EP3047180B1 - Pinless piston with gallery - Google Patents
Pinless piston with gallery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3047180B1 EP3047180B1 EP14790800.8A EP14790800A EP3047180B1 EP 3047180 B1 EP3047180 B1 EP 3047180B1 EP 14790800 A EP14790800 A EP 14790800A EP 3047180 B1 EP3047180 B1 EP 3047180B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- connecting rod
- ball
- body portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—PistonsĀ
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/09—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers with means for guiding fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—PistonsĀ
- F02F3/16—PistonsĀ having cooling means
- F02F3/20—PistonsĀ having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
- F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
- F16J1/22—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections with universal joint, e.g. ball-joint
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—PistonsĀ
- F02F2003/0007—Monolithic pistons; One piece constructions; Casting of pistons
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates generally to internal combustion engines and more particularly to pistons and connecting members for internal combustion engines.
- It is known that internal combustion engines have piston and connecting rod assemblies requiring use of a wrist pin for operable connection of a small end of the connecting rod to the piston. In particular, piston constructions are known to include a piston body with a pair of pin bosses depending from a crown of the body to a pair of axially aligned pin bores spaced laterally from one another. To transmit rotational motion to linear motion of the piston, a large end of a connecting rod is attached to a crankshaft of the engine and a small end of the connecting rod is received between the pin bosses for operable attachment to the piston via a wrist pin. To facilitate reducing friction between the wrist pin and the pin bores, it is known to insert journal bearings within the pin bores. Although these piston and connecting rod assemblies are widely accepted and useful, continual efforts are made to attain certain goals, for example, to reduce weight, to improve manufacturing efficiencies and to reduce component costs.
Pistons are known that eliminate the need for a wrist pin connection between the connecting rod and the piston body. These piston constructions provide direct attachment of the piston body to the connecting rod. The piston has a boss depending from the crown of the piston body with a single bore formed in it with a cylindrical or spherical pocket. The connecting rod is constructed generally the same as in a conventional piston, with a shank extending to a small end. The small end, however, rather than providing a wrist pin bore, has an outer surface that extends laterally outwardly from sides of the shank to provide a cylindrical or spherical surface for receipt in the bore pocket.
WO 2011/001017 A1 relates to a piston which is provided with a bearing member having a curved bearing surface to be turnably engaged with an end part of the connecting rod provided with similar bearing surface. The bearing member has a ring-like shape with a cut-out at the side of the connecting rod. The end part of the connecting rod is arranged through the cut-out into the piston in a position, in which the end part of the connecting rod and the bearing member are essentially perpendicular with regard to each other. Then the connecting rod or the piston is moved further so that the end part of the connecting rod becomes in contact with the bearing member. Thereafter the end part of the connecting rod and the bearing member are arranged to their final position by means of relative turning movement between the connecting rod and the piston so that the mutual bearing surfaces are aligned and substantially correspond to each other.US 1,899,355 andEP 1 538 373 A1 are further prior art. - A piston constructed in accordance with the present invention, eliminates the need for a wrist pin, and provides further advancement in the attainment of the goals mentioned above, in addition to others that will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art of piston assemblies. It is also an object of the present invention to provide improved steel pistons which are relatively light in weight (i.e. have less mass) and which can be adequately cooled to prevent overheating.
- The invention is defined by the independent claims.
- A piston and connecting rod assembly includes a piston body extending along a central axis with an upper crown and a boss depending from the crown along the central axis. The boss has opposite sides extending along opposite sides of the central axis to a free end, as well as a pocket for receipt of the small end of a connecting rod. The boss further includes an opening extending through the free end into the pocket. The assembly further includes a connecting rod terminating at a small end with a ball-type shape configured for receipt in the pocket and with a shank extending to the other end configured for operable attachment to a crankshaft.
- The piston is made of a steel material which provides strength and durability, and which can withstand higher temperatures and pressures than non-steel pistons. The pistons are made in two parts, an upper crown portion and a lower boss or body portion. One or both parts can be made by a forging or equivalent manufacturing process. The upper crown portion contains all or a portion of the combustion bowl, and can contain one or more of the ring grooves on the side wall portion. The lower body portion contains the side walls and can contain one or more of the ring grooves.
- The two portions are permanently bonded together, such as by friction welding or induction welding. A cooling gallery is provided between the crown portion and body portion. Oil circulated into and through the cooling gallery maintains the upper crown portion and its rim from overheating.
- During assembly of the piston and connecting rod in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the ball end is inserted from the lower open end of the boss rotated 90Ā° from the operating position of the connecting rod. This allows the flat portion of the ball end to enter the pocket. The rod is then rotated 90Ā° to its operating position. A pair of C-clips are installed in place to prevent the piston from rotating relative to the rod.
- Another embodiment of the invention includes a connecting rod with a cylindrical member at the upper or small end, and a piston member with a cylindrically shaped socket. In this embodiment, the connecting rod is connected to the piston member by sliding the small end into the socket transverse to the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod.
- A piston and connecting rod assembly manufactured in accordance with the present invention, among other things that will be readily recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art of pistons, reduces the number of components in the piston assembly, reduces the compression height of the piston assembly, decreases the reciprocating mass of the piston assembly, and provides the piston assembly and associated components with a long and useful life.
- Other features and details of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention when viewed in accordance with the attached drawings and appended claims.
- These and other aspects, features and advantages of the invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIGURE 1 is a partial cut-away perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a piston and connecting rod in accordance with the present invention. -
FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention as shown inFigure 1 . -
FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention as shown inFigure 1 . -
FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown inFigure 3 , the cross-section being taken along line 4-4 inFigure 3 and in the direction of the arrows. -
FIGURE 5 is another perspective view of theFigure 1 exemplary embodiment of a piston and connecting rod in accordance with the present invention. -
FIGURES 6 ,7 and 8 depict an alternate embodiment of the present invention. - Referring to the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views, a piston and connecting
rod assembly 10 is shown. Thisassembly 10 is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and is not to be viewed as the only embodiment of the invention. The present invention is only to be limited by the scope of the claims as they eventually are issued in a patent, and not by any feature or details as shown in the drawings or as specifically described in the following description. - The
assembly 10 includes apiston 30 and a connectingrod 20. Thepiston 30 has a centralelongated axis 40. The connectingrod 20 also has a central elongated axis 50. The two axes are in alignment when the connecting rod is located perpendicular to the piston, as shown inFigure 3 . - In the drawings,
Figure 1 is a partial cut-away exemplary embodiment of theassembly 10. The depiction has a cut-away section in order to expose the connection of the piston and connecting rod in a clearer manner.Figures 2 and3 are cross-sections of the exemplary embodiment shown inFigure 1 , with the two cross-sections being taken 90Ā° to each other.Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 inFigure 3 and looking up toward the crown from the bottom of the piston.Figure 5 is a perspective view of theFigure 1 embodiment viewing theassembly 10 generally from the bottom of the piston. - The connecting
rod 20 is used to connect the piston to the crankshaft of the engine (not shown). The connecting rod has a large end (not shown) that attaches the rod to the crankshaft. The large end of the connecting rod is the same or similar to connecting rods well known today and does not need any further description here. - The upper or
small end 22 of the connectingrod 20 is shown inFigures 1-3 and5 . Thesmall end 22 is also called the "ball end" of a connecting rod. The ball end 22 has twoflat sides 24 and 26, and a spherical shapedportion 28 in-between the two flat sides. The connectingrod 20 also preferably has a narrow "neck-type"portion 29 between themain stem 21 of therod 20 and theball end 22. - The connecting
rod 20 is typically made of a steel or durable metal material and can be made from a machined, forged or powered metal process, all as known in the industry. - The
piston member 30 is made of two parts, an upper orcrown portion 32 and a lower orbody portion 34. The body portion is also called the skirt portion. Both portions are made of a steel material and preferably made by a forging process. The twoparts piston member 30. The two parts are preferably joined together by friction welding or induction welding. Thecurved tailings 36 shown inFigure 1-3 are typical of a friction welding process. - A cooling
gallery 60 is formed in thepiston member 30 when thecrown portion 32 andbody portion 34 are bonded together. Theupper portion 62 of the cooling gallery is formed in thecrown portion 32 and thelower portion 64 is formed in thebody portion 34. In the exemplary embodiment shown, thecombustion bowl 70 is also formed by twoportions piston parts - In addition, in the exemplary embodiment shown,
grooves portions - In order to effectively friction weld together the crown portion and lower portion mating
annular surfaces Figures 2 and3 . - Once the two portions are bonded together, the outer sidewall surface and combustion bowl surface are machined which removes the tailing residues which are formed from the bonding process. The
curved tailings 36 in thecooling gallery 60 are not removed. - In order to allow cooling oil to be introduced into the cooling gallery and to be drained from it,
openings Figure 4 .Opening 102 is an ingress opening and can have an oval shape as shown, particularly if the oil jet supplying the oil sprays the oil from an angle. - When the lower portion is formed, it preferably has two opposing
elongated boss members Figure 5 . The members add the structure and sidewalls needed to form thepiston 30 and are hollow principally to decrease the weight and mass of the piston. Thehollow boss members egress openings - Although two openings are shown in the cooling gallery to introduce and drain the oil, the precise number is not critical. The number, size and shape of the openings, also do not have to be the same for ingress and egress of the oil.
- The cooling
gallery 60 shown in the preferred embodiment is a "closed" oil gallery. It is also possible in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the invention, to provide an "open" gallery without a floor member. - A plurality of
slots 120 are provided in thepiston 30 in order to drain oil from the lowermost ring groove 81. These are depicted inFigures 4 and5 . - The socket 140 (also called "pocket") in the piston from the ball end 22 of the connecting
rod 20 is machined in thelower portion 34 of the piston and immediately below thecombustion bowl 70. As shown in the drawings, the pocket is spherically shaped in order to conform to thecurved surface 28 on the ball end. When thepiston assembly 10 is in use in an engine, the ball end pivots in the pocket during each stroke. - A pair of C-
clips rod 20 from separating form thepiston member 30. The C-clips are positioned ingrooves power portion 34. Other methods of securing and holding the connecting rod in the piston body could also be used. - When the
piston assembly 10 is assembled, the connectingrod 20 is longitudinally rotated 90Ā° from its operating position so that the ball end can be positioned in thepocket 140. Once the end of the ball end 22 is positioned in the pocket, therod 20 is rotated longitudinally 90Ā° to its operating position. This is shown inFigures 1-3 and5 . Thereafter, the C-clips 150 152 are installed in position to prevent any further relative longitudinal rotation of therod 20 relative to thepiston member 30. -
Figures 6-8 depict an alternate embodiment of the invention.Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view,Figure 7 is a view taken along lines 7-7 inFigure 6 and in the direction of the arrows, andFigure 8 is a view of the bottom of the piston. - The alternate piston embodiment is referred to by the numeral 200. The
piston 200 differs from thepiston embodiment 10 described above principally with respect to the size and structure of thecooling gallery 210. Other features of thepiston 200, including bonding two forged sections (crown portion 220 and lower body portion 230) together, providing apocket 240 for a ball-type end of a connecting rod, retaining the ball-type end in the piston by retaining members, are all the same as described above. - The
cooling gallery 210 extends substantially the full length (height) of theboss members bottom walls 240 of thecooling gallery 210 are located at the lower ends of theboss members crown portion 200 andcombustion bowl 250. -
Openings bottom walls 240 for ingress and egress of cooling oil into and from thecooling gallery 210. These are substantially the same asopenings Figures 1-5 . - The positions of the
lower walls 240 in theboss members cooling gallery 210 to reach a higher velocity before striking or making contact with the upper surfaces of the cooling gallery which can increase the cooling effect of the oil. - In addition, since the
lower walls 240 of the cooling gallery are positioned near the bottom of the skirt portion, the skirt will be stiffer. With a stiffer bottom of the skirt, the piston should rock less during operation. - Positioning the lower gallery wall at or near the bottom of the skirt portion also benefits machining the piston. It will allow better tolerances since the deflection of the bottom of the skirt is reduced.
- Another embodiment of the invention is indicated generally at 300. The assembly 300 includes a piston member 310 and a connecting rod 320.
- The piston member 310 is similar to the piston members described above with respect to how it is formed and the material from which it is made. The piston member 310 also has a cooling gallery 312 which is essentially the same as, and made in the same way as, the cooling galleries discussed and depicted above.
- The piston member 310 differs from the piston members discussed above relative to its socket 314 (or "pocket") and the manner in which the connecting rod 320 is connected to it. The socket has an opening which is cylindrically-shaped and matches the cylindrically-shaped ball 322 on the small end of the connecting rod 320.
- The connecting rod 320 has an elongated shaft member 324, only a portion of which is depicted, and a ball member 322 at its small end. The ball has a cylindrical shape.
- When the connecting rod 320 is assembled to the piston member 310, the ball member 322 is inserted into the socket 314 from the side, that is, in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod. The ball member 322 is only partially inserted into the socket.
- The lower ends 315, 316 of the socket hold the connecting rod in place in the longitudinal direction. The ends 315, 316 extend into the area formed by the neck 326 of the connecting rod.
- Preferably, the two sides 328 of the cylindrically-shaped ball 322 have one or more recesses or depressions 330. The recesses decrease the weight and mass of the connecting rod.
- Although the invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, it is to be also understood that it is not to be so limited since changes and modifications can be made therein which are within the full scope of this invention as detailed by the following claims.
Claims (17)
- A piston and connecting rod assembly comprising:a piston body (30) having an upper crown member (32,220) and a lower body portion (34,230), said upper crown member (32,220) and lower body portion (34,230) being integrally bonded together to form a one-piece piston body (30);said piston body having a cooling gallery (60,210) formed between said upper crown member (32,220) and said lower body portion (34,230);said lower body portion (34,230) having a piston boss (110,120) said boss including a pocket (140) for receipt of a connecting rod (20) and grooves (151, 153);a connecting rod (20) having a ball-type end (22), said ball-type end (22) being positioned in said pocket (140),further comprising fastener members for securing said ball-type end (22) of said connecting rod (20) in said pocket and preventing rotation of said piston body around a longitudinal axis of said connecting rod (20),characterised in that said fastener members comprise C-clips (150,152) and are positioned in the grooves (151,153) in said boss (110,120).
- The piston and connecting rod assembly as described in claim 1 wherein said cooling gallery (60) comprises a closed gallery.
- The piston and connecting rod assembly as described in claim 2 further comprising a plurality of openings (100, 102) in said cooling gallery for ingress and egress of oil.
- The piston and connecting rod assembly as described in claim 1 wherein said ball-type end (22) of said connecting rod has two opposed planar surfaces (26) and a first curved surface (28) therebetween.
- The piston and connecting rod assembly as described in claim 4 wherein said pocket in said boss has a second curved surface corresponding in shape to said first curved surface (28).
- The piston and connecting rod assembly as described in claim 1 wherein said ball-type end (22) has a width substantially equal to the width of said pocket (140).
- The piston and connecting rod assembly as described in claim 1 wherein said ball-type end has a pair of planar surfaces and is adapted to be positioned initially in said pocket 90Ā° from a final operating position.
- The piston and connecting rod as described in claim 1 further comprising a plurality of piston ring grooves (80,81,82) in said piston body.
- The piston and connecting rod as described in claim 8 wherein at least one of said piston ring grooves (80) are located in said crown member.
- The piston and connecting rod as described in claim 1 wherein said ball-type end is cylindrically shaped.
- The piston and connecting rod as described in claim 10 wherein said ball-type end (22) has two substantially planar side surfaces, and a curved, cylindrically shaped peripheral outer surface.
- The piston and connecting rod as described in claim 11 further comprising at least one recess in at least one of said two side surfaces.
- The piston and connecting rod as described in claim 11 further comprising at least one recess in each of said side surfaces.
- A piston comprising:a piston body having an upper crown member (32) and a lower body portion (230), said upper crown member (32) and lower body portion (230) being integrally bonded together to form a one-piece piston body;said piston body having a cooling gallery (60) formed between said upper crown member (32) and said lower body portion (230); andsaid lower body portion (230) having a piston boss, said boss including a pocket (140) for receipt of a connecting rod,further comprising a pair of grooves (151, 153) adjacent said pocket, characterised in that said grooves (151, 153) are adapted to receive C-clip fasteners (152) for securing a connection rod in place and preventing rotation of said connection rod about a longitudinal axis of the piston.
- The piston as described in claim 14 wherein said cooling gallery (60) comprises a closed gallery.
- The piston as described in claim 15 further comprising a plurality of openings (100, 102) in said cooling gallery for ingress and egress of oil.
- The piston as described in claim 14 wherein said pocket (140) is cylindrically-shaped.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201361878507P | 2013-09-16 | 2013-09-16 | |
PCT/US2014/055813 WO2015039080A1 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2014-09-16 | Pinless piston with gallery |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3047180A1 EP3047180A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
EP3047180B1 true EP3047180B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
Family
ID=56132518
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14790800.8A Not-in-force EP3047180B1 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2014-09-16 | Pinless piston with gallery |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3047180B1 (en) |
-
2014
- 2014-09-16 EP EP14790800.8A patent/EP3047180B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3047180A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
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