EP3037599A1

EP3037599A1 - Block and wall structure

Info

Publication number: EP3037599A1
Application number: EP14838283.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Kenji Takashima; Tetsurou SHINDOU; Shigetoshi SHIGENOBU; Shinichi Yokoyama; Shinji Nakata; Kazuyoshi Watabe; Toshiaki Sakuma
Original assignee: Asahi Kasei Homes Corp
Current assignee: Asahi Kasei Homes Corp
Priority date: 2013-08-21
Filing date: 2014-08-13
Publication date: 2016-06-29
Anticipated expiration: 2034-08-13
Also published as: WO2015025789A1; EP3037599B1; EP3037599A4; CN105473796A

Abstract

A block 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is reinforced by the reinforcing bars 17a to 17f and therefore functions as a structure member that bears structural resistance. The block 10 is formed into a solid made of autoclaved lightweight concrete having heat insulation properties as a main component and therefore functions as a heat insulation layer over the entire width of the block 10. The block 10 thus functions both as a structure member and as a heat insulation member per se. As a result, with the block 10, the strength and the heat insulation properties of the wall structure 1 formed by building up the blocks 10 can be ensured, and the wall configuration can be simplified.

Description

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a block and a masonry wall structure formed with the block.

Background Art

A block for use in a masonry construction is known, in which a pair of plate-shaped face shells are bonded by a plate-shaped web having a large depression at each of the upper and the lower ends thereof. The masonry wall structure is formed by building up such blocks, arranging longitudinal reinforcements and lateral reinforcements in the spaces above and below and to the right and left of the web, and filling the spaces with concrete.
In such a wall structure, an outer shell is formed with the built-up blocks and filled with concrete. Since the wall structure has a large space filled with concrete, the main performance of the wall structure is covered by the concrete. However, concrete has poor heat insulation properties, and the wall structure has almost no heat insulation properties per se. It is therefore difficult to apply this wall structure to, for example, an exterior wall serving as a partition between the outside and the inside of buildings. For example, Patent Literatures 1 and 2 below disclose a configuration for solving such a problem, in which a heat insulation layer is additionally provided on the outside of one of the face shells in the block configured as described above.
A masonry wall structure is known which is formed by building up blocks such as bricks. In order to make a beautiful finish in the construction of a brick-built wall structure, construction work is usually done by skilled workers. The reason for this is as follows. Mortar is generally used for bonding between blocks in the brick building-up work, which requires advanced skills including levelling each layer of bricks with a levelling line before mortar is hardened, removing the mortar squeezed out from between the bricks, and doing finishing work with a jointer. In the masonry structure of this type, the bricks are integrated mainly by the adhesive force of mortar. The masonry structure of this type, therefore, does not have sufficient strength of structure and lacks resistance against horizontal load. For this reason, at present, masonry wall structures have not been popular as a wall material for buildings in Japan and other countries where earthquakes frequently happen.
Patent Literature 3 below discloses a configuration of a masonry in which a plurality of block bodies longitudinally provided with a through hole are arranged so that the through holes may continue, and a plate-shaped horizontal reinforcing member which has an attaching hole at the same position as the through hole on a joining face between vertically adjacent block bodies and spreads over at least between right and left adjacent block bodies is arranged, and the block bodies are mutually tightened in one body by a tightening tool arranged in the through hole.

Citation List

Patent Literature

[Patent Literature 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H7-259215
[Patent Literature 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H1-235752
[Patent Literature 3] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H6-299621

Summary of Invention

Technical Problem

In the configuration of Patent Literatures 1 and 2 above, however, it is difficult to manufacture the blocks per se because the configuration of each block is complicated. In addition, the heat insulation layer may peel off from the blocks due to degradation over time or other reasons. The addition of the heat insulation layer on the outside of one of the face shells increases the thickness of the block per se and makes the block asymmetric on the front and the back thereby to complicate the fitting of the ends such as outside corners and inside corners. That is, when a wall structure is formed with such blocks, the wall configuration is complicated.
An object of a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a block with which the strength and the heat insulation properties of a wall structure can be ensured and a wall configuration can be simplified, and a masonry wall structure formed with the block.
The masonry wall structure disclosed in Patent Literature 3 above is configured such that joint mortar fills in between upper and lower blocks. With this configuration, if the wall structure is subjected to bending force in the out-of-plane direction around the tightening tools, the upper and the lower blocks on the inside in the out-of-plane direction come close to each other to press the joint mortar between the blocks, possibly causing cracks in the joint mortar or the block bodies. On the other hand, the upper and the lower blocks on the outside in the out-of-plane direction are pulled in the directions opposite to each other, possibly causing separation of the block bodies from the joint mortar between the blocks. As described above, the masonry wall structure disclosed in Patent Literature 3 above is weak (fragile) against bending in the out-of-plane direction.
An object of a second aspect of the present invention is to provide a masonry wall structure in which breakage due to bending in the out-of-plane direction can be suppressed.

Solution to Problem

A block according to a first aspect of the present invention is a block serving as a masonry unit of a masonry wall structure. The block includes one or more reinforcing bars and a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped autoclaved lightweight concrete formed into a solid and integrated with the one or more reinforcing bars.
The block is reinforced by the one or more reinforcing bars and thus functions as a structure member that bears structural resistance. The block is formed into a solid made of autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) having heat insulation properties as a main component and therefore functions as a heat insulation layer over the entire width of the block. The block thus functions both as a structure member and as a heat insulation member per se. As a result, with the block, the strength and the heat insulation properties of a masonry wall structure formed by building up the blocks can be ensured, and a simple wall configuration can be provided.
The block described above may have a front surface forming one side surface of the wall structure, a back surface forming the other side surface of the wall structure, a top surface provided between an upper end of the front surface and an upper end of the back surface, and a bottom surface provided between a lower end of the front surface and a lower end of the back surface. At four corners in a cross section of the block parallel to both of a thickness direction in which the front surface and the back surface are opposed to each other and a height direction in which the top surface and the bottom surface are opposed to each other, the reinforcing bars may extend in a longitudinal direction vertical to the thickness direction and the height direction.
In the block described above, at least four reinforcing bars are arranged separately at the four corners along the longitudinal direction of the block thereby to impart bending strength to the block. This configuration can suppress cracks or other damage to the block, for example, when the block is subjected to bending action.
In the block described above, at least one of the top surface and the bottom surface may have a groove at a center thereof in the thickness direction. The groove extends in the longitudinal direction. A depth of the groove may be included in a range of 1/20 to 1/5 of a height of the block.
In the block described above, when a plurality of blocks are built up above and below, the upper and the lower blocks have a space therebetween formed by the groove. This space is filled with a filler such as a grout material to strengthen the joint between the upper and the lower blocks. The depth of the groove is in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block and is relatively small in the block as a whole. On each of both sides in the thickness direction of the groove, a protrusion (rising portion) having a predetermined thickness is formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete. The protrusion functions as a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation properties of the block thus can be ensured.
The block described above may have a pair of header surfaces opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction. At least one of the pair of header surfaces may have a side groove at a center thereof in the thickness direction. The side groove is continuous to the groove and extends in the height direction. A depth of the side groove may be included in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block.
In the block described above, when a plurality of blocks are arranged to the right and left (in the longitudinal direction), the right and the left blocks have a space therebetween formed by the side groove. This space is filled with a filler such as a grout material to strengthen the joint between the right and the left blocks. The depth of the side groove is in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block and is relatively small in the block as a whole. On each of both sides in the thickness direction of the side groove, a protrusion (rising portion) having a predetermined thickness is formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete. The protrusion functions as a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation properties of the block thus can be ensured.
The block may have a hole passing through the top surface and the bottom surface of the block for inserting a shaft member. A diameter of the hole may be larger than a diameter of the shaft member and may be included in a range of 1/10 to 1/4 of a thickness of the block.
In the block described above, a filler such as a grout material fills in between the shaft member and the inner wall of the hole to improve the integrity of the block with the shaft member, thereby improving the strength of the wall structure. The hole is in the range of 1/10 to 1/4 of the thickness of the block and is a relatively small loss in the block as a whole. On each of both sides in the thickness direction of the hole, a portion that is solid and has a predetermined thickness (solid portion) is formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete. The solid portion functions as a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation properties of the block thus can be ensured.
A wall structure according to a first aspect of the present invention is a wall structure formed by building up a plurality of blocks in a top-bottom direction along a shaft member extending in a vertical direction. Each of the blocks includes one or more reinforcing bars and a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped autoclaved lightweight concrete formed into a solid and integrated with the one or more reinforcing bars. Each of the blocks has a front surface forming one side surface of the wall structure, a back surface forming the other side surface of the wall structure, a top surface provided between an upper end of the front surface and an upper end of the back surface, and a bottom surface provided between a lower end of the front surface and a lower end of the back surface. At least one of the top surface and the bottom surface has a groove at a center thereof in a thickness direction in which the front surface and the back surface are opposed to each other. The groove extends in a longitudinal direction vertical to the thickness direction and a height direction in which the top surface and the bottom surface are opposed to each other. A depth of the groove is included in a range of 1/20 to 1/5 of a height of the block. The groove is filled with a filler.
The wall structure described above is formed by building up the blocks each reinforced by one or more reinforcing bars and formed into a solid made of autoclaved lightweight concrete having heat insulation as a main component. The upper and the lower blocks that constitute the wall structure have a space therebetween formed by the groove in each block. This space is filled with a filler such as a grout material to strengthen the joint between the upper and the lower blocks. In this wall structure, therefore, the strength of wall structure and the heat insulation properties can be ensured, and the wall configuration can be simplified. The depth of the groove is in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block and is relatively small in the block as a whole. On each of both sides in the thickness direction of the groove, a protrusion (rising portion) having a predetermined thickness is formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete. The protrusion functions as a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation properties of the block, that is, the heat insulation properties of the wall structure thus can be ensured.
In the wall structure described above, each of the blocks may have a hole passing through the top surface and the bottom surface for inserting the shaft member. A diameter of the hole may be larger than a diameter of the shaft member and may be included in a range of 1/10 to 1/4 of a thickness of the block. A plurality of the blocks may be built up such that the holes are continuous between the adjacent upper and lower blocks, and the shaft member may be inserted through the hole.
In the wall structure described above, the shaft member is inserted into the hole, and the shaft member can enhance the strength against force exerted on the blocks in the horizontal direction. The strength of the wall structure is thus improved. The hole is in the range of 1/10 to 1/4 of the thickness of the block and is a relatively small loss in the block as a whole. On each of both sides in the thickness direction of the hole, a portion that is solid and has a predetermined thickness (solid portion) is formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete. The solid portion functions as a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation properties of the block, that is, the heat insulation properties of the wall structure thus can be ensured.
In the wall structure described above, a gap produced between an inner wall of the hole and the shaft member may be filled with a filler.
In the wall structure described above, a filler such as a grout material fills in between the shaft member and the circumferential wall of the hole thereby to improve the integrity of the block with the shaft member. This configuration can improve the strength of the wall structure.
In the wall structure described above, each of the blocks may have a pair of header surfaces opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction. At least one of the pair of header surfaces may have a side groove at a center thereof in the thickness direction. The side groove is continuous to the groove and extends in the height direction. A depth of the side groove may be included in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block. The side groove may be filled with a filler.
In the wall structure described above, when a plurality of blocks are arranged to the right and left, the right and the left blocks have a space therebetween formed by the side groove. This space is filled with a filler such as a grout material to strengthen the joint between the right and the left blocks. This configuration can improve the strength of the wall structure. The depth of the side groove is in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block and is relatively small in the block as a whole. On each of both sides in the thickness direction of the side groove, a protrusion (rising portion) having a predetermined thickness is formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete. The protrusion functions as a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation properties of the block, that is, the heat insulation properties of the wall structure thus can be ensured.
A wall structure according to a second aspect of the present invention is a masonry wall structure formed by building up a plurality of blocks in a top-bottom direction along a shaft member extending in a vertical direction. Each of the blocks is integrated with the shaft member along the shaft member and has a front surface forming one side surface of the wall structure, a back surface forming the other side surface of the wall structure, a top surface provided between an upper end of the front surface and an upper end of the back surface, and a bottom surface provided between a lower end of the front surface and a lower end of the back surface. At least one of the bottom surface of an upper-side block and the top surface of a lower-side block that overlap each other has a pair of cushion members having elasticity along a front surface-side edge and a back surface-side edge.
In the wall structure described above, the blocks are integrated with the shaft member along the shaft member (a state in which the shaft member is inserted through the blocks or a state in which the blocks extend along the shaft member), so that the wall structure can follow flexion of the shaft member. For example, when flexion of the shaft member causes bending deformation (out-of-plane deformation) of the wall structure in such a manner that the one side-surface side (the front surface side of the block) is warped, the cushion member provided along the front surface-side edge between the upper and the lower blocks is compressed, whereas the cushion member provided along the back surface-side edge between the upper and the lower blocks is expanded. Subsequently when the stress causing the bending deformation disappears, the cushion members are restored to the original state by elastic force. As described above, in the wall structure described above, a pair of cushion members provided between the upper and the lower blocks are compressed or expanded to follow bending in the out-of-plane direction of the wall structure thereby to suppress cracks or other damage to the block.
In the wall structure described above, the pair of cushion members may extend continuously along the front surface-side edge and the back surface-side edge.
In the wall structure described above, the cushion members capable of following the bending deformation of the wall structure extend continuously along the front surface-side edge and the back surface-side edge to suppress cracks or other damage to the block at any position between the upper and the lower blocks. The cushion members extending as described above can also enhance watertightness between the blocks.
In the wall structure described above, each of the blocks may have a pair of header surfaces joined with respective ends of the front surface, the back surface, the top surface, and the bottom surface. At least one of the pair of header surfaces may have a cushion member.
In the wall structure described above, the cushion member is also provided between the adjacent right and left blocks at the same height. The cushion members then can follow reduction or increase of the gaps between the upper and the lower blocks and between the right and the left blocks caused by the deformation of the entire wall structure, thereby suppressing cracks or other damage to the blocks.
In the wall structure described above, each of the blocks may have a pair of header surfaces joined with respective ends of the front surface, the back surface, the top surface, and the bottom surface. The cushion members may be provided to be continuous from one of the header surfaces to the other header surface through the top surface.
In the wall structure described above, the cushion members are provided to be continuous from one header surface to the other header surface through the top surface thereby to further enhance watertightness between the blocks. With the cushion members provided as described above, each block is surrounded with the cushion members all around the periphery thereof as viewed from the front surface (or the back surface). This configuration allows the wall structure to follow deformation not only in the out-of-plane direction but also in the in-plane direction and can suppress cracks or other damage to the blocks more effectively.
In the wall structure described above, a filler may fill in between the pair of cushion members.
In the wall structure described above, since two blocks opposed to each other in the top-bottom direction with the cushion members interposed therebetween are integrated by the filler, the strength of the entire wall structure is improved. The cushion members function as walls raised at the edge of the filler and therefore can prevent leakage of the filler.
In the wall structure described above, at least one of the top surface and the bottom surface of each block may have a groove. The groove may be filled with the filler.
In the wall structure described above, the groove can increase the amount of filler filled, thereby improving the joint strength between the upper and the lower blocks.
In the wall structure described above, at least one of the pair of header surfaces of the block may have a side groove continuous to the groove. The side groove may be filled with the filler.
In the wall structure described above, the side groove provided between two blocks arranged on the right and left is filled with the filler, thereby improving the joint strength between the right and the left blocks.
In the wall structure described above, each of the blocks may have a hole passing through the top surface and the bottom surface of the block for inserting the shaft member. A gap produced between an inner wall of the hole and the shaft member may be filled with the filler.
In the wall structure described above, the hole through which the shaft member is inserted is filled with the filler, so that not only the upper and the lower blocks but also all the blocks stacked are integrated through the filler. The strength of the wall structure thus can be further improved.
In the wall structure described above, the filler may be a grout material having a flow value of 20 cm or more.
In the wall structure described above, the region to be filled (groove, side groove, hole, and the like) is filled with the filler without a gap. The joint strength between the blocks therefore can be further improved.
In the wall structure described above, holding means for applying holding force is provided for a certain number of blocks built up in the top-bottom direction.
In the wall structure described above, the holding means applies holding force between the upper and the lower blocks to allow the cushion members to be elastically deformed, whereby the gap between the blocks can be adjusted. The height of a plurality of blocks built up can be adjusted by adjusting the force of holding a plurality of blocks by means of the holding means, whereby the height of the wall structure can also be adjusted.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the strength and the heat insulation properties of the wall structure can be ensured and the wall structure can be simplified. According to the second aspect of the present invention, breakage due to bending in the out-of-plane direction can be suppressed.

Brief Description of Drawings

[FIG 1] FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a wall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[FIG 2] FIG 2 shows a block according to an embodiment of the present invention, with dashed lines showing positions of reinforcing bars, in which FIG 2(a) is a plan view, FIG 2(b) is a bottom view, FIG 2(c) is a front view, and FIG 2(d) is a right side view.
[FIG. 3] FIG 3 is a perspective view of the block.
[FIG 4] FIG 4 is a plan view of the block.
[FIG. 5] FIG 5 is a bottom view of the block.
[FIG. 6] FIG 6 illustrates the block, in which FIG 6(a) is a front view and FIG 6(b) is a rear view.
[FIG 7] FIG 7 illustrates the block, in which FIG 7(a) is a left side view and FIG 7(b) is a right side view.
[FIG. 8] FIG 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 4.
[FIG. 9] FIG 9 is a plan view of the block illustrated with a cushion member.
[FIG. 10] FIG 10 is a bottom view of the block illustrated with the cushion member.
[FIG 11] FIG. 11 illustrates the block with the cushion member, in which FIG 11 (a) is a front view and FIG 11(b) is a rear view.
[FIG 12] FIG 12 illustrates the block with the cushion member, in which FIG 12(a) is a left side view and FIG 12(b) is a right side view.
[FIG 13] FIG 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIII-XIII shown in FIG 9.
[FIG 14] FIG 14 is a diagram illustrating a joint configuration between the upper and the lower blocks and between the right and the left blocks in the wall structure in FIG 1.
[FIG 15] FIG 15 illustrates a block according to a modification, with dashed lines showing positions of reinforcing bars, in which FIG 15(a) is a plan view, FIG 15(b) is bottom view, FIG 15(c) is a front view, and FIG 15(d) is a right side view.
[FIG 16] FIG 16 illustrates a block according to a modification, with dashed line showing positions of reinforcing bars, in which FIG 16(a) is a plan view, FIG 16(b) is a bottom view, FIG 16(c) is a front view, and FIG 16(d) is a right side view.

Description of Embodiments

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or corresponding parts in the figures are denoted with the same reference signs and an overlapping description will be omitted.
As shown in FIG 1, a wall structure 1 according to the present embodiment is a masonry wall structure formed such that a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped-shaped blocks 10 are built up along vertical reinforcing members (shaft members) 3 extending vertically on a riser 2a formed on the edge of foundations 2 of a reinforced concrete construction. Each block 10 is formed by, for example, filling an ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete) raw material, in particular, an autoclaved lightweight concrete raw material having a specific gravity in the range of 0.27 to 0.8 in an absolute dry state after form removal, into a form, and then aerating and curing the ALC raw material.
First, referring to FIG 2 to FIG 8, the blocks 10 serving as masonry units of the wall structure 1 will be described.
As shown in FIG 2 to FIG 8, the block 10 includes a plurality of reinforcing bars 17a to 17j and a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) formed into a solid and integrated with the reinforcing bars 17a to 17j. That is, the block 10 is structured such that a total of 20 reinforcing bars 17a to 17j are embedded in the rectangular parallelepiped-shaped autoclaved lightweight concrete. The block 10 is formed by, for example, filling an ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete) raw material, in particular, an autoclaved lightweight concrete raw material having a specific gravity in the range of 0.27 to 0.8 in an absolute dry state after form removal, into a block form containing a steel bar frame formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape with the reinforcing bars 17a to 17j, and then aerating and curing the ALC raw material.
The block 10 has a front surface 11 (see FIG 14) forming a side surface (one side surface) on the exterior side of the wall structure 1, a back surface 12 forming a side surface (the other side surface) on the interior side of the wall structure 1, a top surface 13 provided between the upper end of the front surface 11 and the upper end of the back surface 12, and a bottom surface 14 provided between the lower end of the front surface 11 and the lower end of the back surface 12. The block 10 also has a pair of header surfaces 15 and 16 connected (joined) with the respective ends of the front surface 11, the back surface 12, the top surface 13, and the bottom surface 14. The direction in which the front surface 11 and the back surface 12 of the block 10 are opposed to each other (the direction Z in FIG 3 and FIG 4) is defined as the thickness direction. The direction in which the top surface 13 and the bottom surface 14 of the block 10 are opposed to each other (the direction Y in FIG 3 and FIG 6(a)) is defined as the height direction. The direction vertical to the thickness direction and the height direction (the direction X in FIG 3, FIG. 4, and FIG 6(a)) is defined as the longitudinal direction.
As shown in FIG 2(a), FIG 2(b), and FIG 8, the block 10 has three holes 18, each having a circular cross section, at the center in the thickness direction of the top surface 13 of the block 10. The three holes 18 are arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction. Each hole 18 is provided so as to pass through from the top surface 13 to the bottom surface 14. Since the diameter d1 of the hole 18 is larger than the diameter of the vertical reinforcing member 3, a gap is produced between the inner wall of the hole 18 and the vertical reinforcing member 3 when the vertical reinforcing member 3 is inserted into the hole 18. In terms of ensuring the heat insulation properties of the block 10, specifically, in terms of relatively reducing a loss of the autoclaved lightweight concrete in the block as a whole, the diameter d1 of the hole 18 may be included in the range of 1/10 to 1/4 of the thickness of the block 10. The thickness of the block 10 refers to the distance between the front surface 11 and the back surface 12. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the block 10 is about 250 mm and the diameter d1 of the hole 18 is included in the aforementioned range, by way of example.
As shown in FIG 2(a) to FIG. 2(d), the reinforcing bars 17a to 17d extend in the longitudinal direction respectively at four corners in a cross section of the block 10 parallel to both the thickness direction and the height direction (vertical to the longitudinal direction). Specifically, the reinforcing bar 17a extends so as to pass through the vicinity of the corner at which the front surface 11 crosses the top surface 13. The reinforcing bar 17b extends so as to pass through the vicinity of the corner at which the back surface 12 crosses the top surface 13. The reinforcing bar 17c extends so as to pass through the vicinity of the corner at which the front surface 11 crosses the bottom surface 14. The reinforcing bar 17d extends so as to pass through the vicinity of the corner at which the back surface 12 crosses the bottom surface 14.
The six reinforcing bars 17e extend in the thickness direction so as to be in contact with the bottom surface 14 side of the reinforcing bar 17a and the bottom surface 14 side of the reinforcing bar 17b. The six reinforcing bars 17f extend in the thickness direction so as to be in contact with the bottom surface 14 side of the reinforcing bar 17a and the bottom surface 14 side of the reinforcing bar 17b. The reinforcing bars 17e and the reinforcing bars 17f are provided each at a predetermined distance from the holes 18 in the longitudinal direction.
The reinforcing bars 17g to 17j extend in the height direction. The reinforcing bar 17g is in contact with the back surface 12 side of the reinforcing bar 17a and the back surface 12 side of the reinforcing bar 17c. The reinforcing bar 17g is also in contact with the header surface 15 side of the reinforcing bar 17e that is closest to the header surface 15 among the four reinforcing bars 17e and with the header surface 15 side of the reinforcing bar 17f that is closest to the header surface 15 among the four reinforcing bars 17f. The reinforcing bar 17h is in contact with the back surface 12 side of the reinforcing bar 17a and the back surface 12 side of the reinforcing bar 17c. The reinforcing bar 17h is also in contact with the header surface 16 side of the reinforcing bar 17e that is closest to the header surface 16 among the four reinforcing bars 17e and with the header surface 16 side of the reinforcing bar 17f that is closest to the header surface 16 among the four reinforcing bars 17f. The reinforcing bar 17i is in contact with the front surface 11 side of the reinforcing bar 17b and the front surface 11 side of the reinforcing bar 17d. The reinforcing bar 17i is also in contact with the header surface 15 side of the reinforcing bar 17e that is closest to the header surface 15 among the four reinforcing bars 17e and with the header surface 15 side of the reinforcing bar 17f that is closest to the header surface 15 among the four reinforcing bars 17f. The reinforcing bar 17j is in contact with the front surface 11 side of the reinforcing bar 17b and the front surface 11 side of the reinforcing bar 17d. The reinforcing bar 17j is also in contact with the header surface 16 side of the reinforcing bar 17e that is closest to the header surface 16 among the four reinforcing bars 17e and with the header surface 16 side of the reinforcing bar 17f that is closest to the header surface 16 among the four reinforcing bars 17f.
As shown in FIG 2(b) and FIG 2(d), the bottom surface 14 of the block 10 has a groove 14b at the center thereof in the thickness direction. The groove 14b extends in the longitudinal direction. A protrusion 14a and a protrusion 14c each having a predetermined thickness are formed on the front surface 11 side and the back surface 12 side, respectively, of the groove 14b. The protrusion 14a and the protrusion 14c are formed in a shape that is relatively raised because of formation of the groove 14b. The depth d2 of the groove 14b may be included in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block 10 in terms of ensuring heat insulation properties. The height of the block 10 refers to the distance between the top surface 13 and the bottom surface 14 (the protrusion 14a or the protrusion 14c). In the present embodiment, the height of the block 10 is about 150 mm and the depth d2 of the groove 14b is 15 mm (about 1/10 of the height of the block 10), by way of example.
As shown in FIG. 7(a), the header surface 15 on the left side as viewed from the back surface 12 toward the front surface 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as "the left side") has a side groove 15b at the center thereof in the thickness direction. The side groove 15b is continuous to the groove 14b and extends in the height direction. A protrusion 15a and a protrusion 15c each having a predetermined thickness are formed on the front surface 11 side and the back surface 12 side, respectively, of the side groove 15b. The protrusion 15a and the protrusion 15c are formed in a shape that is relatively raised because of the formation of the side groove 15b.
As shown in FIG 7(b), the header surface 16 on the right side as viewed from the back surface 12 toward the front surface 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as "the right side") has a side groove 16b at the center thereof in the thickness direction. The side groove 16b is continuous to the groove 14b and extends in the height direction. A protrusion 16a and a protrusion 16c each having a predetermined thickness are formed on the front surface 11 side and the back surface 12 side, respectively, of the side groove 16b. The protrusion 16a and the protrusion 16c are formed in a shape that is relatively raised because of the formation of the side groove 16b.
The depth d3 of the side groove 15b and the side groove 16b may be included in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block 10 in terms of ensuring heat insulation properties. In the present embodiment, the depth d3 of the side groove 16b is 15 mm (about 1/10 of the height of the block 10), which is equal to the depth of the groove 14b, by way of example.
The wall structure 1 will now be described. As shown in FIG 1, the riser 2a has a width approximately equal to the thickness of the blocks 10 and extends linearly. The first layer of the wall structure 1 is formed by arranging a plurality of blocks 10 in a row on the top surface of the riser 2a so as to be continuous in the longitudinal direction. The second layer of the wall structure 1 is formed by arranging a plurality of blocks 10 in the same manner as in the first layer on a plurality of blocks 10 forming the first layer. The third and subsequent layers of the wall structure 1 are formed by arranging a plurality of blocks 10 in the horizontal direction and building up them in the vertical direction.
A plurality of blocks 10 are built up such that the holes 18 are continuous (matched in the horizontal position) between the adjacent upper and lower blocks 10 and 10. This configuration allows one vertical reinforcing member 3 to be inserted into a plurality of blocks 10. In the present embodiment, a plurality of blocks 10 are built up in a zigzag pattern (staggered pattern) such that the header surfaces 15 (or the header surfaces 16) are not matched in the horizontal position between the adjacent upper and lower blocks 10 and 10, that is, a straight joint is not produced, by way of example. This configuration increases the stability of the wall construction.
The vertical reinforcing members 3 are inserted into the holes 18 at intervals of two holes 18 in a plurality of blocks 10 arranged on the right and left. Each vertical reinforcing member 3 is thus inserted into at least one of the three holes 18 provided in each block 10, and each block 10 is supported by at least one vertical reinforcing member 3.
Horizontal reinforcing members 4, which are shaft members extending in the horizontal direction for reinforcing the wall structure 1, are arranged at intervals of five blocks. Each horizontal reinforcing member 4 is arranged so as to pass through the space formed between the adjacent upper and lower blocks 10 and 10, that is, the groove formed with the groove 14b of the upper block 10, and extend in the longitudinal direction of the block 10.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 to 14, a joint configuration between the adjacent upper and lower blocks 10 and 10 and a joint configuration between the right and the left blocks 10 and 10 adjacent side by side (in the longitudinal direction) in the wall structure 1 will be described in detail. FIG. 14(a) is a diagram illustrating the cross sectional shape vertical to the longitudinal direction of the block 10 and taken along the center axis of the hole 18 of the block 10. FIG 14(b) is a diagram illustrating the cross sectional shape vertical to the height direction of the block 10 and passing through the center in the height direction of the block 10.
As shown in FIG 14(a), on at least one of the bottom surface 14 of the upper-side block 10 (hereinafter referred to as "upper block 10") and the top surface 13 of the lower-side block 10 (hereinafter referred to as "lower block 10") that overlap each other, a pair of cushion members 6a and 6b are provided along front surface- side edges 13 a, 14d and back surface- side edges 13b, 14e (see FIG 9 and FIG. 10). The front surface-side edge 13a is the edge at which the front surface 11 crosses the top surface 13. The front surface-side edge 14d is the edge at which the front surface 11 crosses the bottom surface 14. The back surface-side edge 13b is the edge at which the back surface 12 crosses the top surface 13. The back surface-side edge 14e is the edge at which the back surface 12 crosses the bottom surface 14.
As shown in FIG 14(b), on at least one of the header surface 16 of the left-side block 10 (hereinafter referred to as "left block 10") and the header surface 15 of the right-side block 10 (hereinafter referred to as "right block 10") that are adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction, a pair of cushion members 6c and 6d are provided so as to be continuous with a pair of cushion members 6a and 6b. Pay attention to one of the blocks 10, and the cushion member 6 is provided so as to be continuous from one header surface 15 to the other header surface 16 through the top surface 13 (or the bottom surface 14).
The cushion members 6a to 6d have elasticity. As used herein, the term "elasticity" includes viscoelasticity. That is, the cushion members 6a to 6d have elasticity or viscoelasticity. The cushion members 6a to 6d are, for example, rubber, rubber tape, sealing material, EPTSEALER (registered trademark), or other materials. In the present embodiment, the cushion members 6a to 6d are paste-like sealing material provided on the block 10 by means of coating, by way of example.
During construction, for example, the cushion members 6a and 6b are applied so as to be continuous in the longitudinal direction along the front surface-side edge 13a and the back surface-side edge 13b, respectively, of the top surface 13 of the lower block 10 before the upper block 10 is laid on the top surface 13 of the lower block 10. The cushion members 6a and 6b may be applied so as to be continuous in the longitudinal direction along the front surface-side edge 14d and the back surface-side edge 14e, respectively, of the bottom surface 14 of the upper block 10. In the present embodiment, the cushion members 6a and 6b are applied (provided) so as to cover the entire region where the protrusions 14a and 14c of the upper block 10 overlap the top surface 13 of the lower block 10, by way of example. The cushion members 6a and 6b, however, do not necessarily have to cover the entire region, and the width of the cushion members 6a and 6b in the thickness direction may be set as desired.
During construction, for example, the cushion members 6c and 6d are applied on the protrusions 16a and 16c, respectively, of the header surface 16 of the left block 10 before the right block 10 is arranged to the right side of the header surface 16 of the left block 10. The cushion members 6c and 6d may be applied on the protrusions 15a and 15c, respectively, of the header surface 15 of the right block 10. In the present embodiment, the cushion members 6c and 6d are applied (provided) so as to cover the entire region where the protrusions 16a and 16c of the left block 10 overlap the protrusions 15a and 15c of the right block 10, by way of example. The cushion members 6c and 6d, however, do not necessarily have to cover the entire region, and the width in the thickness direction of the cushion members 6c and 6d may be set as desired.
For example, when the wall structure 1 is subjected to bending force in the out-of-plane direction and undergoes bending deformation (out-of-plane deformation), the cushion members 6a and 6b are deformed (expanded or compressed) in response to the bending deformation to serve the function of suppressing breakage of the wall structure 1 (blocks 10) due to bending. Specifically, for example, when the flexion of the vertical reinforcing member 3 causes bending deformation in such a manner that the exterior side (one) of the wall structure 1 is warped, the cushion member 6a provided along the front surface- side edges 13 a, 14d between the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10 is compressed, whereas the cushion member 6b provided along the back surface- side edges 13b, 14e between the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10 is expanded. Subsequently, when the stress causing the bending deformation disappears, the cushion members 6a and 6b are restored to the original state by elastic force. That is, a pair of cushion members 6a and 6b are compressed or expanded to follow the bending in the out-of-plane direction of the wall structure 1, thereby suppressing cracks or other damage to the blocks 10.
For example, when the wall structure 1 is subjected to bending force in the in-plane direction and undergoes bending deformation (in-plane deformation), the cushion members 6c and 6d are deformed (expanded or compressed) in response to the bending deformation to serve as the function of suppressing breakage of the wall structure 1 (blocks 10) due to bending. That is, the cushion members 6a and 6b as well as the cushion members 6c and 6d are provided to be able to follow reduction or increase of the gaps between the upper and the lower and left and right blocks 10 and 10 caused by deformation (out-of-plane deformation and in-plane deformation) of the entire wall structure 1, thereby suppressing cracks or other damage to the blocks 10.
The cushion members 6a to 6d also serve the function of preventing leakage of a grout material (filler) G described later for bonding the blocks 10 and 10 with each other. The cushion members 6a and 6c, which are on the front surface 11 side forming the exterior side of the wall structure 1, also serve the function of preventing, for example, rainwater intrusion from the outside.
Pay attention to a block 10 on which other blocks 10 are laid above and below and to the right and left. The cushion members 6a and 6c are provided so as to surround the four sides of the block 10 as viewed from the front surface 11 (see FIG 11(b)). The cushion members 6b and 6d are provided so as to surround the four sides of the block 10 as viewed from the back surface 12 (see FIG. 11 (a)). The wall structure 1 thus can follow deformation not only in the out-of-plane direction but also in the in-plane direction. In addition, the watertightness between the blocks 10 is enhanced.
A holding part 5 is holding means for connecting and supporting the vertical reinforcing members 3 and applying holding force in the top-bottom direction to a plurality of blocks 10. The holding part 5 includes a washer 5a, a nut 5b, and a high nut 5c. The washer 5a is, for example, disk-shaped support hardware having a diameter larger than the diameter of the hole 18 of the block 10. The washer 5a is provided at a position where it covers the hole 18 of the block 10 and abuts on the top surface 13 of the block 10. The nut 5b is provided at a position in abutment with the top surface of the washer 5a. The high nut 5c is a member taller than the nut 5b and provided on the upper side of the nut 5b.
The upper end and the lower end of the vertical reinforcing member 3 are each male-threaded. The lower end of the vertical reinforcing member 3 is screwed into the high nut 5c of the holding part 5 located below (hereinafter referred to as "lower holding part 5"). The upper end of the vertical reinforcing member 3 is screwed into the high nut 5c of the holding part 5 located above (hereinafter referred to as "the upper holding part 5") through the washer 5a and the nut 5b of the upper holding part 5.
For example, during construction, the vertical reinforcing member 3 is inserted from the hole 18 of the block 10 on the top of a plurality of stacked layers (in this case, four layers), and the lower end of the vertical reinforcing member 3 is screwed into the upper portion of the high nut 5c of the lower holding part 5. The washer 5a and the nut 5b of the upper holding part 5 are then put through the upper portion of the vertical reinforcing member 3 in this order. The nut 5b is then tightened, whereby force (holding force) for restraining horizontal displacement is applied to the block 10 located below the washer 5a, through the washer 5 a.
The upper end portion of the vertical reinforcing member 3 passing through the nut 5b of the upper holding part 5 and protruding above the nut 5b is screwed into the lower portion of the high nut 5c of the upper holding part 5. The next (immediately above) vertical reinforcing member 3 is screwed into the upper portion 5c of the high nut 5c of the upper holding part 5. That is, the vertical reinforcing member 3 on the lower side is coupled with the vertical reinforcing member 3 on the upper side through the high nut 5c.
As described above, the holding part 5 adjusts the holding force exerted between the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10 to allow the cushion members 6a and 6b to be elastically deformed (compressed or expanded), whereby the gap between the blocks 10 and 10 can be adjusted. The height of a plurality of blocks 10 built up can be adjusted by adjusting the force of holding a plurality of blocks 10 by means of the holding part 5, whereby the height of the wall structure 1 can also be adjusted.
As described above, a groove S1 is formed between the groove 14b of the upper block 10 and the top surface 13 of the lower block 10 by arranging plurality of blocks 10 to the right and left and building up them above and below. A side groove S2 is formed between the side groove 16b of the left block 10 and the side groove 15b of the right block 10. A gap S3 is formed between the hole 18 of the block 10 and the vertical reinforcing member 3. In the hole 18 into which the vertical reinforcing member 3 is not inserted, the entire space formed by the hole 18 corresponds to the gap S3.
The groove S1 (between a pair of cushion members 6a and 6b), the side groove S2 (between a pair of cushion members 6c and 6d), and the gap S3 form a continuous space. The groove S1, the side groove S2, and the gap S3 are then filled with a grout material G, for example, by injecting the grout material (filler) G from the gap S3 and the side groove S2 of the block 10 located on the top layer of the blocks 10 built up above and below and to the right and left. The upper and lower blocks 10, 10 and the right and the left blocks 10, 10 are joined (integrated) by the grout material G hardened after filling. Preferably, the groove S1, the side groove S2, and the gap S3 are filled with the grout material G without leaving a gap, if possible, in terms of the joint strength of the blocks 10. In order to do so, the flow value of the grout material G is preferably 20 cm or more, further preferably in the range of 20 cm or more and 50 cm or less. Examples of such grout material G include S-SAVER (registered trademark) H produced by NIPPON STEEL & SUMIKIN BLAST FURNACE SLAG CEMENT CO., LTD and Floor Leveler (registered trademark) G manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.
The block 10 according to the present embodiment as described above is reinforced by the reinforcing bars 17a to 17j and therefore functions as a structure member that bears structural resistance. The block 10 is formed into a solid made of autoclaved lightweight concrete having heat insulation properties as a main component and therefore functions as a heat insulation layer over the entire width of the block 10. The block 10 thus functions both as a structure member and as a heat insulation member per se. As a result, the strength and the heat insulation properties of the wall structure 1 formed by building up the blocks 10 can be ensured, and the wall configuration can be simplified.
Since the reinforcing bars 17a to 17d are arranged separately on the four corners along the longitudinal direction of the block 10, the block 10 has bending strength. This configuration can suppress cracks or other damage to the block 10, for example, when the block 10 is subjected to bending action.
When a plurality of blocks 10 are built up above and below, the groove S1 is formed between the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10, and the groove S1 is filled with a grout material G to strengthen the joint between the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10. Since the depth of the groove 14b is in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block 10, the loss of autoclaved lightweight concrete is relatively small in the block 10 as a whole. The protrusions 14a and 14c each having a predetermined thickness are formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete on both sides in the thickness direction of the groove 14b. The protrusions 14a and 14c function as heat insulation layers. The heat insulation properties of the block 10, that is, the heat insulation properties of the wall structure 1 thus can be ensured.
When a plurality of blocks 10 are arranged to the right and left (in the longitudinal direction), the side groove S2 is formed between the right and the left blocks 10 and 10, and the side groove S2 is filled with a grout material G to strengthen the joint between the right and the left blocks 10 and 10. Since the depth of the side grooves 15b, 16b is in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block 10, the loss of autoclaved lightweight concrete is relatively small in the block 10 as a whole. The protrusions 15a and 15c and the protrusions 16a and 16c each having a predetermined thickness are formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete on both sides in the thickness direction of the side groove 15b and the side groove 16b. The protrusions 15a and 15c and the protrusions 16a and 16c function as heat insulation layers. The heat insulation properties of the block 10, that is, the heat insulation properties of the wall structure 1 thus can be ensured.
The vertical reinforcing member 3 is inserted into the hole 18 of the block 10, and the vertical reinforcing member 3 can increase the strength against the force exerted on the block 10 in the horizontal direction. A grout material G fills in between the vertical reinforcing member 3 and the inner wall of the hole 18 (gap S3) to improve the integrity of the block 10 with the vertical reinforcing member 3, thereby improving the strength of the wall structure 1. Since the hole 18 is in the range of 1/10 to 1/4 of the thickness of the block 10, the loss of autoclaved lightweight concrete is relatively small in the block 10 as a whole. On each of both sides in the thickness direction of the hole 18, a portion that is solid and has a predetermined thickness (solid portion) is formed of autoclaved lightweight concrete, and the solid portion functions as a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation properties of the block 10, that is, the heat insulation properties of the wall structure 1 thus can be ensured.
In the wall structure 1, a pair of cushion members 6a and 6b between the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10 are compressed or expanded to follow the bending in the out-of-plane direction of the wall structure 1, thereby suppressing cracks or other damage to the blocks 10. In the wall structure 1, the cushion members 6a and 6b capable of following bending deformation of the wall structure 1 extend continuously along the front surface- side edges 13a and 14d and the back surface- side edges 13b and 14e, thereby suppressing cracks or other damage to the blocks 10 at any position between the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10. The cushion members 6a and 6b extending as described above can enhance watertightness between the blocks 10.
Two blocks 10 and 10 opposed to each other in the top-bottom direction with the cushion members 6a and 6b interposed therebetween are integrated by a grout material G, so that the strength of the wall structure 1 as a whole can be improved. The cushion members 6a and 6b also function as waterproof walls raised at the edge of the grout material G to prevent leakage of the grout material G The groove 14b can increase the amount of grout material G filled, thereby improving the joint strength between the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10. The side grooves 15b and 16b between the two blocks 10 and 10 arranged on the right and left are filled with the grout material G, thereby improving the joint strength between the right and the left blocks 10 and 10.
The hole 18 through which the vertical reinforcing member 3 is inserted is filled with the grout material G, so that not only the upper and the lower blocks 10 and 10 but also all the blocks 10 stacked are integrated through the grout material G The strength of the wall structure 1 thus can be further improved.
Since a grout material G having a flow value of 20 cm or more is used, the region to be filled (the groove S1, the side groove S2, and the gap S3) is filled with the grout material G without a gap. The joint strength between the blocks 10 thus can be further improved.
The present invention has been described above in details based on the embodiment. The present invention, however, is not intended to be limited to the foregoing embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the blocks 10 have been described as an example of the blocks that constitute the wall structure 1. In some cases, blocks having different sizes in the longitudinal direction may be used in combination, for example, at an end of the wall structure 1 in order to adjust the length in the horizontal direction of the wall structure 1. In such a case, a block having a size and a shape different from the block 10, for example, a block 20 shown in FIG 15 and a block 30 shown in FIG 16, may be used for some of the blocks that constitute the wall structure 1. The differences of the blocks 20, 30 from the block 10 will now be mainly described below. The common structure and elements are denoted with the same reference signs as in the block 10 and a description thereof will be omitted.
The block 20 mainly differs from the block 10 in that the dimension in the longitudinal direction is approximately 2/3 of the block 10, that a side groove is not formed on one header surface 25, and that the groove 24b in the bottom surface 24 is formed to extend from the header surface 16 but not reach the header surface 25. The block 20 can be used as a block, for example, located at an end of the wall structure. Specifically, the flat header surface 25 can serve as a surface exposed on the outside of the wall structure. In the block 20, since the groove 24b is formed so as not to reach the header surface 25, the protrusion 24a having a shape that is relatively raised because of the formation of the groove 24b is formed in a shape of the inverted letter C so as to surround the groove 24b.
The block 30 mainly differs from the block 10 in that the dimension in the longitudinal direction is approximately 1/3 of the block 10, that a side groove is not formed on one header surface 35, and that the groove 34b in the bottom surface 34 is formed to extend from the header surface 16 but not reach the header surface 35. The block 30 can be used as a block, for example, located at an end of the wall structure. Specifically, the flat header surface 35 can serve as a surface exposed on the outside of the wall structure. In the block 30, since the groove 34b is formed so as not to reach the header surface 35, the protrusion 34a having a shape that is relatively raised because of the formation of the groove 34b is formed in a shape of the inverted letter C so as to surround the groove 34b.
The block 10 according to the present embodiment and the blocks 20, 30 according to the modifications include the reinforcing bars 17e and 17f extending in the thickness direction and the reinforcing bars 17g to 17j extending in the height direction as described above. The reinforcing bars 17e to 17j, however, do not necessarily have to be included in terms of enhancing the bending strength of the block 10. The block 10 according to the present embodiment includes the reinforcing bars 17a to 17d extending in the longitudinal direction as described above. The block 10, however, does not necessarily have to include the reinforcing bars 17a to 17d, in terms of providing a masonry wall structure in which breakage due to bending in the out-of-plane direction can be suppressed.
In the present embodiment, the groove 14b is provided in the bottom surface 14 of the block 10. The groove, however, may be provided in the top surface 13. Alternatively, grooves may be provided in both of the top surface 13 and the bottom surface 14. This configuration is applicable to the blocks 20, 30 according to modifications.
In the present embodiment, the side grooves 15b and 16b are provided on both of the header surfaces 15 and 16 of the block 10. The side groove (the side groove 15b or the side groove 16b), however, may be provided only on one header surface (the header surface 15 or the header surface 16). Also in this configuration, a space is formed between the right and the left blocks to achieve the same effects as the block 10 according to the present embodiment.
The block 10 may have any size (the thickness, the height, the dimension in the longitudinal direction), and the number of holes 18 and the interval therebetween may be changed appropriately, for example, depending on the dimensions of the block. The number of holes 18 through which the vertical reinforcing members 3 are inserted (the interval at which the vertical reinforcing member 3 is inserted) may also be changed appropriately.
The vertical reinforcing member 3 does not necessarily have to be inserted through the hole 18 in the block 10. For example, the vertical reinforcing member may be disposed along the front surface 11 or the back surface 12 of the block 10. In this case, the block 10 need not have the hole 18. The configuration including the washer 5a, the nut 5b, and the high nut 5c is not always necessary in order to connect a plurality of vertical reinforcing members 3 above and below. For example, the high nut 5c may be replaced by any other member, or a member other than the washer 5a, the nut 5b, and the high nut 5c may be used for connection.

Reference Signs List

1 ... wall structure, 2 ... foundation, 3 ... vertical reinforcing member (shaft member), 4 ... horizontal reinforcing member, 5 ... holding part, 5a ... washer, 5b ... nut, 5c ... high nut, 6 (6a to 6d) ... cushion member, 10, 20, 30 ... block, 11 ... front surface, 12 ... back surface, 13 ... top surface, 14, 24, 34 ... bottom surface, 14b, 24b, 34b ... groove, 15, 16, 25, 35 ... header surface, 15b, 16b ... side groove, 17a to 17j ... reinforcing bar, 18 ... hole, d1 ... diameter of hole, d2 ... depth of groove, d3 ... depth of side groove, G ... grout material (filler).

Claims

A block serving as a masonry unit of a masonry wall structure, the block comprising:
one or more reinforcing bars; and

a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped autoclaved lightweight concrete formed into a solid and integrated with the one or more reinforcing bars.
The block according to claim 1, wherein
the block has a front surface forming one side surface of the wall structure, a back surface forming the other side surface of the wall structure, a top surface provided between an upper end of the front surface and an upper end of the back surface, and a bottom surface provided between a lower end of the front surface and a lower end of the back surface, and
at four corners in a cross section of the block parallel to both of a thickness direction in which the front surface and the back surface are opposed to each other and a height direction in which the top surface and the bottom surface are opposed to each other, the reinforcing bars extend in a longitudinal direction vertical to the thickness direction and the height direction.
The block according to claim 2, wherein
at least one of the top surface and the bottom surface has a groove at a center thereof in the thickness direction, the groove extending in the longitudinal direction, and
a depth of the groove is included in a range of 1/20 to 1/5 of a height of the block.
The block according to claim 3, wherein
the block has a pair of header surfaces opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction,
at least one of the pair of header surfaces has a side groove at a center thereof in the thickness direction, the side groove being continuous to the groove and extending in the height direction, and
a depth of the side groove is included in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block.
The block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein
the block has a hole passing through the top surface and the bottom surface of the block for inserting a shaft member, and
a diameter of the hole is larger than a diameter of the shaft member and included in a range of 1/10 to 1/4 of a thickness of the block.
A masonry wall structure formed by building up a plurality of blocks in a top-bottom direction along a shaft member extending in a vertical direction, wherein
each of the blocks includes one or more reinforcing bars and a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped autoclaved lightweight concrete formed into a solid and integrated with the one or more reinforcing bars and has a front surface forming one side surface of the wall structure, a back surface forming the other side surface of the wall structure, a top surface provided between an upper end of the front surface and an upper end of the back surface, and a bottom surface provided between a lower end of the front surface and a lower end of the back surface,
at least one of the top surface and the bottom surface has a groove at a center thereof in a thickness direction in which the front surface and the back surface are opposed to each other, the groove extending in a longitudinal direction vertical to the thickness direction and a height direction in which the top surface and the bottom surface are opposed to each other,
a depth of the groove is included in a range of 1/20 to 1/5 of a height of the block, and
the groove is filled with a filler.
The wall structure according to claim 6, wherein
each of the blocks has a hole passing through the top surface and the bottom surface for inserting the shaft member,
a diameter of the hole is larger than a diameter of the shaft member and is included in a range of 1/10 to 1/4 of a thickness of the block,
a plurality of the blocks are built up such that the holes are continuous between the adjacent upper and lower blocks, and
the shaft member is inserted through the hole.
The wall structure according to claim 7, wherein a gap produced between an inner wall of the hole and the shaft member is filled with a filler.
The wall structure according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein
each of the blocks has a pair of header surfaces opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction,
at least one of the pair of header surfaces has a side groove at a center thereof in the thickness direction, the side groove being continuous to the groove and extending in the height direction,
a depth of the side groove is included in the range of 1/20 to 1/5 of the height of the block, and
the side groove is filled with a filler.
A masonry wall structure formed by building up a plurality of blocks in a top-bottom direction along a shaft member extending in a vertical direction, wherein
each of the blocks is integrated with the shaft member along the shaft member and has a front surface forming one side surface of the wall structure, a back surface forming the other side surface of the wall structure, a top surface provided between an upper end of the front surface and an upper end of the back surface, and a bottom surface provided between a lower end of the front surface and a lower end of the back surface, and
at least one of the bottom surface of an upper-side block and the top surface of a lower-side block that overlap each other has a pair of cushion members having elasticity along a front surface-side edge and a back surface-side edge.
The wall structure according to claim 10, wherein the pair of cushion members extend continuously along the front surface-side edge and the back surface-side edge.
The wall structure according to claim 10 or 11, wherein
each of the blocks has a pair of header surfaces joined with respective ends of the front surface, the back surface, the top surface, and the bottom surface, and
at least one of the pair of header surfaces has a cushion member.
The wall structure according to claim 11, wherein
each of the blocks has a pair of header surfaces joined with respective ends of the front surface, the back surface, the top surface, and the bottom surface, and
the cushion members are provided to be continuous from one of the header surfaces to the other header surface through the top surface.
The wall structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein a filler fills in between the pair of cushion members.
The wall structure according to claim 14, wherein
at least one of the top surface and the bottom surface has a groove, and
the groove is filled with the filler.
The wall structure according to claim 15, wherein
at least one of the pair of header surfaces of the block has a side groove continuous to the groove, and
the side groove is filled with the filler.
The wall structure according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein
each of the blocks has a hole passing through the top surface and the bottom surface of each block for inserting the shaft member, and
a gap produced between an inner wall of the hole and the shaft member is filled with the filler.
The wall structure according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the filler is a grout material having a flow value of 20 cm or more.
The wall structure according to any one of claims 10 to 18, wherein holding means for applying holding force is provided for a certain number of blocks built up in the top-bottom direction.