EP3047925B1 - Surface treatment method for powdered metal material - Google Patents
Surface treatment method for powdered metal material Download PDFInfo
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- EP3047925B1 EP3047925B1 EP14845712.0A EP14845712A EP3047925B1 EP 3047925 B1 EP3047925 B1 EP 3047925B1 EP 14845712 A EP14845712 A EP 14845712A EP 3047925 B1 EP3047925 B1 EP 3047925B1
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- metal material
- powdery metal
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- ejection
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 188
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(N)C([O-])=O QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/06—Jet mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/044—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by jet milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/045—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by other means than ball or jet milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2207/00—Aspects of the compositions, gradients
- B22F2207/11—Gradients other than composition gradients, e.g. size gradients
- B22F2207/13—Size gradients
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/05—Light metals
- B22F2301/052—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/10—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material used as a material in manufacture of a metal product or in formation of coating using metal powder such as powder metallurgy such as sintering or thermal spraying.
- The "sintering", i.e., obtaining sintered metal by heating and solidifying an aggregate of a powdery metal material at a temperature lower than a melting point is widely used as a type of powder metallurgy for manufacturing various mechanical components such as gears, and particularly recently, use of the powdery metal material as a shaping material in a 3D printer is proposed. It is also proposed that molding of a desired three-dimensional cubic model directly by the metal material from shape data such as CAD by irradiating a laser beam or an electron beam to a powdery metal material in a predetermined pattern and then sintering it (Non-Patent Document 1), and in the three-dimensional cubic model manufactured by sintering of the powdery metal material as above, unlike a resin model which has been manufactured by a prior-art 3D printer, application not only as a model or a sample but also a direct use as components to be incorporated in a machine or the like are expected.
- However, sintered metal obtained by sintering the powdery metal material can easily have a density and strength lower than a case of melt molding due to occurrence of residual pores and the like, and it cannot be used in practice as a mechanical component as it is in many cases.
- Thus, with the purpose of removing such residual pores leading to lower density and lower strength, treatment called "sinter forging" for forging the obtained sintered metal has been in practice, but as described above, if treatment of sinter forging is further required for a component manufactured by simple three-dimensional shaping using the 3D printer, the merit of simplicity is lost.
- Unlike the post-treatment as the aforementioned sinter forging, researches for improving strength of the sintered metal by devising a composition or structure of the powdery metal material which is a raw material used for sintering have been promoted, and as one of them, there was a report that by applying mechanical milling treatment by stirring with a ball mill to the powdery metal material before sintering so as to change an internal structure of the material, sintered metal with high strength can be obtained (Non-Patent
Documents 2 and 3). - In this method, the mechanical milling treatment by a ball mill is performed to the powdery metal material having a predetermined crystalline structure as illustrated in
Fig. 6A so as to apply severe plastic deformation to the powdery metal material in a concentrated manner, a region called a shell formed by refining crystal grains (hereinafter this region shall be referred to as a "fine grain region" ) is generated in the vicinity of a surface of the powdery metal material as illustrated inFig. 6B , and as a result, a powdery metal material can be obtained provided with a region at a center part called a core maintaining an original crystal grain diameter (hereinafter this region shall be referred to as a "coarse grain region") and the aforementioned fine grain region covering this coarse grain region. - By sintering the powdery metal material in which the coarse grain region and the fine grain region are formed as described above, the obtained sintered metal is metal having a structure called "harmonic structure" in which a network-state structure formed of the fine grain regions of the powdery metal materials connected to each other and the coarse grain regions arranged harmonically in the fine grain regions as illustrated in
Fig. 6C (in the present invention, such metal is called "harmonic structure metal") is obtained, and it has been reported that in such harmonic structure metal, strength can be drastically improved while ductility equal to that of sintered metal having uniform equiaxed grain structure obtained by using a normal powdery metal material to which the mechanical milling treatment is not applied is maintained (Non-Patent Document 2). - In the aforementioned description, the example in which the manufacturing method of the "harmonic structure metal" is realized by "sintering" is described, but with regard to the powdery metal material provided with the aforementioned fine grain region, the formed metal coating can also be made the "harmonic structure metal" even if the metal coating is formed on the surface of a base material by "thermal spraying".
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- Non-Patent Document 1: "Special Feature 2-3D Printer 'Attracting!' 'Design/Manufacture Solution Exhibition' Report, Diversification of Molding Materials" [issued by Nikkei BP, "Nikkei Monodukuri August issue", (published on August 1, 2013) pp. 64 to 58]
- Non-Patent Document 2: "Creation of Innovative Structural Material Realizing both High Strength and High Ductility by Harmonic Structure Control" by Kei Ameyama, Tatsuya Sekiguchi ["Journals of The Japan Society for Heat Treatment" Vol. 53, No. 1 2013" issued by The Japan Society for Heat Treatment (published on February 28, 2013) pp. 1 to 2]
- Non-Patent Document 3: "Tripled Renewed Brass Hardness, Chip Molding/Sintering, New Technology by Nihon Univ. Improved Conductivity to Practice" [Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (April 30, 2013)]
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EP 0 687 739 A1 - As introduced as Non-Patent
Documents 2 and 3, when sintering is to be performed by using the powdery metal material subjected to stirring by a ball mill in advance, the sintered metal obtained by the sintering has the "harmonic structure" so that metal having excellent characteristics of both high ductility and high strength is obtained. - However, as described in
Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3, when the powdery metal material is treated by the ball mill, treatment efficiency is extremely poor, and treatment time is 100 hours inNon-Patent Document - Moreover, the treatment of the powdery metal material by the ball mill has a risk of powder dust explosion and is an extremely dangerous work.
- That is, since the powdery metal material used for sintering and the like has a fine grain diameter at approximately 100 µm in general, if the powdery metal material is contained in the ball mill, stirred under presence of air and subject to a friction force or an impact force, discharge of static electricity generated by friction in stirring can cause powder dust explosion.
- The powder dust explosion here occurs when the following three elements: presence of oxygen; generation of dusts at explosion lower limit density or more; and presence of ignition source are all satisfied and thus, if occurrence of the powder dust explosion is to be prevented, one or more of these conditions need to be eliminated. However, it is impossible to remove occurrence of friction or impact, which can be the ignition source, from the ball mill inside which the friction force and the impact force are generated in order to apply severe plastic deformation to the powdery metal material.
- Thus, if the powder dust explosion is to be prevented, the work should be performed in a state in which oxygen is eliminated by filling an inside of the ball mill with an inactive gas or the like, or an input amount of the powdery metal material should be adjusted so as to be less than the explosion lower limit density, or the both should be done.
- However, if the treatment is performed in a state in which the ball mill is filled with the inactive gas, a manufacturing cost is drastically raised, and considering that the explosion lower limit density of the powdery metal [200 mesh (opening: 74 µm) completely through] is 35 g/m3 for aluminum, 45 g/m3 for titanium, and 120 g/m3 for iron ["Safety and Hygiene of Arc Welding (third)" extracted from WE-COM magazine No. 6 (published in October 2012), Japan Welding Engineering Society, General Incorporated Association], if stirring is to be performed at the explosion lower limit density or less, only an extremely small amount can be treated at one time. Treatment might be possible for small-scaled production at an experimental level in a lab, but treatment of a large amount of the powdery metal material by a ball mill on a commercial base is impossible.
- Moreover, even if the aforementioned treatment by the ball mill can be applied to the treatment of the powdery metal material, surface oxides such as oxidized scale exfoliated from a surface of the powdery metal material are mixed in the powdery metal material treated by this method, and the oxides prevent binding between powdery metal materials during sintering and hinder improvement of strength.
- That is, the powdery metal material used for sintering or thermal spraying is manufactured by an atomizing method in general, but since in this atomizing method, the powdery metal material is manufactured by spraying/scattering molten metal for refining and by instantaneously rapid cooling/solidifying it, the oxidized scale adheres to the surface of the powdery metal material.
- On the powdery metal materials manufactured by methods other than the atomizing method, an oxidized film which is a surface oxide is also formed more or less by contact with oxygen in the air.
- Even if these surface oxides such as the oxidized scale are exfoliated from the surface of the powdery metal material by friction or impact received during stirring in the ball mill, the oxides exfoliated as above are not eliminated even after the exfoliation but stay mixed in the powdery metal material due to a structure of the ball mill.
- Moreover, since the exfoliated oxides are continuously stirred together with the powdery metal material in the ball mill, a part of the exfoliated oxides is pressed onto the surface of the powdery metal material by friction or impact caused by stirring and adheres thereto again by being embedded or the like.
- Thus, if the powdery metal material treated by the ball mill is taken out as it is and used for sintering, improvement of strength is suppressed by presence of the oxides mixed in the powdery metal material.
- On the other hand, in order to remove the oxides mixed in the powdery metal material, the powdery metal material after the treatment by the ball mill can be subjected to wind-power sorting or the like, for example, but with this method, another process for further eliminating the oxides needs to be provided in addition to the treatment by the ball mill, whereby productivity is further lowered.
- Moreover, with this method, though the oxides mixed in the powdery metal material can be removed to some degree, the oxides re-adhering to the surface of the powdery metal material cannot be separated/removed.
- Thus, if surface treatment of the powdery metal material can be performed by a method which can also remove such surface oxidized film, further improvement of strength of the obtained harmonic structure metal can be expected.
- The present invention was made in order to overcome the disadvantages in the aforementioned prior-art techniques and has an object to provide a method defined by the appended
claim 1 without a concern of powder dust explosion and can perform exfoliation of oxides from the surface and removal of the oxides after the exfoliation easily and reliably and also efficiently in a relatively short time. - In order to achieve an objective of the invention, a method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material for manufacture of harmonic structure metal in which a fine grain region and a coarse grain region are harmonically is defined by the appended
claim 1. - Furthermore, in the dust collecting means of the blasting machine, the collected powder dusts are stored with nonflammable powder, such as calcium carbonate or the like.
- In the method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material, the ejection powder and the object to be collided may be exchanged each other, i.e., the blasting may be performed by using the powdery metal material as the ejection powder and the medium substance as the object to be collided; and
the blasting may be performed by using the medium substance with a powdery shape as the ejection powder and the powdery metal material as the object to be collided. - Furthermore, the medium substance may be made a powdery metal material of the same material and the same average grain diameter as the powdery metal material, and the ejection powder and the object to be collided may be both made into the powdery metal material.
- A material of the medium substance may be metal having hardness equal to or higher than hardness of the powdery metal material or ceramic having hardness equal to or higher than hardness of the powdery metal material after the surface treatment.
- According to the method for surface treatment of the powdery metal material of the present invention, the following marked effects can be obtained by means of the aforementioned constitution of the present invention.
- By performing blasting of causing a powdery metal material having an average grain diameter of 10 to 200 µm and a medium substance having hardness equal to or higher than that of the powdery metal material to be collided with each other repeatedly at an ejection speed of 100 to 300 m/sec, surface oxides on the powdery metal material are removed, and repetition of rapid temperature rise and cooling occurring in the vicinity of a surface of the powdery metal material at the collision refines crystal grains in the vicinity of the surface of the powdery metal material, and the powdery metal material in which a fine grain region having a crystal grain diameter smaller than a crystal grain diameter at a center part is formed in the vicinity of the surface can be treated by a relatively simple method of blasting easily and in a large quantity in a short time.
- Moreover, by performing the aforementioned blasting by means of a blasting machine with a dust collection function, mass production is made possible while a risk of powder dust explosion is avoided, and by removing and collecting surface oxides such as oxidized scale exfoliated from the surface of the powdery metal material as powder dusts by suctioning in a cabinet, a powdery metal material without mixing of the surface oxides could be obtained without separately providing a process of removing the surface oxides in a post-process.
- The means provided with a cyclone for classifying the powder dusts from the ejected powder is to be used as dust collecting means for the blasting, even if the powdery metal powder and the exfoliated surface oxides are collected in the mixed state, the surface oxides can be classified with the powder dusts from the ejected powder and collected so that the powdery metal material from which the surface oxides are removed with higher accuracy could be obtained.
- Moreover, in the dust collecting means of the aforementioned blasting machine, if the removed powder dusts are stored with nonflammable powder such as calcium carbonate, a risk of powder dust explosion not only in a processing chamber but also in the collecting machine could be reduced.
- This blasting may be so configured that the powdery metal material as the ejection powder is ejected to the medium substance and made to collide against said medium substance, or that the medium substance as the ejection powder is ejected to the powdery metal material and is made to collide against said powdery metal material, but when it is so configured that both the ejection powder and an object to be collided are made to be a powdery metal material having the same average grain diameter and formed of the same material and the powdery metal material is ejected to and is made to collide against the powdery metal material, the surface treatment is applied to both the powdery metal powder as the ejection powder and the powdery metal powder as the object to be collided, and a throughput could be doubled.
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Fig. 1A is schematic explanatory view of a blasting machine of a gravity type used in a method for surface treatment of the present invention; -
Fig. 1B is schematic explanatory view of a blasting machine of a direct pressure type used in a method for surface treatment of the present invention; -
Fig. 2 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction result of an untreated stainless powder (SUS304 equivalent); -
Fig. 3 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction result of a stainless powder (SUS 304 equivalent) treated by a method in Example 1; -
Fig. 4 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction result of an untreated powder high-speed tool steel (SKH equivalent); -
Fig. 5 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction result of a powder high-speed tool steel (SKH equivalent) treated by a method in Example 2; and -
Fig. 6A is an explanatory view explaining creation of a harmonic structure in which is a schematic view of an untreated powdery metal material; -
Fig. 6B is an explanatory view explaining creation of a harmonic structure in which is a schematic view of a powdery metal material after treatment by a ball mill; and -
Fig. 6C is an explanatory view explaining creation of a harmonic structure in which is a schematic view of harmonic structure metal obtained by sintering the powdery metal material inFig. 6B . - Subsequently, embodiments of the present invention will be described below by referring to the attached drawings.
- The present invention is to remove surface oxides such as an oxidized scale prohibiting improvement of strength in sintering or thermal spraying from a surface of a powdery metal material and to form a fine grain region having a crystal grain diameter smaller than the crystal grain diameter at a center part in the vicinity of the surface of the powdery metal material by performing blasting of repeatedly causing the powdery metal material which is a treatment target and a medium substance which collides against the powdery metal material to collide against each other at a predetermined ejection speed by means of a known blasting machine.
- As described above, a metal product obtained by a method of powder metallurgy such as sintering or metal coating manufactured by thermal spraying by using a powdery metal material in which a coarse grain region having a relatively large crystal grain diameter is formed at the center part and a fine grain region with a smaller crystal grain diameter than that of the coarse grain region is formed in the vicinity of the surface become harmonic structure metal having a crystalline structure [see
Fig. 6C ] in which the coarse grain regions are harmonically arranged in a network of a fine grain structure formed by binding the fine grain regions and exhibiting an excellent characteristic that both high ductility and high strength are realized. - The powdery metal material which is a treatment target in the present invention is powdery metal having an average grain diameter of 10 to 200 µm to be used as a material in powder metallurgy as sintering or thermal spraying, and various materials can be used as long as it is applicable to powder metallurgy or thermal spraying. The material may be constituted by either one of pure metal and an alloy.
- As an example, metal used for powder metallurgy in general includes iron-, copper-, stainless-, titanium-, and tungsten-based metal and metal used for thermal spraying in general includes zinc, aluminum, copper and the like. They can be all included in the material of the powdery metal material in the present invention.
- The powdery metal material to be used can be manufactured by various methods, e.g. spraying methods represented by an atomizing method which is a manufacturing method of the powdery metal material used in general in the powder metallurgy and thermal spraying, and various known methods such as mechanical crushing, electrolytic deposition and the like.
- A shape of the powder may be spherical but this is not limiting and those with various shapes can be used.
- The crystal grain diameter of the powdery metal material before treatment is a crystal grain diameter of the aforementioned coarse grain region as it is, and if the crystal grain diameter of the coarse grain region is set within a predetermined range, a powdery metal material with a corresponding crystal grain diameter is selected. Though not particularly limiting, the average crystal grain diameter of the coarse grain region is several to several tens µm as an example.
- As the aforementioned medium substance which collides against the powdery metal material, various substances can be used as long as it has hardness equal to or higher than that of the powdery metal material, and not only those made of metal but those made of ceramic can be used.
- If the medium substance made of ceramic not subjected to work hardening is to be used, it is preferable that ceramic having hardness equal to or higher than that of the powdery metal material after the surface treatment of the present invention is used so that the powdery metal material can maintain the same or improved hardness after the work hardening.
- By constituting the medium substance itself by the aforementioned powdery metal material, the aforementioned fine grain region may be formed in the both of the powdery metal material as the treatment target and the powdery metal material as the medium substance by collision between the powdery metal materials.
- A shape of the medium substance needs to be constituted as powder when the medium substance is to be used as the ejection powder, but when the treatment is to be performed by using the aforementioned powdery metal material as the ejection powder, the medium substance does not have to be powder but may be constituted in a form of a plate body or the like.
- The collision between the powdery metal material and the medium substance described above is made by blasting means of the blasting machine.
- As this blasting, as described above, it may be so configured that the powdery metal material is ejected as the ejection powder to the medium substance and made to collide against said medium substance, or to the contrary, a powdery medium substance may be prepared as the ejection powder and ejected to the powdery metal material so as to cause a collision against said powdery metal material. Moreover, it may be so configured that the ejection powder and the object to be collided are both constituted by the powdery metal material having the same average grain diameter and made of the same material, and the powdery metal materials are made to collide against each other.
- As the blasting
machine 1 to be used, those with various known constitution can be used as long as it is a blasting machine having acabinet 21 as a processing chamber and a dust collection function of suctioning an inside of thecabinet 21 for dust collection, and the blasting machine of either one of a direct pressure type and a gravity type may be used. - A constitution example of the gravity
type blasting machine 1 and a constitution example of the direct pressure type to be used for the surface treatment of the present invention are illustrated inFig. 1A andFig. 1B , respectively. - An example in which the surface treatment of the present invention is performed with the blasting
machine 1 by using the powdery metal material having the same material and the same average grain diameter for both the ejection powder and the object to be collided will be described below. However, the blastingmachine 1 used in the method for surface treatment of the present invention is not limited to illustrated constitution. - The blasting
machine 1 illustrated inFigs. 1A and1B comprises: thecabinet 21 which becomes a processing chamber for accommodating anejection nozzle 22 and a workpiece and performing blasting; and adust collecting machine 38 for suctioning an inside of thiscabinet 21. The blastingmachine 1 is provided with a cyclonetype collection tank 23 between thisdust collecting machine 38 and thecabinet 21 for collecting into thecollection tank 23 the powdery metal material collected by suctioning of the inside of thecabinet 21 in a state mixed with powder dusts and can collect into thedust collecting machine 38 the powder dusts separated from the powdery metal material in the cyclonetype collection tank 23. - It is configured that the powdery metal material collected in the
collection tank 23 as described above can be ejected again by anejection nozzle 22 in thecabinet 21. - At a destination to which a tip end of the
ejection nozzle 22 is directed inside theaforementioned cabinet 21, abarrel basket 24 which is a container rotating during ejection of the ejection powder and opened upward is provided, and the powdery metal material which is the object to be collided can be input therein. - In the example illustrated in
Fig. 1A , thisbarrel basket 24 is depicted as a mesh with a large number of small pores formed, but the illustrated example is not limiting, and the barrel basket may be constituted without such small pores. - Prior to the treatment by means of the blasting
machine 1 constituted as above, the powdery metal material is contained in thecollection tank 23 and the powdery metal material is also contained in thebarrel basket 24 provided in the processing chamber, and while thebarrel basket 24 is rotated in this state, ejection of the powdery metal material from theejection nozzle 22 is started at the ejection speed of 100 to 300 m/sec and then, the powdery metal material ejected from theejection nozzle 22 collides against the powdery metal material in therotating barrel basket 24. - An ejection pressure may be 100 m/sec or more in the treatment of a non-iron based powdery metal material, but 150 m/sec or more is preferable for the treatment of an iron-based powdery metal material.
- By performing ejection of the powdery metal material as described above, the powdery metal material in the
barrel basket 24 and the powdery metal material ejected from theejection nozzle 22 mutually receive energy at the collision so that surface oxides such as oxidized scale formed on the surface of the powdery metal materials are exfoliated. Also, the temperature of the surface in the collision portion is rapidly raised and also cooled so that the crystal grains on the surface of the collision portion are refined, and a fine grain region is formed in which a crystal grain with a diameter smaller than that of the crystal grain on a center portion of the powdery metal material is formed in the vicinity of the surface of the powdery metal material. - It is empirically confirmed that the fine grain region of the powdery metal material is formed on the surface of the powdery metal material to a depth of approximately 20% at the maximum with respect to the grain diameter if the powdery metal material as the treatment target is less than 100 µm and formed to a depth of approximately 10% at the maximum with respect to the grain diameter if the powdery metal material as the treatment target is 100 µm or more, and thus, in the method for surface treatment of the present invention with the powdery metal material having an average grain diameter of 10 to 200 µm as the treatment target, the aforementioned fine grain region is formed within a range of 2 to 20 µm from the surface at the maximum depending on the grain diameter of the powdery metal material as the treatment target.
- A description "in the vicinity of the surface" used herein refers to the surface including the above described range of depth.
- The powdery metal material ejected from the
ejection nozzle 22 collides against the powdery metal material in thebarrel basket 24 and then, accumulates in thebarrel basket 24 except those forced out to outside thebarrel basket 24 and is stirred with rotation of thebarrel basket 24 with the powdery metal material having been originally present in thebarrel basket 24. - Thus, if the ejection of the powdery metal material from the
ejection nozzle 22 is continued, the powdery metal material in thebarrel basket 24 increases and overflows from thebarrel basket 24 and drops to a bottom part of thecabinet 21. - The bottom part of the
cabinet 21 is formed as a hopper having an inverted trapezoidal shape, and a lower end of the hopper communicates with thedust collecting machine 38 through anexhaust air passage 33 and thecollection tank 23 and thus, when the inside of thecabinet 21 is suctioned by aventilator 39 provided in thedust collecting machine 38, the dropped powdery metal material and powder dusts are suctioned with the air in thecabinet 21 and supplied into the cyclonetype collection tank 23, the powder dusts and the powdery metal material are classified in thiscollection tank 23 and the powdery metal material is collected downward in thecollection tank 23. - The surface oxides such as oxidized scale generated on the surface of the powdery metal material are harder and more fragile as compared with the powdery metal material. Therefore, the surface oxides are finely crushed when they are exfoliated by an impact caused by a collision between the powdery metal materials. Thus, the surface oxides are not collected in the
collection tank 23 but sent to thedust collecting machine 38 as powder dusts through apipe 32 connected to an upper part of thecollection tank 23 and collected downward in thedust collecting machine 38, and clean air is discharged to the outside air by theventilator 39. - As described above, the inside of the processing chamber formed in the
cabinet 21 is suctioned at all times, and the powder dusts and the powdery metal material floating in the air are removed and kept to the explosion lower limit density or less. Thus, there is no concern of the powder dust explosion in the cabinet even by heat generation by ejection, collision and friction of the ejection powder which is the powdery metal material or generation of static electricity in this embodiment. - On the other hand, the powder dusts classified in the cyclone
type collection tank 23 and collected in thedust collecting machine 38 are accommodated in thedust collecting machine 38 with an nonflammable powder such as powder of calcium carbonate, for example, so that a density of flammable powder dusts in the air in thedust collecting machine 38 becomes the explosion lower limit density or less, whereby a risk of powder dust explosion in thedust collecting machine 38 is also avoided. - The powdery metal material collected in the
collection tank 23 is ejected again by theejection nozzle 22 toward the powdery metal material in thebarrel basket 24, and the aforementioned process is repeated so that the surface oxides such as oxidized scale are removed from the surfaces of any powdery metal materials, and the fine grain region is formed so as to cover the entirety in the vicinity of the surface. - When the powdery metal material on which the fine grain region is formed in the vicinity of the surface as described above is used as a material for powder metallurgy such as sintering or is used for formation of a metal film of thermal spraying or the like, in the obtained sintered metal or metal coating, harmonic structure metal in which the coarse grain region is harmonically arranged in the network of the fine grain structures formed by mutually connecting parts of the fine grain regions is obtained. In such harmonic structure metal, excellent characteristics of realization of both the high ductility and high strength are obtained.
- Particularly in the powdery metal material treated by the method of the present invention, the surface oxides such as oxidized scale causing lowered strength in sintering or deposition can be favorably removed and thus, strength of the obtained sintered metal or metal coating can be further improved.
- In the aforementioned description, the constitution is described in which the ejection powder and the object to be collided are both the powdery metal materials and the ejection powder and the object to be collided are made to collide against each other in the
barrel basket 24 provided in thecabinet 21, but a plate body formed of a material having hardness equal to or higher than that of the ejection powder is accommodated as the medium substance in thecabinet 21 instead of theaforementioned barrel basket 24, and the surface treatment of the present invention may be configured to be performed by ejecting the powdery metal material as the ejection powder to this plate body and making to collide against the same. - Moreover, it may be so constituted that the
aforementioned blasting machine 1 provided with thebarrel basket 24 is used, a powdery medium substance is used as the ejection powder, and the medium substance as the ejection powder is ejected to the powdery metal material contained in thebarrel basket 24, and in this case, the powdery metal material and the medium substance are classified after the treatment and collected, respectively. - Examples in which the method for surface treatment of the present invention is applied to the powdery metal materials of various materials will be described below.
- The method for surface treatment of the present invention was performed to stainless powder (SUS304 equivalent: #80) as the powdery metal material. Treatment conditions are shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Treatment conditions for Example 1 (SUS304) Blasting machine Type Direct pressure type ("FD-4LD" by Fuji Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Barrel basket made of SUS304, no pores, 4 rotations per minute Nozzle Nozzle diameter: ϕ5 mm Oscillation: 100 mm in width, 60 times per minute Powdery metal material Material Stainless powder (SUS-304 equivalent) (0.2 to 0.3%C <1.8%Si <1.0%Mn 18 to 20%Cr 8 to 10.5%Ni) Grain diameter #80 (105 to 250µm / 177µm on average) Medium substance Same as powdery metal material Blasting conditions Ejection pressure 0.6 MPa Ejection speed 150m/sec or more Ejection distance 300 mm Ejection rate 6 kg/min Ejection time 3 hours Throughput 30 kg - The stainless powder in 10 kg was contained in the barrel basket provided in the processing chamber of the blasting machine and 20 kg into the collection tank, and the treatment of ejecting the stainless powder in the collection tank by the ejection nozzle into the barrel basket was performed continuously for 3 hours under the condition shown in the aforementioned Table 1.
- As the result of the aforementioned treatment, in the stainless powder after the treatment, the oxidized scale was removed and the surface was cleaned, and moreover, hardness of the stainless powder which was 250 to 350 HV before the treatment rose to 450 to 550 HV after the treatment, and it is expected from the result that the crystal grains in the vicinity of the surface were refined.
- Refining of the crystal grain diameter can be evaluated from an increase of a line width of an X-ray analysis peak using the Scherrer (Sherrer, 1918) formula. In the X-ray analysis result (
Fig. 3 ) after the treatment by the present invention, the line width of the peak drastically increased with respect to the X-ray analysis result (seeFig. 2 ) of the untreated stainless powder. Thus, it was confirmed that hardness of the aforementioned powdery metal material rose, and refining of the crystal grain diameter on the surface was also confirmed from the X-ray diffraction result. - The method for surface treatment of the present invention was performed to a powder high-speed tool steel (SKH equivalent: #150) as the powdery metal material. The treatment conditions are shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2 Treatment conditions for Example 2 (Powder high-speed tool steel: SKH equivalent) Blasting machine Type Gravity type ("SGK-4LD" by Fuji Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Barrel basket made of SUS304, no pores, 4 rotations per minute Nozzle Nozzle diameter: ϕ9 mm Oscillation: 100 mm in width, 60 times per minute Powdery metal material Material Powder high-speed tool steel ("SPM30" by Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd.) (1.3%C 4.0%Cr 5%Mo 6%W 3%V 8%Co) Grain diameter #150 (44 to 125µm / 85µm on average) Medium substance Same as powdery metal material Blasting conditions Ejection pressure 0.6 MPa Ejection speed 150m/sec or more Ejection distance 200 mm Ejection rate 5 kg/min Ejection time 5 hours Throughput 20 kg - The powdery high-speed tool steel in 10 kg was contained in the barrel basket provided in the processing chamber of the blasting machine and 10 kg into the collection tank, and the treatment of ejecting the powdery high-speed tool steel in the collection tank by the ejection nozzle into the barrel basket was performed continuously for 5 hours under the conditions shown in the aforementioned Table 2.
- As a result, hardness of the powdery high-speed tool steel at 650 to 750 HV before the treatment rose to 900 to 1000 HV after the treatment.
- Moreover, in the powdery high-speed tool steel after the treatment, the oxidized scale was removed and the surface was cleaned, and from the X-ray diffraction result, the line width of the X-ray analysis peak increased (see
Fig. 5 ) as compared with the untreated one (seeFig. 4 ), and the refining of the surface structure by the treatment according to the method of the present invention was confirmed (seeFigs. 4 and5 ). - The method for surface treatment of the present invention was performed to powder of an alloy steel for mechanical structure (SCM equivalent: #150) as the powdery metal material. The treatment conditions are shown in Table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Example 3: Treatment conditions for powder of alloy steel for mechanical structure (SCM equivalent) Blasting machine Type Gravity type ("SGK-4LD" by Fuji Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Barrel basket made of SUS304, no pores, 4 rotations per minute Nozzle Nozzle diameter: ϕ9 mm Oscillation: 100 mm in width, 60 times per minute Powdery metal material Material Alloy steel for mechanical structure (SCM equivalent) (0.23%C 0.2%Mo 1.5%Cr) Grain diameter #150(44 to 125µm / 85µm on average) Medium substance Same as powdery metal material Blasting conditions Ejection pressure 0.6 MPa Ejection speed 150 m/sec or more Ejection distance 200 mm Ejection rate 5 kg/min Ejection time 5 hours Throughput 20 kg - The power of alloy steel for mechanical structure in 10 kg was contained in the barrel basket provided in the processing chamber of the blasting machine and 10 kg into the collection tank, and the treatment of ejecting the powder of the alloy steel for mechanical structure in the collection tank by the ejection nozzle into the barrel basket was performed continuously for 5 hours under the conditions shown in the aforementioned Table 3.
- As a result, hardness of the powder of alloy steel for mechanical structure at 150 to 200 HV before the treatment rose to 300 to 350 HV after the treatment.
- Moreover, in the powder of the alloy steel for mechanical structure after the treatment, the oxidized scale was removed and the surface was cleaned, and it is considered from the aforementioned rise of hardness that the refined structure is formed on the surface.
- The method for surface treatment of the present invention was performed to powder of the copper alloy (#150) as the powdery metal material. The treatment conditions are shown in Table 4 below:
TABLE 4 Treatment conditions for Example 4 (copper alloy) Blasting machine Type Gravity type ("SGK-4LD" by Fuji Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), No barrel basket Nozzle Nozzle diameter = ϕ9 mm Oscillation: 100 mm in width, 60 times per minute Powdery metal material Material Copper alloy (21%Zn 17%Ni 0.34%Mn, the remnant Cu) Grain diameter #150 (44 to 125µm / 85µm on average) Medium substance SKD11 plate having diameter of 400 mm and thickness of 20 mm Blasting conditions Ejection pressure 0.4 MPa Ejection speed 100m/sec or more Ejection distance 200 mm Ejection rate 4 kg/ min Ejection time 7 hours Throughput 20 kg - The copper alloy powder in 20 kg was contained in the collection tank, and the treatment of ejecting the copper alloy powder in the collection tank by the ejection nozzle toward a position where a core was shifted by 100 mm from a center of a plate (φ400 mm,
thickness 20 mm) made of SKD11 arranged in the processing chamber was performed for 7 hours continuously. - As a result, hardness of the copper alloy powder at 160 to 200 HV before the treatment rose to 220 to 260 HV after the treatment.
- Moreover, in the copper alloy powder after the treatment, the oxidized scale was removed and the surface was cleaned, and it is considered from the aforementioned rise of hardness that the refined structure is formed on the surface.
- The method for surface treatment of the present invention was performed to powder of aluminum alloy (AC8A: #80) as the powdery metal material. The treatment conditions are shown in Table 5 below:
TABLE 5 Treatment conditions for Example 5: Aluminum alloy (AC8A) Blasting machine Type Gravity type ("SGK-4LD" by Fuji Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Barrel basket made of SUS304, with (ϕ1 mm pores, 4 rotations per minute Nozzle Nozzle diameter: ϕ9 mm Oscillation: 100 mm in width, 60 times per minute Powdery metal material Material Aluminum alloy (AC8A:12%Si 0.8%Fe 1.1%Cu 0.15 %Mn 1%Mg 1.1%Ni, the remnant Al)Grain diameter #80 (105 to 250µm / 177µm on average) Medium substance Shot made of a high speed steel (#400, 45µm on average) Blasting conditions Ejection pressure 0.4 MPa Ejection speed 100 m/sec or more Ejection distance 200 mm Ejection rate 4 kg/ min Ejection time 7 hours Throughput 10 kg - A barrel basket in which a large number of holes, each having a diameter of 1 mm, are formed was provided in the processing chamber, and the powder of the aluminum alloy (AC8A) was input in 10 kg into this barrel basket, and a treatment of ejecting a shot made of a high speed steel collected in the collection tank into the barrel basket was performed for 7 hours continuously.
- As a result of the aforementioned treatment, hardness of the aluminum alloy powder at 120 to 140 HV before the treatment rose to 200 to 250 HV after the treatment.
- Moreover, in the aluminum alloy powder after the treatment, the oxidized scale was removed and the surface was cleaned, and from the aforementioned rise of hardness, it is considered that a component of the high speed steel which is the medium substance is diffused and penetrated into the surface of the powder of the aluminum alloy and the refined structure was formed on the surface.
- Then, discharge plasma sintering was performed by using the powdery metal material treated by the method for surface treatment of the present invention described as above as Examples 1 to 5.
- As a result, also in the sintered metal obtained by sintering the powdery metal material of any one of examples 1 to 5, the "harmonic structure" in which the coarse grain structures are arranged harmonically in the network formed by connecting the fine grain regions to each other is provided, and it was confirmed that the method for surface treatment of the present invention is a method for surface treatment which can treat the powdery metal material used for manufacture of the harmonic structure metal simply, in a large quantity and moreover, safely.
-
- 1.
- Blasting machine
- 21.
- Cabinet
- 22.
- Ejection nozzle
- 23.
- Collection tank (cyclone type)
- 24.
- Barrel basket
- 32.
- Pipe
- 33.
- Exhaust air passage
- 38.
- Dust collecting machine
- 39.
- Ventilator
Claims (7)
- A method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material for manufacturing a harmonic structure metal in which a fine grain region and a coarse grain region are harmonically arranged comprising the steps of:ejecting ejection powder with a compressed gas in a cabinet by use of a blasting machine and causing the ejection powder to collide against an object to be collided, suctioning an inside of the cabinet by dust collecting means and removing/collecting powder dusts, namely surface oxides such as oxidized scale exfoliated from the surface of the powdery metal material; andperforming blasting by causing a powdery metal material having an average grain diameter of 10 to 200 µm and a medium substance having hardness equal to or higher than that of the powdery metal material to collide with each other repeatedly at an ejection speed of 100 to 300 m/sec, and exfoliate surface oxides from the powdery metal material and forming a fine grain region called a shell in the vicinity of the surface of the powdery material and a region at a center part called a core maintaining an original crystal grain diameter, the fine grain region covering this coarse grain region,wherein the fine grain region which is formed in the vicinity of the surface of the powdery metal material has a crystal grain with a diameter smaller than that of the crystal grain on a center portion of the powdery metal material which is formed, wherein the fine grain region of the powdery metal material is formed on the surface of the powdery metal material to a depth of approximately 20% at the maximum with respect to the grain diameter if the powdery metal material as the treatment target is less than 100 µm and formed to a depth of approximately 10% at the maximum with respect to the grain diameter if the powdery metal material as the treatment target is 100 µm or more,
sintering the powdery material or using the powdery material for formation of a metal film by thermal spraying, and obtaining a network-state structure formed of the fine grain regions of the powdery metal materials connected to each other and the coarse grain regions arranged harmonically in the fine grain regions. - The method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material according to claim 1, wherein
the dust collecting means of the blasting machine comprises a cyclone for classifying the powder dusts and the ejection powder. - The method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
in the dust collecting means of the blasting machine, the collected powder dusts are stored with nonflammable powder. - The method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
the blasting is performed by using the powdery metal material as the ejection powder and the medium substance as the object to be collided. - The method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
the blasting is performed by using the medium substance with a powdery shape as the ejection powder and the powdery metal material as the object to be collided. - The method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
the medium substance is made a powdery metal material of the same material and the same average grain diameter as the powdery metal material, and the ejection powder and the object to be collided are both made into the powdery metal material. - The method for surface treatment of a powdery metal material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein
a material of the medium substance is metal having hardness equal to or higher than hardness of the powdery metal material or ceramic having hardness equal to or higher than hardness of the powdery metal material after the surface treatment.
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US20080176487A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Armstrong Jay T | Portable cleaning and blasting system for multiple media types, including dry ice and grit |
JP4719249B2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社不二機販 | Surface oxidation wear-resistant lubricating coating and method for forming the same |
JP5381045B2 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2014-01-08 | 新東工業株式会社 | Method for producing shot peening projection material |
US8893538B2 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2014-11-25 | Fuji Kihan Co., Ltd. | Instantaneous heat treatment method for metal product |
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2013
- 2013-09-18 JP JP2013193254A patent/JP5723942B2/en active Active
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2014
- 2014-09-14 US US14/895,321 patent/US20160193658A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-09-17 CN CN201480035621.1A patent/CN105339112B/en active Active
- 2014-09-17 WO PCT/JP2014/074518 patent/WO2015041236A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-09-17 EP EP14845712.0A patent/EP3047925B1/en active Active
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Patent Citations (1)
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JPH02243701A (en) * | 1989-03-17 | 1990-09-27 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Treatment of metal powder |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11845128B2 (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2023-12-19 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Powder bed materials |
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JP2015059236A (en) | 2015-03-30 |
JP5723942B2 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
CN105339112A (en) | 2016-02-17 |
HK1219075A1 (en) | 2017-03-24 |
EP3047925A4 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
CN105339112B (en) | 2017-04-19 |
US20160193658A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
EP3047925A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
WO2015041236A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
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