EP3043998A2 - Sensor having a variable light beam for optically detecting marks on a moving material web - Google Patents
Sensor having a variable light beam for optically detecting marks on a moving material webInfo
- Publication number
- EP3043998A2 EP3043998A2 EP14762038.9A EP14762038A EP3043998A2 EP 3043998 A2 EP3043998 A2 EP 3043998A2 EP 14762038 A EP14762038 A EP 14762038A EP 3043998 A2 EP3043998 A2 EP 3043998A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light receiver
- sensor according
- light spot
- intensity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/02—Arrangements of indicating devices, e.g. counters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0081—Devices for scanning register marks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
- B41P2213/00—Arrangements for actuating or driving printing presses; Auxiliary devices or processes
- B41P2213/90—Register control
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor for the optical detection of markings on a moving material web.
- Such a sensor is known, for example, from EP 1 050 843 A2 or from EP 2 278 361 A1.
- Sensors for the optical detection of markings on a moving material web are used, for example, in printing presses in order to measure and if necessary regulate the so-called registration accuracy between successive printing units.
- register accuracy is meant in the printing technique, the positional accuracy of a printed single layer with respect to a desired position.
- the respective color layers of several consecutively arranged inking units must be printed exactly one above the other, so that the finished printed image is created with the desired color impression. Otherwise, the finished printed image will appear blurry and inferior quality.
- register control For automatic correction of register deviations, a so-called register control is used in printing machines and in particular in gravure printing machines. For this purpose, the position of corresponding markings on the moving web of material in each printing unit - ie from the second printing unit - optically detected by sensors.
- a light beam is directed onto the web by a light source.
- a portion of the light backscattered from the web is returned via a lens to a light receiver capable of detecting the respective color changes as well as the respective mark edges on the web as a function of time.
- the time difference between the respective straight edge marks of two register marks of the same color is a measure of the longitudinal register while the time difference between the mark edges of a single register mark is a measure of the page register.
- a control command is calculated in a next step in a controller, which is fed to a corresponding register actuator motor.
- About the adjustment by the register motor is then shortened or extended in a managesreg the path between two printing units and moved in a page register the web path between two printing units to the appropriate side.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a sensor which can be used reliably without loss of the achievable accuracy for all possible combinations of printing inks and backgrounds. This object is achieved by a sensor according to claim 1.
- the sensor according to the invention for the optical detection of markings on a moving material web comprises a light source for generating a light spot on the moving material web, wherein the intensity of the light spot is controllable by a driver, a light receiver for receiving the light reflected by the light spot, a signal processing unit for evaluation the output signal of the light receiver, and a switching unit for switching between a teach mode in which the intensity of the light spot is changed by the driver, and a detection mode in which the intensity of the light spot is kept constant by the driver.
- the invention is based on the recognition that the increased variety of backgrounds and inks has an increase in the dynamic range of the light receiver result, which can not be reliably evaluated by the subsequent signal processing unit. With weak received signals, therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio is no longer sufficient for a reliable evaluation, while with strong received signals, the output signal of the light receiver goes into saturation and thus also unusable for a contrast comparison.
- a control amplifier for optimum level control can be connected between the light receiver and the signal processing unit.
- a control amplifier according to the invention is an amplifier with a variable, externally controllable gain factor.
- a controllable driver according to the invention is a power module with a variable, externally controllable power, which is supplied to the light source.
- the intensity of the light spot is preferably changed by the driver such that the output signal of the light receiver is in an optimal modulation range.
- the currently available clock rates of, for example, 500 kHz it is possible to perform this teach mode within a register mark.
- a clock frequency of 500 kHz would correspond to a clock period of 2 s.
- an average print mark has a length of 5 mm and the typical web speed is 600 m / min, then the light spot of the sensor passes a print mark within 500 seconds.
- 250 different clocks could be run through within a print mark in the teach mode in order to gradually change the intensity of the light spot and to set it to an optimum level.
- stepwise changes within the output signal of the light receiver should also be detected in the detection mode.
- the signal processing unit can detect whether the sensor is currently being operated in the teach mode or in the capture mode. Since the teach mode, as explained above, runs only for a short time period of a few seconds or within short distances of a few ⁇ , it is even possible for the signal processing unit to calculate back to certain signals which are actually to be detected during the teach mode. For this purpose, the signal processing unit can fall back on other system parameters, such as the travel sensors of the web cylinders or the web speed currently stored in the system.
- optimal level control and / or optimal intensity control is somewhat similar to the use of an audio compressor or audio expander in audio engineering, for example to limit or expand the dynamic range during audio recording at given technical limitations of the recording medium. But also, for example, for the targeted processing of individual sound components within a sound image audio compressors are used.
- the human vocal part of course, has a high degree of dynamic, which makes it difficult in unedited form to make the vocals come to the fore over the remaining tracks.
- these level fluctuations can be compensated, whereby a continuously high average level and thus a significantly improved signal presence is achieved.
- the audio input signal of an amplifier is amplified from a certain level with a lower amplification factor.
- the audio input signal of an amplifier below a certain level is amplified with a higher amplification factor.
- a compression of the dynamic range of the audio input signal is conceivable, in all cases a compression of the dynamic range of the audio input signal.
- an audio expander is used to increase the dynamic range. This means that quiet passages are amplified even quieter and loud passages are amplified even louder.
- the control amplifier according to the invention and / or the controllable driver according to the invention can be used both as a compressor and as an expander.
- the light receiver is mounted such that the directly reflected light of the light spot strikes the light receiver.
- the modulation range of the light receiver to matte surfaces of the moving material web
- the light receiver at reflecting surfaces of the current Material web extremely overdriven.
- you tune the control range of the light receiver on reflective surfaces then the signal disappears from matte surfaces in the noise.
- the light receiver is mounted such that the diffusely scattered light of the light spot strikes the light receiver. If you tune the control range of the light receiver in this case on matte surfaces of the moving web, then you get at the light receiver at reflective surfaces of the moving web - depending on the mounting angle of the light receiver - lower signal level, but possibly unlikely to color changes of matte surfaces is different. There is thus the case of too low a dynamic range, so that one will use the expansion method described above.
- both the directly reflected light and the diffusely scattered light are evaluated in two separate receiving channels and then the receiving channel is used in each case for the evaluation, which provides a more reliable signal.
- the signal processing unit feed-back signal for determining the optimal level control and / or for optimal intensity control is supplied.
- the output signal of the control amplifier is considered and, depending on the resulting envelope, the settings for the power of the controllable driver and for the amplification factor of the control amplifier in such a way be made that sets the desired modulation.
- This method is very simple to use, but has the disadvantage of a certain dead time, so that transients may be unrecognized at low contrast differences.
- the signal processing unit can be supplied with a feed-forward signal for determining the optimum level control and / or for optimum intensity control.
- the actual light receiver a further light receiver is connected upstream.
- the settings for the power of the controllable driver and for the gain of the control amplifier are made such that adjusts the desired level control on the downstream light receiver.
- it is important that edge-like contrast differences of markings on a moving web of material be reliably detected then it must be ensured that adjustments to the performance of the controllable driver and to the gain of the variable gain amplifier do not take place at the times in which the contrast differences are suspected.
- a plurality of light receivers are connected upstream of the actual light receiver so that several feed-forward signals are obtained in different stages, which result in an increase in accuracy from stage to stage.
- the dynamic range could be optimized according to the compression method and / or the expansion method, while in the second stage, the times can be set in which no adjustments can be made to the performance of the controllable driver and to the amplification factor, so that in the last stage all necessary parameters for optimum level control and / or optimal intensity control are present.
- the various feed-forward stages are not connected in series, but in parallel. A combined series and parallel connection of different feed-forward stages is conceivable.
- Control amplifier is located in an upper area. A change to a matte color of a mark then causes a strong drop in level, which can be reliably detected at the light receiver.
- the background of the moving web has a matte finish, whereas the marker is of a reflective color.
- a change to a reflective color of a mark then causes a strong increase in level, which can be reliably detected at the light receiver.
- the background of the moving web has a reflective surface and the mark itself is made of a reflective color.
- An overall view of the four described cases shows that markings on a moving web at the light receiver can cause both level increases and level drops.
- the time windows mentioned above can once again be used, within which changes to the Power of the controllable driver and are locked to the gain of the control amplifier. These time windows are determined by a feed forward stage provided for this, so that the actual sensor for detecting markings on a moving material web can use the following logic:
- the light source is a high-power LED (LED for light-emitting diode or light-emitting diode or else luminescent diode).
- High-power LEDs are already available for light levels in the range of 50 candela (unit of light intensity, symbol: cd) and for luminous fluxes of up to 100 lumen (unit of luminous flux, symbol: Im) with a diode current of a few hundred milliamperes.
- High-power LEDs are available as single LEDs with white light color and an almost uniform light spectrum in the visible range.
- multi-LEDs which can be multicolored. For example, 3 LED chips in the primary colors red, green and blue or even 4 LED chips in the primary colors red, green and blue and in white can be accommodated on an SMD carrier.
- the LED driver can be realized, for example, in the form of two superimposed pulse width modulations. With a pulse width modulation of the effective diode current - and thus the brightness of the diode - set, while the second pulse width modulation is responsible for clocking the respective LED. As is known from the field of optical waveguide transmission technology, clock rates in the range of 1 megahertz can be realized without problems with an LED.
- the clocking of an LED has the advantage, among other things, that in addition to a brightness value (LED on) a dark value (LED off) is available in each cycle. Behind the LED amplifier, the brightness value can then be subtracted from the dark value, so that disturbing influences can be eliminated.
- the light receiver is a color voltage converter.
- a color voltage converter can consist, for example, of 3 photodiodes, each of which is preceded by a color filter in the primary colors red, green and blue.
- the photocurrent is a measure of the incidence of light in the corresponding wavelength range.
- everyone Photodiode is then followed by a current-voltage converter, so that the output voltage is finally a measure of the incidence of light in the corresponding wavelength range.
- this voltage can now be followed by a control amplifier for optimum level control.
- a particularly preferred use of the sensor according to the invention is the use as a measuring element within a register regulator of a printing press. Further details and advantages of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In these show:
- FIG. 1 shows a sensor according to the invention according to a first embodiment
- Fig. 2 shows a sensor according to the invention after a second
- Fig. 3 shows a sensor according to the invention according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 4 shows a sensor according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment.
- Fig. 1 shows a sensor 101 according to the invention according to a first embodiment, which is arranged behind a printing unit 102 of a gravure printing machine.
- the printing cylinder 103 impression roller
- the forme cylinder 104 are shown schematically by the printing unit 102.
- the individual printing units of a gravure printing machine are arranged one behind the other, with the material web 105 passing through the individual printing units without interruption.
- the impression roller 103 is frictionally driven via the forme cylinder 103 in contact with the material web 105.
- the web of material can be charged electrostatically shortly before reaching the impression roller 103.
- Each printing unit prints a mark on the material web (also called register mark).
- a mark on the material web also called register mark.
- three markers - ie the mark 106, the mark 107 and the mark 108 - are shown. This means that the material web 105 has already passed through three printing units.
- the marking 106 originates from the first printing unit, the marking 107 from the second printing unit, and the marking 108 from the third printing unit.
- a high-power LED 109 with white light emission is provided as the light source.
- the LED 109 is powered by a controllable LED driver with power, the power via the control and evaluation is controllable.
- the light beam generated by the LED 109 leaves the sensor 101 via a semitransparent mirror 1 1 1 and a lens 1 12 and generates on the material web a light spot 1 13.
- the light of the light spot is 1 13 after a reflected back for the respective surface characteristic radiation pattern.
- a portion of this reflected light is detected by the lens 1 12 and is passed from the semi-transparent mirror on the light receiver 1 14.
- the light receiver 1 14 consists in principle of three photodiodes each with superior filters in the primary colors red, green and blue.
- the photocurrents of the three photodiodes are conducted via a current-voltage converter to a control amplifier 1 15.
- variable gain amplifier 15 Since three photocurrents must be amplified, the variable gain amplifier 15 is actually three separate amplifiers whose amplification factors can also be controlled separately via three separate level regulators. The outputs of the three amplifiers are also evaluated separately by the control and evaluation unit 16. In addition, the control and evaluation unit 1 16 also controls the level control separately. For the sake of simplicity, however, this entire assembly is referred to below as a variable gain amplifier 1 15 in the following. The output signal 1 17 of the control amplifier 1 15 of the control and evaluation unit 1 16 is supplied.
- the control and evaluation unit 1 16 again has three outputs, namely a first control output 1 18 for controlling the Amplification factor of the control amplifier 1 15, a second control output 1 19 for controlling the LED driver and a signal output 120, from which the sensor signal - ie the measurement result - via a fieldbus (eg Ethernet Powerlink) is passed to a higher register controller ,
- a fieldbus eg Ethernet Powerlink
- the control and evaluation unit 16 evaluates the level of the output signal 17 of the control amplifier 15. If the level is overdriven, the control and evaluation unit reduces the amplification factor of the control amplifier by 10 dB via the control output 1 18. If there is still an override after this reduction, then the gain of the control amplifier is reset to the previous value and then takes place via the control output 1 19, a reduction in the power of the LED driver 1 10 by 10 dB. This process is repeated until the output signal 1 17 is no longer overdriven. This output signal 1 17 is then optimally controlled via the control output 1 18 by appropriate adjustment of the gain of the control amplifier 1 15.
- the optimum level control and / or the optimal intensity control according to FIG. 1 thus takes place according to the feedback principle.
- the feedback principle has the disadvantage of inherent dead time. This disadvantage can be avoided in a construction according to the feed-forward principle, as shown in Fig. 2.
- FIG. 2 shows a sensor according to the invention according to a second embodiment.
- Fig. 2 shows a sensor according to the invention according to a second embodiment.
- the sensor according to FIG. 2 now consists of a feed-forward stage 201 and the actual measuring stage 203.
- the measuring stage 203 receives via the feed-forward line 202 a feed-forward signal which provides rough estimates of the Contains level information and the position information of the markers. This information is then used by the measuring stage 203 for optimum level control and / or for optimal intensity control.
- the sensor signal-that is, the measurement result- is then forwarded via a field bus (eg Ethernet Powerlink) to the higher-order register controller.
- a field bus eg Ethernet Powerlink
- the feed-forward stage 201 can thus only determine rough estimates of the level information and the position information of the markers due to the dead time, these estimation values are sufficient for the measuring stage 203 in order to obtain an optimum level control and / or a to ensure optimal intensity modulation.
- the further mode of operation of the feed-forward principle reference is otherwise made to the above description in the introduction to the description.
- FIG. 3 shows a sensor according to the invention according to a third embodiment.
- Fig. 3 shows a sensor according to the invention according to a third embodiment.
- the difference with respect to the sensor 101 according to FIG. 1 is that now the beam path of the light beam is such that the use of a semitransparent mirror can be dispensed with.
- This has the advantage that the losses caused by the semitransparent mirror can be avoided.
- the optical axis 302 of the light source and the optical axis 303 of the light receiver were tilted such that the angle of incidence of the optical axis 302 corresponds exactly to the angle of reflection of the optical axis 303.
- Fig. 4 shows a sensor according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment. In the following, only the fundamental differences to FIG. 3 will be explained. Incidentally, reference is made to the descriptions of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3.
- the difference with respect to the sensor 301 according to FIG. 3 is that the angle of incidence of the optical axis 402 no longer corresponds to the angle of reflection of the optical axis 403.
- direct reflections from the web are avoided. Rather, only that diffusely scattered light of the light spot is reflected back to the light receiver, so that the light receiver is less overridden at highly reflective surfaces of a web.
Landscapes
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201310015036 DE102013015036A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2013-09-12 | Sensor for optical detection of markings on a moving material web |
PCT/EP2014/069542 WO2015036565A2 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | Sensor for optically detecting marks on a moving material web |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3043998A2 true EP3043998A2 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
Family
ID=51535461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14762038.9A Withdrawn EP3043998A2 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | Sensor having a variable light beam for optically detecting marks on a moving material web |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3043998A2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105682928B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013015036A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015036565A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3305526B1 (en) * | 2016-10-06 | 2019-06-19 | Sick Ag | Printing mark sensor |
CN107441527B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2023-03-10 | 樊荣茂 | Automatic disinfection robot device for bed |
DE102018108956A1 (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2019-10-17 | Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating an optical sensor unit of an industrial truck and an optical sensor unit |
DE102019116067A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2020-12-17 | Sick Ag | OPTOELECTRONIC SENSOR SYSTEM FOR DETECTING OBJECTS IN A MONITORING AREA |
CN110802960B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-05-14 | 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 | Unit type flexible printing machine overprinting method, device, system and computer readable medium |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8428368D0 (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1984-12-19 | Zed Instr Ltd | Web registration measurement system |
DE3603544A1 (en) * | 1986-02-05 | 1987-08-06 | Sick Optik Elektronik Erwin | OPTICAL SCANNER |
DE4218063C2 (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1995-07-20 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries | Image scanning system for printed register marks |
DE19628303C2 (en) * | 1996-07-13 | 1998-05-07 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Method and device for recording spectral remissions |
DE19920311A1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2000-11-09 | Sick Ag | Luminescence switch |
US20040188644A1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-09-30 | Quad/Tech, Inc. | Method and apparatus for visually inspecting a substrate on a printing press |
DE102008024104A1 (en) * | 2008-05-17 | 2010-05-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | A material mark sensor and method for detecting a mark on or in a material |
DK2278361T3 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2014-04-22 | Sick Ag | Optoelectronic sensor |
-
2013
- 2013-09-12 DE DE201310015036 patent/DE102013015036A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-09-12 CN CN201480050135.7A patent/CN105682928B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-09-12 WO PCT/EP2014/069542 patent/WO2015036565A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-09-12 EP EP14762038.9A patent/EP3043998A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
None * |
See also references of WO2015036565A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105682928B (en) | 2020-04-21 |
WO2015036565A2 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
WO2015036565A3 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
CN105682928A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
DE102013015036A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
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