (S/m) whereas the electrical conductivity for epoxy is around 10 "12 (S/m).
  • the conductivity of the conductive ply, layer or lamina is greater than about 10 4 S/m in the direction of the fibers.
  • Typical commercially available carbon fiber prepreg materials tend to come in sheets with an areal weight running from about 50 GSM (grams per square meter) up to 1000 GSM. This translates to thicknesses in the range of slightly less than 0.005" up to 0.025" or slightly higher. These sheets (also called plies) are layered into a laminate to form structures.
  • the elements are generally composed of conductive fibers oriented in one direction (unidirectional) embedded in an electrically insulating matrix resin. Fabrics comprised of electrically conductive fibers are generally not suitable for these elements as the fabric will create loops in which eddy currents can form. However, a fabric containing a conductive fiber in one direction and a non-conducting fiber in the other direction would be suitable.
  • radiofrequency compatible elements can be used as building blocks to produce radiofrequency compatible structures from carbon fiber. However, we must adequately separate and insulate the individual elements from each other so that we do not develop electrical looping paths from one element to the next.
  • Insulating separators can be included in the structure in several ways. They can be placed in the same plane as the element, (1) separating elements lateral, in the same ply layer, (2) separating elements longitudinally, also in the same ply layer, or (3) in between plies to separate elements through the thickness of the structure. These strategies can be mixed in the same structure to optimize both structural and RF performance.
  • Insulating elements can be composed of an insulator such as a pure polymer, a polymer with a scrim material (such as non-woven polyester) or a non-conductive composite structural element such as aramid (Kevlar®) so that it contributes to the structural performance as well.
  • an insulator such as a pure polymer, a polymer with a scrim material (such as non-woven polyester) or a non-conductive composite structural element such as aramid (Kevlar®) so that it contributes to the structural performance as well.
  • a laminate may be produced that is of high structural performance (stiffness and/or strength).
  • FIG. 3 through FIG. 6 show ways in which conducting elements and insulators can be combined to develop RF compatible lamina (plies).
  • the lamina can then be stacked into a structural laminate that is RF compatible and of high structural performance (stiffness and/or strength).
  • Each lamina can have it's own orientation with respect to the laminate's coordinate system in order to optimize structural performance for any given application.
  • These laminates can be used in any manner typically employed in composite structure design. They can be used to develop solid structures or can be incorporated in typical composite constructions such as sandwich panels.
  • a sandwich panel is shown consisting of RF compatible laminate faces placed on a foam core. The edges are wrapped with an insulating composite material so that the top and bottom skin are electrically isolated from each other.
  • the present disclosure provides devices for use in the treatment and simulation of treatment of cancerous tissue that can be used inside a magnetic field used for MR imaging without exhibiting image distortion or local heating.
  • the homogeneity of the structure in an X-ray based environment is also an object of this disclosure so that x-ray artifacting is minimized.
  • the ability to detect an aberrant object in a radiograph is related to the ratio of the differential intensity to the ambient noise level. This ratio is called the absolute contrast to noise ratio, or the image signal to noise ratio. In other words the higher the signal to noise ratio the higher the quality of the image. This has advantages for both diagnosis and treatment simulation as anatomy is more clearly delineated. Noise causes local variations in contrast that does not represent actual attenuation differences in the patient.
  • Fiberglass is largely composed of Silicon with an atomic mass of -28 and Oxygen, with an atomic number of -16.
  • Carbon fiber is composed almost entirely of Carbon, which has an atomic mass of -12.
  • Aramid fibers are comprised of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
  • aramid materials With a lower density than carbon fiber, aramid materials generally have lower x-ray attenuation. Although they lack the structural performance of carbon fiber, they are non-conductive. In a case of varying density across the structure the signal to noise ratio will also vary. This variable signal-to-noise will be seen on the image and will interfere with the operator's ability to diagnose the patient.
  • the present disclosure provides a device that is compatible with radiofrequency applications such as magnetic resonance imaging and is also x-ray translucent as shown in the figures.
  • the device is to be constructed of both conductive and non-conductive elements.
  • the conductive elements provide the bulk of the stiffness of the structure.
  • the non-conducting elements are arranged in such a manner to maximize structural performance while at the same time limiting eddy currents in the device. The limiting of the eddy currents is what allows the device to be used in radiofrequency applications.
  • FIG. 1 depicts elements composed of conductive fibers 4 in the 0 degree direction. Conductivity is greatly reduced in the transverse direction as the fibers are embedded in a non-conductive matrix material 6.
  • the element on the left 2 has an aspect ratio that is long in the fiber direction and narrow in the transverse direction.
  • the element on the right 8 is short in the fiber direction and long in the transverse direction.
  • Various aspect ratios may be used to optimize structural performance and minimize electrical conductivity of the system.
  • the fibers in each conductive ply, layer or lamina are oriented in substantially the same direction.
  • each fiber can be oriented in the same direction +60 degrees, +45 degrees, +30 degrees, +15 degrees, 0 degrees, -15 degrees, - 30 degrees, -45 degrees, -60 degrees.
  • the carbon fibers are uniformly distributed in the conductive ply, layer or lamina.
  • FIG. 2 depicts typical geometries of the elements shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a method of insulating the elements in a lamina 20 by placing multiple conducting elements 24 in a plane (or sheet), separated laterally by insulators 22.
  • FIG. 4 shows a method of insulating the elements by placing multiple conducting elements 24 in a plane (or sheet), separated longitudinally by insulators 22.
  • FIG. 5 demonstrates a construction in which sheets of elements (also referred to as plies or lamina) can be layered into a laminate that is compatible with Radio Frequency environments and also x-ray translucent.
  • the 0 degree orientation of each lamina 30 can be placed in any direction with respect to the laminate. In this way, the fiber orientation and structure can be optimized based on the application.
  • An interlaminar insulator 34 is used to separate plies of conducting materials 32 from coming in contact.
  • FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b demonstrate the use of both interlaminar 46 and intralaminar 44 insulators in the same laminate 40.
  • the joints between conductive 42 and non- conductive elements 44 are staggered to optimize structural performance. In this
  • the structure is also RF compatible.
  • structures having a staggered configuration do not present homogeneous attenuation throughout the cross section to beams that are substantially perpendicular to the plane of the laminate. As the x-ray beam is swept across the plane of the laminate it is exposed to a cross section of changing x-ray absorption. Therefore these structures are not homogeneously x-ray compatible.
  • Homogeneously x-ray transparent refers to structures whose attenuation is substantially unchanged at any point along its surface.
  • the joints between the conductive 42 and non-conductive elements 44 are off-set to provide a homogeneously x-ray compatible structure. Structures having an off-set configuration have a substantially uniform or consistent amount of insulating elements in the vertical axis, or along the axis of interrogation (e.g., x-radiation).
  • FIG. 7 shows a typical cross sectional construction of a patient table or device that has high structural performance that is RF compatible and x-ray translucent.
  • the top 66 and bottom 68 skins are comprised of lamina as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the top and bottom skins are separated by a non-conductive core 62.
  • non- conductive materials 64 are wrapped around the edges providing a structural connection between the top and bottom skin. This provides a structural connection without creating an electrical connection.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a modular insert 72 for use in radiation therapy constructed in a manner shown in FIG. 7.
  • the modular insert is designed to be used in any imaging or treatment modality.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a Monocoque Radiation Therapy Couch Top 82 constructed in the manner shown in FIG. 7.
  • This couch top can be configured for use in any imaging or treatment modality.
  • FIG. 10 shows a Modular Radiation Therapy Couch Top 92 that can be used in conjunction with the Modular Insert shown in FIG. 8.
  • the structural support beams 94 are constructed in a manner shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 or FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows a Patient Positioning Head and Neck Device 102 constructed in the manner shown in FIG. 7.
  • the subcomponents 104 are constructed in any of the manners shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. 7.
  • the construction of a couch top for use in a radio frequency environment is described.
  • the couch top is constructed of a composite sandwich structure.
  • the core material is an open-cell foam.
  • Other core materials can be used, such as closed-cell foam, honeycomb, wood, or combinations thereof.
  • the couch top has at least a top skin and a bottom skin, preferably both.
  • the top skin and the bottom skin lie on opposite sides of the core and are connected by a non-conductive material. In some embodiments, the connection by a non-conductive material is used to ensure that eddy currents are not created.
  • the top skin and bottom skin can each have multiple plies of composite material. Building out from the core surface, each skin can have a ply of carbon fiber epoxy with the fibers aligned with the longitudinal axis of the couch top. Next, each skin can have a ply of aramid epoxy composite (or other insulating material) oriented along the longitudinal axis of the couch (i.e., an interlaminar layer, see Figure 5). This layer provides an insulating layer as well as adding to the stiffness of the couch top. Either layer can be applied first to the core surface. The core surface can be bare or pre-treated or layered with other materials. Another ply of carbon fiber epoxy can be applied next.
  • the fibers may be aligned along or aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the couch top. Aligning perpendicular adds stiffness in the perpendicular direction. Additional alternating layers of aramid and carbon fiber can be applied in a variety of directions to provide additional directional stiffness. Finally, a layer of non-conductive aramid epoxy woven fabric can be wrapped around the entire couch top. This layer connects the top and bottom skins, provides additional damage tolerance, and can also provide a pleasing aesthetic appearance.
  • one or more of the non-conductive plies may be slightly longer and/or wider than the conductive layers. The larger sized non-conductive plies can prevent the conductive layers from interacting. The prevention or reduction of such interaction reduces contact between the layers and the creation of eddy current loops. In the couch top, the non-conductive layers are both longer and wider than the conductive layers to ensure that the non-conductive layers completely cover the conductive layers.
  • each ply can vary depending on the strength, stiffness and the insulation required. In some embodiments, each ply can be between about 0.001 inches and about 0.200 inches thick. In other embodiments, each ply can be between about 0.002 inches and about 0.100 inches, or about 0.003 inches and about 0.080 inches, or about 0.004 inches and about 0.060 inches, or about 0.005 inches and about 0.050 inches thick, or about 0.010 inches and about 0.030 inches thick, or any combination of thickness disclosed. In some embodiments, the thickness of the conductive plies can be between about 0.004 inches and about 0.200 inches, and the thickness of the insulating plies can be between about 0.004 inches and about 0.040 inches.
  • Example 2 Couch Top with a plurality of plies per layer
  • the couch top has a composite sandwich structure, an open-cell foam core material and a top and a bottom skin. At least one of the top or bottom skins, or both, consist of at least two layers of alternating carbon fiber epoxy and aramid epoxy composite.
  • One or more of the carbon fiber epoxy layers has a plurality of plies of carbon fiber epoxy (e.g., two or more) with all of the carbon fibers of each plurality of plies oriented in substantially the same direction. For example, in one conductive layer having a plurality of plies, the carbon fiber are all oriented substantially perpendicular to the long axis of the couch top.
  • the non-conductive layers or material can fully encompass the conductive layers (e.g., the plurality of conductive plies) to provide insulation and prevent interactions.
  • the conductive layers e.g., the plurality of conductive plies
  • one or more of the additional plurality of plies can be oriented in different directions.
  • the second conductive layer having a plurality of plies can have all of the carbon fibers oriented substantially parallel to the long axis of the couch top.
  • a layer of non-conductive aramid epoxy woven fabric can be wrapped around the entire couch top.
  • the multiple plies of conductive material in each layer are permitted to contact, or touch, each other.
  • the plies in contact have their fibers oriented in substantially the same direction. Because the conductivity in the fiber direction is orders of magnitude higher than the conductivity in the transverse direction electrical loops are minimized or not created.
  • Non-conductive layers are positioned to separate plies of conductive material whose fibers are substantially not parallel to each other.
  • Example 3 Couch Top with intralaminar elements
  • the couch top has a composite sandwich structure, an open-cell foam core material and a top and a bottom skin.
  • additional insulation is provided within each ply of conductive material (i.e., an intralaminar element, see Figure 6).
  • the additional intralaminar elements provide further reduction of eddy currents and increase radio frequency compatibility.
  • each intralaminar element may vary depending on the materials used, the thickness and the insulation required. In some embodiments, each element can be between about 0.05 inches and about 12 inches wide. In other embodiments, each element can be between about 0.07 inches and about 8 inches, or about 0.09 inches and about 6 inches, or about 0.1 inches and about 5.5 inches, or about 0.125 inches and about 5 inches thick, or about 0.5 inches and about 2 inches, or any combination of widths disclosed.
  • each skin is constructed with joints between the conductive and non-conductive elements staggered to provide structural performance (See Figure 6a).
  • each skin is constructed with joints between the conductive and non- conductive elements off-set to provide both structural performance and homogeneous x-ray translucency (See Figure 6b). In the off-set arrangement, each skin is constructed such that a cross-section taken at any point in the couch top will show the same amount of conductive and non-conductive material.
  • FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of a support beam.
  • the top and bottom of the support beam are designed to provide bending stiffness along the longitudinal axis of the support beam.
  • the top and bottom can contain a plurality of plies of carbon fiber epoxy composites, either in individual layers or grouped in different layers. One or more of the plies contain fibers oriented along the longitudinal axis of the beam to provide the longitudinal stiffness.
  • a majority of the plies have fibers oriented along the longitudinal axis. In other embodiments, all of the plies have fibers oriented along the longitudinal axis. Dispersed amongst these plies are non- conductive plies.
  • the arrangement of the conductive and non-conductive plies can be any arrangement disclosed in either examples 1 -3 (i.e., interlaminar and/or intralaminar elements, a plurality of plies, etc.). In one embodiment, the non-conductive plies are longer and/or wider than the conductive plies, and wrap over and encompass the conductive plies.
  • the first and second sides are designed to provide torsional stiffness and to serve as webs connecting the top and bottom.
  • the first and second sides also contain a plurality of plies of carbon fiber epoxy composites, and non-conductive plies as needed.
  • the arrangement of the conductive and non-conductive plies can be any arrangement disclosed in either examples 1-3 (i.e., interlaminar and/or intralaminar elements, a plurality of plies, etc.).
  • each side contains at least two carbon fiber epoxy composites plies (or layers) separated by a non-conductive ply wherein the carbon fibers of the conductive plies are oriented +45° and -45°, respectively, to the long axis of the beam (See Figure 12).
  • one or more of the non-conductive plies may be slightly longer and/or wider than the conductive layers.
  • the larger sized non-conductive plies can prevent the conductive layers from interacting. The prevention or reduction in such interaction reduces contact between the layers and the creation of eddy current loops. .
  • the support beam may be wrapped with non-conductive plies. These plies may be in the form of woven fabrics or unidirectional material.

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une structure composée de fibre de carbone qui est compatible avec une imagerie par résonance magnétique et avec d'autres technologies de radiofréquence. La structure comprend des éléments de fibre de carbone ainsi que des éléments isolants qui sont sensiblement translucides aux rayons X (perméables aux rayons X). Ces éléments sont disposés de telle sorte que la structure peut être utilisée dans des modalités telles qu'une imagerie par résonance magnétique, des fibres de carbone ne pouvant généralement pas être utilisées en raison d'une distorsion d'image et d'un chauffage localisé. Simultanément, les structures sont conçues pour conserver une perméabilité aux rayons X qui est considérablement homogène.
EP15735191.7A 2014-01-08 2015-01-05 Fibre de carbone translucide aux rayons x et compatible avec une radiofréquence, et structures de fibre de carbone hybrides Withdrawn EP3048957A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/150,357 US20140121497A1 (en) 2011-09-28 2014-01-08 Radiofrequency compatible and x-ray translucent carbon fiber and hybrid carbon fiber structures
PCT/US2015/010123 WO2015105747A1 (fr) 2014-01-08 2015-01-05 Fibre de carbone translucide aux rayons x et compatible avec une radiofréquence, et structures de fibre de carbone hybrides

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EP3048957A4 EP3048957A4 (fr) 2017-05-24

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EP3496813A1 (fr) * 2016-08-08 2019-06-19 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Antenne fictive et système de bobine.
US10694976B2 (en) * 2017-05-04 2020-06-30 Elekta Ltd. Squeeze protection
DE102017222983A1 (de) * 2017-12-18 2019-06-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundbauteils
CN113740361B (zh) * 2020-05-29 2023-05-23 清华大学 检测通道、通道组件和ct检测装置

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US3947686A (en) * 1974-04-25 1976-03-30 The Babcock & Wilcox Co. Graphite composite X-ray transparent patient support
JP3167838B2 (ja) * 1993-08-03 2001-05-21 フクダ電子株式会社 生体用電極
EP1275759A4 (fr) * 2000-04-12 2005-03-30 Showa Denko Kk Fibre de carbone fine, son procede de production et materiau conducteur contenant ladite fibre
US20050107870A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2005-05-19 Xingwu Wang Medical device with multiple coating layers
US7484253B1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2009-02-03 Qfix Systems, Llc Patient support element for radiation therapy that reduces skin radiation burn
GB201008884D0 (en) * 2010-05-27 2010-07-14 Hexcel Composites Ltd Improvements in composite materials
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EP3048957A4 (fr) 2017-05-24
WO2015105747A1 (fr) 2015-07-16
CN105744884A (zh) 2016-07-06

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