EP3045567A1 - Method and plant for the production and pickling of aluminum bars - Google Patents
Method and plant for the production and pickling of aluminum bars Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3045567A1 EP3045567A1 EP16151146.4A EP16151146A EP3045567A1 EP 3045567 A1 EP3045567 A1 EP 3045567A1 EP 16151146 A EP16151146 A EP 16151146A EP 3045567 A1 EP3045567 A1 EP 3045567A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bar
- pickling
- solution
- plant
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/12—Light metals
- C23G1/125—Light metals aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
- B21C35/023—Work treatment directly following extrusion, e.g. further deformation or surface treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/021—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously by dipping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/023—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously by spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/027—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/027—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating
- C23G3/028—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating for thermal or mechanical pretreatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the production of aluminium or aluminium alloy bars and a plant for performing said method.
- the bar is then hardened, directly in a tank after the press or after transit through a solubilisation furnace and, after various specific processing, is sometimes aged. Lastly transit in the pickling tanks is performed to remove the surface oxides.
- the pickling takes place in subsequent stages: for example, a first stage of washing with soda is followed by rinsing in water, then further washing in acid and further rinsing in water.
- the pickling process has numerous drawbacks.
- the pickling mediums usually soda and / or potash
- the pickling mediums are dangerous to humans, harmful to health and the environment and must therefore be handled by staff using appropriate precautions and disposed of as special waste, generating significant costs.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the production of aluminium or aluminium alloy bars and a relative plant able to overcome the drawbacks referred to above.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a plant adopting a method according to the present invention, according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of a further plant adopting a method according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of yet a further plant adopting a method according to yet a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of a further plant adopting a method according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 and 6 show photographs of a portion of bar, respectively before and after a pickling treatment according to the invention.
- a plant 1 comprises a heating furnace 2 fed with a semi-finished starting product 4a, for example a billet, made of aluminium or aluminium alloy.
- the heating furnace is suitable to heat the semi-finished product 4a up to a predefined temperature, generally comprised between 200 - 650°C; a heated billet 4b comes out of the furnace 2.
- the plant 1 further comprises a press 6, downstream of the heating furnace 2, suitable to receive the heated billet 4a in input and to perform on this a plastic deformation processing, typically an extrusion, thus obtaining a extruded bar, hot enough to be able to receive the thermal hardening treatment.
- a press 6 downstream of the heating furnace 2, suitable to receive the heated billet 4a in input and to perform on this a plastic deformation processing, typically an extrusion, thus obtaining a extruded bar, hot enough to be able to receive the thermal hardening treatment.
- the plant 1 further comprises a main tank 8, downstream of the press 6, and movement means 10, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the extruded bar from the press 6 inside the main tank 8.
- movement means 10 for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the extruded bar from the press 6 inside the main tank 8.
- the main tank 8 contains a solution able to perform both the hardening of the bar and the pickling (or mere cleaning) of the same, freeing it, completely or in part, of the surface oxides.
- the plant comprises a closed circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the recirculation and topping up of the solution.
- the system comprises an open circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the drainage of the solution outside the plant, for example in a purifier.
- the plant 1 further comprises further movement means 12, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the hardened and pickled bar 4c outside the main tank 8, towards the processing units 14 of the plant 1 for the performance of additional processing, such as drawing and/or cutting to size.
- further movement means 12 for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the hardened and pickled bar 4c outside the main tank 8, towards the processing units 14 of the plant 1 for the performance of additional processing, such as drawing and/or cutting to size.
- the plant 1 further comprises an ageing furnace 16, downstream of the processing units 14 or directly downstream of the main tank 8, in which the bar undergoes an ageing process at temperature for a varying period of time.
- said ageing process provides for a period in the furnace of the bar at 120° C for 24 hours or at 170° for 12 hours.
- the bars 4d are generally transferred to a warehouse for storage.
- a plant 100 comprises a heating furnace 102 supplied with the semi-finished starting product 4a; the heating furnace 102 is suitable to heat the semi-finished product 4a up to a predefined temperature, generally comprised between 200-650°C; a heated billet 4b comes out of the furnace 102.
- the plant 100 further comprises a press 106, downstream of the heating furnace 102, suitable to receive in input the heated billet 4b and to obtain the extruded bar 4e.
- the plant 100 further comprises a solubilisation furnace 105, downstream of the press 106, suitable to heat the extruded bar 4e to a predetermined temperature, for example between 350 ° - 600 ° C on the surface of the bar 4e.
- the plant 100 comprises a main tank 108, downstream of the press 106 and the solubilisation furnace 105, and movement means 110, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the solubilised bar 4f from the solubilisation furnace 105 inside the main tank 108.
- movement means 110 for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the solubilised bar 4f from the solubilisation furnace 105 inside the main tank 108.
- the main tank 108 contains the solution able to perform both the hardening of the bar and the pickling of the same, freeing it, completely or in part, of the surface oxides.
- the plant comprises a closed circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the recirculation and topping up of the solution.
- the system comprises an open circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the drainage of the solution outside the plant, for example in a purifier.
- the plant 100 further comprises processing units 114 for the performance of additional processing, such as drawing and/or cutting to size, and/or an ageing furnace 116, downstream of the processing units 114 or directly downstream of the main tank 108, in which the bar undergoes an ageing process at temperature for a varying period of time.
- additional processing such as drawing and/or cutting to size
- an ageing furnace 116 downstream of the processing units 114 or directly downstream of the main tank 108, in which the bar undergoes an ageing process at temperature for a varying period of time.
- said ageing process provides for a period in the furnace of the bar at 120° C for 24 hours or at 170° for 12 hours.
- both the hardening and the pickling (or simple cleaning) of the bar takes place, preferably simultaneously, through the use of a suitable solution.
- a plant 200 comprises a heating furnace 202 supplied with the semi-finished starting product 4a, which the heated billet 4b comes out of, a press 206, downstream of the heating furnace 202, suitable to receive in input the heated billet 4b and to obtain the extruded bar 4e and a hardening tank 209, downstream of the press 206.
- the hardening tank 209 contains hardening solution able to carry out the hardening of the extruded bar, obtaining a hardened bar 4g.
- said hardened 4g bar is subjected to a pickling treatment in a main tank 208 containing the solution able to perform the pickling, freeing the bar, completely or in part, of the surface oxides.
- Said pickling treatment is performed after heating the bar and / or heating the solution, so as to activate the chemical pickling process.
- the hardening process or hardening and pickling process take place by striking the bar with a jet of a solution.
- a plant 300 is provided with jet means 308, for example, structurally integrated with the press 6, together with the forming die of the bar.
- the jet means 308 are suitable to strike the formed bar in the press with a jet of a suitable solution to achieve the hardening and the simultaneous pickling and / or full or partial cleaning of the surface oxides from the bar.
- the appropriate solution for performing the simultaneous hardening and pickling or pickling only comprises water and a predefined amount of an organic acid.
- the organic acid is selected from the group comprising citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and combinations thereof.
- Solutions containing 1 - 100% of organic acid have proved suitable.
- solutions are used containing from 1% to 50% of organic acid, more preferably from 10% to 30% of organic acid, even more preferably from 5% to 10% of organic acid.
- Figure 5 is a photograph showing a cross-section of bar at 550°C before hardening and simultaneous pickling
- Figure 6 is a photograph which shows the same portion of bar as Figure 5 , after hardening and contemporary pickling in a solution of water and citric acid, at a concentration of between 10% and 30%.
- the bar before hardening and simultaneous pickling and the relative solution contained in the main tank 8, 108 ( Figures 1 and 2 ) or sprayed by the jet means 308 ( Figure 4 ), constitute a plant, the thermodynamic state of which allows activation of the pickling, since it has the energy needed to activate the chemical process.
- the solution is "cold", i.e. kept at ambient temperature, while the bar is "hot”, i.e. is at a sufficiently high temperature so that when immersed in the solution it activates the pickling action of the latter.
- the bar before pickling alone and the relative solution contained in the main tank 208 constitute a plant, the thermodynamic state of which allows activation of the pickling, since it has the energy needed to activate the chemical process.
- the solution is "cold", i.e. kept at ambient temperature, while the bar is "hot”, i.e. is brought to a sufficiently high temperature so that when immersed in the solution it activates the pickling action of the latter; or the solution is "hot", i.e. kept at a predefined temperature higher the ambient temperature, and the bar is "cold.”
- both the bar and the solution are sufficiently “hot”.
- the solution containing the organic acid does not have an environmental impact such as to be treated as special waste and disposed of accordingly and, at least within certain limits, is not particularly dangerous to man.
- the present invention permits a considerable energy saving, adequately exploiting the thermal energy possessed by the bar before hardening.
- the bar before hardening, the bar is at a sufficiently high temperature to be effectively hardened; at the same time, this thermal energy is used to activate the pickling action of the solution when the bar is immersed in it, or struck by it.
- the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce production times.
- the invention makes it possible to lengthen the life of the plant, as it has no components in contact with highly corrosive agents such as soda and / or potash.
- the treatment of pickling only off-line is performed after a possible solubilisation treatment and / or between any additional processing.
- the treatment of pickling only off-line is performed after a treatment of hardening only and / or between any additional processing.
- the jet means are used for hardening only and/or pickling only by means of the appropriate solution.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for the production of aluminium or aluminium alloy bars and a plant for performing said method.
- In the prior art, the production of such bars is by means of a system wherein a semi-finished product, such as a billet, is heated in a furnace and then extruded into a press to obtain the bar with a round or shaped cross-section, as needed.
- The bar is then hardened, directly in a tank after the press or after transit through a solubilisation furnace and, after various specific processing, is sometimes aged. Lastly transit in the pickling tanks is performed to remove the surface oxides.
- Usually the pickling takes place in subsequent stages: for example, a first stage of washing with soda is followed by rinsing in water, then further washing in acid and further rinsing in water.
- The pickling process has numerous drawbacks. In particular, the pickling mediums (usually soda and / or potash) are dangerous to humans, harmful to health and the environment and must therefore be handled by staff using appropriate precautions and disposed of as special waste, generating significant costs.
- The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the production of aluminium or aluminium alloy bars and a relative plant able to overcome the drawbacks referred to above.
- Such purpose is achieved by a method, a plant and the use thereof according to the appended claims.
- The characteristics and advantages of the method, plant and use thereof according to the present invention will be evident from the description given below, by way of a non-limiting example, according to the appended drawings, wherein:
- -
Figure 1 is a diagram of a plant adopting a method according to the present invention, according to a first embodiment of the invention; - -
Figure 2 is a diagram of a further plant adopting a method according to a further embodiment of the invention; - -
Figure 3 is a diagram of yet a further plant adopting a method according to yet a further embodiment of the invention; - -
Figure 4 is a diagram of a further plant adopting a method according to a further embodiment of the invention; - -
Figures 5 and 6 show photographs of a portion of bar, respectively before and after a pickling treatment according to the invention. - According to an embodiment of the present invention (in line pickling after hardening), with reference to
Figure 1 , a plant 1 comprises aheating furnace 2 fed with asemi-finished starting product 4a, for example a billet, made of aluminium or aluminium alloy. - The heating furnace is suitable to heat the
semi-finished product 4a up to a predefined temperature, generally comprised between 200 - 650°C; a heatedbillet 4b comes out of thefurnace 2. - The plant 1 further comprises a press 6, downstream of the
heating furnace 2, suitable to receive the heatedbillet 4a in input and to perform on this a plastic deformation processing, typically an extrusion, thus obtaining a extruded bar, hot enough to be able to receive the thermal hardening treatment. - The plant 1 further comprises a
main tank 8, downstream of the press 6, and movement means 10, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the extruded bar from the press 6 inside themain tank 8. - The
main tank 8 contains a solution able to perform both the hardening of the bar and the pickling (or mere cleaning) of the same, freeing it, completely or in part, of the surface oxides. - According to one embodiment, the plant comprises a closed circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the recirculation and topping up of the solution. According to a further embodiment, the system comprises an open circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the drainage of the solution outside the plant, for example in a purifier.
- The plant 1 further comprises further movement means 12, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the hardened and pickled bar 4c outside the
main tank 8, towards theprocessing units 14 of the plant 1 for the performance of additional processing, such as drawing and/or cutting to size. - According to a further embodiment, the plant 1 further comprises an ageing
furnace 16, downstream of theprocessing units 14 or directly downstream of themain tank 8, in which the bar undergoes an ageing process at temperature for a varying period of time. For example, said ageing process provides for a period in the furnace of the bar at 120° C for 24 hours or at 170° for 12 hours. - When the ageing is completed, the
bars 4d are generally transferred to a warehouse for storage. - According to a further embodiment of the invention (in line pickling after solubilisation), with reference to
Figure 2 , aplant 100 comprises aheating furnace 102 supplied with thesemi-finished starting product 4a; theheating furnace 102 is suitable to heat thesemi-finished product 4a up to a predefined temperature, generally comprised between 200-650°C; a heatedbillet 4b comes out of thefurnace 102. - The
plant 100 further comprises apress 106, downstream of theheating furnace 102, suitable to receive in input the heatedbillet 4b and to obtain theextruded bar 4e. - The
plant 100 further comprises asolubilisation furnace 105, downstream of thepress 106, suitable to heat theextruded bar 4e to a predetermined temperature, for example between 350 ° - 600 ° C on the surface of thebar 4e. - Moreover, the
plant 100 comprises amain tank 108, downstream of thepress 106 and thesolubilisation furnace 105, and movement means 110, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move thesolubilised bar 4f from thesolubilisation furnace 105 inside themain tank 108. - The
main tank 108 contains the solution able to perform both the hardening of the bar and the pickling of the same, freeing it, completely or in part, of the surface oxides. - According to one embodiment, the plant comprises a closed circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the recirculation and topping up of the solution. According to a further embodiment, the system comprises an open circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the drainage of the solution outside the plant, for example in a purifier.
- According to a further embodiment, the
plant 100 further comprisesprocessing units 114 for the performance of additional processing, such as drawing and/or cutting to size, and/or an ageingfurnace 116, downstream of theprocessing units 114 or directly downstream of themain tank 108, in which the bar undergoes an ageing process at temperature for a varying period of time. For example, said ageing process provides for a period in the furnace of the bar at 120° C for 24 hours or at 170° for 12 hours. - According to an aspect of the invention, in the
main tank - According to a further embodiment of the invention (off line pickling), according to
figure 3 , aplant 200 comprises aheating furnace 202 supplied with thesemi-finished starting product 4a, which the heatedbillet 4b comes out of, apress 206, downstream of theheating furnace 202, suitable to receive in input the heatedbillet 4b and to obtain theextruded bar 4e and a hardeningtank 209, downstream of thepress 206. - The hardening
tank 209 contains hardening solution able to carry out the hardening of the extruded bar, obtaining a hardened bar 4g. - Off-line, for example after the performance of any additional processing, and a storage period of the hardened bar 4g, said hardened 4g bar is subjected to a pickling treatment in a
main tank 208 containing the solution able to perform the pickling, freeing the bar, completely or in part, of the surface oxides. Said pickling treatment is performed after heating the bar and / or heating the solution, so as to activate the chemical pickling process. - According to a further embodiment of the invention, the hardening process or hardening and pickling process take place by striking the bar with a jet of a solution.
- For example, according to
Figure 4 , aplant 300 is provided with jet means 308, for example, structurally integrated with the press 6, together with the forming die of the bar. - The jet means 308 are suitable to strike the formed bar in the press with a jet of a suitable solution to achieve the hardening and the simultaneous pickling and / or full or partial cleaning of the surface oxides from the bar.
- The appropriate solution for performing the simultaneous hardening and pickling or pickling only comprises water and a predefined amount of an organic acid. Preferably, the organic acid is selected from the group comprising citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and combinations thereof.
- Solutions containing 1 - 100% of organic acid have proved suitable. Preferably, solutions are used containing from 1% to 50% of organic acid, more preferably from 10% to 30% of organic acid, even more preferably from 5% to 10% of organic acid.
- By way of example,
Figure 5 is a photograph showing a cross-section of bar at 550°C before hardening and simultaneous pickling, whileFigure 6 is a photograph which shows the same portion of bar asFigure 5 , after hardening and contemporary pickling in a solution of water and citric acid, at a concentration of between 10% and 30%. - The bar before hardening and simultaneous pickling and the relative solution contained in the
main tank 8, 108 (Figures 1 and2 ) or sprayed by the jet means 308 (Figure 4 ), constitute a plant, the thermodynamic state of which allows activation of the pickling, since it has the energy needed to activate the chemical process. - For example, immediately before the hardening and pickling treatment, the solution is "cold", i.e. kept at ambient temperature, while the bar is "hot", i.e. is at a sufficiently high temperature so that when immersed in the solution it activates the pickling action of the latter.
- Similarly, the bar before pickling alone and the relative solution contained in the main tank 208 (
Figure 3 ) constitute a plant, the thermodynamic state of which allows activation of the pickling, since it has the energy needed to activate the chemical process. - For example, immediately before the pickling treatment, the solution is "cold", i.e. kept at ambient temperature, while the bar is "hot", i.e. is brought to a sufficiently high temperature so that when immersed in the solution it activates the pickling action of the latter; or the solution is "hot", i.e. kept at a predefined temperature higher the ambient temperature, and the bar is "cold."
- In further embodiments, both the bar and the solution are sufficiently "hot".
- Innovatively, the method, the plant and use thereof according to the present invention make it possible to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
- In particular, advantageously, the solution containing the organic acid does not have an environmental impact such as to be treated as special waste and disposed of accordingly and, at least within certain limits, is not particularly dangerous to man.
- For example, in the case of a solution of water and citric acid or tartaric acid, this is practically harmless both for humans and for the environment (for example, the citric acid is contained in lemon juice, while the non-toxicity of tartaric acid is mentioned in some texts such as "Food Additive Toxicology" by Joseph A. Maga, Anthony T. Tu ISBN 0-8247-9245-9).
- According to a further advantageous aspect, the present invention permits a considerable energy saving, adequately exploiting the thermal energy possessed by the bar before hardening. In fact, before hardening, the bar is at a sufficiently high temperature to be effectively hardened; at the same time, this thermal energy is used to activate the pickling action of the solution when the bar is immersed in it, or struck by it.
- According to yet a further advantageous aspect, the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce production times.
- Moreover, advantageously, the invention makes it possible to lengthen the life of the plant, as it has no components in contact with highly corrosive agents such as soda and / or potash.
- It is clear that a person skilled in the art may make modifications to the method and plant described above so as to satisfy contingent requirements.
- For example, the treatment of pickling only off-line according to further embodiments of the invention, is performed after a possible solubilisation treatment and / or between any additional processing.
- According to further examples, the treatment of pickling only off-line, according to further embodiments of the invention, is performed after a treatment of hardening only and / or between any additional processing.
- According to yet further examples, the jet means are used for hardening only and/or pickling only by means of the appropriate solution.
- Such examples are also contained within the scope of protection defined by the following claims.
Claims (20)
- Method for the production of a bar of aluminium or aluminium alloy, wherein a pickling and/or cleaning treatment of a bar (4c) is carried out using a solution of water and organic acid, having reached a state of activation of the pickling process.
- Method according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid is selected from the group containing citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and combinations thereof.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pickling treatment is carried out during a hardening treatment of the bar.
- Method according to claim 3, wherein the bar, before the immersion in a hardening medium, undergoes a solubilisation treatment in a solubilisation furnace (105).
- Method according to claim 3, wherein the bar is hardened directly after machining by a press (6).
- Method according to any of the claims from 3 to 5, comprising an ageing treatment performed on the hardened and pickled bar.
- Method according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the pickling treatment is carried out by immersion in a main tank (8,108,208) containing the solution of water and organic acid.
- Method according to any of the claims from 1 to 6, wherein the pickling treatment takes place using jet means (308) which strike the bar with the solution of water and organic acid.
- Method according to any of the previous claims, wherein the pickling treatment takes place in a closed circuit for the recirculation of the solution.
- Method according to any of the claims from 1 to 8, wherein the pickling treatment takes place in an open circuit for the discharge of the solution.
- Plant (1,100,200) for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, comprising a main tank (8,108,208) containing a solution of water and organic acid to perform a pickling and / or cleaning treatment of surface oxides of a bar.
- Plant according to claim 11, wherein the main tank (8,108,208) is part of a closed circuit for the recirculation of the solution.
- Plant according to claim 11, wherein the main tank (8,108,208) is part of an open circuit for the discharge of the solution.
- Plant for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, comprising jet means (308) operating with a solution of water and organic acid suitable to strike a bar with said solution and perform a pickling and/or cleaning treatment of surface oxides of said bar.
- Plant according to claim 14, wherein said jet means (308) are integrated with a press (6) for the formation of the bar.
- Method for the production of a bar of aluminium or aluminium alloy, wherein a pickling and/or cleaning treatment of the surface oxides of a bar (4c) is carried out during a hardening treatment of said bar (4c), by immersion in a predefined solution and having reached a state of activation of the hardening and pickling process.
- Plant (1,100) for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, comprising a main tank (8,108) containing a solution suitable to perform a hardening and pickling and/or cleaning treatment of the surface oxides of a bar.
- Plant (300) for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, comprising jet means (308) operating with a solution of water and organic acid suitable to strike a bar with said solution and perform a hardening and pickling and/or cleaning treatment of the surface oxides of said bar.
- In a plant for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, use of a solution comprising water and an organic acid for the performance of a pickling and/or cleaning treatment of the surface oxides of the bar.
- In a plant for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, use of a solution comprising water and an organic acid for the performance of a hardening and simultaneous pickling and/or cleaning treatment of the surface oxides of the bar.
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