Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
  • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
  • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
  • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
  • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
  • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
  • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
  • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
  • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
  • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
  • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
  • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
  • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
  • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
  • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
  • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
  • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
  • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
  • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
  • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
  • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
  • F25J3/04387—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using liquid or hydraulic turbine expansion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
  • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
  • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
  • F25J3/04775—Air purification and pre-cooling
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
  • F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
  • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
  • F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
  • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
  • F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
  • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
  • F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
  • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
  • F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing gaseous oxygen by cryogenic distillation of air.
• An object of the invention is to improve the energy performance of an air separation unit producing a gas, generally oxygen, at a pressure greater than 20 bar, by vaporization of the main oxygen exchanger. liquid, withdrawn distillation columns and brought to high pressure by means of a pump.
• the energy efficiency of the installation largely depends on the manner in which the hot pressurized fluid, generally supply air, is generated which, condensing towards the cold end of the exchanger, will allow the vaporization of oxygen by exchanging calories.
• US-A-5475980 discloses an air separation process in which a portion of air is compressed in a hot booster and another portion in a cold booster to substantially identical pressures. Cold compression causes compression heat input into the heat exchanger. Now some of the air that is pressurized in the cold booster is loosened in an expansion turbine. For this reason, it is not possible to reduce the cold-boosted flow rate below a certain value since the air available for expansion would be insufficient.
• the air flow to the turbine has not been overpressed in the cold booster and thus it is possible to minimize the amount of heat of compression.
• the invention proposes a particularly effective method for generating this gas under pressure, by the succession of the several operations.
• a method for producing gaseous oxygen by cryogenic distillation of the air in which:
• the gas at the pressure P1 is cooled, typically by heat exchange with water, to generate a flow of air at the pressure P1 and the temperature T1 between 5 and 45 ° C, preferably between 15 and 25 ° C,
• a part of the compressed air in the first compressor undergoes an additional compression step from the temperature T1 and the pressure P1 to a pressure P2 greater than P1, then is cooled, typically by heat exchange with water, up to the temperature T2 where T2 and T1 differ by less than 10 ° C, typically less than 5 ° C,
• this cooled portion is then introduced into a heat exchanger of an air separation unit for cooling to a temperature of less than or equal to -100 ° C,
• step iv) another part of the air is introduced at the pressure P1 into a heat exchanger of the air separation unit, possibly that of step iv), to undergo cooling to a lower temperature at -100 ° C, then at least a fraction of this other part is compressed from this cryogenic temperature in a second compressor (4) to a pressure P3 which is equal to P2, or is greater or less than minus from 5 bars to P2, vi) the fraction thus compressed in the second compressor is returned to one of the preceding exchangers or to the exchanger to be cooled to a temperature below -100 ° C,
• At least a portion of the air at the pressure P2 and at least a portion of the air at the pressure P3 and optionally at least a portion of the flow at the pressure P1 are cooled to the cold end of the exchanger where they are liquefied and then are sent after expansion in at least one distillation column of the air separation unit, viii) at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, of the total air flow feeds at least one distillation column of the unit in gaseous form, after having been expanded in an expansion turbine
• the air is expanded in the expansion turbine from the pressure P1 or P2 or a pressure between P1 and P2.
• the second compressor is coupled to another expansion turbine
• the separation unit comprises a medium pressure column and a low pressure column and a nitrogen enriched gas from the medium pressure column is expanded in a turbine,
• the second compressor is coupled to a turbine and a complementary or surplus power supply or extraction system is integrated between the turbine and the second compressor, either directly on the common shaft of the turbine / second compressor, or by the intermediate of a multiplier,
• the pressure P3 is greater than or less than P2 of at most 2 bar, at least a portion of the air gas sent to the distillation columns has been expanded in a turbine from the pressure P1 or an intermediate pressure between the pressure P1 and P2, at least a part of the gaseous air sent to the distillation columns has been expanded in a turbine from the pressure P2,
• the pressure P1 is between 20 and 25 bar
• the pressure P2 is between 50 and 60 bar
• the pressure P3 is between 50 and 60 bars
• the fraction of the compressed air in the second compressor is compressed to the pressure P2 and is mixed with the portion of the air at the pressure P2 to cool in the heat exchanger.
• an apparatus for producing oxygen gas by cryogenic distillation of air comprising a column system, a first compressor, a second compressor, at least one heat exchanger, means to send all or part of the supply air flow to the first compressor capable of raising its pressure to a pressure P1, at least 5 bars higher than the pressure of the medium pressure column, a first cooler for cooling the gas to the pressure P1, typically by heat exchange with water, to generate a flow of air at the pressure P1 and the temperature T1 between 5 and 45 ° C, preferably between 15 and 25 ° C, means for compressing a part of the compressed air in the first compressor at the pressure P1 until a pressure P2 greater than P1, a second cooler for cooling the part of the air at P2, to the temperature T2 where T2 and T1 differ at least s of 10 ° C, typically less than 5 ° C, means for sending this cooled part in the or one of the heat exchanger to undergo cooling to a temperature of less than or equal to -100 ° C, means for
• the means for compressing a portion of the air at the pressure P2 consist of a compressor.
• the output of the second compressor and the output of the means for supercharging a portion of the air at the pressure P2 are connected to at least one common passage of the heat exchanger for cooling the two compressed air flows in the second compressor and the means to overpress.
• the second compressor is coupled to a turbine other than the air turbine.
• the second compressor is coupled to a nitrogen turbine fed by the column system.
• All or part of the supply air flow is brought to a pressure P1, greater than at least 5 bars above the medium pressure column, by means of a compressor whose suction temperature T0 is between 0 and 50 ° C, preferably between 5 and 30 ° C.
• the gas is cooled, typically by heat exchange with water, to generate an air flow at the pressure P1 and the temperature T1 between 5 and 45 ° C, preferably between 15 and 25 ° vs.
• Part of this stream undergoes an additional compression step from the temperature T1 and the pressure P1 to a pressure P2 greater than P1, then is cooled, typically by heat exchange with water, until the temperature T2.
• T2 and T1 differ only by less than 10 ° C, typically less than 5 ° C.
• This flow rate is then introduced into an exchanger E1 of the air separation unit to undergo cooling down to a temperature of less than -100 ° C.
• Another part of this flow is introduced at the pressure P1 and at the temperature T1 into an exchanger of the air separation unit, possibly E1, to undergo cooling to a temperature below -100 ° C, then at least a fraction of this portion is compressed from this cryogenic temperature in a compressor to a pressure equal to P2, or differing from less than 5 bar to P2.
• the flow thus compressed is returned to one of the preceding exchangers to be cooled to a temperature below -100 ° C.
• At least a portion of each of the flow rates brought to a high pressure is cooled to the cold end of the exchanger where they liquefy and then are sent after relaxation in the distillation columns.
• a third part of the flow at the temperature T1 and at the pressure P1 is sent into an exchanger of the air separation unit.
• At least 50%, preferably at least 70%, of the total air flow feeds the distillation columns of the unit in gaseous form, possibly after having been expanded from one of the pressures previously mentioned in an expansion turbine. .
• Liquid is withdrawn from the distillation columns, pressurized by means of a pump to the required pressure, vaporized by heat exchange, in particular during step 4), and then reheated for use as a gaseous product.
• Compression of the flow under pressure from the cryogenic temperature as described below is done in a booster coupled to an expansion turbine A gas enriched with nitrogen from the medium pressure column is expanded in a turbine to achieve this compression.
• the power delivered by the turbine differs significantly from the power required by the cryogenic compressor, so that a system of supply (respectively extraction) complementary power (respectively surplus) is integrated between the turbine and the booster, or directly on the common shaft of the turbine / booster, either via a multiplier
• the P2 flow rates generated are re-mixed in the exchanger of the air separation unit to form a single flow rate at the pressure P2.
• Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the heat exchange portion of a cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus.
• Figures 3 and 4 show ways of disposing a cold booster and a turbine.
• the figures do not show the air separation apparatus which comprises at least one double column comprising a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, the head of the medium pressure column being thermally connected with the column vessel. low pressure. Air is sent to the medium pressure column and possibly to the low pressure column. Oxygen and nitrogen enriched reflux liquids are sent from the medium pressure column to the low pressure column.
• An oxygen enriched liquid is withdrawn in the bottom of the low pressure column and vaporizes in the exchanger where the air cools.
• air 1 1 at a pressure P0 is purified.
• Part 15 of the feed air flow 1 1 is brought to a pressure P1, greater than at least 5 bars above the medium pressure column, by means of a compressor 1 whose suction temperature T0 is included between 0 and 50 ° C, preferably between 5 and 30 ° C.
• the gas is cooled in a cooler R2, typically by heat exchange with water, to generate a flow of air at the pressure P1 and the temperature T1 between 5 and 45 ° C, preferably between 15 and 25 ° C.
• Part of this stream undergoes an additional compression step in a compressor 2 from the temperature T1 and the pressure P1 to a pressure P2 greater than P1, then is cooled in a cooler R3, typically by heat exchange with water, up to the temperature T2.
• T2 and T1 differ by less than 10 ° C, typically less than 5 ° C.
• This cooled flow rate 19 is then introduced into a heat exchanger 9 of the air separation unit to undergo cooling to a temperature below -100 ° C.
• Another part 17 of this stream is introduced at the pressure P1 and at the temperature T1 into the exchanger 9, to undergo cooling to a temperature below -100 ° C. Then a fraction 21 of the portion 17 is compressed from this cryogenic temperature in a compressor 4 to a pressure P3 equal to P2. The flow thus compressed is returned to the exchanger E1 to be cooled to a temperature below -100 ° C.
• a portion 43 of the flow 19 and a portion 27 of the fraction 17, 23 are cooled to the cold end of the exchanger 9 where they are liquefied, then are sent after expansion in the valves V1, V2 in the double column.
• At least 50%, preferably at least 70%, of the total air flow 1 1 supplies the distillation columns of the unit as gaseous flow.
• Part of the air at pressure P1 is expanded in an expansion turbine 3.
• the expansion turbine has an inlet temperature lower than that of compressor 4.
• Liquid oxygen 29 is withdrawn from the low pressure column, pressurized by means of a pump 31 to the required pressure, vaporized by heat exchange in the exchanger 9, and then reheated to be used as a gaseous product.
• Medium pressure nitrogen 37 from the medium pressure column is heated in the exchanger 9, is expanded in the turbine 7 and is As flow 39 is mixed with the low pressure nitrogen 33 to form the flow 35.
• the flow 35 is heated in the exchanger 9.
• the air cools in the exchanger at four different pressures.
• the air at the pressure PO of 5.5 bar is divided in two, a part 13 cooling in the exchanger.
• the air 15 cools in the compressor 1 and at an intermediate level thereof is at a pressure P1 of between 20 and 25 bar and a temperature T1 of between 5 and 45 ° C, preferably between 15 and 25 ° C. vs.
• the air at this pressure and temperature is divided in two.
• Part 12 is sent to the second compressor 4 at pressure P1 between 20 and 25 bar and compressed at the highest pressure P3 between 50 and 60 bar.
• the remainder 13 of the air at P1 and T1 is returned to the compressor 1 and compressed in the last stages of the compressor 1, cooled in the cooler R2 and then divided into two.
• Part 17 is sent to the exchanger 9 where it cools to an intermediate temperature. At this temperature, it is divided in two, a part 25 being sent to the turbine 3 and the rest of the air being liquefied and expanded in the valve V2. The remainder of the air leaving the cooler R2 is sent to the compressor 2.
• the cooled air from the compressor 2 is at a pressure P2 between 50 and 60 bar and a temperature T2. T2 and T1 differ by less than 10 ° C, typically less than 5 ° C.
• the air 21 is cold compressed and is mixed with the gas 19 from the compressor 2 at the pressure P2, between 50 and 60 bar.
• the air to be released is taken at another intermediate pressure, higher than that at which the air supplied to the second compressor is taken. This intermediate pressure is the output pressure of the first compressor 1, between P2 and P1.
• the second compressor 4 compressing the air 21 is coupled to a nitrogen turbine 7 that expands the flow 37 to produce the flow 39.
• the system may also include a complementary power supply or extraction system or excess K integrated between the turbine and the second compressor, directly on the common shaft of the turbine / second compressor. Otherwise, as shown in Figure 4, the system K can be connected to the compressor and to the turbine via a multiplier.

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• 2013
  • 2013-09-17 FR FR1358927A patent/FR3010778B1/fr active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-09-09 EP EP14796163.5A patent/EP3047221A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-09-09 CN CN201480049867.4A patent/CN105579801B/zh active Active
  • 2014-09-09 WO PCT/FR2014/052228 patent/WO2015040306A2/fr not_active Ceased
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